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Tang J, Li X, Li W, Cao C. The Protective Effect of Octanoic Acid on Sepsis: A Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae106. [PMID: 39101596 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammation that occurs in response to a bacterial infection, is a significant medical challenge. Research conducted over the past decade has indicated strong associations among a patient's nutritional status, the composition of their gut microbiome, and the risk, severity, and prognosis of sepsis. Octanoic acid (OA) plays a vital role in combating sepsis and has a protective effect on both animal models and human patients. In this discussion, the potential protective mechanisms of OA in sepsis, focusing on its regulation of the inflammatory response, immune system, oxidative stress, gastrointestinal microbiome and barrier function, metabolic disorders and malnutrition, as well as organ dysfunction are explored. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which OA act may pave the way for new preventive and therapeutic approaches to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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Hu Z, Liu L, Guo F, Huang J, Qiao J, Bi R, Huang J, Zhang K, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary supplemental coated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves growth performance and gut health along with reduces Salmonella load of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 37391807 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing Salmonella infection in broiler chickens by using effective and safe alternatives to antibiotics is vital to provide safer poultry meat and minimize the emergence of drug-resistant Salmonella and the spread of salmonellosis to humans. This study was to first evaluate the protective efficacy of feeding coated essential oils and organic acids mixture (EOA) on broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE), and then its action mechanism was further explored. METHODS A total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were randomly assigned into five treatments with six replicates, including non-challenged control fed with basal diet (A), SE-challenged control (B), and SE-infected birds fed a basal diet with 300 mg/kg of EOA (BL), 500 mg/kg of EOA (BM) and 800 mg/kg of EOA (BH), respectively. All birds on challenged groups were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis on d 13. RESULTS: Feeding EOA showed a reversed ability on negative effects caused by SE infection, as evidenced by decreasing the feed conversion rate (FCR) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) (P < 0.05), obviously decreasing intestinal and internal organs Salmonella load along with increasing cecal butyric acid-producing bacteria abundance (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental different levels of EOA notably up-regulated claudin-1 (CLDN-1), occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), mucin-2 (MUC-2), fatty acid binding protein-2 (FABP-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in the ileum of the infected chickens after challenge, whereas down-regulated toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis combined effect size measurements analysis (LEfSe) showed that the relative abundance of g_Butyricicoccus, g_Anaerotruncus and g_unclassified_f_Bacillaceae significantly was enriched in infected birds given EOA. Also, phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis showed that alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were significantly enriched in the EOA group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the essential oils and organic acids mixture can be used as an effective strategy to ameliorate and alleviate Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Shanghai Meinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Shandong Heyi Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Stewart J, Pavic A. Advances in enteropathogen control throughout the meat chicken production chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2346-2407. [PMID: 37038302 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogens, namely Salmonella and Campylobacter, are a concern in global public health and have been attributed in numerous risk assessments to a poultry source. During the last decade, a large body of research addressing this problem has been published. The literature reviewed contains review articles on certain aspects of poultry production chain; however, in the past decade there has not been a review on the entire chain-farm to fork-of poultry production. For this review, a pool of 514 articles were selected for relevance via a systematic screening process (from >7500 original search articles). These studies identified a diversity of management and intervention strategies for the elimination or reduction of enteropathogens in poultry production. Many studies were laboratory or limited field trials with implementation in true commercial operations being problematic. Entities considering using commercial antienteropathogen products and interventions are advised to perform an internal validation and fit-for-purpose trial as Salmonella and Campylobacter serovars and biovars may have regional diversity. Future research should focus on nonchemical application within the processing plant and how a combination of synergisticinterventions through the production chain may contribute to reducing the overall carcass burden of enteropathogens, coupled with increased consumer education on safe handling and cooking of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Stewart
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
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Çenesiz AA, Çiftci İ. Modulatory effects of medium chain fatty acids in poultry nutrition and health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1739595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Çenesiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ. Çiftci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Meadows JA, Willsey GG, Wargo MJ. Differential requirements for processing and transport of short-chain versus long-chain O-acylcarnitines in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2018; 164:635-645. [PMID: 29517479 PMCID: PMC5982139 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can metabolize carnitine and O-acylcarnitines, which are abundant in host muscle and other tissues. Acylcarnitines are metabolized to carnitine and a fatty acid. The liberated carnitine and its catabolic product, glycine betaine, can be used as osmoprotectants, to induce the secreted phospholipase C PlcH, and as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources. P. aeruginosa is incapable of de novo synthesis of carnitine and acylcarnitines, therefore they must be imported from an exogenous source. In this study, we present the first characterization of bacterial acylcarnitine transport. Short-chain acylcarnitines are imported by the ABC transporter CaiX-CbcWV. Medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (MCACs and LCACs) are hydrolysed extracytoplasmically and the free carnitine is transported primarily through CaiX-CbcWV. These findings suggest that the periplasmic protein CaiX has a binding pocket that permits short acyl chains on its carnitine ligand and that there are one or more secreted hydrolases that cleave MCACs and LCACs. To identify the secreted hydrolase(s), we used a saturating genetic screen and transcriptomics followed by phenotypic analyses, but neither led to identification of a contributing hydrolase, supporting but not conclusively demonstrating redundancy for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Meadows
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Graham G. Willsey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wargo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- The Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Bordoloi M, Saikia S, Bordoloi PK, Kolita B, Dutta PP, Bhuyan PD, Dutta SC, Rao PG. Isolation, characterization and antifungal activity of very long chain alkane derivatives from Cinnamomum obtusifolium, Elaeocarpus lanceifolius and Baccaurea sapida. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hovorková P, Skřivanová E. Use of Caprylic Acid in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Campylobacter jejuni. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:712-8. [PMID: 26114373 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of caprylic acid (CA) on Campylobacter jejuni in chickens was evaluated using two approaches: dietary supplementation or surface treatment of chilled chicken carcasses. To analyze the dietary effect of CA, individually housed broiler chickens (n = 48) were artificially infected with C. jejuni VFU612 (10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]/bird) on the 21st and 35th days of life. Dietary CA (2.5 and 5 g/kg of feed, fed throughout the entire experiment) significantly decreased C. jejuni shedding (p<0.05). However, the effect only lasted for 3-7 days after infection. The numbers of Campylobacter shed by the positive control birds reached its maximum on the 37th day of life, while on that same day, both Treatment I and Treatment II groups shed significantly lower (p<0.05) numbers of Campylobacter (by 0.8 and 1.8 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Also, peak shedding was delayed by 1 day in both treated groups. After euthanasia of each chicken on the 42nd day of life, no differences in Campylobacter counts in the crop, gizzard, ileum, and cecum were found between the positive control and the treated groups (p>0.05). Surface contamination of the chilled chicken halves was performed with C. jejuni VFU612 (clinical isolate) and CCM6214 (collection strain). Surface treatment with CA at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL for 1 min significantly reduced C. jejuni VFU612 contamination of chicken skin (p<0.05) by 0.29-0.53 and 1.14-1.58 log10 CFU/g of skin, respectively. Counts of C. jejuni CCM6214 were reduced by 0.68-1.65 log10 CFU/g of skin). In conclusion, dietary CA affected numbers of C. jejuni in the gastrointestinal contents of chickens, whereas surface treatment reduced C. jejuni contamination in processed chicken carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hovorková
- 1 Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Institute of Animal Science , Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skřivanová
- 1 Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Institute of Animal Science , Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
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