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Ben-Khemis M, Liu D, Pintard C, Song Z, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Marie JC, El-Benna J, Dang PMC. TNFα counteracts interleukin-10 anti-inflammatory pathway through the NOX2-Lyn-SHP-1 axis in human monocytes. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102898. [PMID: 37757542 PMCID: PMC10539668 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFα-mediated signaling pathways play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by promoting phagocyte inflammatory functions, notably cytokine release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NOX2. In contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10), a powerful anti-inflammatory cytokine, potently shuts down phagocyte activation, making IL-10 an attractive therapeutic candidate. However, IL-10 therapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that TNFα blocks IL-10 anti-inflammatory pathways in human monocytes, thereby prolonging inflammation. TNFα decreased IL-10-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and consequently IL-10-induced expression of the major anti-inflammatory factor, SOCS3. Decreased STAT3 phosphorylation was due to a SHP1/2 phosphatase, as NSC-87877, a SHP1/2 inhibitor, restored STAT3 phosphorylation and prevented the TNFα-induced inhibition of IL-10 signaling. TNFα activated only SHP1 in human monocytes and this activation was NOX2-dependent, as diphenyleneiodonium, a NOX2 inhibitor, suppressed SHP1 activation and STAT3 dephosphorylation triggered by TNFα. ROS-induced activation of SHP1 was mediated by the redox-sensitive kinase, Lyn, as its inhibition impeded TNFα-induced SHP1 activation and STAT3 dephosphorylation. Furthermore, H2O2 recapitulated TNFα-inhibitory activity on IL-10 signaling. Finally, NSC-87877 dampened collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice. These results reveal that TNFα disrupts IL-10 signaling by inducing STAT3 dephosphorylation through a NOX2-ROS-Lyn-SHP1 axis in human monocytes and that inhibition of SHP1/2 in vivo protects against CAIA. These new findings might explain the poor efficacy of IL-10 therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases and suggest that anti-TNFα agents and SHP1/2 inhibitors could improve the therapeutic use of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ben-Khemis
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dan Liu
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Zhuoyao Song
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France; Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France.
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Spangenberg SH, Palermo A, Gazaniga NR, Martínez-Peña F, Guijas C, Chin EN, Rinschen MM, Sander PN, Webb B, Pereira LE, Jia Y, Meitz L, Siuzdak G, Lairson LL. Hydroxyproline metabolism enhances IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and inhibits autophagic flux. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1115-1134.e10. [PMID: 37467751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 plays critical roles in both immune system homeostasis and tumor progression. Impaired PD-1/PD-L1 function promotes autoimmunity and PD-L1 expression within tumors promotes immune evasion. If and how changes in metabolism or defined metabolites regulate PD-L1 expression is not fully understood. Here, using a metabolomics activity screening-based approach, we have determined that hydroxyproline (Hyp) significantly and directly enhances adaptive (i.e., IFN-γ-induced) PD-L1 expression in multiple relevant myeloid and cancer cell types. Mechanistic studies reveal that Hyp acts as an inhibitor of autophagic flux, which allows it to regulate this negative feedback mechanism, thereby contributing to its overall effect on PD-L1 expression. Due to its prevalence in fibrotic tumors, these findings suggest that hydroxyproline could contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and that Hyp metabolism could be targeted to pharmacologically control PD-L1 expression for the treatment of cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathalia R Gazaniga
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emily N Chin
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philipp N Sander
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bill Webb
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lance Meitz
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Hwang YJ, Nam SJ, Chun W, Kim SI, Park SC, Kang CD, Lee SJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of apocynin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217642. [PMID: 31141554 PMCID: PMC6541291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Various drugs have been developed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but still there are limitations in the treatment due to the insufficient responses and significant adverse effects of immunosuppressant. Apocynin is an NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with established safety profiles. We aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of apocynin in IBD using chemical-induced mouse colitis model. Method We induced experimental colitis by administrating 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to 8-week old BALB/c mouse for 11 days. Apocynin (400 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (150 mg/kg) were administeredduring7 days. We monitored bodyweight daily and harvested colon and spleen at day 11 to check weight and length. We also examined histopathologic change and pro-, anti-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes from harvested colons (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, MCP-1, p-NrF2, and HO-1). Result Apocynin significantly alleviated weight reduction induced by DSS treatment (21.64 ± 0.55 for Apocynin group vs. 20.33 ± 0.90 for DSS group, p = 0.005). Anti-inflammatory efficacy of apocynin was also shown by the recovery of colon weight and length. Histopathologic examination revealed significantly reduced inflammatory foci and erosions by apocynin treatment. Colonic expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and MCP-1 was decreased significantly in the apocynin treated group. Anti-inflammatory mediators Nrf2 and HO-1 were activated significantly in apocynin treated mouse. Conclusion Apocynin showed significant anti-inflammatory efficacy against chemically induced colonic inflammation. This study also revealed the unique action of apocynin compared to the currently prescribed drug, sulfasalazine. Given its excellent safety profile and potent efficacy with novel action mechanism, apocynin can be a new therapeutic molecule for the IBD treatment, which can be added to the currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Song In Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Don Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Javor K, Tisserant JN, Stemmer A. Biofuel cell operating on activated THP-1 cells: A fuel and substrate study. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to systemic lupus erythaematosus by regulating differentiation of Th17 cells and Tregs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1453-67. [PMID: 27231253 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although major advancements have made in investigating the aetiology of SLE (systemic lupus erythaematosus), the role of MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in SLE progression remains confused. Recently, some studies have revealed that MDSCs play an important role in lupus mice. However, the proportion and function of MDSCs in lupus mice and SLE patients are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the proportion and function of MDSCs using different stages of MRL/lpr lupus mice and specimens from SLE patients with different activity. Results showed that splenic granulocytic (G-)MDSCs were significantly expanded by increasing the expression of CCR1 (CC chemokine receptor 1) in diseased MRL/lpr lupus mice and in high-disease-activity SLE patients. However, the proportion of monocytic (M-)MDSCs remains similar in MRL/lpr lupus mice and SLE patients. G-MDSCs produce high levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) through increasing gp91(phox) expression, and activated TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) and AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) inflammasome in M-MDSCs lead to IL-1β (interleukin 1β) expression in diseased MRL/lpr mice and high-disease-activity SLE patients. Previous study has revealed that MDSCs could alter the plasticity of Th17 (T helper 17) cells and Tregs (regulatory T-cells) via ROS and IL-1β. Co-culture experiments showed that G-MDSCs impaired Treg differentiation via ROS and M-MDSCs promoted Th17 cell polarization by IL-1β in vitro Furthermore, adoptive transfer or antibody depletion of MDSCs in MRL/lpr mice confirmed that MDSCs influenced the imbalance of Tregs and Th17 cells in vivo Our results indicate that MDSCs with the capacity to regulate Th17 cell/Treg balance may be a critical pathogenic factor in SLE.
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6
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Bozeman R, Abel EL, Macias E, Cheng T, Beltran L, DiGiovanni J. A novel mechanism of skin tumor promotion involving interferon-gamma (IFNγ)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (Stat1) signaling. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:642-53. [PMID: 24464587 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to explore the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) during tumor promotion using the mouse skin multistage carcinogenesis model. Topical treatment with both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 3-methyl-1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone (chrysarobin or CHRY) led to rapid phosphorylation of Stat1 on both tyrosine (Y701) and serine (S727) residues in epidermis. CHRY treatment also led to upregulation of unphosphorylated Stat1 (uStat1) at later time points. CHRY treatment also led to upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) mRNA and protein, which was dependent on Stat1. Further analyses demonstrated that topical treatment with CHRY but not TPA upregulated interferon-gamma (IFNγ) mRNA in the epidermis and that the induction of both IRF-1 and uStat1 was dependent on IFNγ signaling. Stat1 deficient (Stat1(-/-) ) mice were highly resistant to skin tumor promotion by CHRY. In contrast, the tumor response (in terms of both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas) was similar in Stat1(-/-) mice and wild-type littermates with TPA as the promoter. Maximal induction of both cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in epidermis following treatment with CHRY was also dependent on the presence of functional Stat1. These studies define a novel mechanism associated with skin tumor promotion by the anthrone class of tumor promoters involving upregulation of IFNγ signaling in the epidermis and downstream signaling through activated (phosphorylated) Stat1, IRF-1 and uStat1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bozeman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Erika L Abel
- Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | - Everardo Macias
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Linda Beltran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Paredes M, Gonzalez K, Figueroa J, Montiel-Eulefi E. Immunomodulatory effect of prolactin on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage function. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1215-1221. [PMID: 23420569 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo effect of prolactin (PRL) on kidney macrophages from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated under the assumption that PRL stimulates immune innate response in mammals. Kidney macrophages were treated two ways: first, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL of PRL and second, isolated from a fish with a PRL-injected dose of 100 ng/Kg. Reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (formazan) was used to produce intracellular superoxide anion. Phagocytic activity of PRL was determined in treated cells by optical microscopy observation of phagocytized Congo red-stained yeast. Kidney lysozyme activity was measured in PRL-injected fish. In vitro and in vivo macrophages treated with PRL presented an enhanced superoxide anion production, elevated phagocytic index and increased phagocytic activity. Treated fish showed higher levels of lysozyme activity in the head kidney compared to the control. These results indicate that PRL-stimulated innate immune response in Atlantic salmon and future studies will allow us to assess the possibility of using PRL as an immunostimulant in the Chilean salmon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paredes
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,
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Ökrös Z, Endreffy E, Novak Z, Maroti Z, Monostori P, Varga IS, Király A, Turi S. Changes in NADPH oxidase mRNA level can be detected in blood at inhaled corticosteroid treated asthmatic children. Life Sci 2012; 91:907-11. [PMID: 22982469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress, observed in the asthmatic airways, is not localized only to the bronchial system. It would be a great advantage to monitor the oxidative stress markers from blood especially in childhood asthma following the inflammation. Our aim was to measure the levels of antioxidants and the oxidatively damaged biomolecules. We were also interested in the gene expression alterations of the free radical source gp91(phox) subunit (CYBB) of the NADPH oxidase system, and the antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) isoenzyme in the blood. Our findings were also examined in the context of medical treatment. MAIN METHODS Oxidative stress parameters via photometric methods, CYBB and HMOX-1 expressions via real-time PCR were measured in 58 asthmatic and 30 healthy children. KEY FINDINGS Higher blood thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p<0.03) and carbonylated protein (p<0.05) levels were found in the asthmatic children than in the controls. The relative expression of CYBB was significantly lower (p<0.05) in patients treated with a low daily dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), than in asthmatics not receiving ICS therapy. Higher ICS doses alone or combined with long acting β2-receptor agonists did not influence the expression significantly. No similar tendency was found as regards to HMOX-1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE Elevated levels of damaged lipid (TBARS) and protein (carbonylated) products corroborate the presence of oxidative stress in the blood during bronchial asthma and suggest the presence of chronic oxidative overload. Our findings also suggest that ICS treatment can influence the relative CYBB mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ökrös
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, Hungary.
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Tompa G, Laine A, Pihlanto A, Korhonen H, Rogelj I, Marnila P. Chemiluminescence of non-differentiated THP-1 promonocytes: developing an assay for screening anti-inflammatory milk proteins and peptides. LUMINESCENCE 2010; 26:251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Sakai M, Vonderheit A, Wei X, Küttel C, Stemmer A. A novel biofuel cell harvesting energy from activated human macrophages. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:68-75. [PMID: 19576754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage phagocytosis activates NADPH oxidase, an electron transport system in the plasma membrane. This study examined the feasibility of utilizing electrons transferred through the plasma membrane via NADPH oxidase to run a biofuel cell. THP-1 human monocytic cells were chemically stimulated to differentiate into macrophages. Further they were activated to induce a phagocytic response. During differentiation, cells became adherent to a plain gold electrode which was used as anode in a two-compartment fuel cell system. The current production in the fuel cell always corresponded to the NADPH oxidase activity, which was evaluated by the amount of superoxide anion produced upon stimulation in combination with the expression levels of the different NADPH oxidase subunits in cells. Moreover, our results of different inhibitory tests let us conclude that (i) the current observed in the fuel cell originates from NADPH oxidase in activated macrophages and (ii) there are multiple electron transport pathways from the cells to the electrode. One pathway involves superoxide anions produced upon stimulation, additional not yet identified electron transport occurs independently of superoxide anions.This type of novel biofuel cell driven by living human cells may eventually develop into a battery replacement for small medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sakai
- Nanotechnology Group, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH-Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Sun GY, Horrocks LA, Farooqui AA. The roles of NADPH oxidase and phospholipases A2 in oxidative and inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2007; 103:1-16. [PMID: 17561938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in mammalian cells through enzymic and non-enzymic mechanisms. Although some ROS production pathways are needed for specific physiological functions, excessive production is detrimental and is regarded as the basis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Among enzymes producing superoxide anions, NADPH oxidase is widespread in mammalian cells and is an important source of ROS in mediating physiological and pathological processes in the cardiovascular and the CNS. ROS production is linked to the alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis, activation of Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes, alteration of cytoskeletal proteins, and degradation of membrane glycerophospholipids. There is evolving evidence that ROS produced by NADPH oxidase regulate neuronal functions and degrade membrane phospholipids through activation of phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)). This review is intended to cover recent studies describing ROS generation from NADPH oxidase in the CNS and its downstream activation of PLA(2), namely, the group IV cytosolic cPLA(2) and the group II secretory sPLA(2). A major focus is to elaborate the dual role of NADPH oxidase and PLA(2) in mediating the oxidative and inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease. Elucidation of the signaling pathways linking NADPH oxidase with the multiple forms of PLA(2) will be important in understanding the oxidative and degradative mechanisms that underline neuronal damage and glial activation and will facilitate development of therapeutic intervention for prevention and treatment of these and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Gauss KA, Nelson-Overton LK, Siemsen DW, Gao Y, DeLeo FR, Quinn MT. Role of NF-kappaB in transcriptional regulation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:729-41. [PMID: 17537988 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1206735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease. Activation of these phagocytes induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2*-). Recently, we found that TNF-alpha treatment of human monocytic cells (MonoMac1) and isolated human monocytes resulted in up-regulation of the NADPH oxidase gene, neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2). These results suggested that TNF-alpha, produced by activated macrophages, could serve as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of the oxidase, resulting in increased and/or prolonged production of O2*-. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in NADPH oxidase regulation by TNF-alpha, we evaluated transcriptional regulation of oxidase genes in MonoMac1 cells and human monocytes. We show that TNF-alpha-treated cells have increased levels of mRNA and up-regulated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox), p67(phox), and gp91(phox), as well as increased oxidase activity. Pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation blocked TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of NCF1, NCF2, and CYBB message, which correlated with a reduction in expression of the corresponding oxidase proteins and decreased O2*- production. These data demonstrate that the increase in and/or maintenance of O2*- production in TNF-alpha-treated MonoMac1 cells and monocytes are a result, in part, of transcriptional up-regulation of three essential NADPH oxidase genes via the NF-kappaB pathway. This novel finding supports a model, whereby TNF-alpha-dependent activation of NF-kappaB up-regulates phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity, leading to enhanced ROS production and further NF-kappaB activation, potentially contributing to sustained oxidant production in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Gauss
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Lan Q, Zheng T, Shen M, Zhang Y, Wang SS, Zahm SH, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Boyle P, Chanock S. Genetic polymorphisms in the oxidative stress pathway and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hum Genet 2006; 121:161-8. [PMID: 17149600 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals is involved in a number of pathological conditions including cancer. In a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n = 518 cases, 597 controls) among women in Connecticut, we analyzed one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten candidate genes (AKR1A1, AKR1C1, AKR1C3, CYBA, GPX1, MPO, NOS2A, NOS3, OGG1, and SOD2) that mediate oxidative stress directly or indirectly in the NADPH oxidase-dependent respiratory burst. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for age and race. Polymorphisms in AKR1A1 and CYBA were significantly associated with increased risk of NHL. There was a 1.7-fold (95% CI = 1.2-2.4, P = 0.0047) increased risk of NHL for individuals who were variant homozygous for the AKR1A1 (IVS5 + 282T > C) SNP. The effect was most pronounced for risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but risk estimates were non-significantly elevated for other common B-cell histologies and T-cell lymphomas as well. In addition, individuals variant homozygous for the CYBA (Ex4 + 11C > T) SNP had a 1.6-fold (95% CI = 1.1-2.4, P = 0.019) increased risk of NHL that was particularly pronounced for T-cell lymphoma (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3-9.6, P = 0.013), but was also associated with non-significant increased risks for each of the common B-cell histologies. These results suggest that SNPs in genes related to the oxidative stress pathway may be associated with increased risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, EPS 8109, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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Stokes KY. Microvascular responses to hypercholesterolemia: the interactions between innate and adaptive immune responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006; 8:1141-51. [PMID: 16910762 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is recognized as one of the major risk factors in cardiovascular disease. It promotes the development of a proinflammatory phenotype in large vessels, in particular arteries, with disease. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are localized within atherosclerotic plaques and participate in the initiation and progression of plaque formation. It is now recognized that each segment of the microvasculature also experiences inflammation due to hypercholesterolemia, and that this occurs long before events in the large vessels. More recently, it is has been established that the innate and adaptive immune systems participate in the responses of postcapillary venules, and possibly arterioles, to elevated cholesterol levels, and that T lymphocytes may be one of the early cell types activated by hypercholesterolemia. These cells initiate a series of steps that lead to leukocyte accumulation in postcapillary venules and endothelial dysfunction in the arterioles. This review discusses the microvascular alterations induced by hypercholesterolemia, with particular attention paid to the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, and how these two systems may communicate to induce the microvascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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