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Zreik R, Pilosov Solomon I, Saliba W, Tor R, Cohen S, Friefeld Y, Dekel Y, Klein I. The relationship between patients' kidney stone type and demographics in Israel: analysis of 10 K patients. World J Urol 2023:10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w. [PMID: 37184690 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze urinary stone composition in Israel and assess the effects of key demographic parameters (gender, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, medical history and geographic region) on stone composition. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of stone analysis of 10,633 patients from an HMO Israeli database analyzed by a central laboratory from 2014 to 2019 and subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Associations between stone composition and different demographic parameters were determined using the Chi-square test. RESULTS Calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate accounted for 51.9% of the stones. Of the total sample, 5776 stones had one single component (54%), whereas 4857 (46%) had mixed components. Men had a higher frequency of CaOx stones (89.6% vs. 85.6%), whereas women had a higher frequency of calcium phosphate, infection, and cystine stones (27.2%, 17.7%, and 0.9% vs. 17.2%, 7.5%, and 0.5%, respectively). Cystine stones were more abundant in Arabs (1.2% vs. 0.5% in the Jewish population). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of calcium phosphate, uric acid, and infection stones and a lower prevalence of CaOx stones. Uric acid stones were associated with medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity (28.3%, 24.9%, 25.7%, and 22.6% vs. 9.6%, 8.4%, 12.3%, and 10.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Stone types were highly influenced by patients' demographics. COM was the most common stone component in either pure or complex form. UA stone prevalence was found to increase with age and was associated with medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Zreik
- Department of Urology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Walid Saliba
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Community and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Tor
- Chemistry Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Sharon Cohen
- Chemistry Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yuval Friefeld
- Department of Urology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Dekel
- Department of Urology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Klein
- Department of Urology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Huynh NK, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HV. Effects of processing on oxalate contents in plant foods: A review. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Katz JE, Soodana-Prakash N, Jain A, Parmar M, Smith N, Kryvenko O, Austin GW, Shah HN. Influence of Age and Geography on Chemical Composition of 98043 Urinary Stones from the USA. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 34:19-26. [PMID: 34934963 PMCID: PMC8655393 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urolithiasis is a growing issue globally, but it is heterogeneous, with a different epidemiology and pathophysiology for each different stone composition. Objective The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of urinary stones in the USA from 2016 to 2019 by chemical composition and to investigate the influence of age and geography on these stone types. Design, setting, and participants We obtained compositional analyses for all urinary stones submitted to a national laboratory over an approximately 3-yr period. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Data collected included the chemical constituents of a stone, patient age, and geographical origin. We describe the incidence of each stone type by frequency. Statistical testing was performed to determine the influence of age and geographical region on overall incidence of each stone composition. Results and limitations In total, 99 908 specimens were analyzed. When pure stones were ordered by frequency, we found that the most common stone type was calcium oxalate (CaOx) (79.2%), followed by uric acid (UA; 14.3%), calcium phosphate (CaPO4; 3.7%), cystine (0.51%), drug induced (0.12%), and magnesium ammonium phosphate (0.04%). CaOx, UA, and CaPO4 were often mixed with one another. Among CaOx stones, the plurality (28.0%) was made of pure calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), and only 0.002% was pure calcium oxalate dihydrate. There was an overall association between stone composition and both geographical distribution and age (p < 0.001). Conclusions CaOx stones comprise the majority of urinary stones in the USA, of which almost 28% were pure COM. Additionally, age and geographical region are significantly associated with variations in stone composition. Patient summary We evaluated the incidence of urinary stones in the USA based on their chemical composition. The most common stone type was calcium oxalate, the majority of which was pure calcium oxalate monohydrate. We also found age and geographical region to be significantly associated with variations in stone composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Katz
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Anika Jain
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Madhumita Parmar
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Smith
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kryvenko
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Hemendra N. Shah
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA. Tel. +1 3059158344.
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Gudeloglu A, Haberal HB, Aydanal M, Asci A, Yucel Bilen C. The stone crescent of Anatolia. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13950. [PMID: 33338305 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the largest stone composition data available and to present the variations in the stone composition according to gender and different climatic environments in Turkey. METHODOLOGY Data for a total of 24 768 urinary stone patients from the Turkish Mineral Research and Exploration Institute were evaluated. X-ray diffraction crystallography was used for analysis and the Köppen-Trewartha classification was used to assess the climatic features of the cities. After the assessment, the cities were divided into two groups-those with a continental climate (Dc) were defined as inland areas and the others (Non-Dc) were defined as coastal areas. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. Amongst the patients, 53.7% had pure stones, while 46.3% had mixed-type stones. The most common type of stone was calcium oxalate in both pure and mixed stone groups. Given the climate patterns, the stone ratio between regions with a Dc climate and a Non-Dc climate was approximately 2:3. Cystine and uric acid stones were observed more frequently in inland regions, while calcium oxalate, whewellite, and struvite stones were observed more frequently in coastal areas (P = .005, P < .001, P < .001, P = .002, P = .002, respectively). Calcium oxalate stones were found at a higher rate in men, while cysteine, struvite, and calcium phosphate stones were more common in women (P < .001, P = .003, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION This study provides the most comprehensive data on the stone disease in Turkey. Considering the distribution of stone disease in Turkey, the frequency of analysed stones had parallels with the temperature averages and climate features, presenting crescent-like distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gudeloglu
- Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Muge Aydanal
- Mineralogy Petrography Research Coordinator, Turkish Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Asci
- Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Yucel Bilen
- Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Nevo A, Levi O, Sidi A, Tsivian A, Baniel J, Margel D, Lifshitz D. Patients treated for uric acid stones reoccur more often and within a shorter interval compared to patients treated for calcium stones. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 14:E555-E559. [PMID: 32520701 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the association between stone composition and recurrence rate in a well-characterized group of patients. METHODS From our prospectively assembled database of 1328 patients undergoing ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) between 2010 and 2015, we identified 457 patients who met the inclusion criteria: a minimum of two years' followup, stone-free status following surgery, normal anatomy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) stone analysis results. Stone recurrence was identified by kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) or an ultrasound (US). All symptomatic events were recorded. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to assess the differences in recurrence rates and associated risk factors. RESULTS Calcium oxalate (CaOx), uric acid (UA), and struvite stones were found in 298 (65.2%), 99 (21.7%), and 28 (6.1%) patients, respectively. During a median followup of 38 months (interquartile range [IQR] 31-48), stone recurred in 111 (24%) patients. One-year stone-free rates (SFRs) stratified by composition were: CaOx 98%, UA 91.9%, calcium phosphate 90%, struvite 88%, and, cystine 83%; the two-year SFRs were 92.6%, 82.7%, 80%, 73%, and 75%, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, UA composition, the absence of medical preventive therapy, and preoperative stone burden were associated with a shorter time to recurrence. Secondary intervention for recurrent, symptomatic stones was required in 11 (11.1%) and 22 (7.4%) of patients with UA and CaOx stones, respectively (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS UA stone-formers are more likely to have a recurrence and to undergo surgical intervention in comparison to CaOx stone-formers, regardless of medical preventive treatment. These differences are more prominent during the first year of followup and should be incorporated into the patient's followup protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amihay Nevo
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oleg Levi
- Department of Urology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ami Sidi
- Department of Urology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Tsivian
- Department of Urology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jack Baniel
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Margel
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Lifshitz
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ye Z, Zeng G, Yang H, Li J, Tang K, Wang G, Wang S, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Long Y, Li W, Wang C, Wang W, Gao S, Shan Y, Huang X, Bai Z, Lin X, Cheng Y, Wang Q, Xu Z, Xie L, Yuan J, Ren S, Fan Y, Pan T, Wang J, Li X, Chen X, Gu X, Sun Z, Xiao K, Jia J, Zhang Q, Wang G, Sun T, Li X, Xu C, Xu C, Shi G, He J, Song L, Sun G, Wang D, Liu Y, Wang C, Han Y, Liang P, Wang Z, He W, Chen Z, Xing J, Xu H. The status and characteristics of urinary stone composition in China. BJU Int 2020; 125:801-809. [PMID: 30958622 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore characteristics of urinary stone composition in China, and determine the effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), stone location, and geographical region on stone composition. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse stones from consecutive patients presenting with new-onset urolithiasis at 46 hospitals in seven geographical areas of China, between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2015. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between stone composition and gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region. RESULTS The most common stone constituents were: calcium oxalate (CaOx; 65.9%), carbapatite (15.6%), urate (12.4%), struvite (2.7%), and brushite (1.7%). CaOx and urate stones occurred more frequently in males, whereas carbapatite and struvite were more common in females (P < 0.01). CaOx and carbapatite were more common in those aged 30-50 and 20-40 years than in other groups. Brushite and struvite were most common amongst those aged <20 and >70 years. The detection rate of urate increased with age, whilst cystine decreased with age. Obese patients were more likely to have urate stones than carbapatite or brushite stones (P < 0.01). CaOx, carbapatite, brushite, and cystine stones were more frequently found in the kidney than other types, whereas urate and struvite were more frequent in the bladder (P < 0.01). Stone composition varied by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS The most common stone composition was CaOx, followed by carbapatite, urate, struvite, and brushite. Stone composition differed significantly in patients grouped by gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Urology, GuangDong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Yu
- Department of Urology, The No. 181 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The No. 5 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yongfu Long
- Department of Urology, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, China
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changmin Wang
- Department of Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihe Gao
- Department of Urology, Gaomi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaomi, China
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Suzhou University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Department of Urology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical School, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhuoqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengqiang Ren
- Department of Urology, The No. 113 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuhui Fan
- Department of Urology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiejun Pan
- Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojian Gu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Kefeng Xiao
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianye Jia
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changbao Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Medical School, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuangliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai City, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayang He
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai City, Shanghai, China
| | - Leming Song
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Urology, Shenyang Red-Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinchun Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
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Torricelli FCM. Editorial Comment: Upper urinary tract stone compositions: the role of age and gender. Int Braz J Urol 2020; 46:81-82. [PMID: 31851462 PMCID: PMC6968902 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2019.0278.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Grant C, Guzman G, Stainback RP, Amdur RL, Mufarrij P. Variation in Kidney Stone Composition Within the United States. J Endourol 2018; 32:973-977. [PMID: 30039712 DOI: 10.1089/end.2018.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Kidney stone incidence has been known to vary with temperature and climate. However, little is known about any variation in the composition of kidney stones across different regions of the United States. We attempted to evaluate whether stone composition changes depending on region. METHODS We were given access to de-identified data from LABCORPs database of kidney stone composition from August 1, 2016, to October 24, 2016, for states in seven representative areas of the country: Virginia, Minnesota, Florida, Arizona, Colorado, California, and Texas. We analyzed each component of kidney stones with optical microscopy supplemented with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometry using both the percentage of the stone that was composed of that component as well as a binary variable coded none vs any. Univariate associations between component and state were examined using chi-square or Fisher's exact test for the binary indicator, and analysis of variance for the continuous percentage. The same set of analyses was used for decade of age vs each component. The association between age and state was examined using analysis of variance. RESULTS Data were available for 4335 kidney stones, from patients in the 7 states mentioned. The most common components across all stones were calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium phosphate (both present in 93% of stones), calcium oxalate dihydrate (in 57% of stones), and uric acid (in 12% of stones). Stone composition did not vary widely across regions, except for uric acid stones, which were more prevalent in Florida compared to other states, with an odds ratio of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.12, 1.83). CONCLUSION Kidney stone composition does not vary widely by region within the United States. Although temperature and humidity play a role in stone incidence, there does not appear to be a large variation between different climates, with the exception of uric acid stone formation in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Grant
- 1 Department of Urology, George Washington University Hospital , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gabe Guzman
- 2 George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Richard L Amdur
- 3 Laboratory Corporation of America , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Patrick Mufarrij
- 1 Department of Urology, George Washington University Hospital , Washington, District of Columbia
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High prevalence of pediatric urinary tract stones in Xinjiang Uyghur. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:265-272. [PMID: 29980798 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to report the characteristics of urolithiasis in Uyghur patients from Xinjiang, China. The composition of stones collected from 1863 patients in the Uyghur region of Xinjiang was analyzed. The median age of patients was 17 years [25th and 75th percentiles: 2, 36]. The stones were delivered by 1299 males (69.7%) and 564 females (30.3%). Calcium oxalate was the predominant stone component in 42.1% of the patients, followed by ammonium urate in 20.6%. Females had formed more stones of magnesium ammonium phosphate 8.9 vs. 5.6% (p = 0.010) and carbonate apatite 6.2 vs. 3.3% (p = 0.004). In contrast uric acid was more common in males than in females; 21.6 vs. 15.1% (p = 0.001). In this series, pediatric patients (age range 0-18) were more likely to present with a stone (51.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the largest number of pediatric stones was recorded in children 1-2 years old (37.9%, p < 0.001). The occurrence of ammonium urate stones was extremely high (52.4%) in children with an age below 1 year. There was a downward trend for ammonium urate with age in both children and adults (p for trend < 0.001, respectively). In contrast the frequency of uric acid declined with age in pediatric patients, but increased in adults (p for trend < 0.001, respectively). This study provides a basis for further considerations on the management of Xinjiang Uyghur patients and emphasize the severity of pediatric stone problems.
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Trinchieri A, Montanari E. Prevalence of renal uric acid stones in the adult. Urolithiasis 2017; 45:553-562. [PMID: 28258472 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate uric acid renal stone prevalence rates of adults in different countries of the world. PubMed was searched for papers dealing with "urinary calculi and prevalence or composition" for the period from January 1996 to June 2016. Alternative searches were made to collect further information on specific topics. The prevalence rate of uric acid stones was computed by the general renal stone prevalence rate and the frequency of uric acid stones in each country. After the initial search, 2180 papers were extracted. Out of them, 79 papers were selected after the reading of the titles and of the abstracts. For ten countries, papers relating to both the renal stone prevalence in the general population and the frequency of uric stones were available. Additional search produced 13 papers that completed information on 11 more countries in 5 continents. Estimated prevalence rate of uric acid stones was >0.75% in Thailand, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, South Africa (white population), United States and Australia; ranged 0.50-0.75% in Turkey, Israel, Italy, India (Southern), Spain, Taiwan, Germany, Brazil; and <0.50% in Tunisia, China, Korea, Japan, Caribe, South Africa (blacks), India (Northern). Climate and diet are major determinants of uric acid stone formation. A hot and dry climate increases fluid losses reducing urinary volume and urinary pH. A diet rich in meat protein causes low urinary pH and increased uric acid excretion. On the other hand, uric acid stone formation is frequently associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes type 2 that are linked to dietary energy excess mainly from carbohydrate and saturated fat and also present with low urine pH values. An epidemic of uric acid stone formation could be if current nutritional trends will be maintained both in developed countries and in developing countries and the areas of greater climatic risk for the formation of uric acid stones will enlarge as result of the "global warming".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Trinchieri
- Urology Unit, Manzoni Hospital, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Scales CD, Tasian GE, Schwaderer AL, Goldfarb DS, Star RA, Kirkali Z. Urinary Stone Disease: Advancing Knowledge, Patient Care, and Population Health. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1305-1312. [PMID: 26964844 PMCID: PMC4934851 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13251215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expanding epidemiologic and physiologic data suggest that urinary stone disease is best conceptualized as a chronic metabolic condition punctuated by symptomatic, preventable stone events. These acute events herald substantial future chronic morbidity, including decreased bone mineral density, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. Urinary stone disease imposes a large and growing public health burden. In the United States, 1 in 11 individuals will experience a urinary stone in their lifetime. Given this high incidence and prevalence, urinary stone disease is one of the most expensive urologic conditions, with health care charges exceeding $10 billion annually. Patient care focuses on management of symptomatic stones rather than prevention; after three decades of innovation, procedural interventions are almost exclusively minimally invasive or noninvasive, and mortality is rare. Despite these advances, the prevalence of stone disease has nearly doubled over the past 15 years, likely secondary to dietary and health trends. The NIDDK recently convened a symposium to assess knowledge and treatment gaps to inform future urinary stone disease research. Reducing the public health burden of urinary stone disease will require key advances in understanding environmental, genetic, and other individual disease determinants; improving secondary prevention; and optimal population health strategies in an increasingly cost-conscious care environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Scales
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory E. Tasian
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew L. Schwaderer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David S. Goldfarb
- Division of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Robert A. Star
- Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
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Noviandrini E, Birowo P, Rasyid N. Urinary stone characteristics of patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, 2008–2014: a gender analysis. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v24i4.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of urinary stone patient in Indonesia has increased every year in both genders. Data showed that urolithiasis was higher in male rather than female. The aimed of this study was to describe the characteristics of urinary stone found in patient who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from 2008–2014. Methods: Data obtained from ESWL medical record Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from 2008–2014. We obtained 5,174 out of 6,020 data due to incompleteness data record. We sorted data records by gender, age, stone location, stone opacity, size of the stone, and history of ESWL, and analyzed by statistic tools (SPSS v 20 for Mac).Results: From 5,174 records, we found that the incidence of urinary stones was two times higher in male rather than female (66.3%:33.64%), occurred mostly in productive age (65.2% male, 65.9% female). Unilateral kidney stone was most common location found for both gender (50.2% male, 57.2% female), and most frequent site located in calyx inferior (24.8% male, 28.9% female). About 72.9% stone was radiopaque (73.7% male and 71.5% female). The mean size of the stone in male and female was 11.34±7.15 mm and 11.90±7.54 mm, respectively. This study also showed that 79.3% patients came for first ESWL.Conclusion: Urinary stone founds two times higher in male than female, and mostly occurs on their productive ages. Unilateral kidney stone in calyx inferior become the most common stone found in both gender. Most of the stone has radiopaque opacity.
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