Interaction Between CYP4F2 rs2108622 and CPY4A11 rs9333025 Variants Is Significantly Correlated with Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Level

Genetic Variants of CYP4F2 Associated with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in the Han Population from Southern China

Background

The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex. Traditional risk factors cannot fully or only partially explain the occurrence and development of IS. Genetic factors are getting more and more attention. Our study aimed to explore the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to IS.

Methods

A total of 1322 volunteers were enrolled to perform an association analysis through SNPStats online software. Using FPRP (false-positive report probability) to detect whether the result is a noteworthy finding. The interaction of SNP-SNP in IS risk was assessed by multi-factor dimensionality reduction. Statistical analysis of this study was mainly completed by SPSS 22.0 software.

Results

Mutant allele "A" (OR = 1.24) and genotype "AA" (OR = 1.49) or "GA" (OR = 1.26) of CYP4F2-rs2108622 are risk genetic factors for IS. Rs2108622 is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS among subjects who are females, aging >60 years old, with BMI ≥24 kg/m², and smoking or drinking volunteers. CYP4F2-rs3093106 and -rs3093105 are associated with susceptibility to IS among smoking, drinking subjects, or IS patients complicated with hypertension.

Conclusion

CYP4F2-rs2108622, -rs3093106, and -rs3093105 are associated with an increased risk of IS.

Effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2J2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP4F2, CYP4F3 and CYP4A11 enzymes in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP4F2, CYP4F3 and CYP4A11 genetic polymorphisms in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHT) patients in a sample of Turkish population.

MATERIALS-METHODS

Patients (n = 168; 110 GHT and 58 preeclampsia) and healthy pregnant women (n = 155, controls) participated in the study. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis (RFLP) were used. Substance levels were measured using LC-MS.

RESULTS

Plasma DHET levels in GHT and preeclampsia patients were significantly lower than those in the control group (62.7%, 66.3% vs.100.0%, respectively, p < 0.0001). An increase in CYP2J2*7 allele frequency was observed in the preeclampsia group, as compared to GHT group (12.1% vs. 4.5%; odds ratio, O.R. = 2.88, p < 0.01). The frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and*17 alleles were higher in GHT group as compared to the control group (17.7% vs. 11.6%, O.R. = 1.99, p < 0.01; and 28.6% vs.18.4%, O.R. = 2.03, p < 0.01, respectively). An increased frequency of CYP4F3 rs3794987 G allele was found in GHT group as compared to the control group (48.0% vs. 38.0%; O.R. = 1.53, p < 0.01).

DISCUSSION

DHET plasma levels were significantly reduced in hypertensive pregnant groups as compared to the control group. The allele frequency distributions for CYP2J2*7, CYP2C19 *2, *17 and CYP4F3 rs3794987 were significantly different in hypertensive pregnant patients as compared to the healthy control subjects. Our results may suggest that investigated genetic polymorphisms may be useful in diagnosis and clinical management of GHT and preeclampsia patients.

Contribution of CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms in coronary heart disease risk among the Chinese Han population

The previous study has pointed to that endogenous CYP metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The study aimed to identify the association of CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms with CHD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A total of 960 genetically unrelated participants consist of 480 CHD patients and 480 healthy controls were enrolled. Nine SNPs in CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 were randomly selected and genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Logistic regression analysis was used for the relationship between selected SNPs and CHD susceptibility by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age and gender. The distribution of clinical characteristics in different genotypes was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). CYP1A2 rs2470890 TT genotype had a higher CHD risk compared with CC genotype (OR = 3.06, p = 0.032) or CC-CT genotype (OR = 3.04, p = 0.033). Moreover, the contribution of CYP19A1 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms to CHD susceptibility was associated with age, gender, and clinical phenotypes (course of the disease and Gensini score). Besides, CYP1A2 rs762551 was related to serum levels of red blood cell, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.05). Our findings provided scientific evidence about CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms on CHD incidence.

Uncovering the signalling, structure and function of the 20-HETE-GPR75 pairing: Identifying the chemokine CCL5 as a negative regulator of GPR75

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR75 (Gq) and its ligand, the cytochrome P450-derived vasoactive eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), are involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory and hypertensive signalling cascades contributing to diabetes, obesity, vascular dysfunction/remodelling, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Little is known as to how, where and with what affinity 20-HETE interacts with GPR75.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

To better understand the pairing of 20-HETE and its receptor (GPR75), we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine binding affinity/kinetics. The PRESTO-Tango receptor-ome methodology for GPR75 overexpression was coupled with FLIPR Calcium 6 assays, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP-1 and β-arrestin recruitment assays to determine receptor activation and downstream signalling events.

KEY RESULTS

SPR confirmed 20-HETE binding to GPR75 with an estimated K_D of 1.56 × 10^-10  M. In GPR75-transfected HTLA cells, 20-HETE stimulated intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, IP-1 accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment, all of which were negated by known 20-HETE functional antagonists. Computational modelling of the putative ligand-binding pocket and mutation of Thr212 within the putative 20-HETE binding site abolished 20-HETE's ability to stimulate GPR75 activation. Knockdown of GPR75 in human endothelial cells nullified 20-HETE-stimulated intracellular Ca²⁺ . The chemokine CCL5, a suggested GPR75 ligand, binds to GPR75 (K_D of 5.85 × 10^-10  M) yet fails to activate GPR75; however, it inhibited 20-HETE's ability to activate GPR75 signalling.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

We have identified 20-HETE as a high-affinity ligand for GPR75 and CCL5 as a low-affinity negative regulator of GPR75, providing additional evidence for the deorphanization of GPR75 as a 20-HETE receptor.

20-HETE-promoted cerebral blood flow autoregulation is associated with enhanced pericyte contractility

We previously reported that deficiency in 20-HETE or CYP4A impaired the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats. The present study demonstrated that CYP4A was coexpressed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and most pericytes along parenchymal arteries (PAs) isolated from SD rats. Cell contractile capabilities of cerebral VSMCs and pericytes were reduced with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, but restored with 20-HETE analog WIT003. Similarly, intact myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery and PA of SD rats decreased with HET0016 and were rescued by WIT003. The myogenic response of the PA was abolished in SS and was restored in SS.BN5 and SS.Cyp4a1 rats. HET0016 enhanced CBF and impaired its autoregulation in the surface and deep cortex of SD rats. These results demonstrate that 20-HETE has a direct effect on cerebral mural cell contractility that may play an essential role in controlling cerebral vascular function.

The correlation between CYP4F2 variants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in Hainan Han population

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex pulmonary disease. Cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 (CYP4F2) belongs to cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes responsible for metabolism, its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were reported to be involved in metabolism in the development of many diseases. The study aimed to assess the relation between CYP4F2 SNPs and COPD risk in the Hainan Han population.

Method

We genotyped five SNPs in CYP4F2 in 313 cases and 508 controls by Agena MassARRAY assay. The association between CYP4F2 SNPs and COPD risk were assessed by χ² test and genetic models. Besides, logistic regression analysis was introduced into the calculation for odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Allele model analysis indicated that rs3093203 A was significantly correlated with an increased risk of COPD. Also, rs3093193 G and rs3093110 G were associated with a reduced COPD risk. In the genetic models, we found that rs3093203 was related to an increased COPD risk, while rs3093193 and rs3093110 were related to a reduced risk of COPD. After gender stratification, rs3093203, rs3093193 and rs3093110 showed the association with COPD risk in males. With smoking stratification, rs3093144 was significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD in smokers. CYP4F2 SNPs were significantly associated with COPD risk.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrated potential associations between CYP4F2 polymorphisms and COPD risk. However, large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to determine conclusively the association between the CYP4F2 SNPs and COPD risk.

Conflicting Roles of 20-HETE in Hypertension and Stroke

Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of hypertension and hypertension-related stroke is crucial. 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays an important role in vasoconstriction, autoregulation, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier integrity, has been linked to hypertension and stroke. 20-HETE can promote hypertension by potentiating the vascular response to vasoconstrictors; it also can reduce blood pressure by inhibition of sodium transport in the kidney. The production of 20-HETE is elevated after the onset of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; on the other hand, subjects with genetic variants in CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 that reduce 20-HETE production are more susceptible to stroke. This review summarizes recent genetic variants in CYP4F2, and CYP4A11 influencing 20-HETE production and discusses the role of 20-HETE in hypertension and the susceptibility to the onset, progression, and prognosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

A rapid UPLC-MS/MS assay for eicosanoids in human plasma: Application to evaluate niacin responsivity

A rapid and sensitive method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), dihydroxyeicosatrienoic (DiHETrE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and prostaglandin metabolites of arachidonic acid in human plasma. Sample preparation consisted of solid phase extraction with Oasis HLB (30mg) cartridges for all metabolites. Separation of HETEs, EETs, and DiHETrEs was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 1.7µm (100×2.1mm) reversed-phase column (Waters Corp, Millford, MA) with negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. A second injection of the same extracted sample allowed for separation and assessment of prostaglandin metabolites under optimized UPLC-MS/MS conditions. Additionally, the endogenous levels of these metabolites in five different matrices were determined in order to select the optimal matrix for assay development. Human serum albumin was shown to have the least amount of endogenous metabolites, a recovery efficiency of 79-100% and a matrix effect of 71 - 100%. Linear calibration curves ranging from 0.416 to 66.67ng/ml were validated. Inter-assay and intra-assay variance was less than 15% at most concentrations. This method was successfully applied to quantify metabolite levels in plasma samples of healthy control subjects receiving niacin administration to evaluate the association between niacin administration and eicosanoid plasma level response.

Genetic role of CYP4A11 polymorphisms in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

BACKGROUND

We are interested in comprehensively evaluating the potential genetic influence of rs9332978 A/G, rs1126742 T/C, and rs9333025 G/A polymorphisms of CYP4A11 (cytochrome P450 family 4, subfamily A, member 11) in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was carried out using articles obtained from online databases and Stata/SE 12.0 software. We primarily used a P value of association test (P_association ) and odds ratios (OR) to assess the genetic relationships.

RESULTS

We included 22 eligible case-control articles for our meta-analysis. For the overall meta-analysis of the rs9332978 A/G polymorphism, there was an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in cases under the models of allele G vs. A (P_association  = 0.001, OR = 1.16), AG vs. AA (P_association  < 0.001, OR = 1.22), and AG+GG vs. AA (P_association  < 0.001, OR = 1.22) compared with the controls. There were similar results in the subgroup analysis of "hypertension" (P_association  = 0.024 for the allele model; P_association  = 0.003 for the heterozygote model; and P_association  = 0.005 for the dominant model). For rs1126742, there was a significant difference between cases and controls in the overall meta-analysis and subgroup of "Caucasian," "hypertension," and "population-based (PB)" under all of the genetic models (all P_association  < 0.05, OR > 1). Furthermore, a decreased risk was detected in the overall and "PB" subgroup meta-analysis of rs9333025 under the models of A vs. G, AA vs. GG, and AA vs. GG+GA (all P_association  < 0.05, OR < 1).

CONCLUSION

The rs1126742 T/C polymorphism of CYP4A11 is more likely to be a genetic risk factor for the hypertension cases in the Caucasian population. Moreover, whereas the AG genotype of CYP4A11 rs9332978 may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, the AA genotype of rs9333025 may be linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection

Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.

Cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 (CYP4F2) rs1558139, rs2108622 polymorphisms and susceptibility to several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Background

Inconsistent conclusions have been reported for the genetic relationship between CYP4F2 (Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily F Member 2) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis to assess the potential role of rs1558139 C/T and rs2108622 G/A polymorphisms of CYP4F2 in the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The retrieval of four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG DATA, was conducted. Mantel-Haenszel statistics for association test, Cochran’s Q statistic, sensitivity analysis for heterogeneity assessment, and Begg’s/Egger’s tests for publication bias evaluation were performed under allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models, respectively.

Results

A total of 597 articles were initially obtained by database searching, and twenty eligible articles were finally included. For rs1558139, a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was observed in the overall meta-analysis and in “hypertension”, “population-based” and “male” subgroups under models of T vs. C, CT vs. CC, and CT + TT vs. CC [all P values in association tests < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) < 1]. For rs2108622, a decreased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk was observed in the subgroup meta-analysis based on disease type under all genetic models (all P values in association tests < 0.05, OR< 1). Begg’s/Egger’s tests excluded the potential publication bias, while sensitivity analysis data supported the stability of the above results.

Conclusion

C/T genotype of CYP4AF2 rs1558139 may be linked to the decreased risk of hypertension in the male patients of Asian populations, while CYP4F2 rs2108622 is likely associated with reduced susceptibility to CAD.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0763-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Interactions between CYP11B2 Promoter Methylation and Smoking Increase Risk of Essential Hypertension

Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is closely linked to essential hypertension (EH). However, it remains unclear whether the methylation of the CYP11B2 promoter is involved in the development of EH in humans. Our study is aimed at evaluating the contribution of CYP11B2 promoter methylation to the risk of EH. Methylation levels were measured using pyrosequencing technology in 192 participants in a hospital-based case-control study. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to adjust for confounding factors and the GMDR method was applied to investigate high-order gene-environment interactions. Although no significant result was observed linking the four analyzed CpG sites to EH, GMDR detected significant interactions among CpG1, CpG3, CpG4, and smoking correlated with an increased risk of EH (OR = 4.62, adjusted P = 0.011). In addition, CpG2 (adjusted P = 0.013) and CpG3 (adjusted P = 0.039) methylation was significantly lower in healthy males than in healthy females. Likewise, after adjusting for confounding factors, CpG2 methylation (adjusted P = 0.007) still showed significant gender-specific differences among the participants of the study. CpG1 (P = 0.009) site was significantly positively correlated with age, and CpG3 (P = 0.007) and CpG4 (P = 0.006) were both inversely linked to smoking. Our findings suggest that gene-environment interactions are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of EH.

CYP Genetic Variants, CYP Metabolite Levels, and Neurologic Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Population

BACKGROUND

The mechanisms of neurologic deterioration (ND) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between CYP genetic variants and CYP metabolite levels with ND in acute ischemic stroke patients.

METHODS

Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven CYP genes were genotyped in 396 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The CYP plasma metabolite levels (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE], total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs], and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids [DiHETEs]) were also assessed. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days on admission. ND was defined as an increase of two or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.

RESULTS

Among 396 patients, 101 patients (25.5%) experienced ND. The plasma levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs were significantly higher and the EET levels were significantly lower in patients with ND compared to patients without ND. Univariate analyses revealed that old age, diabetes mellitus (DM), higher fasting glucose, and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with ND. CYP2C8 rs17110453 CC, EPHX2 rs751141 GG, and CYP4A11 rs9333025 GG were independently associated with ND after adjusting age, DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.72; OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29-7.13; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.24, respectively). Also, these polymorphisms were associated with CYP metabolite levels in patients with ND.

CONCLUSIONS

ND is fairly common in acute ischemic stroke. Specific CYP gene SNPs are associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels, which may explain their associations with ND. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.