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Trier NH, Friis T. Production of Antibodies to Peptide Targets Using Hybridoma Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2821:135-156. [PMID: 38997486 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3914-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Hybridoma technology is a well-established and indispensable tool for generating high-quality monoclonal antibodies and has become one of the most common methods for monoclonal antibody production. In this process, antibody-producing B cells are isolated from mice following immunization of mice with a specific immunogen and fused with an immortal myeloma cell line to form antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines. Hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies not only serve as powerful research and diagnostic reagents but have also emerged as the most rapidly expanding class of therapeutic biologicals. In spite of the development of new high-throughput monoclonal antibody generation technologies, hybridoma technology still is applied for antibody production due to its ability to preserve innate functions of immune cells and to preserve natural cognate antibody paring information. In this chapter, an overview of hybridoma technology and the laboratory procedures used for hybridoma production and antibody screening of peptide-specific antibodies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Friis
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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2
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Dujmovic I, Hegen H, Paz P, Croze E, Deisenhammer F. Persistency of Neutralizing Anti-Interferon-β Antibodies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Subcutaneous Interferon-β Depends on Antibody Titers, IgG Subclasses, and Affinity Maturation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:317-324. [PMID: 28418769 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies may affect interferon (IFN)-β treatment efficacy, but mechanisms of neutralizing anti-drug antibody (ADA) evolution are not fully elucidated. We investigated the relationship between ADA titers, IgG subclass profile, and binding affinity with the development and persistency of neutralizing ADA in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with subcutaneous IFN-β. A total of 94 patients, who had blood sampling at months 6, 12, 24, and 36 during IFN-β therapy, were included into this retrospective study and stratified to the following: non-neutralizing, transient, and persistent neutralizing ADA status. Patients without or with transient neutralizing ADA displayed predominantly IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, lower ADA titers, and antibody binding affinity compared with patients having persistent neutralizing ADA, in whom the predominant IgG subclasses were IgG2 and IgG4. Overall, ADA binding affinity positively correlated with IgG4 and neutralizing ADA titers, but negatively with IgG3 titers. Persistency of neutralizing ADA was predicted by their titers at month 24 and month 36 of treatment and by an increase of antibody affinity within the second year of IFN-β treatment. The humoral immune response to IFN-β observed in MS patients as a result of IFN-β therapy is a multifactorial process that is influenced by ADA titers, affinity maturation, and IgG subclass switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Dujmovic
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria .,2 Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, University of Belgrade School of Medicine , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Harald Hegen
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pedro Paz
- 3 Global Biologics Research, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals , San Francisco, California
| | - Ed Croze
- 4 Iris-Bay, International Research and Investigational Science , Lafayette, California
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Nicely NI, Wiehe K, Kepler TB, Jaeger FH, Dennison SM, Rerks-Ngarm S, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Kaewkungwal J, Robb ML, O'Connell RJ, Michael NL, Kim JH, Liao HX, Munir Alam S, Hwang KK, Bonsignori M, Haynes BF. Structural analysis of the unmutated ancestor of the HIV-1 envelope V2 region antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccine efficacy trial vaccinee. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:713-22. [PMID: 26288844 PMCID: PMC4534707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccinee binds at Lys169 of the HIV-1 Env gp120 V2 region, a site of vaccine-induced immune pressure. CH58 neutralizes HIV-1 CRF_01 AE strain 92TH023 and mediates ADCC against CD4 + T cell targets infected with CRF_01 AE tier 2 virus. CH58 and other antibodies that bind to a gp120 V2 epitope have a second light chain complementarity determining region (LCDR2) bearing a glutamic acid, aspartic acid (ED) motif involved in forming salt bridges with polar, basic side amino acid side chains in V2. In an effort to learn how V2 responses develop, we determined the crystal structures of the CH58-UA antibody unliganded and bound to V2 peptide. The structures showed an LCDR2 structurally pre-conformed from germline to interact with V2 residue Lys169. LCDR3 was subject to conformational selection through the affinity maturation process. Kinetic analyses demonstrate that only a few contacts were responsible for a 2000-fold increase in KD through maturation, and this effect was predominantly due to an improvement in off-rate. This study shows that preconformation and preconfiguration can work in concert to produce antibodies with desired immunogenic properties. With only 2-3% mutation from germline, the HIV-1 antibody CH58 developed neutralizing and ADCC capabilities. The LCDR2 Glu–Asp motif of the RV144 antibody CH58 is pre-conformed from germline to interact with the gp120 V2 loop. Affinity and neutralization gains resulted from tuning local interactions rather than gross sequence or structure changes. Structural analyses show the second light chain complementarity determining region Glu–Asp motif of the CH58 antibody isolated from an RV144 vaccinee is optimally pre-conformed from germline to interact with the gp120 V2 loop. The increased binding affinity and neutralization capacity of the mature antibody compared to its germline precursor were achieved with only 2–3% mutation from germline, and the fact that these gains appeared to be a result of the tuning of local interactions rather than gross sequential or conformational changes provides hope that a rational immunogen design for HIV-1 treatment may become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan I Nicely
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Boston University Department of Microbiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick H Jaeger
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry Jackson Foundation HIV Program, US Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kwan-Ki Hwang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Hegen H, Guger M, Harrer A, Hoelzl M, Kraus J, Skrobal A, Schautzer F, Schmidegg S, Schocke M, Deisenhammer F. High-dose intravenous interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis patients with high-titer neutralizing antibodies (HINABS II) - A pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2015; 3:220-6. [PMID: 25878009 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against interferon-beta (IFNβ) affect its treatment efficacy. So far, there are no anti-NAb strategies available. OBJECTIVES To investigate if the repeated administration of high-dose IFNβ-1b intravenous in NAb positive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients induces tolerance and establishes IFNβ bioavailability as measured by the induction of myxovirus protein A (MxA). METHODS Nine MS patients with NAb titers >500 10-fold reduction units (TRU) received 1500μg IFNβ-1b intravenously once weekly over three months. Blood samples were collected at screening, monthly during the treatment period (before and four hours after IFNβ administration), and at follow-up after 6 months for determination of NAbs and MxA expression. RESULTS Median NAb titer at baseline was 1429TRU. NAb titers determined before each infusion did not significantly change over the treatment period and were not different at follow-up compared to baseline. However, NAb titers were significantly decreased four hours after IFNβ infusions (by roughly 50%) and MxA mRNA levels were significantly elevated reaching a median value of 206. CONCLUSIONS Weekly intravenous administration of IFNβ in patients with high NAb titers established its bioavailability, but failed to induce tolerance towards IFNβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hegen
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Guger
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Department of Neurology, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - A Harrer
- Paracelsus Medical University, Department of Neurology, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Hoelzl
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Kraus
- Paracelsus Medical University, Department of Neurology, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Skrobal
- Landesklinikum Horn, Department of Neurology, Spitalgase 10, 3580 Horn, Austria
| | - F Schautzer
- Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Department of Neurology, Nikolaigasse 43, 9500 Villach, Austria
| | - S Schmidegg
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Department of Neurology, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - M Schocke
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Radiology, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Deisenhammer
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Trier NH, Mortensen A, Schiolborg A, Friis T. Production and Screening of Monoclonal Peptide Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1348:109-126. [PMID: 26424268 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybridoma technology is a remarkable and indispensable tool for generating high-quality monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies not only serve as powerful research and diagnostic reagents, but have also emerged as the most rapidly expanding class of therapeutic biologicals. In this chapter, an overview of hybridoma technology and the laboratory procedures used routinely for hybridoma production and antibody screening are presented, including characterization of peptide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mortensen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Schiolborg
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Friis
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gibbs E, Karim ME, Oger J. Antibody dissociation rates are predictive of neutralizing antibody (NAb) course: a comparison of interferon beta-1b-treated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients with transient versus sustained NAbs. Clin Immunol 2014; 157:91-101. [PMID: 25543089 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with interferon-β (IFNβ) develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which can reduce therapeutic efficacy. In the Betaseron/Betaferon in Newly Emerging MS for Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) study, 88/277 patients developed NAbs, 48 having transient positivity and 29 having sustained positivity. This study aimed to investigate the antibody binding characteristics of serial sera in a subset of these two patient groups. Using Biacore™, a surface plasmon resonance-based technology that monitors biomolecular interactions in real time, we immobilized pure IFNβ-1b and analyzed antibody binding responses and dissociation rates of these sera. NAb titers correlated directly with binding responses and inversely with dissociation rates, and sera from sustained NAb patients demonstrated significantly higher binding responses and slower dissociation rates than sera from transient NAb patients. Thus, transient and sustained NAbs are quantitatively and qualitatively different, and interestingly, binding responses and dissociation rates at month 12 could predict the NAb course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima Gibbs
- NeuroImmunology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joel Oger
- NeuroImmunology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Deisenhammer F. Interferon-Beta: Neutralizing Antibodies, Binding Antibodies, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Outcomes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:938-945. [PMID: 25493961 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to interferon-beta (IFNb) may occur during treatment with this drug and can be measured at several levels, the totality of antibodies referred to as antidrug antibodies (ADA) or binding antibodies, and in case of interference with the drug activity referred to as neutralizing antibodies (NAB). Antibodies can also interfere with the biological activity of IFNb as measured by pharmacodynamic markers. To get a complete picture of the interference between IFNb as a drug and the ADA, all the 3 above levels need to be considered. Furthermore, the interaction of these biomarkers changes over time with a shift of antibody properties with respect to immunoglobulin subtypes, affinity, and titers of antibodies. In case of persistent NAB, the clinical benefit of IFNb in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is abolished. In this report, the current knowledge on these issues will be reviewed. The data have been presented at a meeting in Coral Gables, Florida on April 18-21, 2012.
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Chardin H, Mercier K, Frydman C, Vollmer N. Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging: a method to measure the affinity of the antibodies in allergy diagnosis. J Immunol Methods 2014; 405:23-8. [PMID: 24434618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The biological diagnosis of type I hypersensitivity reactions is based on the quantification of specific IgEs. However, the IgE titer is not always strongly related to the clinical symptoms or predictive of the evolution of the disease. The specificity and affinity of antibodies of other isotypes may contribute to the allergic status of the patients. The aim of the present work was to develop a method that simultaneously detects the complex antibody response to various allergens and measures the avidity of the antibodies directed to each allergen. METHODS A chip based on a covalent binding of 3 major milk allergens on a gold-activated surface was developed. The binding of specific antibodies to α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin or caseins was monitored using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi). The sensitivity and specificity of the method were compared to those obtained by ELISA, the reference method. RESULTS The specificity of the antibodies characterized by SPRi was identical to the one obtained by ELISA. The intensity of the signal was proportional to the quantity of antibodies bound to each allergen. The sensitivity of the SPRi detection was about 8-10 times lower than for ELISA but the SPRi is faster and the analysis of association/dissociation kinetics allowed the determination of the avidity of the antibody response. CONCLUSION The present study shows that SPRi allows a multiplex monitoring of the complex antibody response to the major allergens of an allergenic source. This label-free method constitutes a new tool that may be added to IgE detection to improve allergy diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Chardin
- ESPCI/LSABM, CNRS UMR PECSA 7195, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
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9
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Hegen H, Millonig A, Bertolotto A, Comabella M, Giovanonni G, Guger M, Hoelzl M, Khalil M, Killestein J, Lindberg R, Malucchi S, Mehling M, Montalban X, Polman CH, Rudzki D, Schautzer F, Sellebjerg F, Sørensen PS, Deisenhammer F. Early detection of neutralizing antibodies to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis patients: binding antibodies predict neutralizing antibody development. Mult Scler 2013; 20:577-87. [PMID: 24009164 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513503597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) affect efficacy of interferon-beta (IFN-b) treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. NAbs evolve in up to 44% of treated patients, usually between 6-18 months on therapy. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether early binding antibody (BAb) titers or different IFN-b biomarkers predict NAb evolution. METHODS We included patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) receiving de novo IFN-b treatment in this prospective European multicenter study. Blood samples were collected at baseline, before and after the first IFN-b administration, and again after 3, 12 and 24 months on that therapy; for determination of NAbs, BAbs, gene expression of MxA and protein concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1, sTRAIL, CXCL-10 and CCL-2. RESULTS We found that 22 of 164 (13.4%) patients developed NAbs during a median time of 23.8 months on IFN-b treatment. Of these patients, 78.9% were BAb-positive after 3 months. BAb titers ≥ 1:2400 predicted NAb evolution with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 98.5%. Cross-sectionally, MxA levels were significantly diminished in the BAb/NAb-positive samples; similarly, CXCL-10 and sTRAIL concentrations in BAb/NAb-positive and BAb-positive/NAb-negative samples, respectively, were also diminished compared to BAb/NAb-negative samples. CONCLUSIONS BAb titers reliably predict NAbs. CXCL-10 is a promising sensitive biomarker for IFN-b response and its abrogation by anti-IFN-b antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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10
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Lewis KB, Hughes RJ, Epstein MS, Josephson NC, Kempton CL, Kessler CM, Key NS, Howard TE, Kruse-Jarres R, Lusher JM, Walsh CE, Watts RG, Ettinger RA, Pratt KP. Phenotypes of allo- and autoimmune antibody responses to FVIII characterized by surface plasmon resonance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61120. [PMID: 23667433 PMCID: PMC3648518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of antibody isotype/subtype switching may provide prognostic value regarding the state of immune responses to therapeutic proteins, e.g. anti-factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies that develop in many hemophilia A patients, clinically termed “inhibitors”. A sensitive, high- information-content surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay has been developed to quantify IgG subtype distributions and the domain specificity of anti-drug antibodies. Plasma samples from 22 subjects with an allo- or auto-immune reaction to FVIII were analyzed. Pre-analytical treatment protocols were developed to minimize non-specific binding and specific matrix interference due to von Willebrand factor-FVIII interactions. The dynamic range for IgG quantification was 0.2–5 µg/ml (∼1–33 nM), allowing characterization of inhibitor-positive samples. Subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to quantify the IgG subtype distribution of FVIII-specific antibodies. Most samples obtained from multiply-infused inhibitor subjects contained IgG4 antibodies. Several distinct phenotypes were assigned based on the IgG subtype distribution: IgG1, IgG4, IgG1 & IgG4, and IgG1, IgG2 & IgG4. An IgG1-only response was found in mild/moderate HA subjects during early FVIII infusions, and analysis of serial samples followed antibody class switching as several subjects’ immune responses developed. Competition studies utilizing a recombinant FVIII-C2 domain indicated 40–80% of FVIII-specific antibodies in most samples were directed against this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Lewis
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Hughes
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melinda S. Epstein
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Neil C. Josephson
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nigel S. Key
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tom E. Howard
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jeanne M. Lusher
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Raymond G. Watts
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ruth A. Ettinger
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathleen P. Pratt
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bendtzen K. Critical review: assessment of interferon-β immunogenicity in multiple sclerosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:759-66. [PMID: 20874253 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses type I interferon (IFN) immunogenicity with focus on methods of detection of anti-IFN antibodies in patients treated with human recombinant IFN-β. Pitfalls involved in the clinical use of various types of assays for binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against IFN-β are presented, and the widely held distinction between binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies is questioned both in terms of detection and clinical importance. The article also addresses important bioavailability and pharmacokinetic issues occurring with prolonged use of protein drugs. The rationale for individualized or personalized medicine, ie, optimizing therapies according to individual needs rather than using standardized trial-and-error regimens to all patients, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research (IIR), Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Abstract
All biological therapeutics have the potential to induce an immune response in recipients of these products. Elicitation of an immune response can result in variable clinical impact, ranging from benign to severe adverse effects, a diminution in clinical efficacy or, in some cases, hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. Consequently, assessment of unwanted immunogenicity is an important element of the data required for regulatory submission for product approval. However, issues relating to immunogenicity occur throughout the life-cycle of a biotherapeutic and need to be considered appropriately when introducing any product change(s). Evaluation of immunogenicity of a product requires a well-considered strategy and a panel of appropriately validated (or ‘fit-for-purpose’) assays for antibody detection and characterization in clinical samples. An overview of the bioanalytical methods that are currently being used for assessment of immunogenicity of biotherapeutics and the guidance available along with some of the challenges facing the industry are discussed in this review.
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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14
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Biopharmaceutical production: Applications of surface plasmon resonance biosensors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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