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Sun J, Meng J, Shan J, Lu H, Wei W, Zhang S, Zhang L. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to tooth loss and dentures among patients with dental arch deficiencies. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1810. [PMID: 38971726 PMCID: PMC11227721 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth loss is a common problem that affects many people worldwide. Exploring knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among patients can identify barriers and challenges in following recommended practices, providing valuable insights for dental healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. This study aimed to explore the KAP of patients with dental arch deficiencies regarding tooth loss and dentures. METHODS This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with dental arch deficiencies using a self-designed questionnaire. RESULT 3166 valid questionnaires were included. Participants' mean KAP scores were 6.84 ± 2.27 (possible range: 0 ~ 12), 39.4 ± 3.72 (possible range: 9 ~ 45), and 27.7 ± 4.36 (possible range: 8 ~ 40), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge (OR = 1.383), employed (OR = 1.805), family history (OR = 2.158), and treatment (OR = 1.683) were independently associated with attitude. Moreover, knowledge (OR = 1.239), attitude (OR = 1.250), female (OR = 0.619), age (OR = 0.967), college/bachelor (OR = 0.373), and master and above degree (OR = 0.418), employed (OR = 0.554) or student (OR = 0.434), with 10,001-20,000 Yuan household income per month (OR = 0.492), have been married (OR = 0.609), smoking (OR = 0.595), drinking (OR = 0.397), disease duration (OR = 0.972), with family history (OR = 1.676), and with treatment (OR = 3.492) were independently associated with practice (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with dental arch deficiencies have insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and moderate practice toward tooth loss and dentures, which might be affected by multiple demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, China
| | - Junru Meng
- Hospital Infection Management Office, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, China
| | - Jianliang Shan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatologic Hospital Shungeng Branch, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital East Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, No.52, Huanshan Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital East Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, No.52, Huanshan Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Cosmetic Dentistry, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, No.82, Wei'er Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, China.
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Bell CN, Owens-Young JL, Thorpe RJ. Self-Employment, Working Hours, and Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2207-2217. [PMID: 36068481 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a large literature on work-related characteristics and hypertension, but studies on self-employment, longer working hours, and hypertension are mixed. Assessments of self-employment should be extended to account for people with part-time self-employment (i.e., employees also earning income from self-employment). The aim of this study was to determine the association of different types of self-employment with hypertension among adults by race/ethnicity and to assess whether longer working hours moderated these associations. Using data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, measured hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg) was assessed and employment categories included employees, part-time self-employment (i.e., employee with self-employment income), or full-time self-employment. Modified Poisson regressions and multiplicative interaction terms were used. Having full-time self-employment was associated with lower relative risk (RR) of hypertension compared to employees among Black (RR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61-0.96) and White men (RR = 0.77, 0.65-0.93) compared to employees. Full-time self-employment was associated with higher risk of hypertension (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01-1.82) compared to employees among Hispanic women, while part-time self-employment was associated with lower risk (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.98). Among White women, part-time self-employment was associated with higher relative risk of hypertension (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05-1.53) compared to employees. There were significant interactions between employment categories and longer working hours among Hispanic women as well as Black women and men. The results suggest that self-employment categories and longer working hours impact hypertension by race/ethnicity and sex. Because the number of full-time and part-time self-employed adults has increased, the health of this particular subgroup of workers should be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Roland J Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dzodzomenyo S, Narain KDC. Exploring the relationship between self-employment and women’s cardiovascular health. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 35870911 PMCID: PMC9308471 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared with wage and salary work, self-employment has been linked to more favorable cardiovascular health outcomes within the general population. Women comprise a significant proportion of the self-employed workforce and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Self-employed women represent a unique population in that their cardiovascular health outcomes may be related to gender-specific advantages of non-traditional employment. To date, no studies have comprehensively explored the association between self-employment and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among women. Methods We conducted a weighted cross-sectional analysis using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Our study sample consisted of 4624 working women (employed for wages and self-employed) enrolled in the 2016 HRS cohort. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between self-employment and several self-reported physical and mental health risk factors for cardiovascular disease, controlling for healthcare access. Results Among working women, self-employment was associated with a 34% decrease in the odds of reporting obesity, a 43% decrease in the odds of reporting hypertension, a 30% decrease in the odds of reporting diabetes, and a 68% increase in the odds of reporting participation in at least twice-weekly physical activity (p < 0.05). BMI for self-employed women was on average 1.79 units lower than it was for women working for wages (p < 0.01). Conclusions Employment structure may have important implications for cardiovascular health among women, and future studies should explore the causal relationship between self-employment and cardiovascular health outcomes in this population. Trial Registration: Not applicable.
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Bell CN, Tavares CD, Owens-Young JL, Thorpe RJ. Self-employment, educational attainment, and hypertension among Black women and men. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:991628. [PMID: 38455288 PMCID: PMC10910997 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.991628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Self-employment is generally associated with better health outcomes and educational attainment can shape self-employment. Yet, Black Americans are less likely to be self-employed and analyses of self-employment and health among Black Americans are few. The aim of this study was to determine how educational attainment moderates the associations between self-employment and hypertension among Black adults. Methods Using data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, participants who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (n = 2,855) were categorized as (1) employees with no self-employment income, (2) employees with self-employment income, or (3) having full-time self-employment. Modified Poisson regressions and multiplicative interaction terms were used to determine whether educational attainment moderated the associations between self-employment and measured hypertension (i.e., 140/90 mm Hg or anti-hypertensive medication). Results Most participants were employees with no self-employment income (81.9%), but 11.8% were employees reporting some self-employment income and 6.3% were self-employed full-time. About two in five (40.9%) had hypertension. Having full-time self-employment was associated with lower risk of hypertension compared to those who were employees (risk ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.67-0.98), and educational attainment moderated the associations among Black men such that part-time self-employment was associated with high rates of hypertension among Black men who had not completed high school. Conclusions These results suggest that full-time self-employment is associated with lower risk of hypertension among Black adults, but that being an employee with some self-employment income may elevate rates of hypertension among Black men depending on educational attainment. Future studies should assess pathways between self-employment and hypertension by educational attainment among Black women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N. Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Carlos D. Tavares
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | | | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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