1
|
Fundneider-Kale S, Kerres J, Engelhart M. Impact of benzalkonium chloride on anaerobic granules and its long-term effects on reactor performance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135183. [PMID: 39024763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the inhibitory and performance-degrading effects induced by the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) on anaerobic granules during the long-term operation of a laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. To address the critical scientific problem of how BAC affects the efficiency of EGSB reactors, this research uniquely evaluated the long-term stress response to BAC by systematically comparing continuous and discontinuous inhibitor exposure scenarios. The novel comparison demonstrated that inhibitor concentration is of minor relevance compared to the biomass-specific cumulative inhibitor load in the reactor. After exceeding a critical biomass-specific cumulative inhibitor load of 6.1-6.5 mg BAC/g VS, continuous and discontinuous exposure to BAC caused comparable significant deterioration in reactor performance, including accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), decreased removal efficiency, reduced methane production, as well as the wash-out, flotation, and disintegration of anaerobic granules. BAC exposures had a more detrimental effect on methanogenesis than on acidogenesis. Moreover, long-term stress by BAC led to an inhibition of protein production, resulting in a decreased protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that promoted destabilizing effects on the granules. Finally, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was triggered. Reactor performance could not be restored due to the severe loss of granular sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fundneider-Kale
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - J Kerres
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Engelhart
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
James C, James SJ, Onarinde BA, Dixon RA, Williams N. A Critical Review of AMR Risks Arising as a Consequence of Using Biocides and Certain Metals in Food Animal Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1569. [PMID: 37998771 PMCID: PMC10668721 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review was to assess what evidence exists on whether, and to what extent, the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitizers) and certain metals (used in feed and other uses) in animal production (both land and aquatic) leads to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain. A comprehensive literature search identified 3434 publications, which after screening were reduced to 154 relevant publications from which some data were extracted to address the focus of the review. The review has shown that there is some evidence that biocides and metals used in food animal production may have an impact on the development of AMR. There is clear evidence that metals used in food animal production will persist, accumulate, and may impact on the development of AMR in primary animal and food production environments for many years. There is less evidence on the persistence and impact of biocides. There is also particularly little, if any, data on the impact of biocides/metal use in aquaculture on AMR. Although it is recognized that AMR from food animal production is a risk to human health there is not sufficient evidence to undertake an assessment of the impact of biocide or metal use on this risk and further focused in-field studies are needed provide the evidence required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian James
- Formerly Food Refrigeration & Process Engineering Research Centre (FRPERC), Grimsby Institute, Nuns Corner, Grimsby DN34 5BQ, UK;
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing (NCFM), University of Lincoln, South Lincolnshire Food Enterprise Zone, Peppermint Way, Holbeach PE12 7FJ, UK;
| | - Stephen J. James
- Formerly Food Refrigeration & Process Engineering Research Centre (FRPERC), Grimsby Institute, Nuns Corner, Grimsby DN34 5BQ, UK;
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing (NCFM), University of Lincoln, South Lincolnshire Food Enterprise Zone, Peppermint Way, Holbeach PE12 7FJ, UK;
| | - Bukola A. Onarinde
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing (NCFM), University of Lincoln, South Lincolnshire Food Enterprise Zone, Peppermint Way, Holbeach PE12 7FJ, UK;
| | - Ronald A. Dixon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK;
| | - Nicola Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim S, Chang Y. Anti-Salmonella polyvinyl alcohol coating containing a virulent phage PBSE191 and its application on chicken eggshell. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Girgis G, McBride H, Boyle B, Araba M, Bodle B, Lohrmann T. Effects of a synbiotic combination of Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall-derived glucomannan on cecal colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in layer chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
5
|
Beier RC, Andrews K, Hume ME, Sohail MU, Harvey RB, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Anderson RC. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and ST398-MRSA and ST5-MRSA Strains from Swine Mandibular Lymph Node Tissue, Commercial Pork Sausage Meat and Swine Feces. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112401. [PMID: 34835526 PMCID: PMC8621428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Disinfectants are used throughout the food chain for pathogenic bacteria control. We investigated S. aureus bioavailability in swine Mandibular lymph node tissue (MLT) and pork sausage meat (PSM), established susceptibility values for S. aureus to disinfectants, and determined the multilocus sequence type of MRSA strains. Antimicrobial and disinfectant susceptibility profiles were determined for 164 S. aureus strains isolated from swine feces (n = 63), MLT (n = 49) and PSM (n = 52). No antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was detected to daptomycin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, and tigecycline, while high AMR prevalence was determined to erythromycin (50.6%), tylosin tartrate (42.7%), penicillin (72%), and tetracycline (68.9%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, ST398 (n = 6) and ST5 (n = 1), were found in the MLT and PSM, 4 MRSA in MLT and 3 MRSA strains in the PSM. About 17.5% of feces strains and 41.6% of MLT and PSM strains were resistant to chlorhexidine. All strains were susceptible to triclosan and benzalkonium chloride, with no cross-resistance between antimicrobials and disinfectants. Six MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 18 disinfectants. The use of formaldehyde and tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane in DC&R was not effective, which can add chemicals to the environment. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride were equally effective disinfectants. ST398 and ST5 MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 75% of the disinfectants tested. This study establishes susceptibility values for S. aureus strains from swine feces, mandibular lymph node tissue, and commercial pork sausage against 24 disinfectants. Since it was demonstrated that S. aureus and MRSA strains can be found deep within swine lymph node tissue, it may be beneficial for the consumer if raw swine lymph node tissue is not used in uncooked food products and pork sausage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Beier
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Michael E. Hume
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wales A, Taylor E, Davies R. Review of food grade disinfectants that are permitted for use in egg packing centres. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.1990741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wales
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Emma Taylor
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Robert Davies
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu K, Obianwuna UE, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Wu SG. Effects of Selenium Conjugated to Insect Protein on Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol and Enrofloxacin in Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:745565. [PMID: 34708103 PMCID: PMC8542898 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.745565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of increasing awareness on the dietary supplementation of organic selenium in commercial poultry production and ensuring safe egg production, the present study investigated the effects of selenium on the pharmacokinetics of the therapeutic use of florfenicol and enrofloxacin from perspectives of laying performance, selenium deposition in eggs, and drug residue in plasma, organs, and eggs. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two kinds of drugs (florfenicol vs. enrofloxacin, 200 mg/kg) and three levels of dietary organic selenium SCIP (selenium conjugated to insect protein) (0, 2, and 5 mg/kg) was designed together with a blank control group. Healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 252, 40-week-old and 90.0 ± 1.7% of egg production rate) were randomly allocated into one of seven treatments with six replicates and six hens per replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days and consisted of three periods (adjusted stage, depositional stage, and eliminating stage) of 14 days each. These stages entail feeding of the laying hens with basal diets, addition of drugs and selenium synchronously into the diets, drug withdrawal from diet, and supply of selenium uninterruptedly in the diet. Egg production and feed intake were recorded on daily and weekly bases, respectively. The selenium content in egg yolk, egg white, and whole eggs and the drug residues in eggs, plasma, liver, kidney, and breast muscle were determined on days 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 14 of the depositional and eliminating stages. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in egg production among the dietary treatments, but feed intake decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the drug treatment group compared to other groups. Dietary organic selenium decreased the residue of drugs in tissues and eggs, while the metabolism and deposition of selenium in laying hens were suppressed due to drug effects. The results of the present study are of significance to enrich the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and enrofloxacin in laying hens and ensure the quality of poultry products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salmonella enterica Serovar Minnesota Biofilms, Susceptibility to Biocides, and Molecular Characterization. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050581. [PMID: 34064554 PMCID: PMC8150743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of virulence genes, phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation index (BFI), and ultrastructure in S. Minnesota at different temperatures (4, 25, and 36 °C) were analyzed. In addition, the ability of biocidal agents (chlorhexidine1%, sodium hypochlorite 1%, and peracetic acid 0.8%) to inhibit biofilms formed by 20 strains isolated from broiler slaughter plants from two Brazilian companies in 2009, 2010, and 2014 was determined. The presence of specific genes was evaluated by PCR and phylogeny between strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The BFI was determined using tryptone soy broth with 5% of chicken juice, and its structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of specific genes indicated that S. Minnesota has the potential to cause disease in humans, adapting to adverse conditions. Temperatures of 25 and 36 °C favored biofilm formation, although at 4 °C, there was still biomass that could contaminate the final product. Tolerance to all biocides was identified in 12/20 (60%), representing a real risk of adaptation mechanisms development, especially regarding to resistance to sodium hypochlorite. Phylogenetic analysis indicated cross-contamination and spread among companies, which was probably related to biofilms formation. Results show the necessity of attention to this serovar considering its resistance to sodium hypochlorite, including the need for rigorous control, adopting low temperatures to prevent biofilms formation in the poultry industry.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cota JB, Carvalho AC, Dias I, Reisinho A, Bernardo F, Oliveira M. Salmonella spp. in Pet Reptiles in Portugal: Prevalence and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Antimicrobial Efficacy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:324. [PMID: 33808891 PMCID: PMC8003820 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of human Salmonella infections is associated with direct contact with reptiles, yet the number of reptile-associated Salmonellosis cases are believed to be underestimated. Existing data on Salmonella spp. transmission by reptiles in Portugal is extremely scarce. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pet reptiles (snakes, turtles, and lizards), as well as evaluate the isolates' antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles, including their ability to form biofilm in the air-liquid interface. Additionally, the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the isolates was tested. Salmonella was isolated in 41% of the animals sampled and isolates revealed low levels of antimicrobial resistance. Hemolytic and lypolytic phenotypes were detected in all isolates. The majority (90.63%) of the Salmonella isolates were positive for the formation of pellicle in the air-liquid interface. Results indicate chlorhexidine gluconate is an effective antimicrobial agent, against the isolates in both their planktonic and biofilm forms, demonstrating a bactericidal effect in 84.37% of the Salmonella isolates. This study highlights the possible role of pet reptiles in the transmission of non-typhoidal Salmonella to humans, a serious and increasingly relevant route of exposure in the Salmonella public health framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João B. Cota
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.C.); (I.D.); (A.R.); (F.B.); (M.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility studies of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni isolated from the litter of broiler chicken houses. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1024-1033. [PMID: 33518061 PMCID: PMC7858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is an ongoing problem worldwide and is caused by bacteria that invade the food chain from the farm, slaughter house, restaurant or grocery, or in the home and can be controlled by strategies using biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants). Susceptibility profiles were determined for 96 Campylobacter jejuni strains obtained in 2011-2012 from broiler chicken house environments to antimicrobials and disinfectants as per the methods of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and TREK Diagnostics using CAMPY AST Campylobacter plates. Low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in C. jejuni strains to tetracycline (TET; 21.9%), ciprofloxacin (CIP; 13.5%), and nalidixic acid (NAL; 12.5%). The resistance profiles had a maximum of 3 antimicrobials, CIP-NAL-TET, with TET being the main profile observed. No cross-resistance was observed between antimicrobials and disinfectants. The C. jejuni strains (99%) were resistant to triclosan, 32% were resistant to chlorhexidine, and they all were susceptible to benzalkonium chloride. The strains had low-level minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to the disinfectants P-128, Food Service Sanitizer, F-25 Sanitizer, Final Step 512 Sanitizer, OdoBan, dioctyldimethylammmonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (C10AC), benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (C12BAC), and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (C14BAC). Intermediate MICs against DC&R, cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with elevated intermediate MICs against Tek-Trol, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane (THN), and formaldehyde. The highest MIC were obtained for povidone-iodine. The components THN and the benzylammonium chlorides C12BAC and C14BAC were responsible for the inhibition by DC&R. The components C10AC and C12BAC may act synergistically causing inhibition of C. jejuni by the disinfectant P-128. The formaldehyde component in DC&R was not effective against C. jejuni compared with the ammonium chloride components. Its use in disinfectants may result in additional unnecessary chemicals in the environment. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is the most effective ammonium chloride component against C. jejuni.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rhouma M, Romero-Barrios P, Gaucher ML, Bhachoo S. Antimicrobial resistance associated with the use of antimicrobial processing aids during poultry processing operations: cause for concern? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3279-3296. [PMID: 32744054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global issue and a threat to human and animal health. Contamination of poultry carcasses with meat-borne pathogens represents both an economic and a public health concern. The use of antimicrobial processing aids (APA) during poultry processing has contributed to an improvement in the microbiological quality of poultry carcasses. However, the extensive use of these decontaminants has raised concerns about their possible role in the co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This topic is presented in the current review to provide an update on the information related to bacterial adaptation to APA used in poultry processing establishments, and to discuss the relationship between APA bacterial adaptation and the acquisition of a new resistance phenotype to therapeutic antimicrobials by bacteria. Common mechanisms such as active efflux and changes in membrane fluidity are the most documented mechanisms responsible for bacterial cross-resistance to APA and antimicrobials. Although most studies reported a bacterial resistance to antibiotics not reaching a clinical level, the under-exposure of bacteria to APA remains a concern in the poultry industry. Further research is needed to determine if APA used during poultry processing and therapeutic antimicrobials share common sites of action in bacteria and encounter similar mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mourão J, Rebelo A, Ribeiro S, Peixe L, Novais C, Antunes P. Tolerance to arsenic contaminant among multidrug‐resistant and copper‐tolerant
Salmonella
successful clones is associated with diverse
ars
operons and genetic contexts. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2829-2842. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Andreia Rebelo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Scientific Area of Environmental HealthSchool of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Sofia Ribeiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng G, Ning J, Ahmed S, Huang J, Ullah R, An B, Hao H, Dai M, Huang L, Wang X, Yuan Z. Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:158. [PMID: 31649815 PMCID: PMC6805589 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Cheng
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianan Ning
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junhong Huang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- 3State key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Boyu An
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Haihong Hao
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Menghong Dai
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lingli Huang
- 2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xu Wang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China.,2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beier RC, Byrd JA, Caldwell D, Andrews K, Crippen TL, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Inhibition and Interactions of Campylobacter jejuni from Broiler Chicken Houses with Organic Acids. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E223. [PMID: 31366094 PMCID: PMC6722939 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that causes major diarrheal disease worldwide and is also one of the top five foodborne pathogens encountered in the United States. Poultry is a major source of C. jejuni, and a high-risk factor for contracting campylobacteriosis. Organic acids are used in the United States during food animal processing for removal of bacterial contamination from animal carcasses. Six organic acids were evaluated in inhibition studies of 96 C. jejuni strains obtained from shoe covers used in broiler chicken houses at different poultry farms in several states by determining the susceptibilities of the C. jejuni strains, along with the pH values at the molar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICMs). The undissociated and dissociated organic acid concentrations were calculated at the MICMs with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The results for the 96 C. jejuni strains were treated similarly for each different organic acid. Campylobacter jejuni inhibition did correlate with the dissociated organic acids, but did not correlate with pH or with the undissociated organic acids. When the concentrations of dissociated organic acids decreased, the C. jejuni strains were not disinfected. A carcass wash using organic acids should have the concentration of dissociated acid species carefully controlled. It is suggested to maintain a dissociated acid concentration for propionic, l-lactic, formic, citric, butyric, and acetic acids at 24, 40, 36, 21, 23, and 25 mM, respectively, and at these dissociated organic acid levels an acid wash would be expected to remove or inhibit 97% or more of the C. jejuni bacteria studied here. However, studies must be undertaken to confirm that the suggested concentrations of dissociated organic acids are adequate to remove C. jejuni bacteria in the field vs. the laboratory. Due to propionate, l-lactate, formate, butyrate, and acetate being utilized by C. jejuni, these organic acids may not be appropriate for use as a carcass wash to remove C. jejuni surface contamination. Of all tested organic acids, dissociated citric acid was the most efficient at inhibiting C. jejuni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Beier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA.
| | - J Allen Byrd
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| | - Denise Caldwell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| | - Robin C Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| | - David J Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845-4988, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beier RC, Harvey RB, Hernandez CA, Andrews K, Droleskey RE, Hume ME, Davidson MK, Bodeis-Jones S, Young S, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Campylobacter coli Isolated in 1998 to 1999 and 2015 from Swine and Commercial Pork Chops. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1501-1512. [PMID: 31116418 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility profiles were determined for 111 Campylobacter coli strains obtained in 1998 to 1999 and 2015 from market age pigs and pork chops against 22 disinfectants and 9 antimicrobials. Resistance to tetracycline (TET) was observed in 44.4% of 1998 to 1999 strains, and the antibiotic resistance profile was TET. But strains obtained in 2015 from swine and retail pork chops had 75% TET resistance and the antibiotic resistance profile was TET, followed by azithromycin-erythromycin-TET-telithromycin-clindamycin. Antimicrobial resistance increased in 2015 strains. All strains were resistant to triclosan, and 84.1% and 95.8% of strains in 1998 to 1999 and 2015, respectively, were chlorhexidine resistant. All strains were susceptible to benzalkonium chloride. There was a shift toward higher susceptibility to chlorhexidine, triclosan, P-128, OdoBan, CPB, and CPC in 2015 swine and pork chop strains compared with 1998 to 1999 strains. The disinfectants Tek-Trol and providone-iodine, tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane (THN) and formaldehyde demonstrated the highest susceptibilities. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (C10AC) appeared to be about equally effective as benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (C14BAC) for inhibiting C. coli, and both were more effective than C8AC and C12BAC, but C16BAC was not efficient at inhibiting C. coli. The BACs, C12BAC and C14BAC, were the most effective ingredients in DC&R. Also, C12BAC and C14BAC, or these two in synergy with C10AC were responsible for inhibition of C. coli at high P-128 MICs. No cross-resistance was observed between antibiotics and disinfectants. The continued use of THN and formaldehyde in DC&R should be evaluated since these components are not effective, and their inclusion adds unwanted chemicals in the environment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Campylobacter species cause diarrheal disease throughout the world. Disinfectants are often used on the farm, in veterinary medicine, by the food processing industry, in restaurants, and in consumer's homes. Limited information is available in the literature showing how disinfectants or disinfectant components may affect the many different foodborne pathogens, and, specifically, Campylobacter coli studied here. The knowledge generated in this study concerning the interactions of a broad array of disinfectants against C. coli may well affect the types of disinfectants and disinfectant formulations allowable for use by medical personnel, producers, food processors, restaurants, and consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Beier
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Roger B Harvey
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Charles A Hernandez
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Robert E Droleskey
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Michael E Hume
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Maureen K Davidson
- USFDA, Office of Research, CVM, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Sonya Bodeis-Jones
- USFDA, Office of Research, CVM, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Shenia Young
- USFDA, Office of Research, CVM, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Robin C Anderson
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - David J Nisbet
- USDA-ARS, SPARC, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maciel MJ, Machado G, Avancini CAM. Investigation of resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from products and raw material of animal origin (swine and poultry)to antibiotics and disinfectants. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-9940200162019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The genus Salmonella spp. Has worldwide geographical distribution, and represents a potential risk both to animal and human health. Inadequate use as well as continuous exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants might lead to the appearance of resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of resistance in Salmonella spp., isolated from products and raw material of animal origin (swine and poultry), to antibiotics and disinfectants, and check whether the phenomenon of simultaneous resistance to disinfectants occurs among the antibiotic-resistant isolates. The test of susceptibility to antimicrobials (TSA) applied in 134 isolates indicated that 51 (38%) were resistant to at least one of the eight antibiotics used, and 28 (55%) of resistant isolates were multi-resistant. Resistant isolates were submitted to the test of quantitative suspension against four concentrations of disinfectants in three contact times, and the result was compared with that of the reference strain (Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10.708). While the reference strain was sensitive considering the highest concentration (200 ppm) and the lowest contact time (5 min) as indicators, 12 (24%) isolates were resistant to cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (ammonia quaternary); the reference strain was resistant to chlorhexidine, which also occurred with 22 (43%) of the isolates; similar to the reference strain, all isolates were sensitive/inactivated by sodium hypochlorite and iodophore. There were no significant relations of simultaneous resistance between the antibiotics and the disinfectants tested.
Collapse
|
17
|
Humayoun SB, Hiott LM, Gupta SK, Barrett JB, Woodley TA, Johnston JJ, Jackson CR, Frye JG. An assay for determining the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to commercial and household biocides. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209072. [PMID: 30571686 PMCID: PMC6301668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry and meat products contaminated with Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The food industries use a wide variety of antimicrobial interventions to reduce bacterial contamination. However, little is known about Salmonella susceptibility to these compounds and some studies have shown a concerning link between biocide resistance and antibiotic resistance. To investigate this, a 96 well panel of 17 common household and commercially used biocides was designed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds for Salmonella. The panel contained two-fold serial dilutions of chemicals including Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DC), Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HB), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HC), Acetic acid (AA), Lactic acid (LA), Citric acid (CA), Peroxyacetic acid (PXA), Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), Sodium hypochlorite (SHB), 1,3 dibromo, 5,5 dimethylhydantoin (DBH), Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sodium metasilicate (SM), Trisodium phosphate (TSP), Arsenite (ARI), and Arsenate (ARA). The assay was used to test the susceptibility of 88 multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates from animal sources. Bacteria are defined as multidrug resistant (MDR) if it exhibited non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. The concentration of biocide at which ≥50% of the isolates could not grow was designated as the minimum inhibitory concentration or MIC50 and was used as the breakpoint in this study. The MIC50 (μg ml-1) for the tested MDR Salmonella was 256 for DC, 40 for BKC, 80 for CPC. HB and HC, 1,640 for AA, 5664 for LA, 3,156 for CA, 880 for PXA, 320 for ASC, 3.0 for CHX, 1,248 for DBH, 3,152 (6%) for SHB, 60,320 for SM, 37,712 for TSP, 56 for ARI and 832 for ARA. A few isolates were not susceptible at the MIC50 breakpoint to some chemicals indicating possible resistance. Isolates with MICs of two 2-fold dilutions above the MIC50 were considered resistant. Biocides for which resistant isolates were detected included CPC (n = 1 isolate), HB (1), CA (18), ASC (7), CHX (22), ARA (16), and ARI (4). There was no correlation detected between the biocide susceptibility of Salmonella isolates and antibiotic resistance. This assay can determine the MICs of bacteria to 17 biocides in a single test and will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of biocides and to detect the development of resistance to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen B. Humayoun
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Lari M. Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Sushim K. Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John B. Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Tiffanie A. Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John J. Johnston
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kampf G. Biocidal Agents Used for Disinfection Can Enhance Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E110. [PMID: 30558235 PMCID: PMC6316403 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocidal agents used for disinfection are usually not suspected to enhance cross-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this review was therefore to evaluate the effect of 13 biocidal agents at sublethal concentrations on antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative species. A medline search was performed for each biocidal agent on antibiotic tolerance, antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and efflux pump. In cells adapted to benzalkonium chloride a new resistance was most frequently found to ampicillin (eight species), cefotaxime (six species), and sulfamethoxazole (three species), some of them with relevance for healthcare-associated infections such as Enterobacter cloacae or Escherichia coli. With chlorhexidine a new resistance was often found to ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem (eight species each) as well as cefotaxime and tetracycline (seven species each). Cross-resistance to antibiotics was also found with triclosan, octenidine, sodium hypochlorite, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride. No cross-resistance to antibiotics has been described after low level exposure to ethanol, propanol, peracetic acid, polyhexanide, povidone iodine, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. Taking into account that some biocidal agents used in disinfectants have no health benefit (e.g., in alcohol-based hand rubs) but may cause antibiotic resistance it is obvious to prefer products without them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Kampf
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang C, Shi J, Ma W, Li Z, Wang J, Li J, Wang X. Isolation, characterization, and application of a novel specific Salmonella bacteriophage in different food matrices. Food Res Int 2018; 111:631-641. [PMID: 30007727 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of bacteriophages to eliminate foodborne pathogens in food matrices is an emerging research field. In this study, a promising phage candidate specific for Salmonella strains was screened and its ability to decrease Salmonella counts in some food, such as milk, sausage, and lettuce, was investigated. A total of 58 Salmonella phages were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, sewage near a river, farm ditch near a lake, and poultry house. Among them, phages LPST10, LPST18, and LPST23 were highly efficient in infecting Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. In particular, phage LPST10 could infect all the tested Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis strains with high efficiency. Bacterial challenge tests revealed that phage LPST10 and its combination with phages LPST18 and LPST23 could consistently inhibit the growth of multiple strains. Phage LPST10 presented a lysis time of about 50 min with a burst size of 101 PFU/CFU, exhibited two distinct phases in the one-step growth curve, and was stable at a pH range of 3-13 that corresponds to the pH of most of the foods (pH 3.5-7.5) and at temperatures between 30 °C and 60 °C. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that phage LPST10 belongs to the Siphoviridae family, with an icosahedral head with a diameter of 83.26 nm and tail length and width of approximately 144.89 nm and 10.9 nm, respectively. A significant decrease in the bacterial counts (0.92-5.12 log10 CFU/sample) and an increase in phage titers (0-2.96 log10 PFU/sample) were observed in different food matrices tested. These results demonstrated that phage LPST10 is a promising candidate for controlling Salmonella contamination in foods owing to its safety and effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianchun Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Helke KL, McCrackin MA, Galloway AM, Poole AZ, Salgado CD, Marriott BP. Effects of antimicrobial use in agricultural animals on drug-resistant foodborne salmonellosis in humans: A systematic literature review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:472-488. [PMID: 27602884 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1230088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant meat or dairy-borne non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.S.), Canada, and Denmark from January 2010 to July 2014, 858 articles received title and abstract review, 104 met study criteria for full article review with 68 retained for which data are presented. Antibiotic exposure in both cattle and humans found an increased likelihood of Salmonella colonization, whereas in chickens, animals not exposed to antibiotics (organic) were more likely to be Salmonella positive and those that had antibiotic exposure were more likely to harbor antimicrobial resistant Salmonella organisms. In swine literature, only tylosin exposure was examined and no correlation was found among exposure, Salmonella colonization, or antimicrobial resistance. No studies that identified farm antimicrobial use also traced antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella from farm to fork.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - M A McCrackin
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,b Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Department of Research Service , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley M Galloway
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ann Z Poole
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- d Department of Medicine , Infectious Disease Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,e Department of Psychiatry , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kampf G. Acquired resistance to chlorhexidine – is it time to establish an ‘antiseptic stewardship’ initiative? J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:213-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
22
|
Beier RC, Franz E, Bono JL, Mandrell RE, Fratamico PM, Callaway TR, Andrews K, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Sheffield CL, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of the Big Six Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains from Food Animals and Humans. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1355-70. [PMID: 27497123 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 138 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STECs) from food animals and humans were determined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was moderate (39.1% of strains) in response to 15 antimicrobial agents. Animal strains had a lower AMR prevalence (35.6%) than did human strains (43.9%) but a higher prevalence of the resistance profile GEN-KAN-TET. A decreasing prevalence of AMR was found among animal strains from serogroups O45 > O145 > O121 > O111 > O26 > O103 and among human strains from serogroups O145 > O103 > O26 > O111 > O121 > O45. One animal strain from serogroups O121 and O145 and one human strain from serogroup O26 had extensive drug resistance. A high prevalence of AMR in animal O45 and O121 strains and no resistance or a low prevalence of resistance in human strains from these serogroups suggests a source other than food animals for human exposure to these strains. Among the 24 disinfectants evaluated, all strains were susceptible to triclosan. Animal strains had a higher prevalence of resistance to chlorhexidine than did human strains. Both animal and human strains had a similar low prevalence of low-level benzalkonium chloride resistance, and animal and human strains had similar susceptibility profiles for most other disinfectants. Benzyldimethylammonium chlorides and C10AC were the primary active components in disinfectants DC&R and P-128, respectively, against non-O157 STECs. A disinfectant FS512 MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml was more prevalent among animal O121 strains (61.5%) than among human O121 strains (25%), which may also suggest a source of human exposure to STEC O121 other than food animals. Bacterial inhibition was not dependent solely on pH but was correlated with the presence of dissociated organic acid species and some undissociated acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Beier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Eelco Franz
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - James L Bono
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Robert E Mandrell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Todd R Callaway
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Toni L Poole
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sheffield
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Robin C Anderson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - David J Nisbet
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Randall L, Ridley A, Lemma F, Hale C, Davies R. In vitro investigations into the use of antimicrobials in combination to maintain efficacy of fluoroquinolones in poultry. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:47-53. [PMID: 27663369 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if apramycin, colistin or lincomycin-spectinomycin, in combination with enrofloxacin, was able prevent the emergence of mutants with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics in vitro. MICs were determined for enrofloxacin alone and in combination for panels of Campylobacter (n=37), Escherichia coli (n=52) and Salmonella (n=52) isolates. MIC results suggested that apramycin, colistin and lincomycin-spectinomycin worked in an additive/indifferent way when each was combined with enrofloxacin. Apramycin was considered the most promising antibiotic for combination-therapy in conjunction with enrofloxacin, and further evaluations (MBCs, MPCs and time-kill-curves) were performed for this combination for selected isolates. Results suggest combination-therapy of enrofloxacin with apramycin increases the efficacy, as well as decreasing the emergence and survival of bacteria with mutational resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Such combination-therapy, minimising the development of mutational resistance, may have relevance for Campylobacter, E. coli and Salmonella infections in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Randall
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Anne Ridley
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Fabrizio Lemma
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Carol Hale
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rob Davies
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Long M, Lai H, Deng W, Zhou K, Li B, Liu S, Fan L, Wang H, Zou L. Disinfectant susceptibility of differentSalmonellaserotypes isolated from chicken and egg production chains. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:672-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Long
- College of Resources; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - H. Lai
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - W. Deng
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - K. Zhou
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - B. Li
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - S. Liu
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - L. Fan
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - H. Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; School of Life Science; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - L. Zou
- College of Resources; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Curiao T, Marchi E, Grandgirard D, León-Sampedro R, Viti C, Leib SL, Baquero F, Oggioni MR, Martinez JL, Coque TM. Multiple adaptive routes of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium to biocide and antibiotic exposure. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:491. [PMID: 27411385 PMCID: PMC4943003 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biocides and antibiotics are used to eradicate or prevent the growth of microbial species on surfaces (occasionally on catheters), or infected sites, either in combination or sequentially, raising concerns about the development of co-resistance to both antimicrobial types. The effect of such compounds on Salmonella enterica, a major food-borne and zoonotic pathogen, has been analysed in different studies, but only few works evaluated its biological cost, and the overall effects at the genomic and transcriptomic levels associated with diverse phenotypes resulting from biocide exposure, which was the aim of this work. Results Exposure to triclosan, clorhexidine, benzalkonium, (but not to hypochlorite) resulted in mutants with different phenotypes to a wide range of antimicrobials even unrelated to the selective agent. Most biocide-resistant mutants showed increased susceptibility to compounds acting on the cell wall (β-lactams) or the cell membranes (poly-L-lysine, polymyxin B, colistin or toxic anions). Mutations (SNPs) were found in three intergenic regions and nine genes, which have a role in energy production, amino acids, carbohydrates or lipids metabolism, some of them involved in membrane transport and pathogenicity. Comparative transcriptomics of biocide-resistant mutants showed over-expression of genes encoding efflux pumps (sugE), ribosomal and transcription-related proteins, cold-shock response (cpeE) and enzymes of microaerobic metabolism including those of the phosphotransferase system. Mainly ribosomal, metabolic and pathogenicity-related genes had affected expression in both in vitro-selected biocide mutants and field Salmonella isolates with reduced biocide susceptibility. Conclusions Multiple pathways can be involved in the adaptation of Salmonella to biocides, mainly related with global stress, or involving metabolic and membrane alterations, and eventually causing “collateral sensitivity” to other antimicrobials. These changes might impact the bacterial-environment interaction, imposing significant bacterial fitness costs which may reduce the chances of fixation and spread of biocide resistant mutants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2778-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Curiao
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emmanuela Marchi
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo León-Sampedro
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Martinez
- Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wesgate R, Grasha P, Maillard JY. Use of a predictive protocol to measure the antimicrobial resistance risks associated with biocidal product usage. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:458-64. [PMID: 26810885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we assessed the propensity of biocide exposure in the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. METHODS Our protocol is based on reporting changes in established antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in biocides and antibiotics after during use exposure to a product. The during use exposure reflects worse conditions of product use during application. It differs from the term low concentration, which usually reflects a concentration below the minimal inhibitory concentration, but not necessarily a concentration that occurs in practice. RESULTS Our results showed that exposure to triclosan (0.0004%) was associated with a high risk of developing resistance and cross-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This was not observed with exposure to chlorhexidine (0.00005%) or a hydrogen peroxide-based biocidal product (in during use conditions). Interestingly, exposure to a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.001%) carried a risk of emerging resistance to antibiotics if the presence of the oxidizing agent was maintained. We observed a number of unstable clinical resistances to antibiotics after exposure to the cationic biocide and oxidizing agent, notably to tobramycin and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid. CONCLUSIONS Using a decision tree based on the change in antimicrobial susceptibility test results, we were able to provide information on the effect of biocide exposure on the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Such information should address the call from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Union Biocidal Products Regulation for manufacturers to provide information on antimicrobial resistance and cross-resistance in bacteria after the use of their product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wesgate
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Beier R, Foley S, Davidson M, White D, McDermott P, Bodeis-Jones S, Zhao S, Andrews K, Crippen T, Sheffield C, Poole T, Anderson R, Nisbet D. Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility profiles among Pseudomonas aeruginosa
veterinary isolates recovered during 1994-2003. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:326-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Beier
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - S.L. Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR USA
| | - M.K. Davidson
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - D.G. White
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - P.F. McDermott
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - S. Bodeis-Jones
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - S. Zhao
- Office of Research; Center for Veterinary Medicine; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Laurel MD USA
| | - K. Andrews
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - T.L. Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - C.L. Sheffield
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - T.L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - R.C. Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| | - D.J. Nisbet
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; College Station TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Biocide and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolates obtained before and after cleaning at six Danish pig slaughterhouses. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 181:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Knapp L, Rushton L, Stapleton H, Sass A, Stewart S, Amezquita A, McClure P, Mahenthiralingam E, Maillard JY. The effect of cationic microbicide exposure against Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc); the use of Burkholderia lata
strain 383 as a model bacterium. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Knapp
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - L. Rushton
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - H. Stapleton
- CB Attribution, Detection Department; Applied Microbiology; Porton Down UK
| | - A. Sass
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent; Gent Belgium
| | - S. Stewart
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | - A. Amezquita
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | - P. McClure
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | | | - J.-Y. Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beier RC, Poole TL, Brichta-Harhay DM, Anderson RC, Bischoff KM, Hernandez CA, Bono JL, Arthur TM, Nagaraja TG, Crippen TL, Sheffield CL, Nisbet DJ. Disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from cattle carcasses, feces, and hides and ground beef from the United States. J Food Prot 2013; 76:6-17. [PMID: 23317851 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 344 Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from cattle carcasses, feces, and hides and ground beef from the United States were determined. A low prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed (14%). The highest prevalences of resistance were to sulfisoxazole (10.5%), tetracycline (9.9%), streptomycin (7%), and chloramphenicol (4.9%). Four strains were resistant to eight antibiotics (two strains from ground beef and one strain each from hide and preevisceration carcass swabs of cull cattle at harvest). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the E. coli O157:H7 strains revealed two major groups (designated 1 and 2) composed of 17 and 20 clusters, respectively. Clusters 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1G.1 were associated with multidrug-resistant strains. There was no observed correlation between disinfectant resistance and antibiotic resistance. Sixty-nine (20%) of the 344 strains were resistant to chlorhexidine or benzalkonium chloride or the MICs of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride were elevated. Inducible resistance was observed at elevated concentrations of antibiotics (1.4%) and disinfectants (6.1%). The highest rate of disinfectant inducible resistance was to OdoBan, quaternary ammonium chlorides, and the surface disinfectants F25, FS512, and MG, which are used in dairies, restaurants, and food processing plants. High MICs (1,024 to 4,096 m g/ml) of acetic, lactic, and citric acids were found. The decreasing order of acid potency based on molar MICs (MICs(molar)) was acetic, citric, and lactic acid. The correlation of the concentration of dissociated organic acids and MICs(molar) strongly suggests that the observed inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 was primarily due to dissociated forms of the acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Beier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|