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Chik C, Larroque AL, Zhuang Y, Feinstein S, Smith DL, Andonian S, Ryan AK, Jean-Claude B, Gupta IR. A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)- and Mass Spectrometry (MS)-Based Saturation Kinetics Model of a Bryophyllum pinnatum Decoction as a Treatment for Kidney Stones. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5280. [PMID: 38791318 PMCID: PMC11121557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) is a medicinal plant used to treat many conditions when taken as a leaf juice, leaves in capsules, as an ethanolic extract, and as herbal tea. These preparations have been chemically analyzed except for decoctions derived from boiled green leaves. In preparation for a clinical trial to validate BP tea as a treatment for kidney stones, we used NMR and MS analyses to characterize the saturation kinetics of the release of metabolites. During boiling of the leaves, (a) the pH decreased to 4.8 within 14 min and then stabilized; (b) regarding organic acids, citric and malic acid were released with maximum release time (tmax) = 35 min; (c) for glycoflavonoids, quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q-3O-ArRh), myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (M-3O-ArRh), kappinatoside, myricitrin, and quercitrin were released with tmax = 5-10 min; and (d) the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) reached a tmax at 55 min and 61 min, respectively. In summary, 24 g of leaves boiled in 250 mL of water for 61 min ensures a maximal release of key water-soluble metabolites, including organic acids and flavonoids. These metabolites are beneficial for treating kidney stones because they target oxidative stress and inflammation and inhibit stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candus Chik
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Larroque
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Shane Feinstein
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Plant Science Department, McDonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sero Andonian
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Aimee K. Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bertrand Jean-Claude
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Indra R. Gupta
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Turek M, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Owsianik K, Bałczewski P. New Perspectives for Antihypertensive Sartans as Components of Co-crystals and Co-amorphous Solids with Improved Properties and Multipurpose Activity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:18-37. [PMID: 38108281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sartans (angiotensin II receptor blockers, ARBs), drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, play a principal role in addressing the global health challenge of hypertension. In the past three years, their potential use has expanded to include the possibility of their application in the treatment of COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases (80 clinical studies worldwide). However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by their poor solubility and bioavailability, prompting the need for innovative approaches to improve their pharmaceutical properties. This review discusses methods of co-crystallization and co-amorphization of sartans with nonpolymeric, low molecular, and stabilizing co-formers, as a promising strategy to synthesize new multipurpose drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. The solid-state forms have demonstrated the potential to address the poor solubility limitations of conventional sartan formulations and offer new opportunities to develop dual-active drugs with broader therapeutic applications. The review includes an in-depth analysis of the co-crystal and co-amorphous forms of sartans, including their properties, possible applications, and the impact of synthetic methods on their pharmacokinetic properties. By shedding light on the solid forms of sartans, this article provides valuable insights into their potential as improved drug formulations. Moreover, this review may serve as a valuable resource for designing similar solid forms of sartans and other drugs, fostering further advances in pharmaceutical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Turek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Owsianik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė V, Lučinskaitė I, Mildažienė V, Ivankov A, Koga K, Shiratani M, Laužikė K, Baliuckas V. Changes in Content of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Induced in Needles of Different Half-Sib Families of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) by Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081558. [PMID: 36009278 PMCID: PMC9405162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure sufficient food resources for a constantly growing human population, new technologies (e.g., cold plasma technologies) are being developed for increasing the germination and seedling growth without negative effects on the environment. Pinaceae species are considered a natural source of antioxidant compounds and are valued for their pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. In this study, the seeds of seven different Norway spruce half-sib families were processed for one or two minutes with cold plasma (CP) using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma equipment. At the end of the second vegetation season, the total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) antioxidant activity, and the amounts of six organic acids (folic, malic, citric, oxalic, succinic, and ascorbic) were determined in the needles of different half-sib families of Norway spruce seedlings. The results show that the TFC, antioxidant activity, and amounts of organic acids in the seedling needles depended on both the treatment duration and the genetic family. The strongest positive effect on the TFC was determined in the seedlings of the 477, 599, and 541 half-sib families after seed treatment with CP for 1 min (CP1). The TFC in these families increased from 118.06 mg g−1 to 312.6 mg g−1 compared to the control. Moreover, seed treatment with CP1 resulted in the strongest increase in the antioxidant activity of the needles of the 541 half-sib family seedlings; the antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH and ABTS tests, increased by 30 and 23%, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained results indicate that the CP effect on the amount of organic acids in the needles was dependent on the half-sib family. It was determined that treatment with CP1 increased the amount of five organic acids in the needles of the 541 half-sib family seedlings. The presented results show future possibilities for using cold plasma seed treatment in the food and pharmacy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Kaunas District, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ieva Lučinskaitė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Kaunas District, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anatolii Ivankov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kazunori Koga
- Center of Plasma Nano-interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shiratani
- Center of Plasma Nano-interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kristina Laužikė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Virgilijus Baliuckas
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Kaunas District, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania
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Li Y, Sun H, Li J, Qin S, Yang W, Ma X, Qiao X, Yang B. Effects of Genetic Background and Altitude on Sugars, Malic Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Fruits of Wild and Cultivated Apples ( Malus sp.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10122950. [PMID: 34945500 PMCID: PMC8701241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble sugars, malic acid, and ascorbic acid in 17 apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and three wild forms (M. pumila 'Saiwaihong', M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. and M. micromalus Makino) from three major apple cultivation regions in China were quantified using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Fructose was the most abundant sugar, followed by sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol. Wild apples contain more sorbitol and less sucrose and were significantly more acidic than cultivated fruits. The total sugar content varied from 110 to 160 mg/g fresh fruits, total acid content from 2 to 6 mg/g, with a strong influence of genetic background and growth location. Overall, 'Gala', 'Xiali', 'Liuyuehong', 'Lihong', 'Starking Delicious', and 'Starkrimson' were characterized by higher sugar/acid ratio indicating sweeter taste compared to other cultivars. The wild apples had the highest content of ascorbic acid (0.6-0.96 mg/g). Compared to other cultivars, 'Zhongqiuwang', 'Qinguan', and 'Nagafu No. 2' were richer in ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid content in the commercial cultivars was highly dependent on growth location. The content of malic acid and sucrose positively correlated to altitude, and that of glucose negatively. Malic acid positively correlated with ascorbic acid and sucrose, glucose content with ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
| | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (W.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Xueying Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (W.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiongwu Qiao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
| | - Baoru Yang
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (J.L.); (S.Q.); (X.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (W.Y.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Acute and Chronic Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Contractile Properties and Fatigue Rate of the Quadriceps. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:490-496. [PMID: 34470906 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the acute and chronic impact of citrulline malate (CM) supplementation on muscle contractile properties and fatigue rate of the quadriceps. Eighteen recreationally trained males consumed both a placebo (PL) and CM treatment for two separate dosing periods. The first experimental testing session for each dosing period was considered the baseline day, the second session the acute day, and the third session the chronic day, which followed seven consecutive days of supplementation. All testing sessions included exercising on a cycle ergometer at 50%-60% of their max power output for 30 min followed by performing the Thorstensson test on an isokinetic dynamometer. A two-way (Supplement × Time) analysis of variance with repeated measures resulted in no significant interactions (p > .05) (PL: baseline day, acute day, chronic day vs. CM: baseline day, acute day, chronic day) for peak power (in watts) (469 ± 81, 490 ± 97, 502 ± 99 vs. 464 ± 85, 480 ± 103, 501 ± 81); peak torque (in newton meters) (150 ± 26, 157 ± 32, 161 ± 31 vs. 149 ± 27, 156 ± 33, 161 ± 26); fatigue rate (in percentage) (57 ± 9, 57 ± 10, 58 ± 9 vs. 57 ± 10, 56 ± 9, 58 ± 9); and heart rate (in beats per minute) (156 ± 17, 146 ± 13, 146 ± 9 vs. 155 ± 11, 146 ± 11, 146 ± 9). The results of this study suggest that neither acute nor chronic supplementation of CM had an effect on recovery or fatigue rate of the quadriceps.
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Preparation and Characterization of Natural Bleaching Gels Used in Cosmetic Dentistry. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132106. [PMID: 31261993 PMCID: PMC6651425 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists of the formulation and characterization of three experimental bleaching gels with hydroxylapatite oxides and fluorine (G28®, G29®, G30®) based on natural fruit extracts compared to the commercial Opalescence 15% (GC, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). Studies have been conducted on the effect that the experimental bleaching gels have on the color and morphology of different restorative materials (Nanofill®-Schulzer, P.L. Superior Dental Materials GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, and experimental nanocomposites (P11®, P31®, P61®)), immersed in coffee and artificial saliva (for 10 days and 30 days). The study also includes a cytotoxicity test on the gels and nanocomposites after bleaching, with ISO 109993-5 protocols on human dental follicle stem cells. UV-VIS spectroscopy, computerized measurement, and fluorescence spectrometry were used in order to observe the color changes, while the microstructure of the surface was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). All of the samples immersed in coffee showed the highest color shift in comparison to the baseline. The color difference ΔE values obtained using the two methods (UV-Vis, computerized based on digital images) both after coloring and bleaching, respectively, were different for all four types of nanocomposites stored in the coffee, while no difference was observed in those stored in artificial saliva. The studied experimental gels and nanocomposites had a low cytotoxic effect on cell cultures after bleaching.
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Trexler ET, Persky AM, Ryan ED, Schwartz TA, Stoner L, Smith-Ryan AE. Acute Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on High-Intensity Strength and Power Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2019; 49:707-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World J Urol 2017; 35:1301-1320. [PMID: 28213860 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide with rates ranging from 7 to 13% in North America, 5-9% in Europe, and 1-5% in Asia. Due to high rates of new and recurrent stones, management of stones is expensive and the disease has a high level of acute and chronic morbidity. The goal of this study is to review the epidemiology of stone disease in order to improve patient care. A review of the literature was conducted through a search on Pubmed®, Medline®, and Google Scholar®. This review was presented and peer-reviewed at the 3rd International Consultation on Stone Disease during the 2014 Société Internationale d'Urologie Congress in Glasgow. It represents an update of the 2008 consensus document based on expert opinion of the most relevant studies. There has been a rising incidence in stone disease throughout the world with a narrowing of the gender gap. Increased stone prevalence has been attributed to population growth and increases in obesity and diabetes. General dietary recommendations of increased fluid, decreased salt, and moderate intake of protein have not changed. However, specific recommended values have either changed or are more frequently reported. Geography and environment influenced the likelihood of stone disease and more information is needed regarding stone disease in a large portion of the world including Asia and Africa. Randomized controlled studies are lacking but are necessary to improve recommendations regarding diet and fluid intake. Understanding the impact of associated conditions that are rapidly increasing will improve the prevention of stone disease.
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Sridharan B, Mehra Y, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:75-84. [PMID: 27241030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 & 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 & 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th-7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB & LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p < 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p < 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p < 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogita Mehra
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Effects of L-Malic Acid on Alpha-Glucosidase: Inhibition Kinetics and Computational Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2232-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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