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Nassauer L, Staecker H, Huang P, Renslo B, Goblet M, Harre J, Warnecke A, Schott JW, Morgan M, Galla M, Schambach A. Protection from cisplatin-induced hearing loss with lentiviral vector-mediated ectopic expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102157. [PMID: 38450280 PMCID: PMC10915631 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent, but it can cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is closely related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent death of hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Despite various strategies to combat ototoxicity, only one therapeutic agent has thus far been clinically approved. Therefore, we have developed a gene therapy concept to protect cochlear cells from cisplatin-induced toxicity. Self-inactivating lentiviral (LV) vectors were used to ectopically express various antioxidant enzymes or anti-apoptotic proteins to enhance the cellular ROS scavenging or prevent apoptosis in affected cell types. In direct comparison, anti-apoptotic proteins mediated a stronger reduction in cytotoxicity than antioxidant enzymes. Importantly, overexpression of the most promising candidate, Bcl-xl, achieved an up to 2.5-fold reduction in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells, phoenix auditory neurons, and primary SGN cultures. BCL-XL protected against cisplatin-mediated tissue destruction in cochlear explants. Strikingly, in vivo application of the LV BCL-XL vector improved hearing and increased HC survival in cisplatin-treated mice. In conclusion, we have established a preclinical gene therapy approach to protect mice from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity that has the potential to be translated to clinical use in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Nassauer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Bryan Renslo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Madeleine Goblet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane W. Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Plastine MDP, Amalfi S, López MG, Gravisaco MJ, Taboga O, Alfonso V. Development of a stable Sf9 insect cell line to produce VSV-G pseudotyped baculoviruses. Gene Ther 2024; 31:187-194. [PMID: 38278988 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Baculoviruses have shown great potential as gene delivery vectors in mammals, although their effectiveness in transferring genes varies across different cell lines. A widely employed strategy to improve transduction efficiency is the pseudotyping of viral vectors. In this study, we aimed to develop a stable Sf9 insect cell line that inducibly expresses the G-protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus to pseudotype budded baculoviruses. It was obtained by inserting the VSV-G gene under the control of the very strong and infection-inducible pXXL promoter and was subsequently diluted to establish oligoclonal lines, which were selected by the fusogenic properties of VSV-G and its expression levels in infected cells and purified budded virions. Next, to enhance the performance of the cell line, the infection conditions under which functional pseudotyped baculoviruses are obtained were optimized. Finally, different baculoviruses were pseudotyped and the expression of the transgene was quantified in mammalian cells of diverse origins using flow cytometry. The transduction efficiency of pseudotyped baculovirus consistently increased across all tested mammalian cell lines compared with control viruses. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of improving gene delivery performance without the need to insert the pseudotyping gene into the baculoviral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Plastine
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Amalfi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Instituto de Biotecnología, Av. Vergara 2222, Villa Tesei, Hurlingham, B1688GEZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Taboga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Victoria Alfonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Selich A, Fleischauer J, Roepke T, Weisskoeppel L, Galla M, von Kaisenberg C, Maus UA, Schambach A, Rothe M. Inflammation-inducible promoters to overexpress immune inhibitory factors by MSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:270. [PMID: 37742038 PMCID: PMC10518110 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are excessively investigated in the context of inflammation-driven diseases, but the clinical results are often moderate. MSCs are naturally activated by inflammatory signals, which lead to the secretion of immune inhibitory factors in inflamed tissues. Many work groups try to improve the therapeutic outcome of MSCs by genetic modification and the constitutive overexpression of immune modulatory transgenes. However, the ectopic secretion of immune inhibitory transgenes increases the chances of infections, and constitutive transgene expression is not necessary for chronic diseases undergoing different inflammatory stages. METHODS We designed and tested inflammation-induced promoters to control transgene expression from integrating lentiviral vectors in human umbilical cord MSCs. Therefore, we investigated different combinations of general transcription factor elements to achieve a minimal promoter with low basal activity. The best candidates were combined with interferon-induced GAS or ISRE DNA motifs. The constructs with the highest transgene expression upon addition of pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared to vectorized promoters from inflammation-induced genes (CD317, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IDO1). Finally, we investigated IL10 as a potential immune inhibitory transgene by transcriptome analyses, ELISA and in an acute lung injury mouse model. RESULTS The synthetic promoters achieved a high and specific transgene expression upon IFN-γ addition. However, the CXCL11 promoter showed synergistic activity upon IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL1-β treatment and surpassed the transgene expression height of all tested promoters in the study. We observed in transcriptome analyses that IL10 has no effect on MSCs and in ELISA that IL10 is only secreted by our genetically modified and activated CXCL11-IL10-MSCs. Finally, transplanted CXCL11-IL10-MSCs increased CD19+ and CD4+ lymphoid cells, and decreased CD11b+ Ly6g myeloid cells in an ALI mouse model. CONCLUSION These results provide new insights into MSC inflammatory activation and the subsequent translation into a tool for a tailored expression of transgenes in inflammatory microenvironments. The newly developed promoter elements are potentially interesting for other inflamed tissues, and can be combined with other elements or used in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Selich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenni Fleischauer
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Roepke
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa Weisskoeppel
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rothe
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Building J11, HBZ, Level 01, Room, 6540, Hannover, Germany.
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Bastone AL, Dziadek V, John-Neek P, Mansel F, Fleischauer J, Agyeman-Duah E, Schaudien D, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Schwarzer A, Schambach A, Rothe M. Development of an in vitro genotoxicity assay to detect retroviral vector-induced lymphoid insertional mutants. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:515-533. [PMID: 37693949 PMCID: PMC10491817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment in retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy remains challenging. In clinical trials for different blood and immune disorders, insertional mutagenesis led to myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. We previously developed the In Vitro Immortalization Assay (IVIM) and Surrogate Assay for Genotoxicity Assessment (SAGA) for pre-clinical genotoxicity prediction of integrating vectors. Murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (mHSPCs) transduced with mutagenic vectors acquire a proliferation advantage under limiting dilution (IVIM) and activate stem cell- and cancer-related transcriptional programs (SAGA). However, both assays present an intrinsic myeloid bias due to culture conditions. To detect lymphoid mutants, we differentiated mHSPCs to mature T cells and analyzed their phenotype, insertion site pattern, and gene expression changes after transduction with retroviral vectors. Mutagenic vectors induced a block in differentiation at an early progenitor stage (double-negative 2) compared to fully differentiated untransduced mock cultures. Arrested samples harbored high-risk insertions close to Lmo2, frequently observed in clinical trials with severe adverse events. Lymphoid insertional mutants displayed a unique gene expression signature identified by SAGA. The gene expression-based highly sensitive molecular readout will broaden our understanding of vector-induced oncogenicity and help in pre-clinical prediction of retroviral genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella L. Bastone
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Violetta Dziadek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp John-Neek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Mansel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenni Fleischauer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Agyeman-Duah
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Glienke W, Dragon AC, Zimmermann K, Martyniszyn-Eiben A, Mertens M, Abken H, Rossig C, Altvater B, Aleksandrova K, Arseniev L, Kloth C, Stamopoulou A, Moritz T, Lode HN, Siebert N, Blasczyk R, Goudeva L, Schambach A, Köhl U, Eiz-Vesper B, Esser R. GMP-Compliant Manufacturing of TRUCKs: CAR T Cells targeting GD2 and Releasing Inducible IL-18. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839783. [PMID: 35401506 PMCID: PMC8988144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells can be highly effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but mostly fail in the treatment of solid tumors. Thus, approaches using 4th advanced CAR T cells secreting immunomodulatory cytokines upon CAR signaling, known as TRUCKs (“T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing”), are currently under investigation. Based on our previous development and validation of automated and closed processing for GMP-compliant manufacturing of CAR T cells, we here present the proof of feasibility for translation of this method to TRUCKs. We generated IL-18-secreting TRUCKs targeting the tumor antigen GD2 using the CliniMACS Prodigy® system using a recently described “all-in-one” lentiviral vector combining constitutive anti-GD2 CAR expression and inducible IL-18. Starting with 0.84 x 108 and 0.91 x 108 T cells after enrichment of CD4+ and CD8+ we reached 68.3-fold and 71.4-fold T cell expansion rates, respectively, in two independent runs. Transduction efficiencies of 77.7% and 55.1% was obtained, and yields of 4.5 x 109 and 3.6 x 109 engineered T cells from the two donors, respectively, within 12 days. Preclinical characterization demonstrated antigen-specific GD2-CAR mediated activation after co-cultivation with GD2-expressing target cells. The functional capacities of the clinical-scale manufactured TRUCKs were similar to TRUCKs generated in laboratory-scale and were not impeded by cryopreservation. IL-18 TRUCKs were activated in an antigen-specific manner by co-cultivation with GD2-expressing target cells indicated by an increased expression of activation markers (e.g. CD25, CD69) on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic mediators (e.g. IL-2, granzyme B, IFN-γ, perforin, TNF-α). Manufactured TRUCKs showed a specific cytotoxicity towards GD2-expressing target cells indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a decrease of target cell numbers, microscopic detection of cytotoxic clusters and detachment of target cells in real-time impedance measurements (xCELLigence). Following antigen-specific CAR activation of TRUCKs, CAR-triggered release IL-18 was induced, and the cytokine was biologically active, as demonstrated in migration assays revealing specific attraction of monocytes and NK cells by supernatants of TRUCKs co-cultured with GD2-expressing target cells. In conclusion, GMP-compliant manufacturing of TRUCKs is feasible and delivers high quality T cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Glienke
- ATMP-GMP Development Unit, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Glienke, ; Axel Schambach,
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Martyniszyn-Eiben
- ATMP-GMP Development Unit, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- ATMP-GMP Development Unit, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Cellular Therapy Center, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lubomir Arseniev
- Cellular Therapy Center, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kloth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andriana Stamopoulou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lilia Goudeva
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Glienke, ; Axel Schambach,
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- ATMP-GMP Development Unit, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cellular Therapy Center, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Esser
- ATMP-GMP Development Unit, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Baron Y, Sens J, Lange L, Nassauer L, Klatt D, Hoffmann D, Kleppa MJ, Barbosa PV, Keisker M, Steinberg V, Suerth JD, Vondran FWR, Meyer J, Morgan M, Schambach A, Galla M. Improved alpharetrovirus-based Gag.MS2 particles for efficient and transient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 into target cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:810-823. [PMID: 35141043 PMCID: PMC8801357 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-modifying technologies, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, are promising tools in the field of gene and cell therapies. However, high and prolonged expression of DNA-modifying enzymes may cause cytotoxic and genotoxic side effects and is therefore unwanted in therapeutic approaches. Consequently, development of new and potent short-term delivery methods is of utmost importance. Recently, we developed non-integrating gammaretrovirus- and MS2 bacteriophage-based Gag.MS2 (g.Gag.MS2) particles for transient transfer of non-retroviral CRISPR-Cas9 RNA into target cells. In the present study, we further improved the technique by transferring the system to the alpharetroviral vector platform (a.Gag.MS2), which significantly increased CRISPR-Cas9 delivery into target cells and allowed efficient targeted knockout of endogenous TP53/Trp53 genes in primary murine fibroblasts as well as primary human fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and cord-blood-derived CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. Strikingly, co-packaging of Cas9 mRNA and multiple single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) into a.Gag.MS2 chimera displayed efficient targeted knockout of up to three genes. Co-transfection of single-stranded DNA donor oligonucleotides during CRISPR-Cas9 particle production generated all-in-one particles, which mediated up to 12.5% of homology-directed repair in primary cell cultures. In summary, optimized a.Gag.MS2 particles represent a versatile tool for short-term delivery of DNA-modifying enzymes into a variety of target cells, including primary murine and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baron
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johanna Sens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Larissa Nassauer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Denise Klatt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Marc-Jens Kleppa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Maximilian Keisker
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Viviane Steinberg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Julia D Suerth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johann Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
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7
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Boudeffa D, Bertin B, Biek A, Mormin M, Leseigneur F, Galy A, Merten OW. Toward a Scalable Purification Protocol of GaLV-TR-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2020; 30:153-171. [PMID: 31516018 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2019.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LV) that are used in research and development as well as in clinical trials are in majority vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSVg) pseudotyped. The predominance of this pseudotype choice for clinical gene therapy studies is largely due to a lack of purification schemes for pseudotypes other than VSVg. In this study, we report for the first time the development of a new downstream process protocol allowing high-yield production of stable and infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV)-TR-LV particles. We identified critical conditions in tangential flow filtration (TFF) and chromatographic steps for preserving the infectivity/functionality of LV during purification. This was carried out by identifying for each step, the critical parameters affecting LV infectivity, including pH, salinity, presence of stabilizers, temperature, and by defining the optimal order of these steps. A three-step process was developed for GaLV-TR-LV purification consisting of one TFF and two chromatographic steps (ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography) permitting recoveries of >27% of infectious particles. With this process, purified GaLV-pseudotyped LV enabled the transduction of 70% human CD34+ cells in the presence of the Vectofusin-1 peptide, whereas in the same conditions nonpurified vector transduced only 9% of the cells (multiplicity of infection 20). Our protocol will allow for the first time the purification of GaLV-TR-LV that are biologically active, stable, and with sufficient recovery in the perspective of preclinical studies and clinical applications. Obviously, further optimizations are required to improve final vector yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mirella Mormin
- Généthon, Evry, France.,Integrare Research Unit (UMR_S951), Généthon, Inserm, Université Evry Val-d'Essonne, Université Paris Saclay, EPHE, Evry, France
| | | | - Anne Galy
- Généthon, Evry, France.,Integrare Research Unit (UMR_S951), Généthon, Inserm, Université Evry Val-d'Essonne, Université Paris Saclay, EPHE, Evry, France
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8
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Zimmermann K, Kuehle J, Dragon AC, Galla M, Kloth C, Rudek LS, Sandalcioglu IE, Neyazi B, Moritz T, Meyer J, Rossig C, Altvater B, Eiz-Vesper B, Morgan MA, Abken H, Schambach A. Design and Characterization of an "All-in-One" Lentiviral Vector System Combining Constitutive Anti-G D2 CAR Expression and Inducible Cytokines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020375. [PMID: 32041222 PMCID: PMC7072617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) so far have mostly failed in the treatment of solid tumors owing to a number of limitations, including an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and insufficient CAR T cell activation and persistence. Next-generation approaches using CAR T cells that secrete transgenic immunomodulatory cytokines upon CAR signaling, known as TRUCKs (“T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing”), are currently being explored. As TRUCKs were engineered by the transduction of T cells with two separate vectors, we developed a lentiviral modular “all-in-one” vector system that combines constitutive CAR expression and inducible nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-driven transgene expression for more efficient production of TRUCKs. Activation of the GD2-specific CAR via GD2+ target cells induced NFAT promoter-driven cytokine release in primary human T cells, and indicated a tight linkage of CAR-specific activation and transgene expression that was further improved by a modified NFATsyn promoter. As proof-of-concept, we showed that T cells containing the “all-in-one” vector system secrete the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)12 or IL18 upon co-cultivation with primary human GD2+ tumor cells, resulting in enhanced effector cell properties and increased monocyte recruitment. This highlights the potential of our system to simplify application of TRUCK-modified T cells in solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Zimmermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Johannes Kuehle
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, and Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.C.D.); (B.E.-V.)
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Christina Kloth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Loreen Sophie Rudek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - I. Erol Sandalcioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (I.E.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Belal Neyazi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (I.E.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Johann Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.C.D.); (B.E.-V.)
| | - Michael Alexander Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Department of Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.G.); (C.K.); (L.S.R.); (T.M.); (J.M.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-5170
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9
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Knopp Y, Geis FK, Heckl D, Horn S, Neumann T, Kuehle J, Meyer J, Fehse B, Baum C, Morgan M, Meyer J, Schambach A, Galla M. Transient Retrovirus-Based CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Particles for Efficient, Targeted Gene Knockout. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:256-274. [PMID: 30317165 PMCID: PMC6187057 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used in basic research and is a useful tool for disease modeling and gene editing therapies. However, long-term expression of DNA-modifying enzymes can be associated with cytotoxicity and is particularly unwanted in clinical gene editing strategies. Because current transient expression methods may still suffer from cytotoxicity and/or low efficiency, we developed non-integrating retrovirus-based CRISPR/Cas9 all-in-one particles for targeted gene knockout. By redirecting the gammaretroviral packaging machinery, we transiently delivered Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) mRNA and single-guide RNA transcripts into various (including primary) cell types. Spatiotemporal co-delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components resulted in efficient disruption of a surrogate reporter gene, as well as functional knockout of endogenous human genes CXCR4 and TP53. Although acting in a hit-and-run fashion, knockout efficiencies of our transient particles corresponded to 52%-80% of those obtained from constitutively active integrating vectors. Stable SpCas9 overexpression at high doses in murine NIH3T3 cells caused a substantial G0/G1 arrest accompanied by reduced cell growth and metabolic activity, which was prevented by transient SpCas9 transfer. In summary, the non-integrating retrovirus-based vector particles introduced here allow efficient and dose-controlled delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Knopp
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Franziska K Geis
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johannes Kuehle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Janine Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Christopher Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Presidential Office, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johann Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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10
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Adams FF, Hoffmann T, Zuber J, Heckl D, Schambach A, Schwarzer A. Pooled Generation of Lentiviral Tetracycline-Regulated microRNA Embedded Short Hairpin RNA Libraries. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:16-29. [PMID: 29325442 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screens are powerful tools to probe genetic dependencies in loss-of-function studies, such as the identification of therapeutic targets in cancer research. Lentivirally delivered shRNAs embedded in endogenous microRNA contexts (shRNAmiRs) mediate efficient long-term suppression of target genes suitable for numerous experimental contexts and clinical applications. Here, an easy-to-use laboratory protocol is described, covering the design and pooled assembly of focused shRNAmiR libraries into an optimized, Tet-inducible all-in-one lentiviral vector, packaging of viral particles, followed by retrieval and quantification of hairpin sequences after cellular DNA-recovery. Starting from a gene list to the identification of hits, the protocol enables shRNA screens within 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Adams
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- 2 Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zuber
- 2 Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Heckl
- 3 Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany .,4 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany .,5 Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Evolution of AF6-RAS association and its implications in mixed-lineage leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1099. [PMID: 29062045 PMCID: PMC5653649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of activation mechanisms governing protein fusions is essential for therapeutic development. MLL undergoes rearrangement with numerous partners, including a recurrent translocation fusing the epigenetic regulator to a cytoplasmic RAS effector, AF6/afadin. We show here that AF6 employs a non-canonical, evolutionarily conserved α-helix to bind RAS, unique to AF6 and the classical RASSF effectors. Further, all patients with MLL-AF6 translocations express fusion proteins missing only this helix from AF6, resulting in exposure of hydrophobic residues that induce dimerization. We provide evidence that oligomerization is the dominant mechanism driving oncogenesis from rare MLL translocation partners and employ our mechanistic understanding of MLL-AF6 to examine how dimers induce leukemia. Proteomic data resolve association of dimerized MLL with gene expression modulators, and inhibiting dimerization disrupts formation of these complexes while completely abrogating leukemogenesis in mice. Oncogenic gene translocations are thus selected under pressure from protein structure/function, underscoring the complex nature of chromosomal rearrangements. Several rearrangements of the MLL gene are associated with acute leukemia, including the fusion of MLL with a RAS effector protein, AF6. Here the authors show that the truncated AF6 can induce AF6-MLL dimerization and drive its oncogenic activity.
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12
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Stahlhut M, Schambach A, Kustikova OS. Multimodal Lentiviral Vectors for Pharmacologically Controlled Switching Between Constitutive Single Gene Expression and Tetracycline-Regulated Multiple Gene Collaboration. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 28:191-204. [PMID: 28683573 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal lentiviral vectors (LVs) allow switching between constitutive and tetracycline-regulated gene co-expressions in genetically modified cells. Transduction of murine primary hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with multimodal LVs in the absence of doxycycline ensures the constitutive expression of gene of interest 1 (GOI1) only. In the presence of doxycycline, induced tetracycline-regulated expression of a second GOI (GOI2) allows evaluation of the collaboration between two genes. Drug removal retains constitutive expression, which allows the contribution of an individual gene into created networks to be studied. Doxycycline-dependent switching can be tracked via fluorescent markers coupled to constitutive and tetracycline-regulated GOIs. This article describes transduction of murine primary HPCs with different doses of multimodal LVs, distinct cytokine conditions, and their influence on the number and viability of cells co-expressing both collaborating GOIs upon doxycycline induction. A 2-week protocol is provided for multimodal LV production, titer determination, and evaluation of tetracycline responsive promoter background activity in a murine fibroblast cell line. The power of this model to assess the dose/time/order-controlled contribution of single and multiple genes into hematopoietic networks opens new routes in reprogramming, stem cell, and leukemia biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stahlhut
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,2 Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,2 Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga S Kustikova
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,2 Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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13
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Labenski V, Suerth JD, Barczak E, Heckl D, Levy C, Bernadin O, Charpentier E, Williams DA, Fehse B, Verhoeyen E, Schambach A. Alpharetroviral self-inactivating vectors produced by a superinfection-resistant stable packaging cell line allow genetic modification of primary human T lymphocytes. Biomaterials 2016; 97:97-109. [PMID: 27162078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary human T lymphocytes represent an important cell population for adoptive immunotherapies, including chimeric-antigen and T-cell receptor applications, as they have the capability to eliminate non-self, virus-infected and tumor cells. Given the increasing numbers of clinical immunotherapy applications, the development of an optimal vector platform for genetic T lymphocyte engineering, which allows cost-effective high-quality vector productions, remains a critical goal. Alpharetroviral self-inactivating vectors (ARV) have several advantages compared to other vector platforms, including a more random genomic integration pattern and reduced likelihood for inducing aberrant splicing of integrated proviruses. We developed an ARV platform for the transduction of primary human T lymphocytes. We demonstrated functional transgene transfer using the clinically relevant herpes-simplex-virus thymidine kinase variant TK.007. Proof-of-concept of alpharetroviral-mediated T-lymphocyte engineering was shown in vitro and in a humanized transplantation model in vivo. Furthermore, we established a stable, human alpharetroviral packaging cell line in which we deleted the entry receptor (SLC1A5) for RD114/TR-pseudotyped ARVs to prevent superinfection and enhance genomic integrity of the packaging cell line and viral particles. We showed that superinfection can be entirely prevented, while maintaining high recombinant virus titers. Taken together, this resulted in an improved production platform representing an economic strategy for translating the promising features of ARVs for therapeutic T-lymphocyte engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Labenski
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia D Suerth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elke Barczak
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Camille Levy
- CIRI, EVIR Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ornellie Bernadin
- CIRI, EVIR Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charpentier
- Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David A Williams
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Dept. of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, EVIR Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Miyaho RN, Nakagawa S, Hashimoto-Gotoh A, Nakaya Y, Shimode S, Sakaguchi S, Yoshikawa R, Takahashi MU, Miyazawa T. Susceptibility of domestic animals to a pseudotype virus bearing RD-114 virus envelope protein. Gene 2015; 567:189-95. [PMID: 25936996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral vectors are used for gene transduction into cells and have been applied to gene therapy. Retroviral vectors using envelope protein (Env) of RD-114 virus, a feline endogenous retrovirus, have been used for gene transduction. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility to RD-114 Env-pseudotyped virus in twelve domestic animals including cattle, sheep, horse, pig, dog, cat, ferret, mink, rabbit, rat, mouse, and quail. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of ASCT2 (SLC1A5), a receptor of RD-114 virus, in 10 mammalian and 2 avian species revealed that insertion and deletion events at the region C of ASCT2 where RD-114 viral Env interacts occurred independently in the mouse and rat lineage and in the chicken and quail lineage. By the pseudotype virus infection assay, we found that RD-114 Env-pseudotyped virus could efficiently infect all cell lines except those from mouse and rat. Furthermore, we confirmed that bovine ASCT2 (bASCT2) functions as a receptor for RD-114 virus infection. We also investigated bASCT2 mRNA expression in cattle tissues and found that it is expressed in various tissues including lung, spleen and kidney. These results indicate that retrovirus vectors with RD-114 virus Env can be used for gene therapy in large domestic animals in addition to companion animals such as cat and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nakaoka Miyaho
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan; Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 411 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Akira Hashimoto-Gotoh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8566, Japan
| | - Sayumi Shimode
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ueda Takahashi
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 411 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Virolution, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
In this unit, the basic protocol generates stable cell lines that produce retroviral vectors that carry selectable markers. Also included are an alternate protocol that applies when the retroviral vector does not carry a selectable marker, and another alternate protocol for rapidly generating retroviral vector preparations by transient transfection. A support protocol describes construction of the retroviral vectors. The methods for generating virus from retroviral vector plasmids rely on the use of packaging cells that synthesize all of the retroviral proteins but do not produce replication-competent virus. Additional protocols detail plasmid transfection, virus titration, assay for replication-competent virus, and histochemical staining to detect transfer of a vector encoding alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dusty Miller
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Malchenko S, Xie J, de Fatima Bonaldo M, Vanin EF, Bhattacharyya BJ, Belmadani A, Xi G, Galat V, Goossens W, Seftor RE, Tomita T, Crispino J, Miller RJ, Bohn MC, Hendrix MJ, Soares MB. Onset of rosette formation during spontaneous neural differentiation of hESC and hiPSC colonies. Gene 2014; 534:400-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Engineering a serum-resistant and thermostable vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein for pseudotyping retroviral and lentiviral vectors. Gene Ther 2013; 20:807-15. [PMID: 23364315 PMCID: PMC3735647 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) is the most widely used envelope protein for retroviral and lentiviral vector pseudotyping; however, serum inactivation of VSV-G pseudotyped vectors is a significant challenge for in vivo gene delivery. To address this problem, we conducted directed evolution of VSV-G to increase its resistance to human serum neutralization. After six selection cycles, numerous common mutations were present. Based on their location within VSV-G, we analyzed whether substitutions in several surface exposed residues could endow viral vectors with higher resistance to serum. S162T, T230N, and T368A mutations enhanced serum resistance, and additionally K66T, T368A, and E380K substitutions increased the thermostability of VSV-G pseudotyped retroviral vectors, an advantageous byproduct of the selection strategy. Analysis of a number of combined mutants revealed that VSV-G harboring T230N + T368A or K66T + S162T + T230N + T368A mutations exhibited both higher in vitro resistance to human serum and higher thermostability, as well as enhanced resistance to rabbit and mouse serum. Finally, lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with these variants were more resistant to human serum in a murine model. These serum-resistant and thermostable VSV-G variants may aid the application of retroviral and lentiviral vectors to gene therapy.
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18
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Abstract
Retrovirus-mediated mRNA transfer (RMT) combines the advantageous features of retrovirus-mediated cell targeting and entry with the controlled transfer of mRNAs. We have recently exploited this strategy for the dose-controlled transfer of recombinases and DNA transposases, avoiding cytotoxicity and potential insertional mutagenesis. Further applications can be envisaged, especially when low expression levels are sufficient to modify cell fate or function. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for the generation of RMT vector particles, their titration and their application in a model cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Galla
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Retroviruses are useful tools for the efficient delivery of genes to mammalian cells, owing to their ability to stably integrate into the host cell genome. Over the past few decades, retroviral vectors have been used in gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of a number of inherited diseases and cancers. The earliest retrovirus vectors were based on simple oncogenic gammaretroviruses such as Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) which, when pseudotyped with envelope proteins from other viruses such as the gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope protein (GALV) or vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G), can efficiently introduce genes to a wide range of host cells. However, gammaretroviral vectors have the disadvantage that they are unable to efficiently transduce nondividing or slowly dividing cells. As a result, specific protocols have been developed to activate cells through the use of growth factors and cytokines. In the case of hematopoietic stem cells, activation has to be carefully controlled so that pluripotency is maintained. For many applications, gammaretroviral vectors are being superseded by lentiviral vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) which has additional accessory proteins that enable integration in the absence of cell division. In addition, retroviral and lentiviral vector design has evolved to address a number of safety concerns. These include separate expression of the viral genes in trans to prevent recombination events leading to the generation of replication-competent viruses. Further, the development of self-inactivating (SIN) vectors reduces the potential for transactivation of neighboring genes and allows the incorporation of regulatory elements that may target gene expression more physiologically to particular cell types.
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20
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Garrone P, Fluckiger AC, Mangeot PE, Gauthier E, Dupeyrot-Lacas P, Mancip J, Cangialosi A, Du Chéné I, LeGrand R, Mangeot I, Lavillette D, Bellier B, Cosset FL, Tangy F, Klatzmann D, Dalba C. A prime-boost strategy using virus-like particles pseudotyped for HCV proteins triggers broadly neutralizing antibodies in macaques. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:94ra71. [PMID: 21813755 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with its cohort of life-threatening complications, affects more than 200 million persons worldwide and has a prevalence of more than 10% in certain countries. Preventive and therapeutic vaccines against HCV are thus much needed. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are the foundation for successful disease prevention for most established vaccines. However, for viruses that cause chronic infection such as HIV or HCV, induction of broad NAbs from recombinant vaccines has remained elusive. We developed a vaccine platform specifically aimed at inducing NAbs based on pseudotyped virus-like particles (VLPs) made with retroviral Gag. We report that VLPs pseudotyped with E2 and/or E1 HCV envelope glycoproteins induced high-titer anti-E2 and/or anti-E1 antibodies, as well as NAbs, in both mouse and macaque. The NAbs, which were raised against HCV 1a, cross-neutralized the five other genotypes tested (1b, 2a, 2b, 4, and 5). Thus, the described VLP platform, which can be pseudotyped with a vast array of virus envelope glycoproteins, represents a new approach to viral vaccine development.
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Beier KT, Samson MES, Matsuda T, Cepko CL. Conditional expression of the TVA receptor allows clonal analysis of descendents from Cre-expressing progenitor cells. Dev Biol 2011; 353:309-20. [PMID: 21397594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the number and types of progeny produced by progenitor cells during development provides a foundation for studies of when and where cell fate determination takes place. Lineal relationships can be revealed by the identification of descendents of cells that express a recombinase, such as Cre or Flp. This method provides data concerning gene expression history, but does not provide clonal resolution among the descendents. An alternative method employs retroviral labeling, which permits the identification of clones, but does not allow for the tracking of gene expression history. Here we report a combination of these methods to circumvent each method's limitations. By employing the specificity of Cre expression, and by selecting only a subset of cells with a Cre history for retroviral infection, clones with a gene expression history can be labeled. The method utilizes a conditional allele of the avian tumor virus receptor A (TVA), which allows infection of mouse cells following Cre activity, with mammalian retroviral vectors pseudotyped with the ASLV-A envelope glycoprotein (EnvA). We quantified the efficiency and specificity of this system in vivo and in vitro. We also generated a series of retroviral vectors encoding a variety of histochemical and fluorescent reporter genes that enable the tracking of mixtures of clones, thus enabling better resolution of clonal boundaries. This method and new vectors can be used to further our understanding of the gene expression patterns of progenitor cells that make particular daughter cells, as well as provide a platform for manipulating identified subsets of developing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Beier
- Department of Genetics, Department of Ophthamology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bell AJ, Fegen D, Ward M, Bank A. RD114 envelope proteins provide an effective and versatile approach to pseudotype lentiviral vectors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1269-76. [PMID: 20876083 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors derived from the HIV-1 genome offer great promise for gene therapy due to their ability to transduce non-dividing cells and sustain long-term expression of transgenes. The majority of current lentiviral vectors are pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis viral envelope (VSV-G). VSV-G equips lentiviral vectors with a broad host cell tropism and increased stability. Increased particle stability enables viral supernatants to be concentrated by high-speed centrifugation to enhance their infectivity. Despite its efficacy, VSV-G is cytotoxic - a feature that prohibits the development of stable cell lines that constitutively express this envelope. Therefore, non-toxic envelope proteins are being investigated. RD114 is an attractive alternative because it also provides increased particle stability and its receptor is widely expressed on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, the packaging efficiency of three envelope proteins, RD114, RDpro and VSV-G, were evaluated with two lentiviral vectors (TRIP GFP and HPV-402). RDpro is an RD114-HIV chimera designed to pseudotype lentiviral vectors more efficiently. In transient systems, VSV-G generated titers of 10(8) and 10(7) viral particles/mL for TRIP GFP and HPV-402. RDpro possessed titers of 10(7) and 10(6), while RD114 titers were one log lower for each vector. Despite having relatively lower titers, RD114 proteins are less toxic; this was demonstrated in the extension of transient transfection reactions from 48 to 96 h. VSV-G transfections are generally limited to 48 h. In regard to gene therapy applications, we show that RDpro supernatants efficiently transduce peripheral blood HSCs. The versatility of RD114 envelopes was again demonstrated by using a 'mixed' expression system; composed of stably expressed RD114 envelope proteins to pseudotype lentiviral vectors generated in trans (titer range 10(3)-10(5)). Our data show that RD114 envelope proteins are effective and versatile constructs that could prove to be essential components of therapeutic lentiviral gene transfer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
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Partial functional rescue of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus infectivity by replacement of F protein with GP64 from Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Virol 2010; 84:11505-14. [PMID: 20739531 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00862-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct envelope fusion proteins (EFPs) (GP64 and F) have been identified in members of the Baculoviridae family of viruses. F proteins are found in group II nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) of alphabaculoviruses and in beta- and deltabaculoviruses, while GP64 occurs only in group I NPVs of alphabaculoviruses. It was proposed that an ancestral baculovirus acquired the gp64 gene that conferred a selective advantage and allowed it to evolve into group I NPVs. The F protein is a functional analogue of GP64, as evidenced from the rescue of gp64-null Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (MNPV) (AcMNPV) by F proteins from group II NPVs or from betabaculoviruses. However, GP64 failed to rescue an F-null Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV) (group II NPV). Here, we report the successful generation of an infectious gp64-rescued group II NPV of Helicoverpa armigera (vHaBacΔF-gp64). Viral growth curve assays and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), however, showed substantially decreased infectivity of vHaBacΔF-gp64 compared to the HaF rescue control virus vHaBacΔF-HaF. Electron microscopy further showed that most vHaBacΔF-gp64 budded viruses (BV) in the cell culture supernatant lacked envelope components and contained morphologically aberrant nucleocapsids, suggesting the improper BV envelopment or budding of vHaBacΔF-gp64. Bioassays using pseudotyped viruses with a reintroduced polyhedrin gene showed that GP64-pseudotyped Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) significantly delayed the mortality of infected H. armigera larvae.
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Proviruses selected for high and stable expression of transduced genes accumulate in broadly transcribed genome areas. J Virol 2010; 84:4204-11. [PMID: 20147411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02511-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses and retrovirus-derived vectors integrate nonrandomly into the genomes of host cells with specific preferences for transcribed genes, gene-rich regions, and CpG islands. However, the genomic features that influence the transcriptional activities of integrated retroviruses or retroviral vectors are poorly understood. We report here the cloning and characterization of avian sarcoma virus integration sites from chicken tumors. Growing progressively, dependent on high and stable expression of the transduced v-src oncogene, these tumors represent clonal expansions of cells bearing transcriptionally active replication-defective proviruses. Therefore, integration sites in our study distinguished genomic loci favorable for the expression of integrated retroviruses and gene transfer vectors. Analysis of integration sites from avian sarcoma virus-induced tumors showed strikingly nonrandom distribution, with proviruses found prevalently within or close to transcription units, particularly in genes broadly expressed in multiple tissues but not in tissue-specifically expressed genes. We infer that proviruses integrated in these genomic areas efficiently avoid transcriptional silencing and remain active for a long time during the growth of tumors. Defining the differences between unselected retroviral integration sites and sites selected for long-terminal-repeat-driven gene expression is relevant for retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and has ramifications for gene therapy.
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Design and production of retro- and lentiviral vectors for gene expression in hematopoietic cells. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 506:191-205. [PMID: 19110628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-409-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful retroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic cells has been demonstrated in a number of small and large animal models and clinical trials. However, severe adverse events related to insertional muta-genesis in a recent clinical trial for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency reinforced the need to develop novel retroviral vectors with improved biosafety. Improvements include the use of self-inactivating (SIN) vectors as well as improvements in vector design. This chapter describes the basic design of gamma-retroviral and lentiviral SIN vectors that utilize a split-packaging system and includes a description of the various cloning modules frequently used in the design of such vectors that impact biosafety, titer, and transgene expression. In addition, this chapter describes the methods used for high titer vector production using calcium phosphate transfection both at research scale and at large scale for clinical application using a closed system bioreactor.
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Picanço-Castro V, Fontes AM, Russo-Carbolante EMDS, Covas DT. Lentiviral-mediated gene transfer – a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.5.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
In this unit, the basic protocol generates stable cell lines, which produce retroviral vectors that carry selectable markers. Alternate Protocol 1 applies when the retroviral vector does not carry a selectable marker. Alternate Protocol 2 presents rapidly generating retroviral vector preparations by transient transfection. Support Protocol 1 describes construction of the retrovirus vectors. The methods for generating virus from retroviral vector plasmids rely on the use of packaging cells that synthesize all of the retroviral proteins but do not produce replication-competent virus. One packaging cell line is transiently transfected to produce virus carrying the vector RNA that can be used to infect a second packaging cell line. Virus that carries a selectable marker can be titered and viral stocks can be tested for the presence of helper virus, as described. Vectors that contain sequence for alkaline phosphatase can be assayed histochemically. In this unit, the basic protocol generates stable cell lines, which produce retroviral vectors that carry selectable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Miller
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sastre P, Oomens AGP, Wertz GW. The stability of human respiratory syncytial virus is enhanced by incorporation of the baculovirus GP64 protein. Vaccine 2007; 25:5025-33. [PMID: 17544182 PMCID: PMC2593139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts to develop a vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are focused on live attenuated strains. However, the unstable nature of HRSV is a major challenge for the preparation, storage and distribution of live vaccine candidates. We report here that the stability of HRSV can be improved by incorporation of the GP64 glycoprotein from baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. GP64 was incorporated in place of or in addition to the homologous HRSV glycoproteins and was either expressed from the HRSV genome or provided by propagating the virus in a Vero cell line constitutively expressing GP64 (Vbac cells). The infectivity of the different virus stocks was monitored after storage at 4 degrees, 22 degrees or 37 degrees C, over a period of 8 weeks. The results showed that the infectivity of HRSV could be stabilized by up to 10,000-fold by the GP64 protein, when stored at 22 degrees C for 6 weeks. This approach for stabilizing live HRSV may be important for vaccine development and may also prove useful for stabilizing other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gail W. Wertz
- Corresponding author, Mailing address: Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, MR5 Building, 415 Lane Road, P.O. Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0904, Phone: 434 982 6305, Fax: 434 924 2151, E-mail:
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Fischer YH, Miletic H, Giroglou T, Litwak S, Stenzel W, Neumann H, von Laer D. A retroviral packaging cell line for pseudotype vectors based on glioma-infiltrating progenitor cells. J Gene Med 2007; 9:335-44. [PMID: 17474071 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early clinical trials for gene therapy of human gliomas with retroviral packaging cells (PC) have been hampered by low transduction efficacy and lack of dissemination of PC within the tumor. In the current approach, these issues have been addressed by creating a stable packaging cell line for retroviral vectors pseudotyped with glycoproteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) based on tumor-infiltrating progenitor cells. METHODS Tumor-infiltrating progenitor cells, which had been isolated from adult rat bone marrow (BM-TIC), were modified to stably express Gag-Pol proteins of moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) and glycoproteins of LCMV. Packaging of a retroviral vector was measured by titration experiments on human fibroblast cells as well as on mouse and human glioma cell lines. Additionally, gene transfer was tested in a rat glioma model in vivo. RESULTS The BM-TIC-derived packaging cell line (BM-TIPC) produced retroviral vectors with titers between 2-8 x 10(3) transducing units (TU)/ml. Extended culturing of BM-TIPC over several weeks and freezing/thawing of cells did not affect vector titers. No replication-competent retrovirus was released from BM-TIPC. In a rat glioma model, BM-TIPC infiltrated the tumors extensively and with high specificity. Moreover, BM-TIPC mediated transduction of glioma cells in vivo. CONCLUSION This proof-of-principle study shows that primary adult progenitor cells with tumor-infiltrating capacity can be genetically modified to stably produce retroviral LCMV pseudotype vectors. These BM-TIPC may be a useful tool to enhance specificity and efficacy of gene transfer to gliomas in patients.
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Simmons A, Jantz K. Use of a lentivirus/VSV pseudotype virus for highly efficient genetic redirection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:2688-700. [PMID: 17406525 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic redirection of lymphocytes that have been engineered to recognize antigens other than those originally programmed by their rearranged germlines is a potentially powerful immunotherapeutic tool. The rationale for the protocol described here is that many cancers and persistent or latent viruses have developed strikingly similar mechanisms of evading attack by host immunity that can often be overcome by redirection of host lymphocytes using chimeric T-cell receptor (chTCR) genes. However, for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), this is generally regarded as a technically demanding procedure with unacceptably low efficiency using either contemporary transfection methods or retroviral transduction. One of the main difficulties with retroviruses is their reliance on rapidly dividing cells for integration of their genomes carrying the desired chTCR. Here we describe a highly efficient protocol that uses a lentivirus/vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped virus to engineer CD3/CD28-stimulated human peripheral blood cells (i.e., primarily T cells), with near 100% efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Simmons
- Division of Virology, Children's Hospital, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-0372, USA.
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31
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Kinyanjui MW, Ramos-Barbón D, Villeneuve A, Fixman ED. Enhanced transduction of antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes with recombinant retroviruses concentrated by centrifugal filtration. J Immunol Methods 2006; 314:80-9. [PMID: 16842814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral gene transduction of antigen-specific T cells and reintroduction of the gene-modified T cells into animals or human subjects is attractive for experimental disease-modeling applications and gene therapy approaches for autoimmune or allergic diseases. However, retrovirus titers are often a limiting factor for the efficient gene transfer of mature T cells, which have proven to be relatively refractory to gene transduction. Retrovirus-containing supernatants with titers sufficient for effective transduction of immortalized T cell lines may fail to transduce peripheral T cells. The use of high-titer retroviruses pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein and concentrated by ultracentrifugation is limited by the loss of specific tropism, lower lymphocyte transduction efficiency on infectious particle basis and pseudotransduction. Herein, we present a simple method to concentrate retroviruses by centrifugal filtration at low g force. We compared the ability of unconcentrated and concentrated retroviruses to transduce immortalized fibroblasts as well as primary rat splenocytes activated with antigen and we evaluated transduction efficiency and mean fluorescence intensity of transgene expression in transduced cells. Our data demonstrate that, with this technique, retrovirus titers were increased nearly 10-fold without significant loss of infectious particles. Compared to unconcentrated retroviral preparations, the concentrated retrovirus supernatants more effectively transduced antigen-stimulated, primary rat T cells. This simple method of concentrating retroviruses may be exploited to generate gene-modified T cells for gene therapy applications in animal models of human autoimmune or allergic disease and may also be applicable for T lymphocyte-based gene therapy approaches in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W Kinyanjui
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
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Trobridge G, Beard BC, Kiem HP. Hematopoietic stem cell transduction and amplification in large animal models. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 16:1355-66. [PMID: 16390267 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in retroviral gene transfer to large animal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has led to efficient, reproducible long-term marking in both canine and nonhuman primate models. Successes for HSC gene therapy have occurred in the severe combined immunodeficiency setting, in which transduced cells have a selective advantage. However, for most diseases, the therapeutic transgene does not confer a sufficient survival advantage, and increasing the percentage of gene-marked cells in vivo will be necessary to observe a therapeutic effect. In vivo amplification should expand the potential of HSC gene therapy, and progress in this area has benefited greatly from the use of large animal models where efficacy and toxicity have often not correlated with results in murine models. To date, the best results have been observed with O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) selection, with which increases in gene-marked repopulating cells have been maintained long-term, likely because of the toxicity of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and temozolomide to quiescent HSCs. Using MGMT selection, long-term marking levels exceeding 50% can now be routinely attained with minimal toxicity. There is cause to be optimistic that HSC gene therapy with in vivo amplification will soon allow the treatment of several genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Trobridge
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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KELLY PATRICKF, CARRINGTON JODY, NATHWANI AMIT, VANIN ELIOF. RD114-Pseudotyped Oncoretroviral Vectors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Trobridge G, Beard BC, Kiem HP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transduction and Amplification in Large Animal Models. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mountford JC, Vanin EF, Hayden RE, Bunce CM. All-trans retinoic acid increases transgene expression in MSCV-transduced cells, via a mechanism that is retinoid receptor dependent but independent of cellular differentiation. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:132-8. [PMID: 15703496 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of MSCV-GFP-transduced HL60 promyelocytic cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resulted in a significant increase in GFP expression. The increased GFP expression was observed by 16 hr and was dependent on de novo protein production. This effect was specific to ATRA and unrelated to cell differentiation because it was not induced by dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, a similar increase in GFP expression was observed in MSCV-GFP-transfected K562 cells, which do not differentiate when exposed to ATRA. Significantly increased GFP expression was seen at doses as low as 0.5 nM ATRA and was abrogated by AGN193109, an antagonist of retinoid signaling. We therefore conclude that this increase in gene expression is mediated by retinoic acid receptors. The long terminal repeat (LTR) region of MSCV contains candidate retinoic acid response elements and response elements for the ATRA-inducible transcription factor C/EBPalpha. We suggest that the increase in GFP expression is driven by the action of ATRA-activated host cell transcription factors. These findings offer a method to increase the expression of retroviral transgenes either in vitro or in vivo by treatment with low doses of retinoic acid that are clinically achievable and well tolerated. This use of inducible host cell transcription factors offers an alternative to engineering novel LTR regulatory sequences in order to increase transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Mountford
- Section of Experimental Haematology and Haemopoietic Stem Cells, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom.
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Kuo ML, den Besten W, Bertwistle D, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ. N-terminal polyubiquitination and degradation of the Arf tumor suppressor. Genes Dev 2004; 18:1862-74. [PMID: 15289458 PMCID: PMC517406 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1213904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Unknown mechanisms govern degradation of the p19Arf tumor suppressor, an activator of p53 and inhibitor of ribosomal RNA processing. Kinetic metabolic labeling of cells with [3H]-leucine indicated that p19Arf is a relatively stable protein (half-life approximately 6 h) whose degradation depends upon the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Although p19Arf binds to the Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to activate p53, neither of these molecules regulates p19Arf turnover. In contrast, the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin/B23, which binds to p19Arf with high stoichiometry, retards its turnover, and Arf mutants that do not efficiently associate with nucleophosmin/B23 are unstable and functionally impaired. Mouse p19Arf, although highly basic (22% arginine content), contains only a single lysine residue absent from human p14ARF, and substitution of arginine for lysine in mouse p19Arf had no effect on its rate of degradation. Mouse p19Arf (either wild-type or lacking lysine) and human p14ARF undergo N-terminal polyubiquitination, a process that has not as yet been documented in naturally occurring lysine-less proteins. Re-engineering of the p19Arf N terminus to provide consensus sequences for N-acetylation limited Arf ubiquitination and decelerated its turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Kuo
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Brenner S, Malech HL. Current developments in the design of onco-retrovirus and lentivirus vector systems for hematopoietic cell gene therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1640:1-24. [PMID: 12676350 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(03)00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past dozen years, the majority of clinical gene therapy trials for inherited genetic diseases and cancer therapy have been performed using murine onco-retrovirus as the gene delivery vector. The earliest systems used were relatively inefficient in both the rates of transduction and expression of the transgene. Formidable obstacles inherent in the cell biology and/or the immunology of the target cell systems limited the efficacy of gene therapy for many target diseases. Development of novel retrovirus gene transfer systems that are in progress have begun to overcome these obstacles. Evidence of this progress is the recent successful functional correction of the immune T and B lymphocyte deficiency in patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) and adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient SCID following onco-retrovirus vector ex vivo transduction of autologous marrow stem cells [Science 296 (2002) 2410; Science 288 (2000) 669; N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (2002) 1185]. These achievements of prolonged clinical benefit from gene therapy were tempered by the finding of insertional mutageneses in two of the treated X-SCID patients [N. Engl. J. Med. 348 (2003) 255].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brenner
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Spurbeck WW, Ng CYC, Vanin EF, Davidoff AM. Retroviral vector-producer cell-mediated in vivo gene transfer of TIMP-3 restricts angiogenesis and neuroblastoma growth in mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2003; 10:161-7. [PMID: 12637936 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Destruction and remodeling of the extracellular matrix occurs during the formation of new blood vessels that are required for tumor growth. We sought to determine whether gene-therapy mediated in vivo delivery of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), using retroviral vector-producer cells, could suppress angiogenesis and subsequent tumor growth in a murine neuroblastoma model. Tumor volume 28 days after coinjection of tumor cells with producer cells generating TIMP-3-encoding retroviral vectors was 21% that of controls, as was the mean tumor vascular index, a measure of blood vessel maturity. When tumors were allowed to reach a mean volume of 0.05 cm(3) before treatment, their size 2 weeks later was 47% relative to controls; larger tumors were not significantly affected. When producer cells were injected at surgical sites following excision of subcutaneous tumors, local recurrence 14 days later was only 22% in TIMP-3 producer cell treated mice as compared to 71% in controls. Unsuccessful transduction of melanoma cells in situ, another tumor of neural crest origin, resulted in unimpaired tumor growth, despite the fact that these tumors are susceptible to TIMP-3 overexpression, demonstrating the importance of tumor cell transduction in this approach. Thus, retroviral vector-producer cell-mediated in vivo gene transfer of TIMP-3 to tumor cells can significantly restrict tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. This approach may be an effective adjuvant in the treatment of neuroblastoma and other solid tumors refractory to traditional therapy, although it appears to be most effective in smaller tumors or in the setting of minimal residual disease, and the tumor cells must be susceptible to retroviral vector-mediated transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Spurbeck
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, 38105, USA
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Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) are rare disorders that represent paediatric medical emergencies, as the outcome for affected patients can easily be fatal unless proper treatment is performed. The only curative treatment for SCID is reconstitution of the patient's immunity. For more than 30 years, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been extremely successful for SCID. However, BMT often results in only incomplete restoration of B cell function in treated patients, especially when haploidentical donors are used. In addition, BMT can be associated with severe complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Alternative forms of therapy for SCID are therefore desirable. Genetic correction of peripheral T lymphocytes and/or haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by retrovirally mediated gene transfer has been attempted for patients with SCID due to adenosine deaminase deficiency, the first genetic disease targeted in clinical gene therapy trials with very limited success, overall. After these pioneer trials, recent progress has led to significant improvement of gene transfer techniques and better understanding of HSC biology which has culminated in the recent success of a gene therapy trial for patients affected with X-linked SCID (X-SCID). In this trial, patients with X-SCID received autologous bone marrow stem/progenitor cells which had been retrovirally transduced with a therapeutic gene. Based on the current follow-up, the overall efficacy of this gene therapy procedure is to be considered similar to or even better than that achievable by allogeneic BMT, because patients were not exposed to the risks of GVHD. Although these exciting results have clearly demonstrated that gene therapy is a feasible therapeutic option for X-SCID, they have also raised important questions regarding the long-term outcome of this experimental procedure and the possibility of translating this success into applications for other forms of SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Otsu
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1851, USA
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40
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Kobayashi M, Iida A, Ueda Y, Hasegawa M. Pseudotyped lentivirus vectors derived from simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm with envelope glycoproteins from paramyxovirus. J Virol 2003; 77:2607-14. [PMID: 12551999 PMCID: PMC141089 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.4.2607-2614.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2002] [Accepted: 11/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of novel lentivirus vectors based on simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkey (SIVagm) pseudotyped with Sendai virus (SeV) envelope glycoproteins. SeV fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins were successfully incorporated into the SIVagm-based vector by truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein and by addition of the cytoplasmic tail of SIVagm transmembrane envelope protein to the N terminus of the HN protein. As with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein-pseudotyped vector, the mutant SeV F- and HN-pseudotyped SIVagm vector was able to transduce various types of animal and human cell lines. Furthermore, the vector was able to transduce an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene into polarized epithelial cells of rat trachea from the apical and basolateral sides. Therefore, SeV F- and HN-pseudotyped SIVagm vectors have considerable potential for effective use in gene therapy for various therapies, including respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kobayashi
- DNAVEC Research Inc., 1-25-11 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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41
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Kumar M, Bradow BP, Zimmerberg J. Large-scale production of pseudotyped lentiviral vectors using baculovirus GP64. Hum Gene Ther 2003; 14:67-77. [PMID: 12573060 DOI: 10.1089/10430340360464723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike oncoretroviruses, lentiviral vectors can insert large genes and can target both dividing and nondividing cells; thus they hold unique promise as gene transfer agents. To enhance target range, the native lentiviral envelope glycoprotein is replaced (pseudotyped) with vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG), and the genes of interest are packaged in nonreplicating vectors by transient transfection with three plasmids. However, because of cytotoxic effects of VSVG expression in producer cells (293T cells) it has been difficult to generate a packaging cell line, required for even modest scale-up of vector production. Here we introduce a pseudotyped lentivirus vector using the baculovirus GP64 envelope glycoprotein. Compared with VSVG, GP64 vectors exhibited a similar broad tropism and similar native titers. GP64-pseudotyped vectors were usually highly concentrated without much loss of titer. Because, unlike VSVG, GP64 expression does not kill cells, we generated 293T-based cell lines constitutively expressing GP64. Our results demonstrate that the baculovirus GP64 protein is an attractive alternative to VSVG for viral vectors used in the large-scale production of high-titer virus required for clinical and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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42
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Arnold PY, Vignali KM, Miller TB, La Gruta NL, Cauley LS, Haynes L, Scott Adams P, Swain SL, Woodland DL, Vignali DAA. Reliable generation and use of MHC class II:gamma2aFc multimers for the identification of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. J Immunol Methods 2002; 271:137-51. [PMID: 12445737 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MHC tetramers have proven to be powerful reagents for the analysis of MHC class I-restricted T cells. However, generating similarly reliable reagents for MHC class II-restricted T cells has been elusive. Here we evaluated the utility of MHC class II:gamma2aFc multimers, which contain the MHC class II extracellular domains, with or without recombinantly attached peptides, dimerized via a fos-jun leucine zipper and attached to the hinge of murine IgG2a. We have successfully generated 24 multimers in either myeloma or Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, with an average yield of 7 mg/L. 'Empty' MHC class II:gamma2aFc multimers were effectively used in peptide binding assays. Similar versions that contained recombinantly attached peptides stimulated T cells in an antigen-specific, MHC-restricted manner, and identified antigen-specific nai;ve and effector T cells by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we have successfully used these reagents to stain T cells generated following viral infection. Thus, MHC class II:gamma2aFc multimers are robust and reliable reagents for the analysis of MHC class II-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Y Arnold
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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43
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Spurbeck WW, Ng CYC, Strom TS, Vanin EF, Davidoff AM. Enforced expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 affects functional capillary morphogenesis and inhibits tumor growth in a murine tumor model. Blood 2002; 100:3361-8. [PMID: 12384438 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.9.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of the extracellular matrix is a delicate balance between degradation and remodeling, the balance being maintained by the interaction of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and specific tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Up-regulation of MMP activity, favoring proteolytic degradation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, has been linked to tumor growth and metastasis, as well as tumor-associated angiogenesis, whereas inhibition of MMP activity appears to restrict these processes. We have used retroviral-mediated gene delivery to effect sustained autocrine expression of TIMP-3 in murine neuroblastoma and melanoma tumor cells in order to further examine the ability of TIMPs to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo. Growth of both histologic types of gene-modified tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was significantly restricted when compared with controls. Grossly, these tumors were small and had few feeding vessels. Histologic evaluation revealed that although tumors overexpressing TIMP-3 had an increased number of CD31(+) endothelial cells, these endothelial cells had not formed functional tubules, as evidenced by decreased vessel continuity and minimal pericyte recruitment. This effect appears to be mediated, in part, by decreased expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin by endothelial cells in the presence of TIMP-3 as seen both in an in vitro assay and in TIMP-3-overexpressing tumors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that overexpression of TIMP-3 can inhibit angiogenesis and associated tumor growth, and that the antiangiogenic effects of TIMP-3 appear to be mediated through the inhibition of functional capillary morphogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Autocrine Communication
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Capillaries/ultrastructure
- Cell Hypoxia
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Luminescent Proteins/analysis
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/physiology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microcirculation
- Morphogenesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/blood supply
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/biosynthesis
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Spurbeck
- Departments of Surgery and Hematology/Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 S. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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44
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Ramezani A, Hawley RG. Overview of the HIV‐1 Lentiviral Vector System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002; Chapter 16:Unit 16.21. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb1621s60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert G. Hawley
- American Red Cross Rockville Maryland
- The George Washington University Washington D.C
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45
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Kopantzev Y, Heller M, Swaminathan N, Rudikoff S. IL-6 mediated activation of STAT3 bypasses Janus kinases in terminally differentiated B lineage cells. Oncogene 2002; 21:6791-800. [PMID: 12360405 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2001] [Revised: 06/19/2002] [Accepted: 06/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling generally occurs through receptors lacking tyrosine kinase activity. Aggregation of receptors leads to activation of receptor associated Janus kinases (Jaks) which in turn phosphorylate members of a family of transcription factors (STATs) that translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. In the case of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the consensus for signaling in B lineage cells has been that Jak1, Jak2 and Tyk2 are all phosphorylated upon ligand binding and participate in activation of downstream elements, in particular STAT3. In other cell types, Jak1 has been demonstrated to be absolutely required for IL-6 mediated activation of STAT3. In the present studies, we have identified a series of end stage B cell (plasma cell) lines that fail to express Jak1, but phosphorylate STAT3 in response to IL-6. No evidence was found for a requirement of other Jak family members in the activation of STAT3. STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by the MEK inhibitor U0126, but not by inhibitors of PI-3K or Src kinases. Moreover, STAT3 phosphorylation was similarly inhibited in lines expressing Jak1 wherein Jak1 was phosphorylated upon IL-6 stimulation and Jak1 phosphorylation was not inhibited by U0126. These results indicate that the MAPK pathway plays a critical role in IL-6 mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and suggests that Jak kinases may not be required in this cascade. Thus, it may be important to re-evaluate the role of Jak kinases in other cytokine signaling pathways as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny Kopantzev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Trobridge G, Vassilopoulos G, Josephson N, Russell DW. Gene transfer with foamy virus vectors. Methods Enzymol 2002; 346:628-48. [PMID: 11883096 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)46082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Trobridge
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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47
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VandenDriessche T, Naldini L, Collen D, Chuah MKL. Oncoretroviral and lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy. Methods Enzymol 2002; 346:573-89. [PMID: 11883092 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)46078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncoretroviral vectors and lentiviral vectors offer the potential for long-term gene expression by virtue of their stable chromosomal integration and lack of viral gene expression. Consequently, their integration allows passage of the transgene to all progeny cells, which makes them particularly suitable for stem cell transduction. However, a disadvantage of oncoretroviral vectors based on Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) is that cell division is required for transduction and integration, thereby limiting oncoretroviral-mediated gene therapy to actively dividing target cells. In contrast, lentiviral vectors can transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. Lentiviral vectors have been derived from either human or primate lentiviruses, with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as prototype, or from nonprimate lentiviruses, such as the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The ability to pseudotype oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) allowed for the production of high-titer vectors (10(9)-10(10) transducing units/ml). These high-titer vector preparations were shown to effectively cure genetic diseases in experimental animal models and constitute an essential step toward direct in vivo gene therapy applications. This chapter focuses on different methods that permit large-scale production of high-titer VSV-G pseudotyped oncoretroviral and primate or nonprimate lentiviral vectors and highlights their importance for achieving therapeutic effects in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry VandenDriessche
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Abstract
Retroviral vectors are attractive as vectors for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis because of their ability to integrate into the host cell genome, which may lead to long-term expression and, perhaps, a cure. Nevertheless, retroviral applications for gene transfer to airway epithelia have been limited by low titers and a requirement for proliferating cells. Significant advances in pseudotyping of retroviruses and in retroviral production have reduced some of the concerns regarding titer. The development of lentiviral vectors that transduce nondividing cells has also helped to establish that retroviral approaches for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis are feasible. However, the apical membrane of the airway epithelium remains a formidable barrier to gene transfer. In this review, I will discuss limitations of current retroviral gene transfer vectors and strategies to improve retroviral gene transfer efficiency to airway epithelia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Johnson
- Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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49
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Fairbairn LJ, Ewing JC. Prospects for gene therapy using haemopoietic stem cells. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2001; 14:823-34. [PMID: 11924924 DOI: 10.1053/beha.2001.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has thus far promised much and delivered little. Much of this has been due to deficiencies in the reagents and methodologies employed in early clinical trials. Recent technological advances in vectors and haemopoietic stem cell manipulation, coupled with improved pre-clinical assays of gene transfer and expression in re-populating stem cells give cause for greater optimism. Here we review these advances and indicate areas requiring further development before clinical gene therapy in the haemopoietic system becomes a widely applicable treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fairbairn
- Cancer Research Campaign Gene Therapy Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
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50
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Schilz AJ, Kühlcke K, Fauser AA, Eckert HG. Optimization of retroviral vector generation for clinical application. J Gene Med 2001; 3:427-36. [PMID: 11601756 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many inherited and acquired diseases of the blood system, gene transfer into hematopoietic cells is a promising strategy to alleviate disease-related symptoms or even correct genetic alterations. In clinical gene therapy applications, low transduction efficiencies have been a major limitation mainly because of insufficient effective titers of the retroviral supernatants used. Thus, optimization of clinical-grade vector production under current 'Good Manufacturing Practice' (GMP) conditions is a prerequisite for successful gene therapy trials. METHODS We established stable retroviral producer clones with single integrations of a retroviral vector encoding for the multidrug-resistance gene 1 (MDR1). Optimization of vector production in multi-tray cell factories (MTCFs) was studied with particular regard to harvest medium, cell density and harvest time point. RESULTS We demonstrated that high-titer vector stocks could be produced in serum-free medium. By reducing the volume of harvest medium, titers could be increased up to four-fold. Plating optimal cell densities of 1 x 10(4) cells/cm2, repetitive harvests of vector supernatant were feasible over four consecutive days. Combining the most advantageous culture and harvest parameters tested, we were able to produce large quantities of serum-free vector supernatant in 40-tray MTCFs. Highly efficient gene transfer into primary human CD34+ progenitor cells demonstrated the quality of these vector stocks. CONCLUSION The large-scale vector-production protocol in MTCFs described here is easy to handle, is applicable to a wide range of adherent producer cell lines and, most importantly, complies with current GMP guidelines.
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