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Zhao SY, Zhao HH, Wang BH, Shao C, Pan WJ, Li SM. Rhein alleviates advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced inflammatory injury of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro and in vivo models. J Nat Med 2023; 77:898-915. [PMID: 37598111 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of death. The inflammatory response is essential in the pathogenesis of DCM. Rhein, an anthraquinone compound, is extracted from the herb rhubarb, demonstrating various biological activities. However, it is unclear whether rhein has an anti-inflammatory effect in treating DCM. In our research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties as well as its possible mechanism. According to the findings in vitro, rhein could to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of NO, TNF-α, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In addition, rhein alleviated H9C2 cells inflammation injury stimulated by AGEs/macrophage conditioned medium (CM). In vivo have depicted that continuous gavage of rhein could improve cardiac function and pathological changes. Moreover, it could inhibit the accumulation of AGEs and infiltration of inflammatory factors inside the heart of rats having DCM. Mechanism study showed rhein could suppress IKKβ and IκB phosphorylation via down-regulating TRAF6 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway in AGEs/CM-induced H9C2 cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammation effect of rhein was realized through down-regulation phosphorylation of JNK MAPK. Furthermore, we found JNK MAPK could crosstalk with NF-κB pathway by regulating IκB phosphorylation without affecting IKKβ activity. And hence, the protective mechanism of rhein may involve the inhibiting of the TRAF6-NF/κB pathway, the JNK MAPK pathway, and the crosstalk between the two pathways. These results suggested that rhein may be a promising drug candidate in anti-inflammation and inflammation-related DCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Nutrition Department, LinYi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hua Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Mei Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
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Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Li J, Guo X, Yin J, Zhang J, Tang C. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Pancreatic Pathology Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disequilibrium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:154-165. [PMID: 32314143 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in development and physiological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on pancreatic pathology and the potential mechanism in pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Yorkshire pigs were divided into two groups and fed a Se-deficient diet (0.007 mg Se/kg) or a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg Se/kg) for 16 weeks. The serum concentrations of insulin and glucagon, Se concentration, histologic characteristics, apoptotic status, antioxidant activity, free radical content, and major metabolite concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that Se deficiency reduced the concentrations of insulin and glucagon in the serum and of Se in pancreas, decreased the number of islets and cells in the local islets, and induced pancreatic apoptosis. Se deficiency caused a redox imbalance, which led to an increase in the content of free radicals and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Of 147 targeted metabolites judged to be present in pancreas, only hypotaurine and D-glucuronic acid had differential concentrations with the false discovery rate < 0.05. Pathway analysis using metabolites with differential expression (unadjusted P < 0.05, fold change > 1.4 or < 0.67) found that 8 glycolytic metabolites were significantly increased by Se-deficient, whereas most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites were not significantly changed. Our studies indicated that Se deficiency-induced pancreatic pathology was associated with oxidative stress and enhanced activity of glycolysis, which may provide gaining insight into the actions of Se as a diabetogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Papaioannou I, Simons JP, Owen JS. Oligonucleotide-directed gene-editing technology: mechanisms and future prospects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:329-42. [PMID: 22321001 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.660522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene editing, as defined here, uses short synthetic oligonucleotides to introduce small, site-specific changes into mammalian genomes, including repair of genetic point mutations. Early RNA-DNA oligonucleotides (chimeraplasts) were problematic, but application of single-stranded all-DNA molecules (ssODNs) has matured the technology into a reproducible tool with therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED The review illustrates how gene-editing mechanisms are linked to DNA repair systems and DNA replication, and explains that while homologous recombination (HR) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) are implicated, the mismatch repair (MMR) system is inhibitory. Although edited cells often arrest in late S-phase or G2-phase, alternative ssODN chemistries can improve editing efficiency and cell viability. The final section focuses on the exciting tandem use of ssODNs with zinc finger nucleases to achieve high frequency genome editing. EXPERT OPINION For a decade, changing the genetic code of cells via ssODNs was largely done in reporter gene systems to optimize methods and as proof-of-principle. Today, editing endogenous genes is advancing, driven by a clearer understanding of mechanisms, by effective ssODN designs and by combination with engineered endonuclease technologies. Success is becoming routine in vitro and ex vivo, which includes editing embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, suggesting that in vivo organ gene editing is a future option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papaioannou
- UCL Medical School, Division of Medicine (Upper 3rd Floor), Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Sargent RG, Kim S, Gruenert DC. Oligo/polynucleotide-based gene modification: strategies and therapeutic potential. Oligonucleotides 2011; 21:55-75. [PMID: 21417933 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2010.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide- and polynucleotide-based gene modification strategies were developed as an alternative to transgene-based and classical gene targeting-based gene therapy approaches for treatment of genetic disorders. Unlike the transgene-based strategies, oligo/polynucleotide gene targeting approaches maintain gene integrity and the relationship between the protein coding and gene-specific regulatory sequences. Oligo/polynucleotide-based gene modification also has several advantages over classical vector-based homologous recombination approaches. These include essentially complete homology to the target sequence and the potential to rapidly engineer patient-specific oligo/polynucleotide gene modification reagents. Several oligo/polynucleotide-based approaches have been shown to successfully mediate sequence-specific modification of genomic DNA in mammalian cells. The strategies involve the use of polynucleotide small DNA fragments, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides to mediate homologous exchange. The primary focus of this review will be on the mechanistic aspects of the small fragment homologous replacement, triplex-forming oligonucleotide-mediated, and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide-mediated gene modification strategies as it relates to their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Geoffrey Sargent
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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