1
|
Deligeorgakis C, Magro C, Skendi A, Gebrehiwot HH, Valdramidis V, Papageorgiou M. Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4328. [PMID: 38231837 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains serve as the cornerstone of global nutrition, providing a significant portion of humanity's caloric requirements. However, the presence of fungal genera, such Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria, known for their mycotoxin-producing abilities, presents a significant threat to human health due to the adverse effects of these toxins. The primary objective of this study was to identify the predominant fungal contaminants in cereal grains utilized in breadmaking, as well as in flour and bread. Moreover, a systematic review, including meta-analysis, was conducted on the occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in wheat flour from the years 2013 to 2023. The genera most frequently reported were Fusarium, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Among the published reports, the majority focused on the analysis of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which garnered twice as many reports compared to those focusing on Aflatoxins, Zearalenone, and Ochratoxin A. The concentration of these toxins, in most cases determined by HPLC-MS/MS or HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD), was occasionally observed to exceed the maximum limits established by national and/or international authorities. The prevalence of mycotoxins in flour samples from the European Union (EU) and China, as well as in foods intended for infants, exhibited a significant reduction compared to other commercial flours assessed by a meta-analysis investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christodoulos Deligeorgakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christopher Magro
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Adriana Skendi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghafori S, Habibipour R, Bayat S. Optimization of a real-time PCR assay for identification of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger from flour samples: Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Solanki MK, Droby S, Sionov E. The Wheat Microbiome in Relation to Mycotoxin Occurrence in Stored Grain: An Overview. POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56530-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
4
|
Hamzeh Pour S, Khodavaisy S, Mahmoudi S, Vaziri S, Soltan Dallal MM, Oliya S, Getso M, Rezaie S. The effect of royal jelly and propolis alone and in combination on inhibition of
Aspergillus parasiticus
growth, aflatoxin production, and
aflR
gene expression. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Hamzeh Pour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Vaziri
- Department of BiologyPayame Noor University Tehran PO Box 19395‐4697 Iran
| | | | - Soniya Oliya
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthQazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Muhammad Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyCollege of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano Nigeria
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Husnain L, AlKahtani M. Molecular heterogeneity in the 18s DNA gene of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. producing mycotoxins in rice and maize grains. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:368-372. [PMID: 31485179 PMCID: PMC6717128 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food contaminated with fungi and their toxins is a problem that threatens many developing countries. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depends on the exported grain and legume seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved examination of 160 samples of rice and maize seeds collected from different locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Heterogeneity in the 18s rRNA gene of toxigenic Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. was unraveled. The seeds were disinfected and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) media and incubated at 25 °C/7 days. The isolated fungi were subjected to 18s rRNA gene sequencing. Five toxins were extracted from maize and rice grains infected with isolated fungi. RESULTS The isolated fungi were identified based on morphological and spores characters as Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. Molecular identification based on18s rDNA barcode' was performed due to its high degree of inter specific variability, conserved primer sites and multi-copy nature in the genome. Fusarium sp. produced the highest detected (2070 μg/kg) fumonisin especially in cereal production season 2011. The collected grain from Dammam recorded the highest percentage (5485.2 g/kg) of toxins. CONCLUSION This work highlights that 50% of samples were found contaminated with toxins in various concentrations which impose a threat for public health and necessitate rapid identification methods for toxigenic fungi such as 18s rDNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Al Husnain
- Princess Nuorah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 376382, Riyadh 11335, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera AlKahtani
- Princess Nuorah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 102275, Riyadh 11675, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sabillón L, Bianchini A. From Field to Table: A Review on the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Wheat-Based Products. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-15-0126-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sabillón
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Andréia Bianchini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gherbawy Y, Elhariry H, Kocsubé S, Bahobial A, Deeb BE, Altalhi A, Varga J, Vágvölgyi C. Molecular Characterization of BlackAspergillusSpecies from Onion and Their Potential for Ochratoxin A and Fumonisin B2 Production. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:414-23. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youssuf Gherbawy
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elhariry
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Abdulaziz Bahobial
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahig El Deeb
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Abdulla Altalhi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Armorini S, Altafini A, Zaghini A, Roncada P. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in conventional and organic flour in Italy and the role of sampling. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Solorzano CD, Abbas HK, Zablotowicz RM, Chang PK, Jones WA. Genetic variability of Aspergillus flavus isolates from a Mississippi corn field. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:356059. [PMID: 25478591 PMCID: PMC4244913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/356059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain, K49, is currently being tested as a biological control agent in corn fields in the Mississippi Delta. However, little is known about the overall genetic diversity of A. flavus from year to year in corn fields and specifically in Mississippi. Our objective was to assess the genetic variability of A. flavus isolates from different seasons, inoculum sources, and years, from a no-till corn field. Of the 175 A. flavus isolates examined, 74 and 97 had the typical norB-cypA type I (1.5 kb) and type II (1.0 kb) deletion patterns, respectively. Variability in the sequence of the omtA gene of the majority of the field isolates (n = 118) was compared to strain K49. High levels of haplotypic diversity (24 omtA haplotypes; Hd = 0.61 ± 0.04) were found. Among the 24 haplotypes, two were predominant, H1 (n = 71), which consists of mostly toxigenic isolates, and H49 (n = 18), which consists of mostly atoxigenic isolates including K49. Toxigenic isolates were prevalent (60%) in this natural population. Nonetheless, about 15% of the population likely shared the same ancestral origin with K49. This study provides valuable information on the diversity of A. flavus. This knowledge can be further used to develop additional biological control strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar D. Solorzano
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Hamed K. Abbas
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Robert M. Zablotowicz
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Perng-Kuang Chang
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Walker A. Jones
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta R, Srivastava S. Antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs LR14) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum strain LR/14 and their applications in prevention of grain spoilage. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
Gherbawy YA, Elhariry HM, Bahobial AAS. Mycobiota and Mycotoxins (Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin) Associated with Some Saudi Date Palm Fruits. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:561-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youssuf A. Gherbawy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. Elhariry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdul Aziz S. Bahobial
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gashgari RM, Shebany YM, Gherbawy YA. Molecular Characterization of Ochratoxigenic Fungi Associated with Raisins. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1221-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rukaia M. Gashgari
- Girls Branch, Science College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassmin M. Shebany
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Youssuf A. Gherbawy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|