1
|
Marzoli F, Bertola M, Pinarelli Fazion J, Cento G, Antonelli P, Dolzan B, Barco L, Belluco S. A systematic review on the occurrence of Salmonella in farmed Tenebrio molitor and Acheta domesticus or their derived products. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110464. [PMID: 37956634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Insects represent a sustainable and protein-rich food source. This new supply chain requires the study and monitoring of pathogens' presence and impact, as for other farmed animals. Among pathogens, Salmonella is of interest due to the well-established possibility for insects to harbor it. Since Acheta domesticus (cricket) and Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) are the most sold and farmed insect species, the present systematic review aimed to collect, select, and evaluate, in the available scientific literature, studies investigating the occurrence of Salmonella in these species sampled. All available studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, and Spanish were considered. No time limits were imposed. We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, WEB of Science Core Collection, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts. The first date searched was May 10th, 2022; an update of the search was conducted on May 5th, 2023. The data synthesis was presented in tables reporting the number of positives on the number of total analyzed samples with other relevant characteristics of the study. The quality assessment was carried out considering relevant aspects for sampling and the method of analysis for Salmonella detection. At the end of the screening process, 10 and nine studies conducted on crickets and mealworms, respectively, were included for data extraction. The S. serovar Wandsworth and S. serovar Stanley were isolated only in one sample of ready-to-eat crickets. A second study detected OTUs related to S. enterica in cricket and mealworm powders. No studies detected Salmonella in mealworms according to cultural methods. The limitations of the present review are that few studies were retrieved and that included studies had important limitations in terms of study design as sampling was mostly based on convenience and not on a sound statistical basis. The present systematic review underlines the need to obtain reliable data about Salmonella presence in insects considering the growing market and the scaling up of existing farms. This research was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health - Ricerca Corrente IZSVe 03/21. The review protocol was published on the Systematic Reviews for Animals and Food (SYREAF) Web site (https://syreaf.org/protocols/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Marzoli
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, VI, Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Diseases at the Animal/Human Interface and Laboratory of Parasitology, Micology and Sanitary Entomology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Juliane Pinarelli Fazion
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, VI, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cento
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonelli
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dolzan
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, VI, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, VI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao M, Xie R, Wang S, Huang X, Yang H, Wu W, Lin L, Chen H, Fan J, Hua L, Liang W, Zhang J, Wang X, Chen H, Peng Z, Wu B. Identification of a broad-spectrum lytic Myoviridae bacteriophage using multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates from pig slaughterhouses as the indicator and its application in combating Salmonella infections. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:270. [PMID: 35821025 PMCID: PMC9277904 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella is a leading foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, and is widely distributed in different nodes of the pork supply chain. In recent years, the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella poses a threat to global public health. The purpose of this study is to the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in pig slaughterhouses in Hubei Province in China, and explore the effect of using lytic bacteriophages fighting against antimicrobial resistant Salmonella. Results We collected a total of 1289 samples including anal swabs of pigs (862/1289), environmental swabs (204/1289), carcass surface swabs (36/1289) and environmental agar plates (187/1289) from eleven slaughterhouses in seven cities in Hubei Province and recovered 106 Salmonella isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that these isolates showed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance; over 99.06% (105/106) of them were multidrug resistant. To combat these drug resistant Salmonella, we isolated 37 lytic phages using 106 isolates as indicator bacteria. One of them, designated ph 2–2, which belonged to the Myoviridae family, displayed good capacity to kill Salmonella under different adverse conditions (exposure to different temperatures, pHs, UV, and/or 75% ethanol) and had a wide lytic spectrum. Evaluation in mouse models showed that ph 2–2 was safe and saved 80% (administrated by gavage) and 100% (administrated through intraperitoneal injection) mice from infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium. Conclusions The data presented herein demonstrated that Salmonella contamination remains a problem in some pig slaughter houses in China and Salmonella isolates recovered in slaughter houses displayed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, broad-spectrum lytic bacteriophages may represent a good candidate for the development of anti-antimicrobial resistant Salmonella agents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03372-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Present address: Hubei Jin Xu Agricultural Development Limited by Share Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frentzel H, Kelner-Burgos Y, Fischer J, Heise J, Göhler A, Wichmann-Schauer H. Occurrence of selected bacterial pathogens in insect-based food products and in-depth characterisation of detected Bacillus cereus group isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
4
|
Huang CC, Wang SH, Chin LT, Huang CL, Sun LT, Chiou CS, Tu PC, Chu C. Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and S. Stanley differ in genomic evolutionary patterns and early immune responses in human THP-1 cell line and CD14 + monocytes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:10-16. [PMID: 30961803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Stanley are the most prevalent serogroup B serovars to infect humans in Taiwan. The aim was to determine possible factors to influence the prevalence between S. Typhimurium and S. Stanley. Genotypes were determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and the intracellular survival, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of human monocyte THP-1 cell and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1βexpression in peripheral blood CD14+ cells after infection were analyzed. 182 S. Stanley was clonal disseminated with main pulsotypes 2 from 2004 to 2007. Overall S. Typhimurium evolved more genotypes, while S. Stanley conserved in genotypes. Human blood CD14+ monocytes expressed TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β differently among serovars and bacterial conditions (live vs. killed). Live S. Stanley and S. Typhimurium suppressed the TNF-α and IL-6 expression compared to killed bacteria. However, live S. Typhimurium stimulated more IL-1β expression than the killed bacteria, but S. Stanley expressed similar IL-1β levels in both conditions. Furthermore, S. Stanley and S. Typhimurium differed in intracellular survival in the THP-1 cells, an early decrease for S. Stanley, not for S. Typhimurium. Additionally, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in THP-1 cells was found agsinst S. Stanley infection, not found in S. Typhimurium. However, some isolates of S. Stanley could recover from early loss to become more in the monocytes than S. Typhimurium. Difference in phagocytized number, intracellular survival, ROS production and IL-1β expression may contribute to prevalence different between two serovars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chin Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Te Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 114 No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Lin Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ting Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- The Central Region Laboratory, Center of Research, Diagnostics, and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, No. 30, Wenxin S. 3rd Rd., Nantun Dist., Taichung, 40856, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Tu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Welch K, Shipp-Hilts A, Eidson M, Saha S, Zansky S. Salmonella and the changing environment: systematic review using New York State as a model. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:179-195. [PMID: 30942769 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a public health concern, for which a complex interplay between host, agent, and environment exists. An improved understanding of causal processes can be used to better gauge the causes and trajectory of Salmonella in a changing environment. This would be useful in determining the impact of climate change on the New York State (NYS) environment, the effect of climate change on Salmonella in NYS, factors contributing to Salmonella vulnerability in humans, and aspects of climate change and Salmonella which necessitate further research. A systematic review was conducted to study associations between Salmonella and the environment. Using the search criteria, a total of 91 relevant articles were identified from four electronic databases. Key information was abstracted, organized, and synthesized to identify causal processes and linkages between climate change, the environment of NYS, and Salmonella-related outcomes, as well as risk factors to characterize Salmonella vulnerabilities. Three inter-related domains were identified for consideration and application to epidemiological research to confirm and extrapolate disease patterns using climate change scenarios: improved quantification of causal relationships, inclusion of factors linked to sectors not immediately associated with the exposure and outcome, and increased capacity to validate models in diverse settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Welch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York, 12144, USA and Office of Public Health Practice, New York State Department of Health, 1092 Corning Tower, Albany, New York, 12237, USA E-mail:
| | - Asante Shipp-Hilts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York, 12144, USA and Office of Public Health Practice, New York State Department of Health, 1092 Corning Tower, Albany, New York, 12237, USA E-mail:
| | - Millicent Eidson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, New York, 12144, USA and Office of Public Health Practice, New York State Department of Health, 1092 Corning Tower, Albany, New York, 12237, USA E-mail:
| | - Shubhayu Saha
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Shelley Zansky
- Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Department of Health, 651 Corning Tower, Albany, New York, 12237, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella Isolated from Free-Range Chickens in Shandong Province, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8183931. [PMID: 27800493 PMCID: PMC5075293 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8183931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Compared with chickens raised in intensively managed breeding farms, free-range chickens in China are quite popular due to lower breeding density and less antibiotics usage. However, investigations about Salmonella enterica from free-range chickens are quite rare. The aim of the present study was to investigate prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in free-range chickens in Shandong province, China. During the period of August and November 2015, 300 fresh fecal swabs from different broilers in three free-range chicken farms (100 samples per farm) were collected to isolate Salmonella, and then these isolates were subjected to serotyping, antibiotic sensitivity testing, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), and multilocus sequence typing (ST). A total of 38 Salmonella isolates (38/300, 12.7%) were recovered. The most common serotype was Enteritidis (81.6%), followed by Indiana (13.2%) and Typhimurium (5.3%). Twenty-two out of 38 isolates (57.9%) were resistant to ampicillin, the highest resistance rate, but resistance rates to cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime were only 7.9%. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 26.3%. Additionally, the Salmonella isolates could be classified into 25 genotypes by ERIC-PCR and were divided into three ST types (ST11, ST17, and ST19), with ST11 the highest isolation rate (81.6%). In summary, as with other poultry, free-ranging chickens may also serve as potential reservoir for antibiotic resistant Salmonella, thereby posing a threat to public health.
Collapse
|