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Xu J, Wu S, Liu M, Xiao Z, Peng Y, He H. Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in Pleurotus eryngii (king oyster mushroom) production plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1064575. [PMID: 36778843 PMCID: PMC9912299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1064575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that is well-known for its high mortality rate upon infection. In recent years, the edible mushroom has also been found to be an important source of L. monocytogenes, but the contamination sources in Pleurotus eryngii (the king oyster mushroom) were unclear. In this study, a total of 203 edible mushrooms and environmental samples from four P. eryngii production plants were obtained. As a result, 29 samples (14.3%) were positive for L. monocytogenes, including eight mushroom samples (13.3%, 8/60) and 21 associated environmental samples (14.7%, 21/143). The contamination of L. monocytogenes in plants A and B was more severe and was likely to originate from the mycelium stimulation machine. The isolates belonged to serogroups II.1 (4b-4d-4e), I.1 (1/2a-3a), and I.2 (1/2c-3c), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that these L. monocytogenes strains belonged to five different sequence types (ST3, ST121, ST9, ST87, and ST224). The ST121 and ST3 isolates were only found in plants A and B, respectively. The isolates were carried by hly (29/29, 100%), inlB (23/29, 79.3%), inlA (29/29, 100%), inlC (29/29, 100%), inlJ (29/29, 100%), actA (19/29, 65.5%), iap (29/29, 100%), plcA (26/29, 100%), plcB (29/29, 100%), prfA (27/29, 93.1%), and mpl (29/29, 100%). Further study of inlA sequencing showed that 65.5% of strains (19/29) contained full-length InlA that was required for host cell invasion, whereas the mutation led to premature stop codons (PMSCs) at position 492 (type 6) on inlA alleles. All isolates in this survey were sensitive to gentamicin, kanamycin, sulbactam/ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and doxycycline. The drug with the highest resistance is rifampicin (37.9%), followed by penicillin (24.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.3%). Most multiply resistant strains are isolated from raw materials and equipment of the P. eryngii processing lines. Our study reflects the contamination patterns and potential risk of L. monocytogenes infection in P. eryngii production plants. The persistence of specific L. monocytogenes isolates (such as ST121 and ST3) may assist with contamination. In accordance with these results, the control of L. monocytogenes should focus on the environmental materials, especially in the mycelium stimulation stage. However, effective Listeria monitoring programs will allow for the improved development of Listeria control measures to minimize cross-contamination in the processing of P. eryngii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shi Wu,
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitian Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanqing He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Lanni L, Morena V, Scattareggia Marchese A, Destro G, Ferioli M, Catellani P, Giaccone V. Challenge Test as Special Tool to Estimate the Dynamic of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010032. [PMID: 35010159 PMCID: PMC8750539 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 23 million cases of foodborne disease (FBD) occur in Europe each year, with over 4700 deaths. Outbreaks of FBD have a significant impact on our society due to the high economic losses they cause (hospital treatment of affected patients and destruction of contaminated food). Among its health objectives, the European Union has set itself the goal of reducing the incidence of the main FBDs, approving various regulations that codify requirements in order to produce food that is “safe” for human consumption. Among these rules, Regulation 2005/2073 establishes precise food safety criteria for foods that are judged to be most at risk of causing episodes of FBD. The food business operator (FBO) must know their food better and know how to estimate whether a food can support the growth of food pathogens or if they are able to hinder it during the food’s shelf life. It is becoming crucial for each FBO to schedule specific laboratory tests (challenge tests) to establish the growth potential of individual pathogens and their maximum growth rate. In 2008 the European Union published the guidelines for programming the challenge tests for Listeria monocytogenes in RTE foods. These guidelines were further implemented in 2014 and again in 2019. In June 2019 the UNI EN ISO 20976-1 was published, which contains indications for setting up and carrying out challenge tests for all foodborne pathogens in all foods. In this article, we compare the three official documents to highlight their common aspects and differences, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages that each of them offers for those who have to set up a challenge test for the various foodborne pathogens. Our conclusion is that the challenge test is today the most effective tool to estimate the dynamics and growth potential of pathogenic microorganisms in food, if it is designed and implemented in a scrupulous way. It is important to develop a rational experimental design for each challenge test, and for each food, and this requires professionals who are experts in this specific field of study and who must be properly trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lanni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Sede di Roma, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Valeria Morena
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Sede di Roma, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Adriana Scattareggia Marchese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Sede di Roma, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Gessica Destro
- EPTA NORD Food Analysis & Consulting, 35026 Conselve, Italy; (G.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcello Ferioli
- EPTA NORD Food Analysis & Consulting, 35026 Conselve, Italy; (G.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Paolo Catellani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Li XP, Wang SF, Hou PB, Liu J, Du P, Bai L, Fanning S, Zhang HN, Chen YZ, Zhang YK, Kang DM. Nosocomial cross-infection of hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 87 in China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:603. [PMID: 32566629 PMCID: PMC7290528 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics and molecular relatedness of L. monocytogenes, which were cultured from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples isolated from two neonates. Methods In the present case study, two infected neonates were interviewed and epidemiological investigation performed. The phenotypic characteristics and molecular relatedness of L. monocytogenes was characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results The field investigation found that the two neonates were born in the same hospital (Hospital B) and admitted to the neonatal department through different channels within half an hour by different nurses, where they were weighed and placed in different but adjacent incubators. Then they were cared for by the same group of nurses that evening. It is worth noting that there was no record of sanitation of the neonatal incubator of neonate-1. The serotype of the two isolated L. monocytogenes were 1/2b, with an indistinguishable pulsotypes and were sequence type (ST) 87. WGS showed that there were no core SNP differences identified. In order to explore the genomic traits associated with L. monocytogenes virulence genes, we identified the Listeria pathogenicity island 4 and found that the genome was devoid of any stress islands. There are no positive results from the environmental samples. Considering the genomic data together with epidemiological evidence and clinical symptoms, insufficient surface cleaning along with the nursing staff caring for these neonates was considered as cross-infection factors. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nosocomial cross-infection of L. monocytogenes ST87 between two neonates, which carries the recently identified gene cluster expressing the cellobiose-family phosphotransferase system (PTS-LIPI-4) between two neonates. The test results of environmental samples in the hospital indicate that strict sterilization and patient isolation measures cannot be emphasized enough in neonatal nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shi-Fu Wang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Pei-Bin Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hua-Ning Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yun-Kui Zhang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Dian-Min Kang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
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Silva AS, Duarte EAA, Oliveira TASDE, Evangelista-Barreto NS. Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in cattle meat using biochemical methods and amplification of the hemolysin gene. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 1:e20180557. [PMID: 32348408 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil and in other countries of the world, studies have been conducted to identify Listeria monocytogenes in cattle meat that is preferably consumed undercooked and, when marketed without meeting strict phytosanitary requirements, may cause outbreaks of listeriosis. In the such, foodborne outbreaks, the methods used for the detection of the pathogen and the efficiency associated with them are crucial for the proper assessment. In this study, we used the techniques biochemical and molecular for identification of the L. monocytogenes isolated from 30 samples of the fresh beef, marketed in ten butchers' shop of the free-fair from a municipality from the Bahia, Brazil. The results obtained from biochemical tests (catalase, motility, β-hemolysis and carbohydrate fermentation), as well as PCR analysis for the hly gene (hemolysin production is an important factor in the pathogenesis of listeriosis) revealed that 50% of butchers shops presented bovine meat contaminated with bacteria of the Listeria sp. and confirmed that 54.16% of the analyzed meat samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. This study highlights the importance of microbiological surveillance in free-fair to minimize the exposure of consumers to this foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra S Silva
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A A Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Faculdade Maria Milza, Governador Mangabeira, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago A S DE Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Faculdade Maria Milza, Governador Mangabeira, BA, Brazil
| | - Norma S Evangelista-Barreto
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
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Strain Variability of Listeria monocytogenes under NaCl Stress Elucidated by a High-Throughput Microbial Growth Data Assembly and Analysis Protocol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02378-19. [PMID: 31900307 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02378-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes the severe foodborne illness listeriosis and survives in food-associated environments due to its high stress tolerance. A data assembly and analysis protocol for microbial growth experiments was compiled to elucidate the strain variability of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance. The protocol includes measurement of growth ability under stress (step 1), selection of a suitable method for growth parameter calculation (step 2), comparison of growth patterns between strains (step 3), and biological interpretation of the discovered differences (step 4). In step 1, L. monocytogenes strains (n = 388) of various serovars and origins grown on media with 9.0% NaCl were measured using a Bioscreen C microbiology reader. Technical variability of the growth measurements was assessed and eliminated. In step 2, the growth parameters determined by Gompertz, modified-Gompertz, logistic, and Richards models and model-free splines were compared, illustrating differences in the suitability of these methods to describe the experimental data. In step 3, hierarchical clustering was used to describe the NaCl tolerance of L. monocytogenes measured by strain-specific variation in growth ability; tolerant strains had higher growth rates and maximum optical densities and shorter lag phases than susceptible strains. The spline parameter area under the curve best classified "poor," "average," and "good" growers. In step 4, the tested L. monocytogenes lineage I strains (serovars 4b and 1/2b) proved to be significantly more tolerant toward 9.0% NaCl than lineage II strains (serovars 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a). Our protocol provides systematic tools to gain comparable data for investigating strain-specific variation of bacterial growth under stress.IMPORTANCE The pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes the foodborne disease listeriosis, which can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes tolerates several environmental stressors and can persist in food-processing environments and grow in foodstuffs despite traditional control measures such as high salt content. Nonetheless, L. monocytogenes strains differ in their ability to withstand stressors. Elucidating the intraspecies strain variability of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance is crucial for the identification of particularly tolerant strains. To enhance reliable identification of variability in bacterial stress tolerance phenotypes, we compiled a large-scale protocol for the entire data assembly and analysis of microbial growth experiments, providing a systematic approach and checklist for experiments on strain-specific growth ability. Our study illustrated the diversity and strain-specific variation of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance with an unprecedented scope and discovered biologically relevant serovar- and lineage-dependent phenotypes of NaCl tolerance.
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Psareva EK, Egorova IY, Liskova EA, Razheva IV, Gladkova NA, Sokolova EV, Potemkin EA, Zhurilov PA, Mikhaleva TV, Blokhin AA, Chalenko YM, Kolbasov DV, Ermolaeva SА. Retrospective Study of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated in the Territory of Inner Eurasia from 1947 to 1999. Pathogens 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31614553 PMCID: PMC6963828 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most significant humans and animals foodborne infectious diseases. Here, we characterized 48 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the territory of inner Eurasia during the second half of the 20th century. A total of 23 strains (52.3%) were susceptible to the nine antibiotics tested, 30.43%, 15.22%, and 8.7% were resistant penicillin G, ampicillin, and enrofloxacin, respectively. We applied the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to determine the phylogenetic positions of the strains. All but one strain belonged to the II phylogenetic lineage, and the majority of the strains belonged to one of the previously described clonal complexes (СCs). More than 60% of the strains belonged to the clonal complex CC7 that prevailed among all sources, including cattle (58%), small ruminants (64%), rodents (71%), and humans (50%). Further, CC7, CC101, and CC124 were found among human isolates. The MLST scheme was supplemented with virulence gene analysis. In total, eight inlA, six inlB, and six inlC allelic variants were found, and all but one strain carried one of the two inlE alleles. Most strains (62.5%) belonged to the same multivirulence locus sequence typing (MvLST) type, which includes CC7, inlA allele 4, inlB allele 14, inlC allele 6, and inlE allele 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Psareva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina Yu Egorova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Elena A Liskova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina V Razheva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Nadezda A Gladkova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Elena V Sokolova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Eugene A Potemkin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Zhurilov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Mikhaleva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute Branch, Samara 443013, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Blokhin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Yaroslava M Chalenko
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis V Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Svetlana А Ermolaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Ferreira da Silva M, Ferreira V, Magalhães R, Almeida G, Alves A, Teixeira P. Detection of premature stop codons leading to truncated internalin A among food and clinical strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Prevalence, serotype diversity, biofilm-forming ability and eradication of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from diverse foods in Shanghai, China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fish, shrimp, and cooked ready-to-eat (RTE) aquatic products in Iran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Twenty Years of Listeria in Brazil: Occurrence of Listeria Species and Listeria monocytogenes Serovars in Food Samples in Brazil between 1990 and 2012. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:540204. [PMID: 26539507 PMCID: PMC4619823 DOI: 10.1155/2015/540204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria spp. isolated from different food products and collected from 12 Brazilian states were sent to the Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonoses (Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil) for identification. The aims of this study were to characterize these isolates, from 1990 to 2012, by using biochemical, morphological, and serotyping tests, and to analyze the distribution of L. monocytogenes serotypes on different food products and geographical locations. Serotyping was performed using polyclonal somatic and flagellar antisera. Of 5953 isolates, 5770 were identified as Listeria spp., from which 3429 (59.4%) were L. innocua, 2248 (38.9%) were L. monocytogenes, and 93 (1.6%) were other Listeria spp. L. innocua was predominantly isolated from 1990 to 2000, while L. monocytogenes was from 2001 to 2012. Regarding the serotype distribution in the foods, serotypes 1/2a and 4b were most common in processed meat and ready-to-eat products, respectively; serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b were the most common in nonprocessed meat. The results above confirm the presence of the main serotypes of L. monocytogenes in different parts of the food chain from three regions of the country and emphasize the importance of improving the control measures, as tolerance zero policy and microbiological surveillance in Brazil.
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The evolution and epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in Europe and the United States. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 35:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Prevalence and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes inlA alleles prone to phase variation and inlA alleles with premature stop codon mutations among human, food, animal, and environmental isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8339-45. [PMID: 26407886 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02752-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Listeria monocytogenes, 18 mutations leading to premature stop codons (PMSCs) in the virulence gene inlA have been identified to date. While most of these mutations represent nucleotide substitutions, a frameshift deletion in a 5' seven-adenine homopolymeric tract (HT) in inlA has also been reported. This HT may play a role in phase variation and was first identified among L. monocytogenes lineage II ribotype DUP-1039C isolates. In order to better understand the distribution of different inlA mutations in this ribotype, a newly developed multiplex real-time PCR assay was used to screen 368 DUP-1039C isolates from human, animal, and food-associated sources for three known 5' inlA HT alleles: (i) wild-type (WT) (A7), (ii) frameshift (FS) (A6), and (iii) guanine interruption (A2GA4) alleles. Additionally, 228 DUP-1039C isolates were screened for all inlA PMSCs; data on the presence of all inlA PMSCs for the other 140 isolates were obtained from previous studies. The statistical analysis based on 191 epidemiologically unrelated strains showed that strains with inlA PMSC mutations (n = 41) were overrepresented among food-associated isolates, while strains encoding full-length InlA (n = 150) were overrepresented among isolates from farm animals and their environments. Furthermore, the A6 allele was overrepresented and the A7 allele was underrepresented among food isolates, while the A6 allele was underrepresented among farm and animal isolates. Our results indicate that genetic variation in inlA contributes to niche adaptation within the lineage II subtype DUP-1039C.
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Ajayeoba TA, Atanda OO, Obadina AO, Bankole MO, Adelowo OO. The incidence and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat vegetables in South-Western Nigeria. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:59-66. [PMID: 26788311 PMCID: PMC4708633 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) vegetables: (Cucumber, Cucumis sativas; Cabbage, Brassica olerecea; Carrot, Daucus carota; Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; Lettuce, Lactuca sativa) in six states in South‐Western Nigeria. A total of 555 composite samples were collected from 30 traditional markets within the states and only 244 L. monocytogenes species were isolated by standard methods. The incidence of L. monocytogenes was low and not statistically significant per vegetable type. The percentage distribution of the L. monocytogenes isolates in the RTE vegetables was 28.28, 9.02, 23.36, 19.67, and 19.67 for Cabbage, Carrot, Cucumber, Lettuce, and Tomatoes, respectively. Lagos state had the highest incidence of L. monocytogenes contamination (55%) followed by Ondo (48.89%), Oyo (48.75%), Ogun (44.09%), Osun (34.38%), and Ekiti (33.33%) states, respectively. Although the incidence of L. monocytogenes in the RTE vegetables in South‐Western Nigeria is low, its presence should be a source of concern as it could constitute a public health threat for its consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo A Ajayeoba
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Food and Human Ecology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Ogun-State Nigeria
| | - Olusegun O Atanda
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied Sciences McPherson University Km 96, Lagos- Ibadan Expressway Seriki-Sotayo Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Adewale O Obadina
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Food and Human Ecology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Ogun-State Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji O Bankole
- Department of Microbiology College of Biosciences Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Ogun-State Nigeria
| | - Olawale O Adelowo
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
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Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Barbuddhe S, Malik SVS, Singh RK. Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2015; 35:211-35. [PMID: 26073265 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1063023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. It is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis with the incubation period varying with the form of infection. L. monocytogenes has been isolated worldwide from humans, animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and infection is mainly transmitted through foods in humans and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- b Division of Bacteriology and Mycology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology , College of Veterinary Sciences , Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- d Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- e Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex for Goa , Old Goa, Goa 403402, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- f Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
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16
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Wang G, Qian W, Zhang X, Wang H, Ye K, Bai Y, Zhou G. Prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat meat products in Nanjing, China. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Jami M, Ghanbari M, Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Listeria monocytogenesin Aquatic Food Products-A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Jami
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghanbari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Marija Zunabovic
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
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Ribeiro VB, Mujahid S, Orsi RH, Bergholz TM, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ, Destro MT. Contributions of σ(B) and PrfA to Listeria monocytogenes salt stress under food relevant conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 177:98-108. [PMID: 24631633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is well known to survive and grow under several stress conditions, including salt stress, which is important for growth in certain foods as well as for host infection. To characterize the contributions, to salt stress response, of transcriptional regulators important for stress response and virulence (i.e., σ(B) and PrfA), we analyzed three L. monocytogenes parent strains and isogenic mutants (ΔsigB, ΔprfA, and ΔsigBΔprfA), representing different serotypes and lineages, for their ability to grow, at 25°C, in BHI with 1.9 M NaCl. With regard to growth rate, only the lineage IV strain presented a significant difference between the parent strain and both of its respective mutants lacking prfA (ΔprfA and ΔsigBΔprfA). Conversely, the lineage I and II parent strains showed significantly shorter lag phase in comparison to their respective ΔsigB mutant strains. Intestinal epithelial cell invasion assay and hemolytic activity assays showed a significant role for σ(B) in the former and for PrfA in the latter. To explore the mechanism that may contribute to the extended lag phase in the ΔsigB mutant strain and survival and growth of the parent strain upon salt shock, whole genome transcription profiling was performed to compare transcript levels between the lineage I, serotype 1/2b, parent strain and its isogenic ΔsigB mutant after 30 min of lag phase growth at 25°C in the presence of 1.9M NaCl (salt shock) without aeration. Microarray data showed significantly higher transcript levels for 173 genes in the parent strain as compared to the ΔsigB strain. Overall, 102 of the 173 σ(B) up-regulated genes had been identified in previous studies, indicating that 71 genes were newly identified as being up-regulated by σ(B) in this study. We hypothesize that, among these genes newly identified as σ(B) up-regulated, four genes (lmo2174, lmo0530, lmo0527 and lmo0529) may play a major role in response to salt stress. Lmo2174 contains domains that facilitate sensing and producing a transduction signal in the form of cyclic di-GMP, which may activate the enzymes Lmo0527, Lmo0529 and Lmo0530, which encode proteins similar to those responsible for synthesis of exopolysaccharides that may protect the cell by changing the cell wall structure during salt stress. Overall, our data showed that σ(B), but not PrfA, contributes to growth under salt stress. Moreover, we show that the σ(B) regulon of a L. monocytogenes lineage I strain challenged with salt shock includes salt stress-specific as well as previously unidentified σ(B) up-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - S Mujahid
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - R H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - T M Bergholz
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - M Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - K J Boor
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - M T Destro
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Human isolates ofListeria monocytogenesin Sweden during half a century (1958–2010). Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:2251-60. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIsolates ofListeria monocytogenes(n = 932) isolated in Sweden during 1958–2010 from human patients with invasive listeriosis were characterized by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (AscI). Of the 932 isolates, 183 different PFGE types were identified, of which 83 were each represented by only one isolate. In all, 483 serovar 1/2a isolates were distributed over 114 PFGE types; 90 serovar 1/2b isolates gave 32 PFGE types; 21 serovar 1/2c isolates gave nine PFGE types; three serovar 3b isolates gave one PFGE type; and, 335 serovar 4b isolates gave 31 PFGE types. During the 1980s in Sweden, several serovar 4b cases were associated with the consumption of European raw soft cheese. However, as cheese-production hygiene has improved, the number of 4b cases has decreased. Since 1996, serovar 1/2a has been the dominantL. monocytogenesserovar in human listeriosis in Sweden. Therefore, based on current serovars and PFGE types, an association between human cases of listeriosis and the consumption of vacuum-packed gravad and cold-smoked salmon is suggested.
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20
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Zhang W, Wang X, Xia X, Yang B, Xi M, Meng J. Isolation and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Retail Foods in Shaanxi Province, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:867-72. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meili Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Tham W, Lopez-Valladares G, Helmersson S, Wennström S, Österlund A, Danielsson-Tham ML. Occurrence of genetic variants of Listeria monocytogenes strains. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:825-6. [PMID: 23988078 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes saved from outbreaks of listeriosis, cases of sporadic listeriosis, and similar events do not always belong to a solitary genetic variant. Variants of the same strain may have evolved from a unique clone, and plasmid loss or gain and phage-mediated genetic changes are suggested as the main mechanism. Some of these reports are summarized in this short communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhem Tham
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts, and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden.
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22
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Lambertz ST, Ivarsson S, Lopez-Valladares G, Sidstedt M, Lindqvist R. Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from retail ready-to-eat foods, processing plants and listeriosis patients in Sweden 2010. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:186-92. [PMID: 23911759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Identification and prioritisation of food safety interventions requires an understanding of the relationship between food, pathogens and cases. Such understanding can be gained through different approaches, e.g. microbial subtyping to attribute cases of foodborne disease to food vehicles or other sources of illness. In this study, Listeria monocytogenes isolates (n=166) from (i) three categories of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, (ii) food processing plant environments, and (iii) human listeriosis cases, all sampled during 2010 in Sweden, were subtyped. In addition, 121 isolates from human listeriosis cases, collected 2005-2009, were subtyped. Subtyping consisted of both serotyping (conventional method and PCR) and genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Serotype 1/2a dominated in all three groups of isolates (range 73-96%). Eighteen percent of the human isolates (2010) belonged to serotype 4b, but only 1.4% of the food isolates. The food isolates differentiated into 19 pulsotypes (ID=0.843), the human isolates collected 2010 into 31 pulsotypes (ID=0.950) and the processing plant isolates into 22 pulsotypes (ID=0.991). Six of the pulsotypes were shared between the food and human isolates. These pulsotypes comprised 42% of the human isolates and 59% of the food isolates. For some processing plants, there was suggested persistence of one or more specific L. monocytogenes strains, as indicated by repetitive isolation of the same pulsotype from food. This study indicated the presence of L. monocytogenes in the processing plant environment as a likely source of contamination of gravad and cold-smoked fish, and this food category as an important source of human exposure to the pathogen.
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Rivoal K, Fablet A, Courtillon C, Bougeard S, Chemaly M, Protais J. Detection of Listeria spp. in liquid egg products and in the egg breaking plants environment and tracking of Listeria monocytogenes by PFGE. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:109-16. [PMID: 23850854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a severe bacterial infection that can lead to meningitis, cerebromeningitis, bacteremia or septicemia, with acute lethality and potentially leading to death. A study has shown that 29.5% of the caged laying hens in France are contaminated by L. monocytogenes (Chemaly et al., 2008). However, very little information regarding egg and egg product contamination is currently available. The objective of this study is to determine the sanitary status of egg products and egg breaking plants in France regarding Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes contaminations. The sampling scheme performed in five egg breaking plants in Western France during one year have revealed that 8.5% of raw egg products were contaminated by L. monocytogenes. No pasteurized egg products have been shown to be contaminated by L. monocytogenes. However, a high level of contamination by Listeria spp., and particularly by L. innocua, has been shown with 26.2% and 1.8% of raw and pasteurized egg products contaminated, respectively. This work has also revealed the presence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the environment of egg breaking plants with 65.1% and 8.0% of contaminated samples, respectively. The typing of 253 isolates of L. monocytogenes by PFGE using ApaI and AscI enzymes has revealed a high diversity with 46 different pulsotypes and has shown that the raw material is a source of contamination of egg breaking plants. One L. monocytogenes cluster was dominant in the 5 egg-breaking plants during the four seasons studied. The issue of which strains are better adapted to egg products must be considered and studied in depth by comparing them to pulsotypes from strains of other chains. However, the traceability of L. monocytogenes in plants during the various seasons has also made it possible to highlight the presence of strains that are specific to egg breaking plants. The study of cleaning and disinfection methods in these plants as well as the recurring bacteria's resistance to disinfectants could provide answers to the egg product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Rivoal
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, BP 53, 22 440 Ploufragan, France.
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Combrouse T, Sadovskaya I, Faille C, Kol O, Guérardel Y, Midelet-Bourdin G. Quantification of the extracellular matrix of the Listeria monocytogenes biofilms of different phylogenic lineages with optimization of culture conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1120-31. [PMID: 23317349 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to quantify the extracellular matrix of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm. A preliminary study was carried out to establish a relationship between phylogenetic lineage of 27 strains and their ability to form biofilm in various conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilm formation on microtitre plates of 27 strains of L. monocytogenes belonging to lineages I or II was evaluated in different conditions [two temperatures (37 and 22°C) and two media (tryptone soy broth yeast extract medium (TSBYE) and MCDB 202 defined medium)] using crystal violet assay. Lineage II strains produced significantly more biofilm than lineage I strains. In microtitre plates assay, biofilm quantities were greater in MCDB 202 vs TSBYE medium [confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis] and at 37 vs 22°C. Cultivable bacteria from biofilm population on Petri dishes were enumerated in greater quantities in TSBYE than in MCDB 202 medium. The SEM investigation established that L. monocytogenes biofilms produce extracellular matrix in both media at 37°C. The amount of exopolymers in the extracellular matrix and the pH values were significantly higher in TSBYE than in MCDB 202 medium. The exception was the ScottA strain that presented similar pH values and exopolymer contents in both media. Proteins were the most abundant exopolymer components, followed by DNA and polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The interpretation of results of biofilm quantification was depending on the growth conditions, the viability of the bacteria and the analysis method. The quantities of proteins, DNA and polysaccharides were different according to the strains and the medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study screened the potential of a wide panel of L. monocytogenes strains to synthesize exopolymers in biofilm growing condition. The characterization of L. monocytogenes biofilm composition may help to develop new strategies to prevent the formation of biofilms and to remove the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Combrouse
- Université Lille1, UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Kalekar S, Rodrigues J, D'Costa D, Doijad S, Ashok Kumar J, Malik SVS, Kalorey DR, Rawool DB, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Barbuddhe SB. Genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans in India. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:351-8. [PMID: 21929876 DOI: 10.1179/1364859411y.0000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen associated with severe diseases in humans and animals. The genotypic analysis of 17 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from humans in India during 2006-2009 using multiplex serotyping PCR allowing serovar predictions, conventional serology and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is presented. The isolates were recovered from patients exhibiting various clinical conditions. A multiplex-PCR based serotyping assay revealed 88·24% (15/17) of the strains belonging to the serovar group 4b, 4d, 4e and 11·76% (2/17) to the serovar group 1/2b, 3b. Conventional serology indicated that 13 (76·47%) L. monocytogenes isolates to be of serotype 4b, 2 (11·76%) serotype 4d, and 2 (11·76%) serotype 1/2b. Ten ApaI and nine AscI pulsotypes were recognized among the 17 human isolates. PFGE analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of the same serotype and among isolates from the same sampling areas or those isolated from different areas. Thus, PFGE together with multiplex-PCR serotyping allows rapid discrimination of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the predominance of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b is of concern, as this serotype has been most frequently associated with human listeriosis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalekar
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa, India
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Yan H, Neogi SB, Mo Z, Guan W, Shen Z, Zhang S, Li L, Yamasaki S, Shi L, Zhong N. Prevalence and characterization of antimicrobial resistance of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes isolates in Hebei province of Northern China, 2005-2007. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 144:310-6. [PMID: 21074885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 2177 food samples collected from nine cities in northern China during 2005 to 2007 were screened for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. All L. monocytogenes isolates were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), as well as PCR screening to identify genes responsible for tetracycline resistance [tet(L), tet(M), tet(K), tet(S) and tet(B)], transposon Tn916, and class 1 integron. Contamination with L. monocytogenes was detected in 4.13% (90/2177) of the total samples representing various food products. The pathogen was mainly isolated from frozen food made of wheat flour or rice products (26/252, 10.32%) and raw meat products (46/733, 6.28%). Besides, 3.31% (10/302) of cooked meat, 1.17% (4/343) of seafood, 0.98% (2/204) of non-fermented bean products and 0.62% (2/323) of vegetables samples were contaminated by this bacterium. The L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to five serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 4b, and 3a), with serotype 1/2a being dominant (48.88%). Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently observed for ciprofloxacin (17.8%), tetracycline (15.6%) and streptomycin (12.2%). Overall, resistance was observed against 14 out of 18 antimicrobials tested while multiple resistances occurred among 18.9% (17/90) isolates. Interestingly, two isolates were resistant to more than five antimicrobials. Among 14 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 13 carried tet(M) gene including nine possessing Tn916, and one harbored tet(S) gene. PFGE analysis revealed genetic heterogeneity among individual serotypes as well as scattered occurrence of some genotypes without any clear-cut correlation to source or food type. The widespread distribution of epidemiologically important serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4b) of L. monocytogenes, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics indicate a potential public health risk. Our data also indicate that L. monocytogenes could act as a reservoir of mobile tet genes along the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Blatter S, Giezendanner N, Stephan R, Zweifel C. Phenotypic and molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from the processing environment and products of a sandwich-producing plant. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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den Bakker HC, Fortes ED, Wiedmann M. Multilocus sequence typing of outbreak-associated Listeria monocytogenes isolates to identify epidemic clones. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:257-65. [PMID: 19911921 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen found in a wide variety of environments. Subtype characterization of L. monocytogenes isolates from listeriosis outbreaks that have occurred over the last three decades has suggested that a number of outbreaks were caused by a small number of L. monocytogenes epidemic clones (ECs). In this study we compared the prevalence, ecology, and phylogenetic position of outbreak-associated isolates and non-outbreak-associated isolates to probe the evolutionary and ecological characteristics of outbreak-associated L. monocytogenes subtypes, including those representing previously described ECs. METHODS Multilocus sequence typing data for isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks in Europe and North America were generated and compared, using a phylogenetic framework, with 180 isolates representing a local sampling of diverse sources, including human sporadic cases. RESULTS Isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks represented eight sequence types (STs). STs corresponding to previously designated ECI (ST1 and ST93) and ECIa (ST29) represented isolates from eight outbreaks. ST17 (corresponding to ECII) was involved in two outbreaks in the United States (1998 and 2002). No other STs were involved in multiple outbreaks. While ST1 was the most common ST among sporadic human cases and non-human listeriosis-related isolates, ST29 was rare among non-human listeriosis-related isolates and was significantly overrepresented among isolates from human listeriosis outbreaks and sporadic cases as compared to isolates from other sources in our local sampling. CONCLUSIONS STs associated with outbreaks (and representing previously designated ECs) appear to differ in their ecology. While association of ECI with multiple human listeriosis outbreaks appears to reflect strain abundance across environments, ECIa seems to represent an L. monocytogenes EC that appears to be overrepresented among outbreaks and sporadic cases and thus may have increased transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk C den Bakker
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Peiris IP, Lopez-Valladares G, Parihar VS, Helmersson S, Barbuddhe S, Tham W, Danielsson-Tham ML. Gravad (Gravlax) and cold-smoked salmon, still a potential source of listeriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0159.2008.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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