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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Collon K, Gallo MC, Bell JA, Chang SW, Rodman JCS, Sugiyama O, Kohn DB, Lieberman JR. Improving Lentiviral Transduction of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1260-1268. [PMID: 35859364 PMCID: PMC9808795 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral transduction of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces long-term transgene expression and holds great promise for multiple gene therapy applications. Polybrene is the most commonly used reagent to improve viral gene transfer efficiency in laboratory research; however, it is not approved for human use and has also been shown to impair MSC proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, there is a need for optimized transduction protocols that can also be adapted to clinical settings. LentiBOOST (LB) and protamine sulfate are alternative transduction enhancers (TEs) that can be manufactured to current Good Manufacturing Practice standards, are easily applied to existing protocols, and have been previously studied for the transduction of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In this study, we investigated these reagents for the enhancement of lentiviral transduction of adipose-derived MSCs. We found that the combination of LB and protamine sulfate could yield comparable or even superior transduction efficiency to polybrene, with no dose-dependent adverse effects on cell viability or stem cell characteristics. This combination of TEs represents a valuable clinically compatible alternative to polybrene with the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of lentiviral transduction of MSCs for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Collon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew C. Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie W. Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Croom Sueiro Rodman
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; and
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jay R. Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Collon K, Bell JA, Gallo MC, Chang SW, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Tassey J, Hollis R, Heckmann N, Oakes DA, Longjohn DB, Evseenko D, Kohn DB, Lieberman JR. Influence of donor age and comorbidities on transduced human adipose-derived stem cell in vitro osteogenic potential. Gene Ther 2022; 30:369-376. [PMID: 36216880 PMCID: PMC10086075 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) transduced with a lentiviral vector system to express bone morphogenetic protein 2 (LV-BMP-2) have been shown to reliably heal bone defects in animal models. However, the influence of donor characteristics such as age, sex, race, and medical co-morbidities on ASC yield, growth and bone regenerative capacity, while critical to the successful clinical translation of stem cell-based therapies, are not well understood. Human ASCs isolated from the infrapatellar fat pads in 122 ASC donors were evaluated for cell growth characteristics; 44 underwent additional analyses to evaluate in vitro osteogenic potential, with and without LV-BMP-2 transduction. We found that while female donors demonstrated significantly higher cell yield and ASC growth rates, age, race, and the presence of co-morbid conditions were not associated with differences in proliferation. Donor demographics or the presence of comorbidities were not associated with differences in in vitro osteogenic potential or stem cell differentiation, except that transduced ASCs from healthy donors produced more BMP-2 at day 2. Overall, donor age, sex, race, and the presence of co-morbid conditions had a limited influence on cell yield, proliferation, self-renewal capacity, and osteogenic potential for non-transduced and transduced (LV-BMP-2) ASCs. These results suggest that ASCs are a promising resource for both autologous and allogeneic cell-based gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Collon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew C Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Stephanie W Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jade Tassey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Roger Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael Heckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Daniel A Oakes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Donald B Longjohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Rudiansyah M, El-Sehrawy AA, Ahmad I, Terefe EM, Abdelbasset WK, Bokov DO, Salazar A, Rizaev JA, Muthanna FMS, Shalaby MN. Osteoporosis treatment by mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes: Emphasis on signaling pathways and mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 306:120717. [PMID: 35792178 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the loss of bone density, which is one of the main problems in developed and developing countries and is more common in the elderly. Because this disease is often not diagnosed until a bone fracture, it can become a life-threatening disease and cause hospitalization. With the increase of older people in a population, this disease's personal and social costs increase year by year and affect different communities. Most current treatments focus on pain relief and usually do not lead to bone tissue recovery and regeneration. But today, the use of stem cell therapy is recommended to treat and improve this disease recovery, which helps restore bone tissue by improving the imbalance in the osteoblast-osteoclast axis. Due to mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) characteristics and their exosomes, these cells and vesicles are excellent sources for treating and preventing the progression and improvement of osteoporosis. Due to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into different cells and migrate to the site of injury, these cells are used in tissue regenerative medicine. Also, due to their contents, the exosomes of these cells help regenerate and treat various tissue injuries by affecting the injury site's cells. In this article, we attempted to review new studies in which MSCs and their exosomes were used to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Amr A El-Sehrawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ermias Mergia Terefe
- School of pharmacy and Health science, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Aleli Salazar
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector of Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Yang X, Cao X, Qin A, Zhao J. Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942128. [PMID: 36159705 PMCID: PMC9490047 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedics, bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection, tumor resection, and skeletal abnormalities are very common. However, due to the lengthy and painful process of related surgery, people intend to shorten the recovery period and reduce the risk of rejection; as a result, more attention is being paid to bone regeneration with mesenchymal stromal cells, one of which is the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. After continuous subculture and cryopreservation, ASCs still have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. They can be implanted in the human body to promote bone repair after induction in vitro, solve the problems of scarce sources and large damage, and are expected to be used in the treatment of bone defects and non-union fractures. However, the diversity of its differentiation lineage and the lack of bone formation potential limit its current applications in bone disease. Here, we concluded the current applications of ASCs in bone repair, especially with the combination and use of physical and biological methods. ASCs alone have been proved to contribute to the repair of bone damage in vivo and in vitro. Attaching to bone scaffolds or adding bioactive molecules can enhance the formation of the bone matrix. Moreover, we further evaluated the efficiency of ASC-committed differentiation in the bone in conditions of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. The results show that ASCs in combination with synthetic bone grafts and biomaterials may affect the regeneration, augmentation, and vascularization of bone defects on bone healing. The specific conclusion of different materials applied with ASCs may vary. It has been confirmed to benefit osteogenesis by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways and gene transduction. Exosomes secreted by ASCs also play an important role in osteogenesis. This review will illustrate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of ASCs’ current applications and future development in bone repair and regeneration, and provide an incentive for superior employment of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
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Watson-Levings RS, Palmer GD, Levings PP, Dacanay EA, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901317. [PMID: 35837555 PMCID: PMC9274665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In orthopaedics, gene-based treatment approaches are being investigated for an array of common -yet medically challenging- pathologic conditions of the skeletal connective tissues and structures (bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, joints, intervertebral discs etc.). As the skeletal system protects the vital organs and provides weight-bearing structural support, the various tissues are principally composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM), often with minimal cellularity and vasculature. Due to their functional roles, composition, and distribution throughout the body the skeletal tissues are prone to traumatic injury, and/or structural failure from chronic inflammation and matrix degradation. Due to a mixture of environment and endogenous factors repair processes are often slow and fail to restore the native quality of the ECM and its function. In other cases, large-scale lesions from severe trauma or tumor surgery, exceed the body’s healing and regenerative capacity. Although a wide range of exogenous gene products (proteins and RNAs) have the potential to enhance tissue repair/regeneration and inhibit degenerative disease their clinical use is hindered by the absence of practical methods for safe, effective delivery. Cumulatively, a large body of evidence demonstrates the capacity to transfer coding sequences for biologic agents to cells in the skeletal tissues to achieve prolonged delivery at functional levels to augment local repair or inhibit pathologic processes. With an eye toward clinical translation, we discuss the research progress in the primary injury and disease targets in orthopaedic gene therapy. Technical considerations important to the exploration and pre-clinical development are presented, with an emphasis on vector technologies and delivery strategies whose capacity to generate and sustain functional transgene expression in vivo is well-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S. Watson-Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glyn D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Padraic P. Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - E. Anthony Dacanay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher H. Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Steven C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven C. Ghivizzani,
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Chen H, Hou K, Wu Y, Liu Z. Use of Adipose Stem Cells Against Hypertrophic Scarring or Keloid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:823694. [PMID: 35071247 PMCID: PMC8770320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.823694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars or keloid form as part of the wound healing reaction process, and its formation mechanism is complex and diverse, involving multi-stage synergistic action of multiple cells and factors. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have become an emerging approach for the treatment of many diseases, including hypertrophic scarring or keloid, owing to their various advantages and potential. Herein, we analyzed the molecular mechanism of hypertrophic scar or keloid formation and explored the role and prospects of stem cell therapy, in the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ihn H, Kang H, Iglesias B, Sugiyama O, Tang A, Hollis R, Bougioukli S, Skorka T, Park S, Longjohn D, Oakes DA, Kohn DB, Lieberman JR. Regional Gene Therapy with Transduced Human Cells: The Influence of "Cell Dose" on Bone Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1422-1433. [PMID: 33882718 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional gene therapy using a lentiviral vector containing the BMP-2 complementary DNA (cDNA) has been shown to heal critical-sized bone defects in rodent models. An appropriate "cellular dose" needs to be defined for eventual translation into human trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone defect healing potential and quality using three different doses of transduced human bone marrow cells (HBMCs). HBMCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing either BMP-2 or green fluorescent protein (GFP). All cells were loaded onto compression-resistant matrices and implanted in the bone defect of athymic rats. Treatment groups included femoral defects that were treated with a low-dose (1 × 106 cells), standard-dose (5 × 106 cells), and high-dose (1.5 × 107 cells) HBMCs transduced with lentiviral vector containing BMP-2 cDNA. The three control groups were bone defects treated with HBMCs that were either nontransduced or transduced with vector containing GFP. All animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks. The bone formed in each defect was evaluated with plain radiographs, microcomputed tomography (microCT), histomorphometric analysis, and biomechanical testing. Bone defects treated with higher doses of BMP-2-producing cells were more likely to have healed (6/14 of the low-dose group; 12/14 of the standard-dose group; 14/14 of the high-dose group; χ2(2) = 15.501, p < 0.001). None of the bone defects in the control groups had healed. Bone defects treated with high dose and standard dose of BMP-2-producing cells consistently outperformed those treated with a low dose in terms of bone formation, as assessed by microCT and histomorphometry, and biomechanical parameters. However, statistical significance was only seen between defects treated with high dose and low dose. Larger doses of BMP-2-producing cells were associated with a higher likelihood of forming heterotopic ossification. Femurs treated with a standard- and high-dose BMP-2-producing cells demonstrated similar healing and biomechanical properties. Increased doses of BMP-2 delivered through higher cell doses have the potential to heal large bone defects. Adapting regional gene therapy for use in humans will require a balance between promoting bone repair and limiting heterotopic ossification. Impact statement Critical bone loss may result from complex traumatic bone injury (i.e., open fracture or blast injury), revision total joint arthroplasty, and spine pseudoarthrosis. This is a challenging clinical problem to treat and regional gene therapy is an innovative means of addressing it. This study provides information regarding the quantity of cells or "cell dose" of transduced cells needed to treat a critical-sized bone defect in a rat model. This information may be extrapolated for use in humans in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansel Ihn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brenda Iglesias
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amy Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tautis Skorka
- USC Molecular Imaging Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Orthopaedic Institute for Children, J. Vernon Luck. Sr., Orthopedic Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald Longjohn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel A Oakes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang Y, Liang W, Liu X, Li Q, Xie Y, Jiang Y. Osteogenesis and degradation behavior of magnesium alloy plate in vivo. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211034078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The magnesium alloy was fabricated into orthopedic plates, and used to repair tibial fractures of New Zealand white rabbits. The osteogenesis and degradation behavior of magnesium alloy plates were investigated in vivo. Methods: 38 rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental group using the magnesium alloy plate and control group using a titanium alloy plate. Tibial fractures in the experimental group and control group were fixed with magnesium alloy plates and titanium alloy plates, respectively. An X-ray of the fracture site was taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. The formation of callus and expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) in each group were examined at 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plate was observed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system. Results: The results of X-ray showed that the fracture healed gradually and there was significant callus around the plate in the magnesium alloy plate group than that in the titanium alloy plate groups. The formation of callus and the expression of BMP-2 in the magnesium alloy plate group were more significant than that in the titanium plate group. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plates deepened in vivo with the implantation time. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the magnesium alloy plate implanted into the rabbit tibia could promote the formation of callus and result in osteogenesis in vivo. Meanwhile, the magnesium alloy plate was absorbed gradually in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Laboratory, College of Clinical Medicine of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Fujisaki S, Kajiya H, Yanagi T, Maeshiba M, Kakura K, Kido H, Ohno J. Enhancement of jaw bone regeneration via ERK1/2 activation using dedifferentiated fat cells. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:608-616. [PMID: 33863640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Adipose tissues are known to be the source of two types of MSCs; namely, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. Although ASCs are sometimes transplanted for clinical cytotherapy, the effects of DFAT cell transplantation on mandibular bone healing remain unclear. METHODS The authors assessed whether DFAT cells have osteogenerative potential compared with ASCs in rats in vitro. In addition, to elucidate the ability of DFAT cells to regenerate the jaw bone, the authors examined the effects of DFAT cells on new bone formation in a mandibular defect model in (i) 30-week-old rats and (ii) ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats in vivo. RESULTS Osteoblast differentiation with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) or osteogenesis-induced medium upregulated the osteogenesis-related molecules in DFAT cells compared with those in ASCs. BMP-2 activated the phosphorylation signaling pathways of ERK1/2 and Smad2 in DFAT cells, but minor Smad1/5/9 activation was noted in ASCs. The transplantation of DFAT cells into normal or ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats with mandibular defects promoted new bone formation compared with that seen with ASCs. CONCLUSIONS DFAT cells promoted osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation through ERK1/2 and Smad2 signaling pathways in vitro. The transplantation of DFAT cells promoted new mandibular bone formation in vivo compared with that seen with ASCs. These results suggest that transplantation of ERK1/2-activated DFAT cells shorten the mandibular bone healing process in cytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Fujisaki
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Yanagi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munehisa Maeshiba
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kae Kakura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Ohno
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Musculoskeletal tissue engineering: Regional gene therapy for bone repair. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120901. [PMID: 34091300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss associated with fracture nonunion, revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and pseudoarthrosis of the spine presents a challenging clinical scenario for the orthopaedic surgeon. Current treatment options including autograft, allograft, bone graft substitutes, and bone transport techniques are associated with significant morbidity, high costs, and prolonged treatment regimens. Unfortunately, these treatment strategies have proven insufficient to safely and consistently heal bone defects in the stringent biological environments often encountered in clinical cases of bone loss. The application of tissue engineering (TE) to musculoskeletal pathology has uncovered exciting potential treatment strategies for challenging bone loss scenarios in orthopaedic surgery. Regional gene therapy involves the local implantation of nucleic acids or genetically modified cells to direct specific protein expression, and has shown promise as a potential TE technique for the regeneration of bone. Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the ability of regional gene therapy to safely and effectively heal critical sized bone defects which otherwise do not heal. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of gene therapy applications for TE in challenging bone loss scenarios, with an emphasis on gene delivery methods and models, scaffold biomaterials, preclinical results, and future directions.
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12
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Cun X, Hosta-Rigau L. Topography: A Biophysical Approach to Direct the Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2070. [PMID: 33092104 PMCID: PMC7590059 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to treat tissue and organ loss or damage caused by injury or disease. During the past two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest in tissue engineering due to their multipotency and self-renewal ability. MSCs are also the most multipotent stem cells in the human adult body. However, the application of MSCs in tissue engineering is relatively limited because it is difficult to guide their differentiation toward a specific cell lineage by using traditional biochemical factors. Besides biochemical factors, the differentiation of MSCs also influenced by biophysical cues. To this end, much effort has been devoted to directing the cell lineage decisions of MSCs through adjusting the biophysical properties of biomaterials. The surface topography of the biomaterial-based scaffold can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Presently, the development of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques has made it possible to control the surface topography of the scaffold precisely. In this review, we highlight and discuss how the main topographical features (i.e., roughness, patterns, and porosity) are an efficient approach to control the fate of MSCs and the application of topography in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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13
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Vakhshori V, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Kang HP, Tang AH, Park SH, Lieberman JR. Ex vivo regional gene therapy with human adipose-derived stem cells for bone repair. Bone 2020; 138:115524. [PMID: 32622870 PMCID: PMC7423694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of complex bone loss scenarios remains challenging. This study evaluates the efficacy of ex vivo regional gene therapy using transduced human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) overexpressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to treat critical-sized bone defects. METHODS Critical-sized femoral defects created surgically in immunocompromised rats were treated with ASCs transduced with a lentivirus encoding BMP-2 (Group 1, n = 14), or green fluorescent protein (Group 2, n = 5), nontransduced ASCs (Group 3, n = 5), or rhBMP-2 (Group 4, n = 14). At 12 weeks, femurs were evaluated for quantity and quality of bone formation with plain radiographs, micro-computed tomography, histology/histomorphometry, and biomechanical strength testing. RESULTS Thirteen of 14 samples in Group 1 and all 14 samples in Group 4 showed radiographic healing, while no samples in either Groups 2 or 3 healed. Groups 1 and 4 had significantly higher radiographic scores (p < 0.001), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (p < 0.001), and bone area fraction (BA/TA) than Groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Radiographic scores, BV/TV, and BA/TA were not significantly different between Groups 1 and 4. No difference with regards to mean torque, rotation at failure, torsional stiffness, and energy to failure was seen between Groups 1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Human ASCs modified to overexpress BMP-2 resulted in abundant bone formation, with the quality of bone comparable to that of rhBMP-2. This strategy represents a promising approach in the treatment of large bone defects in the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Large bone defects may require sustained protein production to induce an appropriate osteoinductive response. Ex vivo regional gene therapy using a lentiviral vector has the potential to be part of a comprehensive tissue engineering strategy for treating osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Hyunwoo P Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Orthopaedic Institute for Children, J. Vernon Luck Sr. Orthopaedic Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 403 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States of America
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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14
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Bougioukli S, Chateau M, Morales H, Vakhshori V, Sugiyama O, Oakes D, Longjohn D, Cannon P, Lieberman JR. Limited potential of AAV-mediated gene therapy in transducing human mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair applications. Gene Ther 2020; 28:729-739. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Safarova Y, Umbayev B, Hortelano G, Askarova S. Mesenchymal stem cells modifications for enhanced bone targeting and bone regeneration. Regen Med 2020; 15:1579-1594. [PMID: 32297546 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathological bone conditions (e.g., osteoporotic fractures or critical size bone defects), increasing the pool of osteoblast progenitor cells is a promising therapeutic approach to facilitate bone healing. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to the osteogenic lineage, a number of clinical trials investigated the potential of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration. However, the engraftment of transplanted cells is often hindered by insufficient oxygen and nutrients supply and the tendency of MSCs to home to different sites of the body. In this review, we discuss various approaches of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration including scaffold and hydrogel constructs, genetic modifications and surface engineering of the cell membrane aimed to improve homing and increase cell viability, proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Safarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering & Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences & Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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16
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Bougioukli S, Alluri R, Pannell W, Sugiyama O, Vega A, Tang A, Skorka T, Park SH, Oakes D, Lieberman JR. Ex vivo gene therapy using human bone marrow cells overexpressing BMP-2: "Next-day" gene therapy versus standard "two-step" approach. Bone 2019; 128:115032. [PMID: 31398502 PMCID: PMC6813891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, ex vivo gene therapy involves a two-step approach, with culture expansion of cells prior to transduction and implantation. We have tried to simplify this strategy and eliminate the time and cost associated with culture expansion, by introducing "next-day" regional gene therapy using human bone marrow cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a lentiviral vector (LV) carrying the cDNA for BMP-2 can transduce freshly isolated human BM cells, leading to abundant BMP production and bone formation in vivo, and evaluate the in vivo osteoinductive potential of "next-day" gene therapy and the standard "two-step" tissue culture expansion approach. To this end, human bone marrow cells (HBMC) from patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were harvested, transduced with a BMP-2-expressing LV either overnight ("next day" gene therapy; ND) or after culture expansion (cultured "two-step" approach; C) and then implanted into a rat critical-sized femoral defect. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: I; ND-HBMC transduced with LV-TSTA BMP-2, II; ND-HBMC transduced with LV-TSTA GFP, III; non-transduced ND-HBMC; IV; C-HBMC transduced with LV-TSTA BMP-2, V; C-HBMC transduced with LV-TSTA-GFP, VI; non-transduced C-HBMC. Treatment with either "next-day" or cultured HBMC demonstrated a significant increase in new bone formation compared with all negative control groups as seen in plain radiographs, microCT and histologic/histomorphometric analysis. At 12 weeks post-op, complete defect union on plain X-rays occurred in 7/14 animals in the ND-HBMC/BMP-2 group and 12/14 in the C-HBMC/BMP-2 treated rats. The two-step approach was associated with more consistent results, a higher union rate, and superiority with regards to all of the studied bone healing parameters. In this study we demonstrate proof of concept that BMP-2-transduced human bone marrow cells can be used to enhance bone healing in segmental bone defects, and that regional gene therapy using lentiviral transduction has the osteoinductive potential to heal large bone defects in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ram Alluri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Pannell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Vega
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sang Hyun Park
- Orthopaedic Institute for Children, J. Vernon Luck. Sr., Orthopaedic Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Oakes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Sun X, Zheng W, Qian C, Wu Q, Hao Y, Lu G. Focal adhesion kinase promotes BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation of human urinary stem cells via AMPK and Wnt signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4954-4964. [PMID: 31663128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) serve as favorable candidates for bone transplants due to their efficient proliferative and multipotent differentiation abilities, as well as the capacity to secrete a variety of vasoactive agents to facilitate tissue engineering. The present study aimed to explore the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The degree of osteogenic differentiation and the correlated signals, following BMP2 overexpression and siRNA-mediated silencing of FAK, were determined in vitro. Moreover, hUSCs induced bone formation in a rat model with cranial defects, in vivo. Our findings revealed that alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposits, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression, and bone formation were upregulated in vitro and in vivo following BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation, and AMPK and Wnt signaling pathway activation by FAK could effectively regulate BMP2-enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that FAK could mediate BMP2-enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs through activating adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Sun
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guohai Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Han Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Chang F, Ding J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:E886. [PMID: 31412678 PMCID: PMC6721852 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. MSCs are easily extracted from the bone marrow, fat, and synovium, and differentiate into various cell lineages according to the requirements of specific biomedical applications. As MSCs do not express significant histocompatibility complexes and immune stimulating molecules, they are not detected by immune surveillance and do not lead to graft rejection after transplantation. These properties make them competent biomedical candidates, especially in tissue engineering. We present a brief overview of MSC extraction methods and subsequent potential for differentiation, and a comprehensive overview of their preclinical and clinical applications in regenerative medicine, and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuezhou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Yuping Han
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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19
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BMP-2 Gene Delivery-Based Bone Regeneration in Dentistry. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080393. [PMID: 31387267 PMCID: PMC6723260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent growth factor affecting bone formation. While recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) has been commercially available in cases of non-union fracture and spinal fusion in orthopaedics, it has also been applied to improve bone regeneration in challenging cases requiring dental implant treatment. However, complications related to an initially high dosage for maintaining an effective physiological concentration at the defect site have been reported, although an effective and safe rhBMP-2 dosage for bone regeneration has not yet been determined. In contrast to protein delivery, BMP-2 gene transfer into the defect site induces BMP-2 synthesis in vivo and leads to secretion for weeks to months, depending on the vector, at a concentration of nanograms per milliliter. BMP-2 gene delivery is advantageous for bone wound healing process in terms of dosage and duration. However, safety concerns related to viral vectors are one of the hurdles that need to be overcome for gene delivery to be used in clinical practice. Recently, commercially available gene therapy has been introduced in orthopedics, and clinical trials in dentistry have been ongoing. This review examines the application of BMP-2 gene therapy for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial regions and discusses future perspectives of BMP-2 gene therapy in dentistry.
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20
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Stovall KE, Tran TDN, Suantawee T, Yao S, Gimble JM, Adisakwattana S, Cheng H. Adenosine triphosphate enhances osteoblast differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells via the PLC-IP 3 pathway and intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1723-1732. [PMID: 31301074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals are essential for stem cell function and play a significant role in the differentiation process. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a potential source of stem cells; however, the mechanisms controlling cell differentiation remain largely unknown. Utilizing rat DPSCs, we examined the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on osteoblast differentiation and characterized its mechanism of action using real-time Ca 2+ imaging analysis. Our results revealed that ATP enhanced osteogenesis as indicated by Ca 2+ deposition in the extracellular matrix via Alizarin Red S staining. This was consistent with upregulation of osteoblast genes BMP2, Mmp13, Col3a1, Ctsk, Flt1, and Bgn. Stimulation of DPSCs with ATP (1-300 µM) increased intracellular Ca 2+ signals in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas histamine, acetylcholine, arginine vasopressin, carbachol, and stromal-cell-derived factor-1α failed to do so. Depletion of intracellular Ca 2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum by thapsigargin abolished the ATP responses which, nevertheless, remained detectable under extracellular Ca 2+ free condition. Furthermore, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 and the inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibited the Ca 2+ signals. Our findings provide a better understanding of how ATP controls osteogenesis in DPSCs, which involves a Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism via the PLC-IP 3 pathway. This knowledge could help improve osteogenic differentiation protocols for tissue regeneration of bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E Stovall
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tran D N Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tanyawan Suantawee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans Bioinnovation Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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21
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Bougioukli S, Vakhshori V, Ortega B, Sugiyama O, Lieberman J. Regulated ex vivo regional gene therapy for bone repair using an inducible caspase-9 suicide gene system. Gene Ther 2019; 26:230-239. [PMID: 30962534 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to adapt ex vivo regional gene therapy for clinical applications in orthopaedic surgery, safety issues must be considered. In this study we developed a suicide approach using a dual gene expression two step transcriptional amplification lentiviral vector (LV-TSTA) encoding BMP-2 and an inducible caspase 9 (iC9) system that selectively induces apoptosis upon activation with a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID). Transduction of rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs) with LV-TSTA-iC9/BMP-2 led to abundant BMP-2 production (90.3 ± 7.9 ng/24 h/106 cells) in vitro and stimulated bone formation in a mouse muscle pouch in the absence of CID. Moreover it was shown that CID could be used to selectively induce apoptosis in iC9-transduced cells both in vitro and in vivo. Double exposure to serial dilutions of CID decreased in vitro production of BMP-2 by 85-87% and Luc activity by 97-99% in iC9/BMP-2 or iC9/Luc-transduced cells respectively. Early administration of CID (Days 0-1 post-op) in mice implanted with iC9/BMP-2-transduced RBMSCs was effective in blocking bone formation, indicating that CID was toxic to the transduced cells. In iC9/Luc-implanted mice, late administration of two doses of CID (Days 27-28 post-op) significantly reduced the luciferase signal. The current study provides proof of concept for the potential clinical application of regulated gene therapy to promote bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Ortega
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Lee E, Ko JY, Kim J, Park JW, Lee S, Im GI. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are simultaneously enhanced in BMP2-/VEGF-transfected adipose stem cells through activation of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4588-4602. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While bone has the capability to heal itself, there is a great difficulty in reconstituting large bone defects created by heavy trauma or the resection of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Park
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics
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23
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The Human IL-23 Decoy Receptor Inhibits T-Cells Producing IL-17 by Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2018; 2018:8213912. [PMID: 30662466 PMCID: PMC6313978 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8213912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and self-renewable features of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) mark their importance in regenerative medicine. Interleukin 23 (IL- 23) as a proinflammatory cytokine suppresses T regulatory cells (Treg) and promotes the response of T helper 17 (Th17) and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. This pathway starts inflammation and immunosuppression in several autoimmune diseases. The current study for producing recombinant IL- 23 decoy receptor (RIL- 23R) using hAD-MSCs as a good candidate for ex vivo cell-based gene therapy purposes reducing inflammation in autoimmune diseases. hAD-MSCs was isolated from lipoaspirate and then characterized by differentiation. RIL- 23R was designed and cloned into a pCDH-813A- 1 lentiviral vector. The transduction of hAD-MSCs was performed at MOI (multiplicity of infection) = 50 with pCDH- EFI α- RIL- 23R- PGK copGFP. Expressions of RIL- 23R and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT- 4) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). Self-renewing properties were assayed with OCT- 4. Bioactivity of the designed RIL- 23R was evaluated by IL- 17 and IL- 10 expression of mouse splenocytes. Cell differentiation confirmed the true isolation of hAD-MSCs from lipoaspirate. Restriction of the enzyme digestion and sequencing verified the successful cloning of RIL- 23R in the CD813A-1 lentiviral vector. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive transduction rate was up to 90%, and real-time PCR showed the expression level of RIL-23R. Oct-4 had a similar expression pattern with nontransduced hAD-MSCs and transduced hAD-MSCs/ RIL-23R indicating that lentiviral vector did not affect hAD-MSCs characteristics. Downregulation of IL-17 and upregulation of IL-10 showed the correct activity of the engineered hAD-MSCs. The results showed that the transduced hAD-MSCs/ RIL- 23R, expressing IL-23 decoy receptor, can give a useful approach for a basic research on cell-based gene therapy for autoimmune disorders.
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24
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Vakhshori V, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Tang A, Yoho R, Lieberman JR. Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Use in Ex Vivo Regional Gene Therapy for Bone Repair. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:269-277. [PMID: 30280937 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2018.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an ex vivo regional gene therapy clinical pathway using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may require cryopreservation for cell culture, storage, and transport prior to clinical use. ASCs isolated from five donors were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing BMP-2. Three groups were assessed: transduction without cell freezing (group 1), freezing of cells for 3 weeks followed by transduction (group 2), and cell transduction prior to freezing (group 3). Nontransduced cells were used as a control. The cluster of differentiation (CD) marker profiles, cell number, BMP-2 production, and osteogenic potential were measured. The CD marker profile (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) was unchanged after cryopreservation. Cell number was equivalent among cryopreservation protocols in transduced and nontransduced cells. There was a trend toward decreased BMP-2 production in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. Osteogenic potential based on Alizarin red concentration was higher in group 2 compared to group 3, with no difference compared to group 1. Freezing ASCs prior to transduction with a lentiviral vector containing BMP-2 has no detrimental effect on cell number, BMP-2 production, osteogenic potential, or immunophenotype. Transduction prior to freezing, however, may limit the BMP-2 production and potential osteogenic differentiation of the ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Amy Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Robert Yoho
- Cosmetic surgery private practice, Visalia, California
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
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25
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Rostami M, Haidari K, Shahbazi M. Genetically Engineered Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using HIV-Based Lentiviral Vectors as Gene Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:337-346. [PMID: 30307322 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and self-renewable features of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) mark their importance in regenerative medicine. Interleukin (IL)-23 as a proinflammatory cytokine suppresses T regulatory cells and promotes the response of T helper 17 and T helper 1 cells. This pathway initiates inflammation and immunosuppression in several autoimmune diseases. The current study aimed at producing recombinant IL-23 decoy receptor (RIL-23R) using hAD-MSCs as a good candidate for ex vivo cell-based gene therapy purposes to reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases. hAD-MSCs was isolated from lipoaspirate and then characterized by differentiation. RIL-23R was designed and cloned into a pCDH813A-1 lentiviral vector. The transduction of hAD-MSCs was performed at multiplicity of infection = 50 with pCDH-EFI α-RIL-23R-PGK copGFP. Expressions of RIL-23R and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Self-renewing properties were assayed with OCT-4. Bioactivity of the designed RIL-23R was evaluated by IL-17 and IL-10 expression of mouse splenocytes. The results showed that the transducted hAD-MSCs/RIL-23R, expressing IL-23 decoy receptor, can provide a useful approach for a basic research on cell-based gene therapy for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Rostami
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kamran Haidari
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
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26
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In vitro evaluation of a lentiviral two-step transcriptional amplification system using GAL4FF transactivator for gene therapy applications in bone repair. Gene Ther 2018; 25:260-268. [PMID: 29907876 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a lentiviral two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system expressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) under the control of a GAL4FF transactivator to enhance gene expression and limit toxicity for bone repair applications. To this end human MSCs, isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue, were transduced overnight with a LV-TSTA system (GAL4FF or GAL4vp16) expressing BMP-2 or GFP and evaluated in vitro for transduction efficiency, mean fluorescence intensity, cell viability, and BMP-2 production. FACS analysis of GFP-transduced MSCs confirmed successful transduction with the GAL4FF+GFP vector. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated abundant BMP-2 production by GAL4FF+BMP2-transduced human MSCs over a period of 8 weeks, with minimal cytotoxicity at all time points. Compared to GAL4vp16, GAL4FF was superior with respect to BMP production at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks in BMSCs. In ASCs, GAL4FF was still associated with higher BMP-2 production at weeks 2-8, but this difference was not as prominent as in BMSCs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GAL4FF-mediated BMP-2 production by human BMSCs and ASCs. Compared to the standard GAL4vp16TSTA vector, GAL4FF was associated with lower cytotoxicity and higher in vitro gene expression in both BMSCs and ASCs.
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