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Baqar Z, Sinwat N, Prathan R, Chuanchuen R. Meat ducks as carriers of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli harboring transferable R plasmids. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:25.e62. [PMID: 39231787 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat. AMR bacteria and their resistance determinants in food can be transmitted to humans through the food chain and by direct contact and disseminate directly to the environment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the AMR characteristics and transferable R plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from meat ducks raised in an open-house system. METHODS One hundred seventy-seven (n = 177) commensal E. coli were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibilities and horizontal resistance transfer. The plasmids were examined by PCR-based plasmid replicon typing (PBRT) and plasmid multi-locus sequence typing (pMLST). RESULTS The highest resistance rate was found against ampicillin (AMP, 83.0%) and tetracycline (TET, 81.9%), and most isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) (86.4%). The R plasmids were conjugally transferred when TET (n = 4), AMP (n = 3), and chloramphenicol (n = 3) were used as a selective pressure. The three isolates transferred resistance genes either in AMP or TET. The blaCTX-M1 gene resided on conjugative plasmids. Five replicon types were identified, of which Inc FrepB was most common in the donors (n = 13, 38.4%) and transconjugants (n = 16, 31.2%). Subtyping F plasmids revealed five distinct replicons combinations, including F47:A-:B- (n = 2), F29:A-:B23 (n = 1), F29:A-:B- (n = 1), F18:A-B:- (n = 1), and F4:A-:B- (n = 1). The chloramphenicol resistance was significantly correlated with the other AMR phenotypes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The meat ducks harbored MDR E. coli and played an important role in the environmental dissemination of AMR bacteria and its determinants. This confirms AMR as a health issue, highlighting the need for routine AMR monitoring and surveillance of meat ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulqarnain Baqar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Unit for Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Food-borne Pathogens, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuananong Sinwat
- Departments of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Rangsiya Prathan
- Research Unit for Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Food-borne Pathogens, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit for Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Food-borne Pathogens, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Maveke SM, Aboge GO, Kanja LW, Mainga AO, Gachau N, Muchira BW, Moriasi GA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Two Kenyan Facilities: A National Referral and a Level Five Hospital. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:7463899. [PMID: 38384586 PMCID: PMC10881238 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7463899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially through the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), limits therapeutic options and poses a significant public health threat. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patient samples in two Kenyan Hospitals. Methods We collected 138 E. coli and 127 K. pneumoniae isolates from various clinical specimens at the two health facilities from January 2020 to February 2021. The isolates' ESBL production and antibiotic susceptibility were phenotypically confirmed using a standard procedure. Molecular analysis was done through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with appropriate primers for gadA, rpoB, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-group-1, blaCTX-M-group-2, blaCTX-M-group-9, and blaCTX-M-group-8/25 genes, sequencing and BLASTn analysis. Results Most E. coli (82.6%) and K. pneumoniae (92.9%) isolates were ESBL producers, with the highest resistance was against ceftriaxone (69.6% among E. coli and 91.3% among K. pneumoniae) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.9% among K. pneumoniae). The frequency of MDR was 39.9% among E. coli and 13.4% among K. pneumoniae isolates. The commonest MDR phenotypes among the E. coli isolates were CRO-FEP-AZM-LVX and CRO-AZM-LVX, while the FOX-CRO-AMC-MI-TGC-FM, FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-AZM-LVX-MI and CRO-AMC-TZP-AZM-MI were the most frequent among K. pneumoniae isolates. Notably, the FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-AZM-LVX-MI phenotype was observed in ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative K. pneumoniae isolates. The most frequent ESBL genes were blaTEM (42%), blaSHV (40.6%), and blaOXA (36.2%) among E. coli, and blaTEM (89%), blaSHV (82.7%), blaOXA (76.4%), and blaCTX-M-group-1 (72.5%) were most frequent ESBL genes among K. pneumoniae isolates. The blaSHV and blaOXA and blaTEM genotypes were predominantly associated with FOX-CRO-FEP-MEM and CRO-FEP multidrug resistance (MDR) and CRO antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, among E. coli isolates from Embu Level V (16.7%) and Kenyatta National Hospital (7.0%), respectively. Conclusions The high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates increases the utilization of last-resort antibiotics, jeopardizing antimicrobial chemotherapy. Furthermore, the antimicrobial resistance patterns exhibited towards extended-spectrum cephalosporins, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides show the risk of co-resistance associated with ESBL-producing isolates responsible for MDR. Hence, there is a need for regular surveillance and implementation of infection prevention and control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M. Maveke
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel O. Aboge
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laetitia W. Kanja
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred O. Mainga
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naftaly Gachau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice W. Muchira
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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Thongratsakul S, Amavisit P, Poolkhet C. Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming: A Look Back at Environmental Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry Farms during the Growing and Resting Periods. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:8354235. [PMID: 38058657 PMCID: PMC10697774 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8354235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the production cycle of poultry farms, pathogens may remain in the next cycle of rearing young chickens. This study was conducted at three industrial chicken farms (A, B, and C) in central Thailand. Results showed that the percentages of E. coli during the resting period in farms A, B, and C were 28.6, 53.8, and 7.8, respectively, and those during the growing period were 45, 68.8, and 75. The most common resistant patterns during the resting period in all farms were AML-AMP-SXT and AML-AMP-DO-SXT, and those during the growing period were AML-AMP and AML-AMP-SXT. The locations of blaTEM-positive E. coli isolates from the inside houses (inside buildings) of all farms included cloacal swabs, floors, water nipples, pan feeders, and husks, whereas that from the outside environment included boots, wastewater, soil, and water from cooling pads and tanks. Our results indicate that the percentage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its pattern depend on the husbandry period and the strictness of biosecurity. Moreover, our findings derived from samples gathered from broiler farms between 2013 and 2015 align with those of the current studies, highlighting persistent trends in E. coli resistance to various antimicrobial agents. Therefore, enhancing biosecurity measures throughout both the resting and growing periods is crucial, with a specific focus on managing raw materials, bedding, breeding equipment, and staff hygiene to reduce the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Thongratsakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Patamabhorn Amavisit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chaithep Poolkhet
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Zhang S, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. Implications of different waterfowl farming on cephalosporin resistance: Investigating the role of bla CTX-M-55. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102929. [PMID: 37562134 PMCID: PMC10432832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cephalosporin resistance of Escherichia coli from waterfowl among different breeding mode farms. In 2021, we isolated 200 strains of E. coli from waterfowl feces samples collected from Sichuan, Heilongjiang, and Anhui provinces. The key findings are: Out of the 200 strains, 80, 80, and 40 strains were isolated from waterfowl feces samples in intensive, courtyard, and outdoor breeding mode farms, respectively. The overall positive rate of the ESBL phenotype, detecting by the double disk diffusion method, was 68.00% (136/200). In particular, the rates for intensive, courtyard, and outdoor breeding modes were 98.75%, 36.25%, and 70.00%, respectively. Results of MIC test showed drug resistance rates in the intensive breeding mode: 100.00% for cephalothin, 38.75% for cefoxitin, 100.00% for cefotaxime, and 100.00% for cefepime. In courtyard breeding mode, the corresponding rates were 100.00%, 40.00%, 63.75%, and 45.00%, respectively. In outdoor breeding mode, the corresponding rates were 100.00%, 52.50%, 82.50%, and 77.50%, respectively. The PCR results for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaOXA, and blaSHV showed the detection rate of blaCTX-M was highest at 75.50%, with blaCTX-M-55 is the main subtype gene, followed by blaTEM at 73.50%. We screened 58 donor strains carrying blaCTX-M-55, including 52 strains from the intensive breeding mode. These donor bacteria can transfer different plasmids to recipient E. coli J53, resulting in recipient bacteria acquiring cephalosporin resistance, and the conjugational transfer frequency ranged from 1.01 × 10-5 to 6.56 × 10-2. The transferred plasmids remained stable in recipient bacteria for up to several days without significant adaptation costs observed. During molecular typing of E. coli with conjugational transfer ability, the blaCTX-M-55 was found to be widely present in different ST strains with several phylogenetic groups. In summary, cephalosporin resistance of E. coli carried by waterfowl birds in intensive breeding mode farm was significantly higher than in courtyard and outdoor mode farms. The blaCTX-M-55 subtype gene was the prevalent ARGs and can be horizontally transferred through plasmids, which plays a key role in the spread of cephalosporin drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyuan Guo
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621023, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.
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Zhang LJ, Yang JT, Chen HX, Liu WZ, Ding YL, Chen RA, Zhang RM, Jiang HX. F18:A-:B1 Plasmids Carrying blaCTX-M-55 Are Prevalent among Escherichia coli Isolated from Duck-Fish Polyculture Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:961. [PMID: 37370280 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of blaCTX-M-55-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from duck-fish polyculture farms in Guangzhou, China. A total of 914 E. coli strains were isolated from 2008 duck and environmental samples (water, soil and plants) collected from four duck fish polyculture farms between 2017 and 2019. Among them, 196 strains were CTX-M-1G-positive strains by PCR, and 177 (90%) blaCTX-M-1G-producing strains were blaCTX-M-55-positive. MIC results showed that the 177 blaCTX-M-55-positive strains were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and florfenicol, with antibiotic resistance rates above 95%. Among the 177 strains, 37 strains carrying the F18:A-:B1 plasmid and 10 strains carrying the F33:A-:B- plasmid were selected for further study. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) combined with S1-PFGE, Southern hybridization and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis showed that both horizontal transfer and clonal spread contributed to dissemination of the blaCTX-M-55 gene among the E. coli. blaCTX-M-55 was located on different F18:A-:B1 plasmids with sizes between ~76 and ~173 kb. In addition, the presence of blaCTX-M-55 with other resistance genes (e.g., tetA, floR, fosA3, blaTEM, aadA5 CmlA and InuF) on the same F18:A-:B1 plasmid may result in co-selection of resistance determinants and accelerate the dissemination of blaCTX-M-55 in E. coli. In summary, the F18:A-:B1 plasmid may play an important role in the transmission of blaCTX-M-55 in E. coli, and the continuous monitoring of the prevalence and transmission mechanism of blaCTX-M-55 in duck-fish polyculture farms remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jin-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Xin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Zi Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi-Li Ding
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong-Min Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Song HJ, Moon DC, Kim SJ, Mechesso AF, Choi JH, Boby N, Kang HY, Na SH, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Cattle and Pigs in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:7-16. [PMID: 36577050 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from food animals pose a major health threat to the public on this planet. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and pig fecal samples and investigate the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli using gene identification, conjugation, and Southern blot approach. Overall 293 E. coli were recovered from cattle (120 isolates) and pigs (173 isolates) in 7 provinces of Korea during 2017-2018. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole resistance rates were the highest in pigs' isolates (>60%, p ≤ 0.001) compared to that in cattle (3-39%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was higher in pig isolates (73%) than in cattle (31%), and the MDR profile usually includes streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials such as ceftiofur, colistin, and ciprofloxacin was higher in weaners than those from finishers in pigs. The qnrS gene was detected in 13% of the pig isolates. Eight isolates from pigs and one isolate from cattle were identified as ESBL-producers and ESBL genes belonged to blaCTX-M-55 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 3), and blaCTX-M-65 (n = 2). Notably, the blaCTX-M-65 and qnrS1 genes were found to be carried together in an identical plasmid (IncHI2) in two isolates from finisher pigs. The blaCTX-M-carrying isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups B1 (n = 4), B2 (n = 2), A (n = 2), and D (n = 1). The blaCTX-M genes and non-β-lactam resistance traits were transferred to the E. coli J53 recipient from seven blaCTX-M-positive strains isolated from pigs. The blaCTX-M genes belonged to the IncI1α, IncFII, and IncHI2 plasmids and are also associated with the ISEcp1, IS26, IS903, and orf477 elements. These findings suggested the possibility of blaCTX-M-carrying E. coli transmission to humans through direct contact with cattle and pigs or contamination of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Song
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea.,Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Choi
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Boby
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Na
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira M, Leão C, Clemente L, Albuquerque T, Amaro A. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of Escherichia coli from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102044. [PMID: 36296320 PMCID: PMC9608943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. E. coli isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique. The molecular characterization of acquired resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and colistin and the detection of integrons was performed by a multiplex PCR. For most antibiotics tested, the prevalence of reduced susceptibility is higher in commensal and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC producers from broilers raised in the intensive system, compared with those raised under extensive conditions. SHV-12 was the most common ESBL enzyme found in both production systems. Other ESBL variants such as CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-9, TEM-52, and plasmid-encoded AmpC enzyme CMY-2 were also present. MCR-1 was identified in a colistin-resistant isolate from broilers raised under the intensive system. This study highlights the differences in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility from both production types and emphasizes that a great deal of work remains to decrease consumption and antimicrobial resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Food Animals in South Korea, 2010-2020. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030524. [PMID: 35336100 PMCID: PMC8949494 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food animals pose a major public health threat worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance trends of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of healthy cattle, pigs, and chickens in South Korea during 2010 and 2020. A total of 7237 E. coli isolates (2733 cattle, 2542 pig, and 1962 chicken isolates) were tested for susceptibility towards 12 antimicrobials. About 48%, 90%, and 97% of cattle, pig, and chicken isolates, respectively, were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Cattle isolates presented low resistance (<15%) to most of the tested antimicrobials. In contrast, chicken and pig isolates demonstrated a relatively high (>45%) resistance rate to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline. We observed high ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance rates in chicken (76.1% and 88.6%, respectively), isolates in pig (12.7% and 26.7%, respectively) and cattle (2.7% and 8.2%, respectively) isolates. Notably, a very small proportion of isolates (<5%) from cattle, chickens, and pigs demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and colistin. We identified ceftiofur resistance in a small proportion of chicken (8.8%), pig (3.7%), and cattle (0.7%) isolates. We noted an increasing but fluctuating trend of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin resistance in pig isolates. Similarly, the ampicillin, ceftiofur, and chloramphenicol resistance rates were increased but fluctuated through time in chicken isolates. Overall, 56% of the isolates showed multidrug-resistant (MDR). The proportion of MDR isolates was low in cattle (17.1%); however, this proportion was high in chickens (87.1%) and pigs (73.7%). Most of the resistance patterns included streptomycin and tetracycline in pigs and cattle, and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in chickens. In conclusion, this study showed high resistance of commensal E. coli isolated from major food animals in Korea to commonly used antimicrobials including critically important antimicrobials. These bacteria could not only be a resistance reservoir but also could have potential to spread this resistance through gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in food animals highlights the urgent need for measures to restrict and ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials in Korea.
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Clemente L, Leão C, Moura L, Albuquerque T, Amaro A. Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli from Fresh Meat in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111333. [PMID: 34827270 PMCID: PMC8615096 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/PMAβ) among Escherichia coli producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of E. coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes. The highest frequency of E. coli non-wild type to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was observed in broiler meat (30.3% and 93.3%, respectively). Overall, a diversity of acquired resistance mechanisms, were detected: blaESBL [blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 12), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-65 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-27 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-9 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 11), blaSHV-12 (n = 27), blaTEM-52 (n = 1)], blaPMAβ [blaCMY-2 (n = 8)], PMQR [qnrB (n = 27), qnrS (n = 21) and aac(6')-Ib-type (n = 4)] and PMCR [mcr-1 (n = 8)]. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed through the food chain to multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying diverse plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, posing a great hazard to food safety and a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Laura Moura
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy Science, University of Lisbon, FFUL, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
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Zhang S, Chen S, Abbas M, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huan J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. High incidence of multi-drug resistance and heterogeneity of mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased ducks in Sichuan province of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112475. [PMID: 34243112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmonious ecological environment is a major concern with rising feeding and consumption of ducks, as these waterfowl birds can promote the spread of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Therefore, this study was conducted to know diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), integrons, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from intestinal contents or pericardial effusion of diseased ducks from 2018 to 2020 in Sichuan, China. The AMR phenotype was determined via disk diffusion test in 165 E. coli isolates. Further, the integrase genes of integron (intI1, intI2 and intI3 genes), gene cassettes (GCs) and MGEs were screened by PCR and sequencing. The results indicated 100% isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 98.8% were multidrug-resistant strains. Highest AMR phenotype was recorded to rifampin (97.0%) followed by ampicillin (95.8%), chloramphenicol (89.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.2%), ciprofloxacin (83.0%), cefotaxime (80.0%), streptomycin (75.8%), doxycycline (49.7%), amikacin (10.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3.6%), polymyxin B (1.2%) and ertapenem (0.6%). Further, class 1 and 2 integrons were found in 87.3% and 17.6% isolates, respectively. All isolates were negative for intI3 gene. The variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons contained total 13 different GCs, including arr-3+dfrA27, dfrA1+aadA1, dfrA17+aadA5, dfrA12, dfrA1+sat2+aadA1, dfrA12+aadA2, dfrA5, aadA2+ere(A)+dfrA32, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA22, aadA5, dfrA17, and dfrA27. Moreover, 13 MGEs in 69 different combinations were observed with predominance of IS26 followed by tnpA/Tn21, trbC, ISEcp1, merA, ISAba1, tnsA, tnsB, tnsC, IS1133, tnsD, ISCR3/14, and tnsE. Thus, the monitoring of integrons, MGEs and ARGs is important to understand the complex mechanism of AMR, which might help to introduce interventions for prevention and control of AMR in duck farms in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Juan Huan
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Kim YA, Kim H, Seo YH, Park GE, Lee H, Lee K. Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli From Multiple Sectors of the Swine Industry in Korea: A Korean Nationwide Monitoring Program for a One Health Approach to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:285-292. [PMID: 33303713 PMCID: PMC7748096 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One health is a flexible concept with many facets, including the environment, community, and the nosocomial super-bacteria resistance network. We investigated the molecular prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in workers, livestock, and the farm environment in Korea. Methods ESBL-EC isolates were obtained from samples from 19 swine farms, 35 retail stores, seven slaughterhouses, and 45 related workers throughout Korea from August 2017 to July 2018, using ChromID ESBL (BioM?rieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) agar and enrichment broth. The presence of ESBL and mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes and antimicrobial resistance were determined. Clonality was evaluated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results In total, 232 ESBL-EC isolates were obtained from 1,614 non-duplicated samples (14.4% positive rate). The ESBL-EC isolates showed regional and source-related differences. blaCTX-M-55 (N=100), blaCTX-M-14 (N=65), blaCTX-M-15 (N=33), and blaCTX-M-65 (N=23) were common ESBL types. The ESBL-EC isolates showed high resistance rates for various antimicrobial classes; however, all isolates were susceptible to carbapenem. One swine-originating colistin-resistant isolate did not carry any known mcr gene. PFGE was successful for 197 of the 232 isolates, and most PFGE types were heterogeneous, except for some dominant PFGE types (O, R, T, U, and V). MLST of 88 isolates was performed for representative PFGE types; however, no dominant sequence type was observed. Conclusions The proportion of ESBL-EC in swine industry-related samples was significant, and the isolates harbored common clinical ESBL gene types. These molecular epidemiologic data could provide important evidence for antimicrobial-resistance control through a one health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hee Seo
- Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Go Eun Park
- Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Clinical Laboratories Academy, Yongin, Korea
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12
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Leão C, Clemente L, Moura L, Seyfarth AM, Hansen IM, Hendriksen RS, Amaro A. Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing Escherichia coli From Retail Meat in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653595. [PMID: 34354678 PMCID: PMC8329498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae from different sources impose a global public health threat. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing four Escherichia coli strains harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene identified among 49 isolates from beef and pork collected at retail. The genomic content was determined using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology web tools. Additionally, the prediction and reconstruction of plasmids were conducted, the genetic platform of the blaCTX–M–65 genes was investigated, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 17 other genomes with the same sequence type and harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene. All strains harbored blaCTX–M–65, blaOXA–1, and blaTEM–1B, and one also carried the blaSHV–12 gene. Other resistance genes, namely, qnrS2, aac(6′)-Ib-c, dfrA14, sul2, tetA, and mphA, were present in all the genomes; the mcr-1.1 gene was identified in the colistin-resistant strains. They belong to sequence type 2179, phylogenetic group B1, and serotype O9:H9 and carried plasmids IncI, IncFIC(FII), and IncFIB. All strains share an identical genetic environment with IS903 and ISEcp1 flanking the blaCTX–M–65 gene. It seems likely that the blaCTX–M–65 gene is located in the chromosome in all isolates based on deep in silico analysis. Our findings showed that the strains are clonally related and belong to two sub-lineages. This study reports the emergence of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli in Portugal in food products of animal origin. The chromosomal location of the blaCTX–M–65 gene may ensure a stable spread of resistance in the absence of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Évora, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Moura
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge M Hansen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
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Song J, Kim J, Oh SS, Shin J. Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Vegetable Farm Soil in South Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1489-1494. [PMID: 33926223 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The populations of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) have increasingly disseminated in humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and molecular characteristics of ESBL-EC isolates obtained from vegetable farm soil. In total, 200 soil samples were collected from vegetable farms in Incheon, South Korea, between 2018 and 2019 and cultured on MacConkey screening plates supplemented with 2 μg/mL cefotaxime. Cefotaxime-resistant ESBL-EC isolates were recovered from 4.0% (8/200) of the soil samples. All eight isolates were nonsusceptible to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, and cefepime and harbored blaCTX-M-type ESBL genes, including blaCTX-M-15 (50.0%), blaCTX-M-55 (25.0%), and blaCTX-M-14 (25.0%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the B1 lineage was predominant (75.0%), followed by A (12.5%) and B2 (12.5%) lineages. Multilocus sequence typing revealed eight different E. coli sequence types (STs), including ST10, ST73, ST155, ST847, ST2521, ST3285, ST5173, and ST9479. Notably, ST10 and ST73 belong to the global extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages. Our findings demonstrated that the farm soil environment may serve as a reservoir of human-associated multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Song
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- Incheon Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- Incheon Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Song J, Oh SS, Kim J, Shin J. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw vegetables in South Korea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19721. [PMID: 33184462 PMCID: PMC7661520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become a global concern because of their clinical impact on both human and veterinary medicine. The present study determined the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular genetic features of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) isolates from raw vegetables. A total of 1324 samples were collected from two agricultural wholesale markets in Incheon, South Korea in 2018. The ESBL-EC strains were isolated from 0.83% (11/1324) samples, and all of them were resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazoline, cefotaxime, and nalidixic acid and yielded CTX-M-type ESBL, including CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-65. The isolates belonged to phylogenetic subgroups D (n = 5), A (n = 4), and B1 (n = 2). Multilocus sequence typing revealed nine known E. coli sequence types (STs), including ST10, ST38, ST69, ST101, ST224, ST349, ST354, ST2509, ST2847, and two new STs. Notably, ST69, ST10, ST38, and ST354 belong to the major human-associated extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages. Our results demonstrate that ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant pathogens may be transmitted to humans through the vegetable intake, highlighting the importance of resistance monitoring and intervention in the One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Song
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- Incheon Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, 22320, South Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- Incheon Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, 22320, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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15
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Song HJ, Moon DC, Mechesso AF, Kang HY, Kim MH, Choi JH, Kim SJ, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Resistance Profiling and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum/Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Broiler Chickens in South Korea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1434. [PMID: 32962074 PMCID: PMC7564670 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-and/or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens slaughtered for human consumption in Korea. A total of 332 E. coli isolates were identified from 339 cloacal swabs in 2019. More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. ESBL/pAmpC-production was noted in 14% (46/332) of the isolates. Six of the CTX-M-β-lactamase-producing isolates were found to co-harbor at least one plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene. We observed the co-existence of blaCMY-2 and mcr-1 genes in the same isolate for the first time in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the majority of blaCMY-2-carrying isolates belonged to subgroup D. Conjugation confirmed the transferability of blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes, as well as non-β-lactam resistance traits from 60.9% (28/46) of the ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates to a recipient E. coli J53. The ISECP, IS903, and orf477 elements were detected in the upstream or downstream regions. The blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes mainly belonged to the IncI1, IncHI2, and/or IncFII plasmids. Additionally, the majority of ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates exhibited heterogeneous PFGE profiles. This study showed that healthy chickens act as reservoirs of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli that can potentially be transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (D.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (H.Y.K.); (M.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-S.Y.)
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16
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Kim S, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim M, Kwak H, Ryu S. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characteristics in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meats in Korea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E508. [PMID: 32252466 PMCID: PMC7232390 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has posed a critical health risk to both humans and animals, because resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics makes treatment for commonly infectious diseases more complicated. In this study, we report the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-ECs isolated from retail meat samples in Korea. A total of 1205 E. coli strains were isolated from 3234 raw meat samples, purchased from nationwide retail stores between 2015 and 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates by a broth microdilution method, and the ESBL phenotype was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) confirmatory method. All ESBL-EC isolates (n = 29) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility types, E. coli phylogroups, and phylogenetic relations were investigated based on the WGS data. The prevalence of ESBL-ECs in chicken was significantly higher than that in other meat samples. The results in this study demonstrate that clonally diverse ESBL-ECs with a multidrug resistance phenotype were distributed nationwide, although their prevalence from retail meat was 0.9%. The dissemination of ESBL-ECs from retail meat poses a potential risk to consumers and food-handlers, suggesting that the continuous surveillance of ESBL-ECs in retail meat should be conducted at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yonghoon Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Migyeong Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyosun Kwak
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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17
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Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter coli from Duck Sources and Its Potential Threat to Public Health: Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Relatedness. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110579. [PMID: 31752343 PMCID: PMC6920863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, a common foodborne human pathogen, is considered sensitive to oxygen. Recently, aerotolerant (AT) Campylobacter jejuni with the ability to survive under aerobic stress has been reported. Here, we investigated the prevalence of hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) Campylobacter coli from duck sources (118 carcasses and meat) and its characteristics to assess potential impacts on public health. Half of 56 C. coli isolates were HAT and most harbored various virulence genes including flaA, cadF, cdtA, ceuB, and wlaN. Moreover, 98.2% of C. coli isolates showed resistance to quinolones, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), and nine (16.1%) showed high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL) and most of these were HAT. Based on genetic relatedness between C. coli from duck sources and those from human sources (PubMLST and NCBI), HAT isolates sharing the same MLST sequence types were significantly more prevalent than those not sharing the same sequence types as those from human sources. Therefore, HAT C. coli is prevalent in duck sources, and is most likely transmitted to humans through the food chain given its aerotolerance. This being so, it might pose a threat to public health given its virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study will assist in improving control strategies to reduce farm-to-table HAT C. coli transmission to humans.
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