1
|
Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9640828. [PMID: 36406904 PMCID: PMC9668442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9640828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistantfood-borne bacteria is a great challenge to public health. This study was conducted to characterize and determine the resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from foods including sesames, ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, mango juices, and lettuce in Burkina Faso. One hundred and forty-eight biochemically identified Salmonella isolates were characterized by molecular amplification of Salmonella marker invA and spiC, misL, orfL, and pipD virulence genes. After that, all confirmed strains were examined for susceptibility to sixteen antimicrobials, and PCR amplifications were used to identify the following resistance genes: blaTEM, temA, temB, StrA, aadA, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). One hundred and eight isolates were genetically confirmed as Salmonella spp. Virulence genes were observed in 57.4%, 55.6%, 49.1%, and 38% isolates for pipD, SpiC, misL, and orfL, respectively. Isolates have shown moderate resistance to gentamycin (26.8%), ampicillin (22.2%), cefoxitin (19.4%), and nalidixic acid (18.5%). All isolates were sensitive to six antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Among the 66 isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic, 11 (16.7%) were multidrug resistant. The Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella serovars ranged from 0.06 to 0.53. PCR detected 7 resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), blaTEM, temB, sul1, sul2, and aadA) in drug-resistant isolates. These findings raise serious concerns because ready-to-eat food in Burkina Faso could serve as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance genes worldwide.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mendybayeva AM, Aliyeva GK, Chuzhebayeva GD, Tegza AA, Rychshanova RM. Antibiotic resistance of enterobacterial pathogens isolated on the territory of the Northern Kazakhstan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 87:101854. [PMID: 35779358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify strains of infectious disease pathogens and to determine their antibacterial drug resistance. From 2018-2020, 5322 samples of biological material from animals and birds, products of animal origin were taken at retail outlets, livestock enterprises in Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions. In the study territories of 20 districts and 4 cities were covered. Phenotypic resistance analysis of the recovered isolates of Salmonella spp. showed a high level of resistance to antibiotics of the tetracyclines (82/137) and nitrofurans (81/137) groups. S. aureus isolates had increased resistance to the β-lactams (124/131) and macrolides (96/131) groups. As a result, the largest number of genes encoding resistance was found to the β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and macrolides groups. The study was carried out within the framework of the project AR05131447 "Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of pathogens of enteropathogenic zooanthroponosis diseases in the Northern Kazakhstan".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anara M Mendybayeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur K Aliyeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhagan D Chuzhebayeva
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandra A Tegza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Raushan M Rychshanova
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Ji L, Yan W, Chen L. Characterization of Clinical Salmonella entericas Trains in Huzhou, China. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:7280376. [PMID: 35774247 PMCID: PMC9239802 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7280376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica causes salmonellosis in humans and animals and is an important antecedent of food infections worldwide. This study collected 105 clinical S. enterica isolates from diarrhoea samples from six sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases in Huzhou, China, between 2018 and 2020. These represented all the Salmonella isolates collected in Huzhou during that period. Methods The isolates were characterized by serovar determination, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Results The 105 Salmonella strains were mainly S. typhimurium (35.24%, 95% CI from 25.95 to 44.53%) and S. enteritidis (18.10%, 95% CI from 10.61 to 25.58%). Testing indicated that the resistance rate of the Salmonella strains ranged from 0.00% to 70.48%, and the highest resistance rate was for ampicillin (70.48%; 74/105), followed by tetracycline (67.62%; 71/105) and doxycycline (65.71%; 69/105). Following XbaI digestion, the 105 strains yielded 93 PFGE patterns, and 15 clones had similarity values >85.00%. Conclusions Our analyses revealed the serovar distribution of isolates recovered from diarrhoea patients and the characteristics of resistant strains in Huzhou from 2018 to 2020. Our results highlight a serovar shift and a concerning number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Continued surveillance of Salmonella and their MDR profiles and efforts to control the rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella in Huzhou are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshun Xu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 999 Changxing Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 999 Changxing Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 999 Changxing Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 999 Changxing Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao Q, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Liu J, Tian C, Huang Z, Malakar PK, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Meta-Analysis for the Global Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens Exhibiting Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906490. [PMID: 35774452 PMCID: PMC9239547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) foodborne bacteria causing bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. In addition, the ability of some of these bacteria to form biofilms increases the threat level as treatment options may become compromised. The extent of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation among foodborne pathogens remain uncertain globally due to the lack of systematic reviews. We performed a meta-analysis on the global prevalence of foodborne pathogens exhibiting antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation using the methodology of a Cochrane review by accessing data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and Web of Science databases between 2010 and 2020. A random effects model of dichotomous variables consisting of antibiotic class, sample source, and foodborne pathogens was completed using data from 332 studies in 36 countries. The results indicated AMR foodborne pathogens has become a worrisome global issue. The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in food samples was greater than 10% and these foodborne pathogens were most resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics with Bacillus cereus being most resistant (94%). The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in human clinical specimens was greater than 19%, and the resistance of these pathogens to the antibiotic class used in this research was high. Independently, the overall biofilm formation rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria was 90% (95% CI, 68%–96%) and a direct linear relationship between biofilm formation ability and antibiotic resistance was not established. Future investigations should document both AMR and biofilm formation of the foodborne pathogen isolated in samples. The additional information could lead to alternative strategies to reduce the burden cause by AMR foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohuan Zhang, ;
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K. Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Yong Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zelalem A, Abegaz K, Kebede A, Terefe Y, Vipham JL. Withdrawn: Investigation on Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and coliforms in beef from Ethiopian abattoirs: A potential risk of meat safety. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1714-1724. [PMID: 35702307 PMCID: PMC9179143 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
6
|
Lin Y, Yang L, Qiu S, Yang C, Wang K, Li J, Jia L, Li P, Song H. Rapid Identification and Source Tracing of a Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak in China by Metagenomic and Whole-Genome Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:259-265. [PMID: 35420907 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are among the most prevalent foodborne pathogens. Rapid identification of etiologic agents during foodborne outbreaks is of great importance. In this study, we report a traceback investigation of a Salmonella outbreak in China. Metagenomic sequencing of suspected food samples was performed on MinION and MiSeq platforms. Real-time nanopore sequencing analysis identified reads belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. MiSeq sequencing identified 63 reads specifically mapped to Salmonella. Conventional methods including quantitative-PCR and culture-based isolation confirmed as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The foodborne outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium was further recognized by whole-genome sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. Our study demonstrates the ability of metagenomic sequencing to rapidly identify enteric pathogens directly from food samples. These results highlight the capacity of metagenomic sequencing to deliver actionable information rapidly and to expedite the tracing and identification of etiologic agents during foodborne outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Lin
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodríguez-Molina D, Berglund F, Blaak H, Flach CF, Kemper M, Marutescu L, Pircalabioru Gradisteanu G, Popa M, Spießberger B, Wengenroth L, Chifiriuc MC, Larsson DGJ, Nowak D, Radon K, de Roda Husman AM, Wieser A, Schmitt H. International Travel as a Risk Factor for Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Sample of European Individuals—The AWARE Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084758. [PMID: 35457624 PMCID: PMC9029788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is currently a major threat to global health, calling for a One Health approach to be properly understood, monitored, tackled, and managed. Potential risk factors for AR are often studied in specific high-risk populations, but are still poorly understood in the general population. Our aim was to explore, describe, and characterize potential risk factors for carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-resistant Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in a large sample of European individuals aged between 16 and 67 years recruited from the general population in Southern Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania. Questionnaire and stool sample collection for this cross-sectional study took place from September 2018 to March 2020. Selected cultures of participants’ stool samples were analyzed for detection of ESBL-EC. A total of 1183 participants were included in the analyses: 333 from Germany, 689 from the Netherlands, and 161 from Romania. Travels to Northern Africa (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR 4.03, 95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.67–9.68), Sub-Saharan Africa (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 1.60–13.26), and Asia (aOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.97–8.43) were identified as independent risk factors for carriage of ESBL-EC. Therefore, travel to these regions should continue to be routinely asked about by clinical practitioners as possible risk factors when considering antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daloha Rodríguez-Molina
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (L.W.); (D.N.); (K.R.)
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology—IBE, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(89)-4400-52358; Fax: +49-(89)-4400-54954
| | - Fanny Berglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.B.); (C.-F.F.); (D.G.J.L.)
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (H.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.d.R.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.B.); (C.-F.F.); (D.G.J.L.)
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merel Kemper
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (H.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.d.R.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Luminita Marutescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (G.P.G.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Pircalabioru Gradisteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (G.P.G.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (G.P.G.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beate Spießberger
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (A.W.)
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wengenroth
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (L.W.); (D.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (G.P.G.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.B.); (C.-F.F.); (D.G.J.L.)
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (L.W.); (D.N.); (K.R.)
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (L.W.); (D.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (H.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.d.R.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (A.W.)
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (H.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.d.R.H.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigation of a foodborne outbreak at a mass gathering in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2022; 13:1-5. [PMID: 35402063 PMCID: PMC8977284 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.1.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective On 6 October 2019, Petaling District Health Office received notification of a possible foodborne outbreak involving a mass gathering event. This report presents the processes of diagnosis verification, case identification, determination of associated risk factors and commencement of control measures in managing the outbreak. Methods Cases were defined as those who attended the mass gathering event on 6 October 2019, consumed the pre-packaged food and subsequently developed vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea or other symptoms (e.g. fever, nausea and dizziness). Epidemiological, environmental and laboratory investigations were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS software (version 24.0). Results A total of 169 cases were identified. The attack rate was 7.2%, and cases ranged in age from 7 to 50 years, with a median of 20 years. A total of 156 (92.3%) cases had vomiting, 137 (81.1%) had abdominal pain and 83 (49.1%) had diarrhoea. Consuming nasi lemak at the mass gathering was found to be significantly associated with developing illness (odds ratio: 9.90, 95% confidence interval: 6.46–15.16). The samples from suspected food, food handlers and the environment were positive for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus or coliforms. Discussion The outbreak at this mass gathering was probably caused by food contaminated with B. cereus and S. aureus. To prevent future outbreaks, we recommend mass gathering events use certified catering services that have adequate food safety training.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guerrero T, Bayas-Rea R, Erazo E, Zapata Mena S. Systematic Review: Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Food from Latin America. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 19:85-103. [PMID: 34668752 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Latin America, nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most important etiological agents of foodborne infections; it can survive in soil, water, and food even after processing. Here, we aimed to perform a systematic review by collecting data on the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of NTS isolated from different food products in Latin America, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Out of 1766 studies screened, 244 reports from 13 Latin American countries were eligible. Among these, 182 reported NTS prevalence, 87 reported NTS serotypes, and 83 reported serotypes with AMR patterns. The NTS prevalence ranged from 0.005% to 93.3%, regardless of country and food. Meat showed the highest NTS prevalence. Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Derby were the most frequently observed serotypes in different food products. The serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Infantis, isolated from animal products, showed the highest AMR rate. The presence of NTS in fruits and vegetables, which are generally consumed raw or as ready-to-eat food, indicates a high risk of salmonellosis from consuming these foods. Thus, the reduction of this pathogen in the food chain requires a One Health approach, involving good agricultural and manufacturing practices, low antimicrobial use, and proper waste management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guerrero
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Bayas-Rea
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilene Erazo
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata Mena
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang K, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu H, Jiao X, Li Q. Characterization of CRISPR array in Salmonella enterica from asymptomatic people and patients. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 355:109338. [PMID: 34333443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major foodborne pathogen causing symptomatic diseases or asymptomatic infections in humans. To reveal the genetic difference of Salmonella strains from patients to that from asymptomatic people, we used CRISPR typing to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of 180 clinical strains during 2017-2018 in Jiangsu, China. The CRISPR typing divided these isolates into 76 CRISPR types with a discriminatory power of 97.6%. S. Typhimurium and its monophasic variants of 6 CRISPR types are the significant serotypes causing both human diseases and asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis mainly resulted in diseases and shared one CRISPR type. The spacer HadB20 displayed as a new molecular marker to differentiate ST34-S. Typhimurium monophasic variant from ST19-S. Typhimurium. S. Derby, S. London, and S. Senftenberg frequently caused asymptomatic infection with diverse CRISPR types, while S. Mbandaka and S. Meleagridis, occasionally isolated from patients, had conserved CRISPR types. Additionally, 30 of 516 newly identified spacers showed homology to sequences in both plasmids and bacteriophages. Interestingly, some spacers from one serotype showed homology to the correspondent prophage or plasmid sequences in another serotype; and more than two spacers identified in one strain showed homology to the sequences located in the identical plasmids or phages, revealing the constant evolution of Salmonella CRISPR arrays during the interactions between bacteria and phages or plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu H, Zhang W, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Li Q. Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:632. [PMID: 34210275 PMCID: PMC8252320 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic profiles between Salmonella strains isolated from patients and those from asymptomatic people in Nantong city, China. Methods A total of 88 Salmonella strains were collected from patients and asymptomatic people from 2017 to 2018. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE analysis were performed to analyze the characteristics of these strains. Results Twenty serotypes belonging to 8 serogroups were identified in the 88 Salmonella strains. S. Typhimurium remained to be the predominant serotype in strains from both patients and asymptomatic people. Among the 27 strains from patients, S. Enteritidis and S. Rissen were shown as the other two major serotypes, while S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis were demonstrated as the other significant serotypes among the 61 strains from asymptomatic people. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that 84.1% of strains from both resources were multi-drug resistant. PFGE displayed a highly discriminative ability to differentiate strains belonging to S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, etc., but could not efficiently differentiate serotypes like S. Enteritidis. Conclusions This study’s results demonstrated that S. Typhimurium could cause human infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic state; S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis usually cause asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis infection mainly results in human diseases. The high multi-drug resistance rate detected in the antimicrobial resistance and diverse PFGE profiles of these strains implied that the strains were isolated from different sources, and the increased surveillance of Salmonella from both patients and asymptomatic people should be taken to control the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06340-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao X, Hu M, Zhang Q, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Li L, Qi J, Luo Y, Zhou D, Liu Y. Characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from broilers in Shandong, China. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7046-7054. [PMID: 33248621 PMCID: PMC7705031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are one of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens in human beings and animals. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and characterization of Salmonella from broilers in Shandong, China. A total of 67 Salmonella were recovered from 600 rectal swabs collected from 3 large-scale intensive broiler farms (67/600, 11.2%) between May and October 2018. Among Salmonella isolates, the most common serovars were S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium. The highest occurrence of resistance observed was for polymyxin (100%), followed by ampicillin (68.7%). The multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolation rate was observed to be 53.7%. Four β-lactamase genes were detected among the isolates, and all the isolates carried blaTEM (67/67, 100%), followed by blaOXA (19/67, 28.4%), blaCTX-M (17/67, 25.4%), and blaPSE (7/67, 10.4%). Four plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene were detected among the isolates; the prevalent resistance genes was aac(6')-Ib-cr (18/67, 26.9%), followed by oqxB (9/67, 13.4%), qnrB (6/67, 9.0%), and qnrD (1/67, 1.5%). The prevalent rate of mcr-1 was 6.0% (4/67). Class 1 integrons were detected in 26.9% of these isolates and contained 7 groups of resistance gene cassettes. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed 7 sequence types, and ST11 was the most frequent sequence types. This study indicated that reduction of Salmonella and strict control on the use of antibiotics in more than 5,000 million broilers in Shandong are the vitally important measures to keep public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Tai'an Animal Health Supervision Institute, Tai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanbo Luo
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Technical Management Department, Shandong Minhe Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Xu H, Tang Y, Li Q, Jiao X. A Multidrug-resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Co-harboring mcr-1, fosA3, bla CTX-M-14 in a Transferable IncHI2 Plasmid from a Healthy Catering Worker in China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3569-3574. [PMID: 33116676 PMCID: PMC7568597 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s272272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymyxins are currently regarded as a possible last-resort therapy to eradicate multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria. Meanwhile, the old antimicrobial agent fosfomycin has recently been reintroduced into clinical use for the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated a multidrug-resistant Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- strain from a food catering handler, which had the potential to act as a vehicle for transmitting MDR foodborne pathogens. Methods A Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- YZU1189 strain was isolated from the fecal sample of a food catering worker according to the standard protocol of the Salmonella detection method from World Health Organization in 2003. Serotyping of YZU1189 was performed according to the Kauffmann-White scheme. The antimicrobial resistance phenotype of the strain was determined by the agar dilution method according to the instruction from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Plasmid conjugation was performed between the donor strain Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- YZU1189 and the recipient strain Escherichia coli C600. The genetic locations of mcr-1, bla CTX-M-14 and fosA3 genes were determined by the whole genome sequence analysis. Results Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- YZU1189 was an ESBL-producing stain isolated from a healthy catering worker. The strain displayed resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, polymyxins, fosfomycins, phenicols, trimethoprims, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Whole genome sequence analysis and plasmid conjugation revealed that the strain had a transferable IncHI2 plasmid carrying the mcr-1, bla CTX-M-14 and fosA3 genes. Sequence homology analysis showed that this plasmid possessed high sequence similarity to previously reported mcr-1, bla CTX-M-14 and fosA3 positive plasmids in China. Conclusion This study reported a the multidrug-resistant Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolate harboring mcr-1, bla CTX-M-14 and fosA3 from human for the first time in China. The occurrence of mcr-1 and fosA3 genes in the transferable IncHI2 plasmid pYZU1189 from the ESBL-producing Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolate showed a potential threat to public health. Great concern should be taken for the spread of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates from food catering workers to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Z, Wang M, Zhou C, Gu G, Liang J, Hou X, Wang M, Wei P. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of retail-meat-borne Salmonella in southern China during the years 2009-2016: The diversity of contamination and the resistance evolution of multidrug-resistant isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108790. [PMID: 32693316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne pathogens, can be the cause of bacterial food-borne illness and is commonly associated with the consumption of retail meat. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates with high adaptability, have been responsible for many foodborne disease outbreaks. Here we present an investigation on the contamination and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail meat obtained from supermarkets and from open markets in Guangxi, China. From the years 2009 to 2016, a total of 604 Salmonella isolates were recovered from a total of 3340 meat samples including 797 beef, 911 pork, 942 chicken and 690 duck, representing 18.08% of the samples tested. Pork was the most contaminated meat. Salmonella was detected in 322 samples from supermarkets and the positive rate of 21.03% was higher than that of 15.70% in 284 samples from open markets (P<0.05). The prevalence of Salmonella in retail meat in the summer and fall months: June (2015, 40.63%), October (2012, 34.6%; 2016, 43.75%) was higher than in other seasons of the year. One hundred and twenty-seven serotypes were identified among the 604 Salmonella enterica isolates, and S. Derby (28.48%), S. Agona (9.77%), S. London (4.97%) and S. Enteritidis (4.47%) were the most common serotypes. Tests of susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents showed that 87.58% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 57.79% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), as they were resistant to at least three antimicrobials. The presence of most of the antimicrobial-resistant genes tested was consistent with the resistant phenotypes found. Among all the antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) examined in this study, blaTEM-1, aadA1, cmlA, tetA, sul1 and sul2 were the most prevalent resistant genes in the multidrug resistant isolates. Our findings show that there was a trend that the Salmonella contamination in retail meat had increased and isolates showed an MDR phenotype and that the MDR had become more and more serious. Twenty-one isolates of S. Agona were randomly analyzed by using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and six different types were found, indicating the existence of cross-contamination in the food market. The results indicate that the hazard analysis of the critical control points (HACCP) system for the whole food chain of retail meat should be further analyzed and improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Xu
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guimin Gu
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Liang
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejiao Hou
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu D, Wang Z, Tian Y, Kang X, Meng C, Chen X, Pan Z, Jiao X. Prevalence of Salmonella Isolates and Their Distribution Based on Whole-Genome Sequence in a Chicken Slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:29. [PMID: 32154275 PMCID: PMC7046563 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has been known as the most important foodborne pathogen, which can infect humans via consuming contaminated food. Chicken meat has been known as an important vehicle to transmit Salmonella by the food supply chain. This study determined the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of Salmonella at different chicken slaughtering stages in East China. In total, 114 out of 200 (57%) samples were Salmonella positive, while Salmonella contamination was gradually increasing from the scalding and unhairing stage (17.5%) to the subdividing stage (70%) throughout the slaughtering. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was then performed to analyze the serotype, antimicrobial resistance gene profiles, and genetic relationship of all Salmonella isolates. The most common serotypes were S. Kentucky (51/114, 44.7%) and S. Enteritidis (37/114, 32.5%), which were distributed throughout the four slaughtering stages, and were also identified in the corresponding environments. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed that seven sequence types (STs) were occupied by six different serotypes, respectively. Only S. Kentucky had two STs, ST314 was the predominant ST shared by 50 isolates, while the ST198 has 1 isolate. The antimicrobial resistance gene analysis demonstrated that most of the strains belonging to S. Kentucky (39/51, 76.5%) and S. Indiana (15, 100%) contained over five groups of antimicrobial resistance genes. Based on the core genome analysis, 50 S. Kentucky isolates were genetically identical, indicating that one S. Kentucky strain with the same genetic background was prevalent in the chicken slaughtering line. Although 37 S. Enteritidis isolates only had three different antimicrobial resistance gene profiles, the core genome sequence analysis subtyped these S. Enteritidis isolates into five different clusters, which revealed the diverse genetic background of S. Enteritidis in the slaughterhouse. The antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were consistent with the presence of the corresponding resistance genes of S. Kentucky and S. Enteritidis, including tetA, floR, blaTEM-1B, strA/B, sul1/sul2, and gyrA (D87Y). Our study observed a high prevalence of Salmonella in the chicken slaughter line and identified the slaughtering environment as a main source of causing Salmonella cross-contamination during chicken slaughtering. Further studies will be needed to limit the transmission of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Tian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu Z, Huang Q, Hong X, Chen X, Lu Y, Chen Z, Wang C, Meng X, Xu Q, Li S. Isolation and characterization of Salmonella in pork samples collected from retail and wholesale markets in each season from 2016 to 2018 in Wuhan, China. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:875-883. [PMID: 31710755 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in pork on sale in Wuhan, Central China. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 4744 pork samples were collected from retail or wholesale markets in each season from 2016 to 2018. The samples showed an overall Salmonella prevalence of 19·54% (927/4744), among which the samples collected in 2017 (21·67%, 428/1975) possessed a significantly higher prevalence than those collected in 2016 (18·61%, 209/1123) (P = 0·047) or 2018 (17·51%, 290/1656) (P = 0·002), and the samples collected in winter showed the lowest prevalence (15·86%, 177/1116). The Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher among samples from retail markets (25·68%, 283/1102) than wholesale markets (17·68%, 644/3642) (P = 0·000). Antimicrobial resistance of 922 Salmonella strains was tested by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations using a broth microdilution method. The strains revealed that 98·92% (912/922) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents, and 80·04% (738/922) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials (MDR). Resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (89·91%), tetracycline (87·20%) and ampicillin (71·69%) was predominant. The proportion of MDR strains in 2017 (93·62%, 396/423) was significantly higher than that in 2016 (63·16%, 132/209) (P = 0·000) or 2018 (69·66%, 202/290) (P = 0·000). No significant difference was observed in the proportions of MDR strains between wholesale markets (76·07%, 213/280) and retail markets (80·53%, 517/642) (P = 0·075). Multi-locus sequence typing for 554 of the isolates revealed 20 different sequence types (STs), among which ST40 (38·27%, 212/554), ST34 (18·41%, 102/554) and ST469 (14·46%, 79/554) were dominant. CONCLUSIONS A high risk of Salmonella prevalence and antimicrobial resistance was observed in pork in Wuhan. The risk varies between different sampling years, seasons and market types. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Providing baseline data on Salmonella contamination in pork on sale in Central China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - X Hong
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Y Lu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Z Chen
- Wuhan Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Inspector Corps, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - C Wang
- Wuhan Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Inspector Corps, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - X Meng
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Q Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|