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Roberts BK, Collado G, Barnes BJ. Role of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in tumor progression: Prognostic and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189061. [PMID: 38141865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a key mediator of innate and adaptive immunity downstream of pathogen recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Hence, dysregulation of IRF5 function has been widely implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Over the last few decades, dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been also reported in hematologic malignancies and solid cancers that support a role for IRF5 in malignant transformation, tumor immune regulation, clinical prognosis, and treatment response. This review will provide an in-depth overview of the current literature regarding the mechanisms by which IRF5 functions as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene, its role in metastasis, regulation of the tumor-immune microenvironment, utility as a prognostic indicator of disease, and new developments in IRF5 therapeutics that may be used to remodel tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey K Roberts
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
| | - Gilbert Collado
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States of America.
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Uno K, Muso E, Ito-Ihara T, Endo T, Yasuda Y, Yagi K, Suzuki K. Impaired HVJ-stimulated Interferon producing capacity in MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis lead to susceptibility to infection. Cytokine 2020; 136:155221. [PMID: 32828064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ANCA-associated RPGN leads to renal failure through systemic vasculitis and diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients are highly susceptible to infections. Our aim in this study was to uncover reasons why these patients were susceptible to infections. We analyzed various aspects of type I interferon system including HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) number in whole blood in MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients. Compared with healthy subjects, MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients showed impaired HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and lower pDC number with or without glucocorticoid treatment. Immuno-histological staining of MPO-ANCA-RPGN kidney samples revealed a few but apparent pDC in T cell infiltrating regions even in patients with low pDC number in their peripheral blood. Patients' low HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and pDC numbers persisted even after patients underwent several years of treatment. Former infection was determined using patients' serum BPI, Lamp-2 and Calprotectin, since they are reflective of a history of infection. These markers were higher in MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicate that impaired HVJ-stimulated IFN-α production as well as dysfunction of the IFN system might have resulted from a previous bout of infection and can be partially implicated in patients' long-term susceptibility and vulnerability to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Uno
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Division of Basic Research, 103-5, Tanaka-Monzen cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
| | - Eri Muso
- Division of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20, Ogimachi, Kitaku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition Faculty of Contemporary Home Economics, Kyoto Kacho University, 3-456 Rinkacho, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-0062, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Ito-Ihara
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 456 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Endo
- Division of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20, Ogimachi, Kitaku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan.
| | - Yuko Yasuda
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Division of Basic Research, 103-5, Tanaka-Monzen cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
| | - Katusmi Yagi
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Division of Basic Research, 103-5, Tanaka-Monzen cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Department of Immunobiology, Inflammation Program, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Forbes NE, Krishnan R, Diallo JS. Pharmacological modulation of anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic viruses. Front Oncol 2014; 4:191. [PMID: 25101247 PMCID: PMC4108035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) not only kill cancer cells by direct lysis but also generate a significant anti-tumor immune response that allows for prolonged cancer control and in some cases cures. How to best stimulate this effect is a subject of intense investigation in the OV field. While pharmacological manipulation of the cellular innate anti-viral immune response has been shown by several groups to improve viral oncolysis and spread, it is increasingly clear that pharmacological agents can also impact the anti-tumor immune response generated by OVs and related tumor vaccination strategies. This review covers recent progress in using pharmacological agents to improve the activity of OVs and their ability to generate robust anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Forbes
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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Uno K, Yagi K, Yoshimori M, Tanigawa M, Yoshikawa T, Fujita S. IFN production ability and healthy ageing: mixed model analysis of a 24 year longitudinal study in Japan. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002113. [PMID: 23315513 PMCID: PMC3549214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To track changes in interferon (IFN) production in healthy individuals to shed light on the effect these changes have on the course of healthy ageing. DESIGN Study is based on data that were collected over 24 years from a cohort of individuals whose IFN-α production was quantified as a part of their annual routine health check-up. SETTING All individuals in this study underwent regular health check-ups at Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research. PARTICIPANTS 295 healthy individuals (159 males and 136 females) without a history of cancer, autoimmune diseases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) whose IFN-α production was quantified more than five times within 24 years were selected. Finally, 29 males and 4 females whose IFN-α production was quantified more than 25 times were selected and their data were analysed using a mixed model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HVJ stimulated IFN-α production was quantified. Healthy individual's periodical log transformed IFN-α values (y) were plotted versus age (x) and fitted to linear (y=mx+n) and quadratic formula (y=ax(2)+bx+c) expressions to reveal changes in the IFN-α production in these healthy individuals. RESULTS The linear expression showed that log (IFN-α) had a slight tendency to decline (3% over 10 years). However, the quadratic formula analysis showed the quadratic expression to be more positive than negative (a concave U-shaped pattern) which means that individuals' once declining IFN production recovered as they aged. CONCLUSIONS Although we observed a marginal decline in IFN-α production, we also observed that IFN production recovered even in individuals in their mid50s to early 60s. These results combined with our previous cross-sectional studies of patients with various diseases suggest that in healthy individuals, the impairment of IFN production is triggered more by the onset of disease (notwithstanding the cause) rather than by ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Uno
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yagi
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayo Yoshimori
- Division of Mathematical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Tanigawa
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Setsuya Fujita
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
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Epigenetic silencing of IRF7 and/or IRF5 in lung cancer cells leads to increased sensitivity to oncolytic viruses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28683. [PMID: 22194884 PMCID: PMC3237484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective IFN signaling results in loss of innate immunity and sensitizes cells to enhanced cytolytic killing after Vesticular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) infection. Examination of the innate immunity status of normal human bronchial epithelial cells Beas2B and 7 lung cancer cells revealed that the abrogation of IFN signaling in cancer cells is associated with greater sensitivity to VSV infection. The disruption of the IFN pathway in lung cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues is caused by epigenetic silencing of critical interferon responsive transcription factors IRF7 and/or IRF5. Although 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment fails to reactivate IRF7 and IRF5 expression or protect cells from VSV infection, manipulating IFN signaling by altering IRF expression changes the viral susceptibility of these cells. Lung cancer cells can be partially protected from viral killing using IRF5+IRF7 overexpression, whereas IFN pathway disruption by transfection of siRNAs to IRF5+IRF7 increases cells' vulnerability to viral infection. Therefore, IRF5 and IRF7 are key transcription factors in IFN pathway that determine viral sensitivity of lung cancer cells; the epigenetically impaired IFN pathway in lung cancer tissues provides potential biomarkers for successful selective killing of cancer cells by oncolytic viral therapy.
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Ishikawa T, Kokura S, Sakamoto N, Matsumoto T, Funaki J, Adachi S, Okayama T, Uchiyama K, Handa O, Takagi T, Yagi N, Ando T, Uno K, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Adoptive cellular therapy enhances the helper T cell response and reduces the number of regulatory T cells. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:737-743. [PMID: 22977568 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains to be clarified whether adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) in patients with advanced cancer, in whom strong immunosuppression and immune-escape mechanisms are established, has the potential to alter cytokine secretion from blood cells and affect the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, the secretion of cytokines from peripheral blood cells and the number of peripheral blood Tregs were analyzed before and after ACT. Blood samples were collected from 109 consecutive cancer patients who received ACT, which consisted of anti-CD3 stimulated lymphokine-activated killer cells. For testing immune function, venous blood was obtained from patients before the start of therapy and after they had received 4 cycles of ACT. Of the 109 patients, 76 received ACT four times or more. All 109 blood samples at baseline and 76 follow-up samples were available. The secretion ability of various cytokines from peripheral blood cells was measured, as well as the number of peripheral blood Tregs. We found that the secretion ability of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was enhanced significantly after treatment, while the number of Tregs and the ratio of Treg to CD4 was significantly decreased. Overall survival in patients with increased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion after ACT was significantly longer. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for ACT in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Uno K, Okuno K, Kato T, Tada-Oikawa S, Kan N, Saotome H, Yagi K, Hamuro J. Pre-operative intracellular glutathione levels of peripheral monocytes as a biomarker to predict survival of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1457-65. [PMID: 20514541 PMCID: PMC11030285 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict anti-tumor immune responses at local tumor growing sites using only peripheral blood specimens would be helpful in determining therapeutic options for patients with solid tumors. Here, we show that the glutathione intracellular content (icGSH) of peripheral monocytes (Mo) correlates positively with T cell infiltration within tumor islets and overall survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma. IcGSH redox status was determined in CD14(+) Mo prior to surgery by staining with monochlorobimane. The tumor-infiltrating T cells (TIL) were quantified as CD45RO(+) T cells in resected tumors using paraffin sections. A positive association was found between the GSH index and TIL in tumor islets (P < 0.001). The 50% cut-off value for the GSH index, that is the determinant between TIL presence or absence in tumor islets, was calculated to be almost 0.7 through logistic regression analysis. Mo with a GSH index of > or =0.7 were termed reductive (R)-Mo, and those with <0.7 were designated as oxidative (O)-Mo. Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis of patients with R-Mo or O-Mo prior to surgery, and the presence or absence of TIL, was found to correlate significantly with the overall survival rate of stage II and III patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed a significant correlation. These results indicate that the Mo icGSH index is a useful biomarker parameter for better understanding the host/tumor relationship prior to surgery, thereby enabling the development of an individual patient-oriented therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Uno
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5, Tanakamonzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8225, Japan.
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