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Schaefer I, Panozzo S, DiGiacomo M, Heneka N, Phillips JL. Perceptions and experiences of clinicians and correctional officers facilitating palliative care for people in prison: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Palliat Med 2024:2692163241262614. [PMID: 39069672 DOI: 10.1177/02692163241262614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number of people ageing in prison with complex healthcare needs continues to increase, so does the need for palliative care in the restrictive prison context. Palliative care for people in prison is facilitated by correctional officers, and prison- and hospital-based clinicians. A collective analysis of existing research to identify common experiences of these stakeholders globally has not been completed. AIM To explore the perceptions and experiences of correctional officers and prison- and hospital-based clinicians who facilitate palliative care for people in prison. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-synthesis. DATA SOURCES Keywords and subject headings related to palliative care and prisons were used to search seven databases with no time limitations. Peer-reviewed research in English, containing qualitative data from stakeholders facilitating palliative care for people in prison were included, and appraised using the CASP tool. RESULTS Two analytical themes emerged: (i) a prison lens on a palliative approach and (ii) coping complexities. Palliative care is 'translated' into the prison setting according to security and environmental constraints. Stakeholders experienced ethical, personal and professional difficulties, because prison-based palliative care did not align with community norms. Ambiguous policy and expectations regarding prioritising care needs and balancing custodial rules led to role stress. CONCLUSIONS Providing palliative care for people in prison is complex and impacts stakeholders and people in prison with palliative care needs. Supporting person-centred care through a multi-service approach, stakeholder education and standards will improve the quality and accessibility of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey Panozzo
- St Vincent's Health Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Heneka
- University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane L Phillips
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Stewart W, Prost SG. Supporting Older, Frail, and Vulnerable Adult Prisoners Through Peer Care: Observations, Reflections, and Recommendations Based on a UK/U.S. Researcher Exchange Visit. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:149-152. [PMID: 38682375 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.11.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This article describes key findings from a UK/U.S. prison health researcher exchange in September 2023. The aims were to increase familiarity with the research context and to observe the roles of peer caregivers in U.S. prison settings. The researchers identified several differences and similarities in peer caregiving between UK and U.S. sites and detail six recommendations related to policy and practice concerning both sides of the Atlantic. It is believed that the adoption of such recommendations will contribute to improved care and, thereby, the health and well-being of vulnerable people incarcerated in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Stewart
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Grace Prost
- Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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O'Conner-Von S, Shlafer R, Galchutt P, Kettering S, Bouterse A, Freese R, Berry P. A Survey of State Correctional Health Care Providers on Advance Care Planning: Opportunity for Collaboration With Corrections. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024:10499091241226638. [PMID: 38279955 DOI: 10.1177/10499091241226638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prison populations are rapidly aging. Persons in prison age quicker and suffer more chronic illness and disability than their nonincarcerated peers, posing challenges to caring for prisoners who are chronically ill and dying. The goal of our study was to describe state prisons' practices and policies addressing persons in prison with advanced chronic and life limiting illness through a national web-based survey of state-level prison health care professionals. In particular, we focused on advanced care planning, use of health care directives, decision-making about goals of care, including life sustaining treatments, The response rate was 22% for a sample size 152 completed surveys. The average age of respondent was 52 years; majority were female and Caucasian, and had worked in corrections more than 8 years. Nearly half were registered nurses. Most reported their prison did not have a dedicated end-of-life care program and only 11% offered a peer-care program. However, two-thirds indicated their facility provided the opportunity to designate a health care agent with physicians most likely responsible for facilitating completion of a health care directive. It is evident the care of persons aging and dying in prison is complex and requires further investigation addressing staff and prison population education, ethics guidelines for care, compassionate release, and advance care planning. This study suggests that hospice and palliative care professionals could collaborate with corrections professionals and national organizations to provide innovative education and support to enhance the humane care of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Shlafer
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Ali Bouterse
- University of Minnesota, Social Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Freese
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Berry
- University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake, UT, USA
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McParland C, Johnston B, Ouwehand IEI. Caring for people in prison with palliative and end-of-life care needs. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2023; 17:224-230. [PMID: 37399538 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prison population is growing and ageing, and many people will die from natural causes while incarcerated. This article provides a contemporary review of key issues related to palliative and end-of-life care in prisons. RECENT FINDINGS Few countries have integrated prison hospices. Palliative care needs may go unrecognised in prison. Older offenders may not trust the prison to care for them and may benefit from segregation. Cancer remains a major cause of death. Training staff remains a priority, and technology can help facilitate this. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on prisons, less is known about its impact on palliative care. Compassionate release is underutilised, and the issue of medically assisted dying adds complexity to decisions around end-of-life care. Peer carers can provide reliable symptom assessment. Family members are often absent when someone dies in prison. SUMMARY Palliative and end-of-life care in prisons requires a joined-up approach, and staff must understand the challenges of both this and custodial care in general. The relational network both inside and outside of the prison should be involved, and when possible and appropriate, we should consider alternatives to dying whilst incarcerated, such as compassionate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McParland
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Bridget Johnston
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Miller MC, Salgado G, Nasrallah N, Bronson J, Sabatino CP, Mintzer J. Dementia in the incarcerated population: a retrospective study using the South Carolina Alzheimer's disease registry, USA. Int J Prison Health 2023; 19:10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0071. [PMID: 36821370 PMCID: PMC10460458 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-08-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research about the prevalence of dementia among older adults in the incarceration system is currently lacking, and further investigation is warranted. Considering the high level of healthcare needs, unique behavioural issues and difficulty to rehabilitate within the system due to its punitive approach and lack of effective rehabilitation programs, further investigation is warranted to characterize and determine the number of incarcerated older adults with dementia. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of individuals with dementia in the prison system while also describing the incarceration, demographic and offence-related characteristics of this unique population. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH South Carolina (SC) Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Registry (1992-2016) and South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) data (Fiscal years 1992-2019) were cross-referenced. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) cases in the corrections system was calculated using South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease (SC AD) SC ADRD Registry and SCDC data. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine strength and direction of relationships between year of incarceration and frequency of ADRD cases both prior to and after incarcerations, respectively. Significant differences by age group, race, gender and dementia type were determined using a two-tailed pooled t-test and Bonferroni approach where appropriate. Count data for types of crimes committed are also presented. FINDINGS The linkage showed that there were 2,171 individuals within the SC AD Registry who have been in the corrections system, about 1% of those in the Registry. Of these individuals, 1,930 cases were diagnosed with ADRD after incarceration and 241 prior to incarceration. In 2016, 317 individuals with ADRD were incarcerated. For ages 55 and above in South Carolina, the prevalence of ADRD is 6.7% in the general, non-incarcerated population compared to 14.4% in the incarcerated population. Additional results showed that those diagnosed with ADRD between 55 and 65 years of age had a significantly lower mean age at first incarceration (34.6 years of age) than those diagnosed between 66 and 74 years of age (55.9 years of age), indicating that those incarcerated earlier in life had an earlier dementia diagnosis. Additionally, African Americans had a significantly lower mean age at first incarceration (43.4 years of age) than Whites (46.2 years of age) and females had significantly lower mean age at first incarceration (42.9 years of age) than males (45 years of age). When investigating trends, results showed a significant positive linear association between year and frequency of ADRD diagnoses (p-value < 0.05) for those with ADRD diagnosis prior to incarceration and a significant decreasing linear association (p-value < 0.0001) in the number of individuals with an ADRD diagnosis after corrections. Findings also showed that a large percentage of older adults with ADRD in prison did not commit a violence offence. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study links a population-based Alzheimer's disease registry and state-wide corrections data to estimate the prevalence of individuals with dementia in the prison system. This linkage presents an opportunity to fill in significant gaps and contribute to the body of literature on dementia among people in prison in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Chandlee Miller
- Office for the Study of Aging, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Glaucia Salgado
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole Nasrallah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Charles P Sabatino
- Commission on Law and Aging, American Bar Association Washington DC, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jacobo Mintzer
- Department of Health Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA and VA Medical Center Ralph H Johnson, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Clifton J, Maruca AT, Loeb SJ, Zucker DM, Muse M, Shelton D. Nurse academic-practice partnerships in justice systems: Building upon the evidence. J Prof Nurs 2022; 40:20-27. [PMID: 35568454 PMCID: PMC9107593 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Clifton
- University of Utah, College of Nursing, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
| | - Annette T Maruca
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Susan J Loeb
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, 201 Nursing Sciences Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Donna M Zucker
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, College of Nursing, 650 No. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Mary Muse
- Wisconsin Department of Corrections, 3099 East Washington Ave., Madison, WI 53704, United States of America.
| | - Deborah Shelton
- Shelton Consulting Services, LLC, 624, Hendersonville, NC 28739, United States of America
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