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Zhang H, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Hu X. Interferon-γ and its response are determinants of antibody-mediated rejection and clinical outcomes in patients after renal transplantation. Genes Immun 2024; 25:66-81. [PMID: 38246974 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an important cytokine in tissue homeostasis and immune response, while studies about it in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) are very limited. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the role of IFN-γ in ABMR after renal transplantation. In six renal transplantation cohorts, the IFN-γ responses (IFNGR) biological process was consistently top up-regulated in ABMR compared to stable renal function or even T cell-mediated rejection in both allografts and peripheral blood. According to single-cell analysis, IFNGR levels were found to be broadly elevated in most cell types in allografts and peripheral blood with ABMR. In allografts with ABMR, M1 macrophages had the highest IFNGR levels and were heavily infiltrated, while kidney resident M2 macrophages were nearly absent. In peripheral blood, CD14+ monocytes had the top IFNGR level and were significantly increased in ABMR. Immunofluorescence assay showed that levels of IFN-γ and M1 macrophages were sharply elevated in allografts with ABMR than non-rejection. Importantly, the IFNGR level in allografts was identified as a strong risk factor for long-term renal graft survival. Together, this study systematically analyzed multi-omics from thirteen independent cohorts and identified IFN-γ and IFNGR as determinants of ABMR and clinical outcomes in patients after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhou Z, Zhang S, Yang G, Gao Y. Enhanced delivery efficiency and sustained release of biopharmaceuticals by complexation-based gel encapsulated coated microneedles: rhIFNα-1b example. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:612-622. [PMID: 34849166 PMCID: PMC8609446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coated microneedles (MNs) are widely used for delivering biopharmaceuticals. In this study, a novel gel encapsulated coated MNs (GEC-MNs) was developed. The water-soluble drug coating was encapsulated with sodium alginate (SA) in situ complexation gel. The manufacturing process of GEC-MNs was optimized for mass production. Compared to the water-soluble coated MNs (72.02% ± 11.49%), the drug delivery efficiency of the optimized GEC-MNs (88.42% ± 6.72%) was steadily increased, and this improvement was investigated through in vitro drug release. The sustained-release of BSA was observed in vitro permeation through the skin. The rhIFNα-1b GEC-MNs was confirmed to achieve biosafety and 6-month storage stability. Pharmacokinetics of rhIFNα-1b in GEC-MNs showed a linearly dose-dependent relationship. The AUC of rhIFNα-1b in GEC-MNs (4.51 ng/ml·h) was bioequivalent to the intradermal (ID) injection (5.36 ng/ml·h) and significantly higher than water-soluble coated MNs (3.12 ng/ml·h). The rhIFNα-1b elimination half-life of GEC-MNs, soluble coated MNs, and ID injection was 18.16, 1.44, and 2.53 h, respectively. The complexation-based GEC-MNs have proved to be more efficient, stable, and achieve the sustained-release of water-soluble drug in coating MNs, constituting a high value to biopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China
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3
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Targeting interferon-γ in hyperinflammation: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:678-691. [PMID: 34611329 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple effects on the inflammatory response and on innate and adaptive immunity. Overproduction of IFNγ underlies several, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory or immune-mediated diseases. Several data from animal models and/or from translational research in patients point to a role of IFNγ in hyperinflammatory diseases, such as primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome, and cytokine release syndrome, all of which are often managed by rheumatologists or in consultation with rheumatologists. Given the effects of IFNγ on B cells and T follicular helper cells, a role for IFNγ in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis is emerging. To improve our understanding of the role of IFNγ in human disease, IFNγ-related biomarkers that are relevant for the management of hyperinflammatory diseases are progressively being identified and studied, especially because circulating levels of IFNγ do not always reflect its overproduction in tissue. These biomarkers include STAT1 (specifically the phosphorylated form), neopterin and the chemokine CXCL9. IFNγ-neutralizing agents have shown efficacy in the treatment of primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in clinical trials and initial promising results have been obtained in various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome. In clinical practice, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the usefulness of circulating CXCL9 levels as a biomarker reflecting IFNγ production.
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Faber C, Juel HB, Jensen BAH, Christensen JP, Prause JU, Thomsen AR, Nissen MH. Chemokine Expression in Murine RPE/Choroid in Response to Systemic Viral Infection and Elevated Levels of Circulating Interferon-γ. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:192-201. [PMID: 30654385 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine how circulating immune mediators in vivo may affect gene and protein expression at the RPE/choroid interface. Methods Young mice were systemically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or continuously infused with IFN-γ. RPE/choroid was isolated and analyzed with whole-transcriptome gene expression microarrays. Selected gene expression findings were validated at the protein level. Results Both the systemic immune activation from virus infection and the sterile systemically increased level of IFN-γ resulted in increased expression of chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors, and early complement components in isolates of RPE/choroid. These findings were largely absent from LCMV-infected mice deficient in either the interferon α/β receptor or IFN-γ. Conclusions Together, these findings demonstrate that acute systemic immune activation results in a local response at the RPE/choroid interface that may include chemokine-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells and engagement of the complement system. This may represent a link between the systemic low-grade inflammation and the retinal pathology observed in several multifactorial entities such as aging, AMD, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Faber
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Ulrik Prause
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Eye Pathology Section, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Oh JE, Shim KY, Lee JI, Choi SI, Baik SK, Eom YW. 1-Methyl-L-tryptophan promotes the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells arrested by interferon-γ by increasing the expression of IFN-γRβ, IRF-1 and FAS. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:576-582. [PMID: 28656203 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a precursor to cirrhosis, is the result of the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and is mediated primarily by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this study, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of interferon (IFN)-γ in activated HSCs in vitro and whether cell viability would be decreased by the inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygemase (IDO), which is responsible for cell cycle arrest. Following treatment with IFN-γ, cell signaling pathways and DNA content were analyzed to assess the inactivation of HSCs or the decrease in HSC proliferation. The IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT), was used to determine whether IDO plays a key role in the regulation of activated HSCs, as IFN-γ increases the expression of IDO. IFN-γ significantly inhibited the growth of HSCs and downregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the HSCs. IDO expression was markedly increased by IFN-γ through signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation and resulted in the depletion of tryptophan. This depletion induced G1 cell cycle arrest. When the cells were released from IFN-γ-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest by treatment with 1-MT, the apoptosis of the HSCs was markedly increased through the induction of IFN-γRβ, interferon regulatory factor (IRF-1) and FAS. Our results thus suggest that the inhibition of IDO enhances the suppression of activated HSCs, and therefore co-treatment with IFN-γ and 1-MT may be applied to ameliorate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Oh
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
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Faber C, Jehs T, Juel HB, Singh A, Falk MK, Sørensen TL, Nissen MH. Early and exudative age-related macular degeneration is associated with increased plasma levels of soluble TNF receptor II. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:242-7. [PMID: 25363549 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently identified homeostatic alterations in the circulating T cells of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In cultures of retinal pigment epithelial cells, we have demonstrated that T-cell-derived cytokines induced the upregulation of complement, chemokines and other proteins implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to test whether increased plasma levels of cytokines were present in patients with AMD. METHODS We conducted a case-control study. Age-related macular degeneration status was assessed using standardized multimodal imaging techniques. Plasma was isolated from freshly drawn peripheral venous blood samples and analysed for interleukin (IL)15, IL18, interferon (IFN)γ, soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II (sTNFRII) and complement factor H (CFH) Y402H genotype. RESULTS We included 136 individuals with early or late forms of AMD and 74 controls. Significantly increased levels of sTNFRII were observed in patients with early or exudative AMD (p < 0.01). After adjusting for CFH Y402H genotype, age, sex and smoking history, the level of sTNFRII remained a significant predictor for prevalence of AMD with odds ratios at 3.0 in the middle and 3.6 in the highest tertiles. Levels of IL15, IL18 and IFNγ were low and not associated with AMD. CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma level of sTNFRII is found to be associated with AMD. The data supports the observations of low-grade, systemic inflammatory alterations in patients with AMD. However, it remains to be determined whether increased levels of TNFα can be found, which directly reflects an increased activity of macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Faber
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology Glostrup Hospital Glostrup Denmark
| | - Tina Jehs
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads Krüger Falk
- Department of Ophthalmology Glostrup Hospital Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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Aldrich MB, Sevick-Muraca EM. Cytokines are systemic effectors of lymphatic function in acute inflammation. Cytokine 2013; 64:362-9. [PMID: 23764549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of the lymphatic system to inflammatory insult and infection is not completely understood. Using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system to noninvasively document propulsive function, we noted the short-term cessation of murine lymphatic propulsion as early as 4h following LPS injection. Notably, the effects were systemic, displaying bilateral lymphatic pumping cessation after a unilateral insult. Furthermore, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, cytokines that were found to be elevated in serum during lymphatic pumping cessation, were shown separately to acutely and systemically decrease lymphatic pulsing frequency and velocity following intradermal administration. Surprisingly, marked lymphatic vessel dilation and leakiness were noted in limbs contralateral to IL-1β intradermal administration, but not in ipsilateral limbs. The effects of IL-1β on lymphatic pumping were abated by pre-treatment with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, L-NIL (N-iminoethyl-L-lysine). The results suggest that lymphatic propulsion is systemically impaired within 4h of acute inflammatory insult, and that some cytokines are major effectors of lymphatic pumping cessation through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. These findings may help in understanding the actions of cytokines as mediators of lymphatic function in inflammatory and infectious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Aldrich
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330-07, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Li F, Li QH, Wang JY, Zhan CY, Xie C, Lu WY. Effects of interferon-gamma liposomes targeted to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta on hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Control Release 2011; 159:261-70. [PMID: 22226772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No drugs have been approved clinically for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis. Though interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a highly effective anti-fibrotic agent in vitro and in some animal models in vivo, its anti-fibrotic potential in clinical trials has been disappointing, due to unwanted off-target effects and a short half-life period which results in poor efficacy. The aims of this study are to develop a new targeted drug delivery system to selectively deliver IFN-γ to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and to investigate whether it will improve the anti-fibrotic effect of IFN-γ and reduce its side effects in fibrotic livers. Sterically stable liposomes (SSLs) were modified by cyclic peptides (pPB) with a specific affinity for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), and then IFN-γ was encapsulated in the targeted liposomes (pPB-SSL-IFN-γ). In vitro, pPB-SSL was found to be taken up and internalized by cultured activated HSCs. The binding of FITC-labeled pPB-SSL to activated HSCs was in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner, which could be inhibited by excess unlabelled pPB-SSL, PDGF-BB, suramin or monensin. The inhibitory effect of pPB-SSL-IFN-γ on the proliferation of activated HSCs was respectively 7.24-fold and 2.95-fold higher than that of free IFN-γ and IFN-γ encapsulated in untargeted SSLs. In healthy rats, the tissue distribution, living-body tracing image analyses and pharmacokinetics study showed that pPB-SSL-IFN-γ accumulated mainly in the livers and had a longer half-life than free IFN-γ (3.98±0.52h vs. 0.21±0.03h). Furthermore, in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide injection, FITC-labeled pPB-SSL was found to predominantly localize in activated HSCs by immunofluorescent double staining for FITC and albumin or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The enhanced anti-fibrotic effect of pPB-SSL-IFN-γ treatnment was indicated by significant decreases in the histologic Ishak stage, collagen I-staining positive areas, and α-SMA expression levels in fibrotic livers. In addition, pPB-SSL-IFN-γ treatment improved the leukopenia caused by low- and high-dosage free IFN-γ treatments. In conclusion, IFN-γ encapsulated in pPB-SSL had an extended circulation half-life and was selectively delivered to activated HSCs, which enhanced the anti-fibrotic effect of IFN-γ and reduced its side-effects in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Thus, pPB-SSL-IFN-γ may be an effective agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bansal R, Post E, Proost JH, de Jager-Krikken A, Poelstra K, Prakash J. PEGylation improves pharmacokinetic profile, liver uptake and efficacy of Interferon gamma in liver fibrosis. J Control Release 2011; 154:233-40. [PMID: 21664391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a potent cytokine that displays a variety of anti-viral, anti-proliferative, immunomodulatory, apoptotic and anti-fibrotic functions. However, its clinical use is limited to the treatment of few diseases due to the rapid clearance from the body. PEGylated IFN-alpha formulations are shown to be beneficial in viral hepatitis, but PEGylation of IFNγ to enhance its therapeutic effects in liver fibrosis is not yet explored. Liver fibrosis is characterized by the extensive accumulation of an abnormal extracellular matrix and is the major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, there is no pharmacotherapy available for this disease. We modified IFNγ with different-sized linear PEG molecules (5, 10 and 20kDa) and assessed the biological activity in vitro and in vivo. All PEGylated IFNγ constructs were biologically active and activated IFNγ signaling in vitro as determined with a nitric oxide release assay and a pGAS-Luc reporter plasmid assay, respectively. Similar to IFNγ, all PEGylated IFNγ induced a significant reduction of fibrotic parameters in mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts as shown with immunohistochemical staining and quantitative PCR analyses. In vivo, the pharmacokinetic profile of radiolabeled (125)I-IFNγ-PEG conjugates revealed a decreased renal clearance and an increased plasma half-life with an increase of PEG size. Moreover, the liver accumulation of PEGylated IFNγ constructs was significantly higher than the unmodified IFNγ, which was also confirmed by increased MHC-II expression in the livers. Furthermore, in a CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury model in mice, PEGylated constructs reduced the early fibrotic parameters more drastically than unmodified IFNγ. Of note, these effects were stronger with higher PEG-sized IFNγ constructs. These data nicely correlated with the pharmacokinetic data. In conclusion, PEGylation significantly improved the pharmacokinetics, liver uptake and anti-fibrotic effects of IFNγ. This study opens new opportunities to exploit the therapeutic applications of PEGylated IFNγ for the treatment of liver fibrosis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Graduate School for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zoller EE, Lykens JE, Terrell CE, Aliberti J, Filipovich AH, Henson PM, Jordan MB. Hemophagocytosis causes a consumptive anemia of inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1203-14. [PMID: 21624938 PMCID: PMC3173248 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytopenias of uncertain etiology are commonly observed in patients during severe inflammation. Hemophagocytosis, the histological appearance of blood-eating macrophages, is seen in the disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other inflammatory contexts. Although it is hypothesized that these phenomena are linked, the mechanisms facilitating acute inflammation-associated cytopenias are unknown. We report that interferon γ (IFN-γ) is a critical driver of the acute anemia observed during diverse microbial infections in mice. Furthermore, systemic exposure to physiologically relevant levels of IFN-γ is sufficient to cause acute cytopenias and hemophagocytosis. Demonstrating the significance of hemophagocytosis, we found that IFN-γ acts directly on macrophages in vivo to alter endocytosis and provoke blood cell uptake, leading to severe anemia. These findings define a unique pathological process of broad clinical and immunological significance, which we term the consumptive anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Zoller
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Yabuki T, Takeyama N, Tsuda M, Saitoh F, Tanaka T, Noguchi H, Nakatani T. CpG oligonucleotides activate the immune response in burned mice. J Surg Res 2009; 161:111-8. [PMID: 19540526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression after burn injury increases the risk of sepsis and multiple organ failure. We examined changes of immune function in mice after burn injury and investigated the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male BALB/c mice (8-10 wk old) received a full-thickness burn to 20% of their body surface area, after which the immunological parameters of splenic macrophages were evaluated. To assess the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotide treatment, splenic macrophages harvested from burned mice were incubated with oligodeoxynucleotides. Then cytokine production and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression were measured. To assess the in vivo effect of oligodeoxynucleotides, intraperitoneal administration was done on day 4 after burn injury, and class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages was measured 10 d later. RESULTS Class II antigen expression and the synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages were significantly reduced after burn injury, while incubation of splenic macrophages from burned mice with oligodeoxynucleotides partially enhanced the production of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides enhanced class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of class II antigen expression and synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages after burn injury was partially reversed by oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Therefore, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides may be a potential treatment for post-burn immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teru Yabuki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
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Hayashi T, Hasegawa K, Sasaki Y. Systemic administration of olygodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs at priming phase reduces local Th2 response and late allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice. Inflammation 2007; 31:47-56. [PMID: 17849181 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-007-9048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with CpG motifs (CpG ODN) induce T helper (Th)1-type reaction. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CpG ODN in the development of late allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin (OVA), which is one of Th2 diseaes, in BALB/c mice. Effects of a single dose of synthetic CpG-ODN (50 microg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the priming phase (on day 0) by OVA on the development of late eosinophilic rhinitis at respiratory areas were compared to the control mice treated with its vehicle (ODN without CpG motifs; 50 microg). Animals were again sensitized by OVA (on day 10) i.p., and 4 days after second sensitization animals were challenged by OVA intranasally (on day 14). Four days after challenge, eosinophilic reactions, nasal lesions and local cytokine values were examined. Compared to the control group, the CpG ODN-administration increased production of OVA-specific Th1 cytokine (interferon-gamma) and decreased productions of ovalubmin-specific Th2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13] in nasal cavity fluids, supernatants of splenocytes and/or sera. Also, eosinophilia and increased total IgE values were decreased in mice treated with the CpG ODN compared to the control group. Moreover, nasal lesions with infiltration of eosinophils were prominently reduced by the CpG ODN-treatment compared to the control mice. The present study suggests that the systemic administration of CpG ODN at the priming phase may reduce local OVA-specific Th2 responses, resulting in decreased nasal pathology in the late allergic eosinophilic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Kinoshita M, Shinomiya N, Ono S, Tsujimoto H, Kawabata T, Matsumoto A, Hiraide H, Seki S. Restoration of Natural IgM Production from Liver B Cells by Exogenous IL-18 Improves the Survival of Burn-Injured Mice Infected withPseudomonas aeruginosa. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:4627-35. [PMID: 16982901 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterium of postburn infection. In the present study we investigated the immune mechanism of susceptibility to this type of postburn infection and also examined the efficacy of IL-18 treatment. C57BL/6 mice were challenged with P. aeruginosa on day 7 after burn injury. Although the burn-injured mice showed a poor survival rate after bacterial challenge, they retained their IFN-gamma production. The burned mice showed lower serum IgM levels and a poor IgM response following P. aeruginosa challenge in comparison with the sham mice, whereas IL-18 treatment after burn injury (alternate day injections for 1 wk) greatly improved the serum IgM levels, which are P. aeruginosa-independent natural IgM before bacterial challenge, thereby increasing the survival rate after the challenge. IL-18 treatment also induced specific IgM to P. aeruginosa in the sera 5 days after bacterial challenge in the burned mice. Interestingly, CD43(+)CD5(-)CD23(-)B220(dim) cells, namely B-1b cells, increased in the liver after the IL-18 treatment and were found to actively produce IgM in vitro without any additional stimulation. Furthermore, the IL-18 treatment up-regulated the neutrophil count and the C3a levels in the blood as a result of the increased IgM level, which may thus play a critical role in the opsonization and elimination of any invading bacteria. IL-18 treatment for the burned mice and their resultant natural IgM production were thus found to strengthen the host defense against P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kinoshita
- Division of Basic Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
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14
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Wang J, Michalak TI. Comparison of biological activity of recombinant woodchuck interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha produced in baculovirus and Escherichia coli expression systems. Cytokine 2005; 30:22-34. [PMID: 15784409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The full-length cDNAs of recombinant woodchuck interferon gamma (rwIFN gamma) and woodchuck tumor necrosis factor alpha (rwTNF alpha) were cloned into baculovirus transfer vectors and expressed in insect Sf9 cells. The recombinant proteins secreted by the insect cells, bac-rwIFN gamma and bac-rwTNF alpha, were found to be functionally competent. Their biological activities were compared to those of rwIFN gamma and rwTNF alpha produced in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system. The bac-rwIFN gamma demonstrated a 4.5-fold greater protective activity against encephalomyocarditis virus-induced cytolysis of woodchuck hepatocytes and that of class I MHC antigen presentation on the hepatocytes than rwIFN gamma derived from E. coli. The bac-rwTNF alpha was cytotoxic towards murine fibroblasts and able to upregulate class I MHC antigen display and these effects were about 18-fold greater than those triggered by rwTNF alpha from E. coli at a comparable protein level. In addition, the antiviral activity of bac-rwIFN gamma was inhibited by anti-wIFN gamma antibodies and the cytotoxicity of bac-rwTNF alpha neutralized by cross-reactive antibodies to murine TNF alpha. The study showed that the expression of rwIFN gamma and rwTNF alpha in the baculovirus system generated biologically active cytokines whose potency was considerably greater than those produced in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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15
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Ami K, Kinoshita M, Yamauchi A, Nishikage T, Habu Y, Shinomiya N, Iwai T, Hiraide H, Seki S. IFN-gamma production from liver mononuclear cells of mice in burn injury as well as in postburn bacterial infection models and the therapeutic effect of IL-18. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:4437-42. [PMID: 12370378 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hosts after severe burn injury are known to have a defect in the Th1 immune response and are susceptible to bacterial infections. We herein show that liver NK cells are potent IFN-gamma producers early after burn injury. However, when mice were injected with LPS 24 h after burn injury, IFN-gamma production from liver mononuclear cells (MNC; which we previously showed to be NK cells) was suppressed, and the serum IFN-gamma concentration did not increase, while serum IL-10 conversely increased compared with control mice. Interestingly, a single injection of IL-18 simultaneously with LPS greatly restored the serum IFN-gamma concentration in mice with burn injury and also increased IFN-gamma production from liver MNC. Nevertheless, a single IL-18 injection into mice simultaneously with LPS was no longer effective in the restoration of serum IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma production from the liver MNC at 7 days after burn injury, when mice were considered to be the most immunocompromised. However, IL-18 injections into mice on alternate days beginning 1 day after burn injury strongly up-regulated LPS-induced serum IFN-gamma levels and IFN-gamma production from liver and spleen MNC of mice 7 days after burn injury and down-regulated serum IL-10. Furthermore, similar IL-18 therapy up-regulated serum IFN-gamma levels in mice with experimental bacterial peritonitis 7 days after burn injury and greatly decreased mouse mortality. Thus, IL-18 therapy restores the Th1 response and may decrease the susceptibility to bacterial infection in mice with burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Ami
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
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16
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Hayashi T, Maeda K, Hasegawa K, Nakai S, Hamachi T, Iwata H. Systemic administration of interferon-gamma-expressing plasmid reduces late allergic bronchitis in a mouse model of asthma. Int J Exp Pathol 2002; 83:81-6. [PMID: 12084044 PMCID: PMC2517670 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2002.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma might be caused by a helper T(Th)2 immune response. We hypothesized that the systemic administration of the Th1 cytokines may reduce the Th2 type late asthmatic response (LAR). We examined the effect of the intraperitoneal injection of interferon(IFN)-gamma-expressing plasmid, a Th1 cytokine, or interleukin(IL)-4-expressing plasmid, a Th2 cytokine, at the time of sensitization on a mouse model of asthma induced by ovalbumin in BALB/c mice. We demonstrated that the IFN-gamma-expressing plasmid reduced the LAR, whereas the IL-4-expressing plasmid enhanced the LAR as compared with the saline or plasmid-only treated group. The present study suggests that the systemic administration of IFN-gamma-expressing plasmid may have a modulating ability of Th1/Th2 balance to down-regulate Th2 response by a mutual inhibitory mechanism between Th1 and Th2 cells, leading to the reduction of the LAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- Laboratories of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
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17
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Habu Y, Seki S, Takayama E, Ohkawa T, Koike Y, Ami K, Majima T, Hiraide H. The mechanism of a defective IFN-gamma response to bacterial toxins in an atopic dermatitis model, NC/Nga mice, and the therapeutic effect of IFN-gamma, IL-12, or IL-18 on dermatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5439-47. [PMID: 11313381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NC/Nga (NC) mice raised under conventional conditions (Conv. NC mice) spontaneously develop dermatitis similar to human atopic dermatitis, whereas NC mice raised under the specific pathogen-free conditions do not develop dermatitis. In the present study, we show that the representative Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma levels in the sera of NC mice, injected with either staphylococcal enterotoxin B or endotoxin (LPS), to be severalfold lower than those of normal mice. The low IFN-gamma response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B was correlated to the lack of regular Vbeta8(+) T cells and Vbeta8(+) NK T cells, and the low IFN-gamma response to LPS was correlated to an impaired IL-18 production of macrophages. The CD3-stimulated IL-4 production from liver and spleen T cells from Conv. NC mice in vitro was greatly augmented. The serum IL-4 levels of untreated Conv. NC mice also were higher than those of normal mice and specific pathogen-free NC mice. Treatment of Conv. NC mice either with IFN-gamma, IL-12, or IL-18 twice a week from 4 wk of age substantially inhibited the elevation of the serum IgE levels, serum IL-4 levels, and dermatitis, and IL-12 or IL-18 treatment also reduced the in vitro IL-4 production from CD3-stimulated liver T cells. The systemic deficiency in the Th1 response to bacterial stimulation thus leads to a Th2-dominant state and may induce an abnormal cellular immune response in the skin accompanied with an overproduction of IgE and a susceptibility to dermatitis in NC mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enterotoxins/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/deficiency
- Interleukin-18/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/deficiency
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/immunology
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Habu
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
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18
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Nakagawa S, Massie B, Hawley RG. Tetracycline-regulatable adenovirus vectors: pharmacologic properties and clinical potential. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:53-60. [PMID: 11292568 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stringent control of gene expression in human gene therapy strategies is important for both therapeutic and safety reasons. Replication-defective vectors derived from adenoviruses have been shown to be capable of highly efficient in vivo gene delivery to a wide variety of dividing and nondividing human cells. Here, we review the progress in the development of regulatable adenovirus vectors that allow gene expression to be tightly controlled by low concentrations of tetracyclines. As an example of the potential clinical utility of this technology, we highlight our results obtained in an immunotherapy model for prostate cancer with a tetracycline-regulatable adenovirus vector expressing the cytokine interleukin-12. Recombinant adenovirus vectors with tetracycline-regulatable gene expression provide new opportunities and improved safety for gene therapy applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakagawa
- Oncology Gene Therapy Program, The Toronto Hospital/University Health Network, 67 College Street, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Murakami K, Uchiyama A, Kokuho T, Mori Y, Sentsui H, Yada T, Tanigawa M, Kuwano A, Nagaya H, Ishiyama S, Kaki H, Yokomizo Y, Inumaru S. Production of biologically active recombinant bovine interferon-gamma by two different baculovirus gene expression systems using insect cells and silkworm larvae. Cytokine 2001; 13:18-24. [PMID: 11145838 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2000.0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The full-length bovine interferon-gamma (bIFN-gamma) cDNA, including the secretion signal peptide coding region was recloned into baculovirus transfer vectors pAcYM1 and pBm050. These vectors were co-transfected with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) or Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) DNA into Spodoptera frugiperda cells (SF21AE) and Bombyx mori cells (BmN), respectively. The recombinant viruses, named AcBIFN-gamma and BmBIFN-gamma, were then recovered. Recombinant bIFN-gamma (rbIFN-gamma) was accumulated in the culture fluid of AcBIFN-gamma-infected Trichoplusia ni cells and BmBIFN-gamma-infected silkworm larvae. These rbIFN-gamma forms were shown to be glycosylated 20 and 22 kDa proteins as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and tunicamycin treatment. These products were sensitive to cystein proteinase. Both rbIFN-gamma proteins, showed high-level biological activities by plaque reduction assay using vesicular stomatitis virus, and MHC class II antigen induction on bovine macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murakami
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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20
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Clemons KV, Lutz JE, Stevens DA. Efficacy of interferon-gamma and amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic murine histoplasmosis. Microbes Infect 2001; 3:3-10. [PMID: 11226849 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of cases of systemic histoplasmosis has increased substantially in recent years, and improved therapy is needed. We examined the efficacy of immunomodulation with interferon (IFN)-gamma alone or in combination with a suboptimal regimen of amphotericin B for the treatment of primary systemic murine histoplasmosis. In the first study, BALB/c mice were infected with Histoplasma capsulatum G217B and treated with 10(5) U of IFN given every other day either preinfection and postinfection or only postinfection, alone or in combination with amphotericin B. IFN alone given subcutaneously (s.c.) postinfection prolonged survival over untreated controls (P < 0.01), whereas intravenous (i.v.) administration was ineffective. All combination regimens and amphotericin B alone significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.0001). The combination regimens of amphotericin B and IFN i.v. (pre- and postinfection) or IFN s.c. (postinfection) reduced the fungal burden in the liver and spleen; the latter regimen had superior efficacy in the spleen (P < 0.05) to either amphotericin B or IFN alone. After infection with a low-challenge inoculum, IFN given s.c. (pre- and postinfection) alone caused a significant reduction in fungal burden in the spleen (P < 0.001). In an acutely lethal model, combination regimens of IFN s.c. or i.v. and amphotericin B again prolonged survival (P < 0.01-0.001), with amphotericin B plus IFN given s.c. (pre- and postinfection) superior to all regimens (P < 0.05-0.01). This regimen also showed enhanced efficacy in causing the reduction of fungal burden in the spleen (P < 0.05). These results indicate that IFN in combination with AmB shows enhanced efficacy in the treatment of systemic histoplasmosis and support the potential utility of IFN as an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Clemons
- California Institute for Medical Research and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
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21
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Matsuyama S, Henmi S, Ichihara N, Sone S, Kikuchi T, Ariga T, Taguchi F. Protective effects of murine recombinant interferon-beta administered by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route on mouse hepatitis virus infection. Antiviral Res 2000; 47:131-7. [PMID: 10996401 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the route for administration of murine recombinant interferon-beta (IFN-beta) for inducing its therapeutic effects has been studied. BALB/c mice were daily injected intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 1.5x10(3), 1. 5x10(4), or 1.5x10(5) IU of IFN-beta, from one day before to 8th day after mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) challenge. All mice received IFN-beta survived significantly longer than those without IFN. In the liver of those IFN-treated mice, viral growth and the histopathological damages were extremely alleviated. These results suggest that, irrespective of the differences in the route of administration, IFN-beta markedly suppressed viral activity when its administration was started prior to viral infection. For clinical use, however, further studies are needed on the optimal route for administration if IFN-beta is given after viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Coronaviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Coronaviridae Infections/pathology
- Coronaviridae Infections/virology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon Type I/administration & dosage
- Interferon Type I/therapeutic use
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsuyama
- National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8502, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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van Slooten ML, Storm G, Zoephel A, Küpcü Z, Boerman O, Crommelin DJ, Wagner E, Kircheis R. Liposomes containing interferon-gamma as adjuvant in tumor cell vaccines. Pharm Res 2000; 17:42-8. [PMID: 10714607 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007514424253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liposomal systems may be useful as a cytokine supplement in tumor cell vaccines by providing a cytokine reservoir at the antigen presentation site. Here, we examined the effect of liposome incorporation of mIFNgamma on its potency as adjuvant in an established tumor cell vaccination protocol in the murine B16 melanoma model. Adjuvanticity of the mIFNgamma-liposomes was compared to that achieved by mIFNgamma-gene transfection of the B16 tumor cells. Furthermore, we studied whether liposomal incorporation of mIFNgamma indeed increases the residence time of the cytokine at the vaccination site. METHODS C57B1/6 mice were immunized with i) irradiated IFNgamma-gene transfected B16 melanoma cells or ii) irradiated wild type B16 cells supplemented with (liposomal) mIFNgamma, followed by a challenge with viable B16 cells. The residence time of the (liposomal) cytokine at the subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination site was monitored using radiolabeled mIFNgamma and liposomes. RESULTS Immunization with irradiated tumor cells admixed with liposomal mIFNgamma generated comparable protection against B16 challenge as immunization with mIFNgamma-gene modified tumor cells. Irradiated tumor cells admixed with soluble mIFNgamma did not generate any protective responses. Radiolabeling studies indicated that free mIFNgamma rapidly cleared from the s.c. injection site. Association of [125I]-mIFNgamma with liposomes increased the local residence time substantially: liposomal association of mIFNgamma resulted in a prolonged local residence time of the cytokine as reflected by a 4-fold increase of the area under the curve. The amount of released cytokine in the optimal dose range corresponds to the amount released by the gene-transfected cells. Moderate but significant CTL-activity against B16 cells was found for mice immunized with irradiated cells supplemented with mIFNgamma-liposomes compared to untreated control animals. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged presence of mIFNgamma at the site of antigen presentation is crucial for the generation of systemic immune responses in the B16 melanoma model. These studies show that liposomal encapsulation of cytokines is an attractive strategy for paracrine cytokine delivery in tumor vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L van Slooten
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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23
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Chen W, Harp JA, Harmsen AG, Havell EA. Gamma interferon functions in resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3548-51. [PMID: 8335387 PMCID: PMC281038 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.8.3548-3551.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) adult mice are relatively resistant to Cryptosporidium parvum infection, even though they are deficient in both T- and B-cell function. The requirement for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in this resistance was examined by treatment of these mice with monoclonal antibody to IFN-gamma. SCID mice injected intraperitoneally with monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma 4 h before and three times weekly after challenge with C. parvum had heavy intestinal infections 3 weeks postchallenge. SCID mice similarly injected with irrelevant antibody were not infected. Furthermore, SCID mice receiving a single injection of anti-IFN-gamma either 2 h before or 18 h after challenge were also susceptible to infection. Although IFN-gamma was not detected in SCID mouse intestinal samples, it was found in the supernatant of SCID mouse splenocyte cultures after stimulation with C. parvum antigens. On the other hand, SCID mice receiving multiple injections of antibodies against tumor necrosis factor remained resistant to infection. These data indicate that the resistance of SCID mice to C. parvum infection is IFN-gamma dependent, whereas tumor necrosis factor appears not to play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, New York 12983
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24
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Nishiuchi M, Kai K, Izawa M, Sato K, Yamada H. Tissue distribution of recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and recombinant human interferon-gamma in mice, rats, hamsters, and monkeys. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1991; 11:267-9. [PMID: 1774465 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1991.11.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Homologous (mouse) and heterologous (human) recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) interferons were injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice. After 5 min, the greatest proportion of the human IFN was found in the liver, whereas no mouse IFN was detected in the liver at this time or later. Similar results were found in rats, hamsters, and cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, the tissue distribution of these two recombinant IFN-gamma in the various species is not determined by species specificity but by the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiuchi
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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25
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Rutenfranz I, Bauer A, Kirchner H. Pharmacokinetic study of liposome-encapsulated human interferon-gamma after intravenous and intramuscular injection in mice. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1990; 10:337-41. [PMID: 2117038 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1990.10.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We encapsulated human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) into liposomes and analyzed whether this preparation prevented the rapid decay of IFN-gamma in the serum of C57BL/6 mice after intravenous or intramuscular injection. Furthermore, we compared the serum decay curve of liposomal and free IFN-gamma. Whereas the intramuscular injection of IFN-gamma resulted in a serum curve with entrance compartment and subsequent biphasic elimination, intravenously injected IFN-gamma was distributed and eliminated in a biphasical manner from serum. Extremely prolonged serum titers are caused by IFN-gamma liposomes with a phospholipid composition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/dicetylphosphate and an average particle size of 333 nm. Intramuscular injection of 2.5 mumoles liposome suspension with an antiviral activity of 4.3 x 10(3) IU/mouse resulted in longer-lasting serum titers than intravenously injected liposomes of a different charge with 2.5 mumoles and 1.2 x 10(5) IU/mouse. Liposomes after intravenous injection could be detected for up to 62 h at a titer of 20 IU/ml serum. Intramuscularly injected liposomes of the lower activity still had a titer of 30-80 IU/ml after 80 h p.i.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rutenfranz
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Lübeck, FRG
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