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Güllülü Ö, Mayer BE, Toplek FB. Linking Gene Fusions to Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Transformation in Dyskeratosis Congenita. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1606. [PMID: 38338888 PMCID: PMC10855549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) is a multisystem disorder intrinsically associated with telomere dysfunction, leading to bone marrow failure (BMF). Although the pathology of DC is largely driven by mutations in telomere-associated genes, the implications of gene fusions, which emerge due to telomere-induced genomic instability, remain unexplored. We meticulously analyzed gene fusions in RNA-Seq data from DC patients to provide deeper insights into DC's progression. The most significant DC-specific gene fusions were subsequently put through in silico assessments to ascertain biophysical and structural attributes, including charge patterning, inherent disorder, and propensity for self-association. Selected candidates were then analyzed using deep learning-powered structural predictions and molecular dynamics simulations to gauge their potential for forming higher-order oligomers. Our exploration revealed that genes participating in fusion events play crucial roles in upholding genomic stability, facilitating hematopoiesis, and suppressing tumors. Notably, our analysis spotlighted a particularly disordered polyampholyte fusion protein that exhibits robust higher-order oligomerization dynamics. To conclude, this research underscores the potential significance of several high-confidence gene fusions in the progression of BMF in DC, particularly through the dysregulation of genomic stability, hematopoiesis, and tumor suppression. Additionally, we propose that these fusion proteins might hold a detrimental role, specifically in inducing proteotoxicity-driven hematopoietic disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Güllülü
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Mayer
- Computational Biology & Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fran Bačić Toplek
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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2
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Dolinski AC, Homola JJ, Jankowski MD, Robinson JD, Owen JC. Differential gene expression reveals host factors for viral shedding variation in mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103:10.1099/jgv.0.001724. [PMID: 35353676 PMCID: PMC10519146 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding impacts disease transmission dynamics; therefore, understanding the host factors associated with individual variation in pathogen shedding is key to controlling and preventing outbreaks. In this study, ileum and bursa of Fabricius tissues of wild-bred mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) were evaluated at various post-infection time points to determine genetic host factors associated with intraspecific variation in viral shedding. By analysing transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq), we found that LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards do not exhibit differential gene expression compared to uninfected birds, but that gene expression was associated with cloacal viral shedding quantity early in the infection. In both tissues, immune gene expression was higher in high/moderate shedding birds compared to low shedding birds, and significant positive relationships with viral shedding were observed. In the ileum, expression for host genes involved in viral cell entry was lower in low shedders compared to moderate shedders at 1 day post-infection (DPI), and expression for host genes promoting viral replication was higher in high shedders compared to low shedders at 2 DPI. Our findings indicate that viral shedding is a key factor for gene expression differences in LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards, and the genes identified in this study could be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Dolinski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jared J. Homola
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mark D. Jankowski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle,
WA 98101
| | - John D. Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jennifer C. Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Multifunctional Roles of the Actin-Binding Protein Flightless I in Inflammation, Cancer and Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603508. [PMID: 33330501 PMCID: PMC7732498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flightless I is an actin-binding member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodeling proteins that inhibits actin polymerization but does not possess actin severing ability. Flightless I functions as a regulator of many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration all of which are important for many physiological processes including wound repair, cancer progression and inflammation. More than simply facilitating cytoskeletal rearrangements, Flightless I has other important roles in the regulation of gene transcription within the nucleus where it interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to modulate cellular activities. In conjunction with key binding partners Leucine rich repeat in the Flightless I interaction proteins (LRRFIP)1/2, Flightless I acts both synergistically and competitively to regulate a wide range of cellular signaling including interacting with two of the most important inflammatory pathways, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the MyD88-TLR4 pathways. In this review we outline the current knowledge about this important cytoskeletal protein and describe its many functions across a range of health conditions and pathologies. We provide perspectives for future development of Flightless I as a potential target for clinical translation and insights into potential therapeutic approaches to manipulate Flightless I functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe L Strudwick
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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4
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Proximity Labeling To Map Host-Pathogen Interactions at the Membrane of a Bacterium-Containing Vacuole in Chlamydia trachomatis-Infected Human Cells. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00537-19. [PMID: 31405957 PMCID: PMC6803327 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00537-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular bacteria, including the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, grow within a membrane-bound bacterium-containing vacuole (BCV). Secreted cytosolic effectors modulate host activity, but an understanding of the host-pathogen interactions that occur at the BCV membrane is limited by the difficulty in purifying membrane fractions from infected host cells. Many intracellular bacteria, including the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, grow within a membrane-bound bacterium-containing vacuole (BCV). Secreted cytosolic effectors modulate host activity, but an understanding of the host-pathogen interactions that occur at the BCV membrane is limited by the difficulty in purifying membrane fractions from infected host cells. We used the ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2) proximity labeling system, which labels proximal proteins with biotin in vivo, to study the protein-protein interactions that occur at the chlamydial vacuolar, or inclusion, membrane. An in vivo understanding of the secreted chlamydial inclusion membrane protein (Inc) interactions (e.g., Inc-Inc and Inc-eukaryotic protein) and how these contribute to overall host-chlamydia interactions at this unique membrane is lacking. We hypothesize some Incs organize the inclusion membrane, whereas other Incs bind eukaryotic proteins to promote chlamydia-host interactions. To study this, Incs fused to APEX2 were expressed in C. trachomatis L2. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) identified biotinylated proteins, which were analyzed for statistical significance using significance analysis of the interactome (SAINT). Broadly supporting both Inc-Inc and Inc-host interactions, our Inc-APEX2 constructs labeled Incs as well as known and previously unreported eukaryotic proteins localizing to the inclusion. We demonstrate, using bacterial two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays, that endogenous LRRFIP1 (LRRF1) is recruited to the inclusion by the Inc CT226. We further demonstrate interactions between CT226 and the Incs used in our study to reveal a model for inclusion membrane organization. Combined, our data highlight the utility of APEX2 to capture the complex in vivo protein-protein interactions at the chlamydial inclusion.
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Matz KM, Guzman RM, Goodman AG. The Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing in Controlling Microbial and Autoimmune Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:35-136. [PMID: 30904196 PMCID: PMC6445394 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, is an ancient form of host defense found in all animals, from sponges to humans. During infection, innate immune receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns, such as microbial surface molecules, metabolites produces during infection, or nucleic acids of the microbe's genome. When initiated, the innate immune response activates a host defense program that leads to the synthesis proteins capable of pathogen killing. In mammals, the induction of cytokines during the innate immune response leads to the recruitment of professional immune cells to the site of infection, leading to an adaptive immune response. While a fully functional innate immune response is crucial for a proper host response and curbing microbial infection, if the innate immune response is dysfunctional and is activated in the absence of infection, autoinflammation and autoimmune disorders can develop. Therefore, it follows that the innate immune response must be tightly controlled to avoid an autoimmune response from host-derived molecules, yet still unencumbered to respond to infection. In this review, we will focus on the innate immune response activated from cytosolic nucleic acids, derived from the microbe or host itself. We will depict how viruses and bacteria activate these nucleic acid sensing pathways and their mechanisms to inhibit the pathways. We will also describe the autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders that develop when these pathways are hyperactive. Finally, we will discuss gaps in knowledge with regard to innate immune response failure and identify where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keesha M Matz
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - R Marena Guzman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Alan G Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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6
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Pegolo S, Cecchinato A, Mach N, Babbucci M, Pauletto M, Bargelloni L, Schiavon S, Bittante G. Transcriptomic Changes in Liver of Young Bulls Caused by Diets Low in Mineral and Protein Contents and Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167747. [PMID: 27930681 PMCID: PMC5145186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify transcriptional modifications and regulatory networks accounting for physiological and metabolic responses to specific nutrients in the liver of young Belgian Blue × Holstein bulls using RNA-sequencing. A larger trial has been carried out in which animals were fed with different diets: 1] a conventional diet; 2] a low-protein/low-mineral diet (low-impact diet) and 3] a diet enriched in n-3 fatty acids (FAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E (nutraceutical diet). The initial hypothesis was that the administration of low-impact and nutraceutical diets might influence the transcriptional profiles in bovine liver and the resultant nutrient fluxes, which are essential for optimal liver function and nutrient interconversion. Results showed that the nutraceutical diet significantly reduced subcutaneous fat covering in vivo and liver pH. Dietary treatments did not affect overall liver fat content, but significantly modified the liver profile of 33 FA traits (out of the total 89 identified by gas-chromatography). In bulls fed nutraceutical diet, the percentage of n-3 and CLA FAs increased around 2.5-fold compared with the other diets, whereas the ratio of n6/n3 decreased 2.5-fold. Liver transcriptomic analyses revealed a total of 198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing low-impact, nutraceutical and conventional diets, with the nutraceutical diet showing the greatest effects on liver transcriptome. Functional analyses using ClueGo and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis evidenced that DEGs in bovine liver were variously involved in energy reserve metabolic process, glutathione metabolism, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Modifications in feeding strategies affected key transcription factors regulating the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, e.g. insulin-induced gene 1, insulin receptor substrate 2, and RAR-related orphan receptor C. This study provides noteworthy insights into the molecular changes occurring as a result of nutrient variation in diets (aimed at reducing the environmental impact and improving human health) and broadens our understanding of the relationship between nutrients variation and phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Núria Mach
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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7
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Gasser S, Zhang WYL, Tan NYJ, Tripathi S, Suter MA, Chew ZH, Khatoo M, Ngeow J, Cheung FSG. Sensing of dangerous DNA. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:33-46. [PMID: 27614000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of damaged and microbial DNA can pose a threat to the survival of organisms. Cells express various sensors that recognize specific aspects of such potentially dangerous DNA. Recognition of damaged or microbial DNA by sensors induces cellular processes that are important for DNA repair and inflammation. Here, we review recent evidence that the cellular response to DNA damage and microbial DNA are tightly intertwined. We also discuss insights into the parameters that enable DNA sensors to distinguish damaged and microbial DNA from DNA present in healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Gasser
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore.
| | - Wendy Y L Zhang
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Nikki Yi Jie Tan
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shubhita Tripathi
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Manuel A Suter
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Zhi Huan Chew
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Muznah Khatoo
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; Divsion of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Florence S G Cheung
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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8
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Herzner AM, Hagmann CA, Goldeck M, Wolter S, Kübler K, Wittmann S, Gramberg T, Andreeva L, Hopfner KP, Mertens C, Zillinger T, Jin T, Xiao TS, Bartok E, Coch C, Ackermann D, Hornung V, Ludwig J, Barchet W, Hartmann G, Schlee M. Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1025-33. [PMID: 26343537 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA that emerges during infection with a retrovirus or DNA virus triggers antiviral type I interferon responses. So far, only double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) over 40 base pairs (bp) in length has been considered immunostimulatory. Here we found that unpaired DNA nucleotides flanking short base-paired DNA stretches, as in stem-loop structures of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), activated the type I interferon-inducing DNA sensor cGAS in a sequence-dependent manner. DNA structures containing unpaired guanosines flanking short (12- to 20-bp) dsDNA (Y-form DNA) were highly stimulatory and specifically enhanced the enzymatic activity of cGAS. Furthermore, we found that primary HIV-1 reverse transcripts represented the predominant viral cytosolic DNA species during early infection of macrophages and that these ssDNAs were highly immunostimulatory. Collectively, our study identifies unpaired guanosines in Y-form DNA as a highly active, minimal cGAS recognition motif that enables detection of HIV-1 ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Herzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Amparo Hagmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Wolter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Kübler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Wittmann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gramberg
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liudmila Andreeva
- Department Biochemistry, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Department Biochemistry, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center of Infectious Disease, Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian Ackermann
- LIMES Institute, Chemical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janos Ludwig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center of Infectious Disease, Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Liu Y, Zou Z, Zhu B, Hu Z, Zeng P, Wu L. LRRFIP1 Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Inducing Type I Interferon in Hepatocytes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e28473. [PMID: 26045710 PMCID: PMC4451274 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.15(5)2015.28473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the leading causes of end stage liver diseases. The innate immune response slows down viral replication by activating cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN-α/β), which trigger the synthesis of antiviral proteins and modulate the adaptive immune system. Recently, leucine-rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1 (LRRFIP1) was reported contributing to the production of interferon-β in macrophages. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the role of LRRFIP1 in induction of IFN-β and inhibition of HCV infection in hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induction of IFN-β by LRRFIP1 in Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting in vitro. Inhibition of HCV replication by LRRFIP1 overexpression in hepatocytes was assessed. RESULTS LRRFIP1 increased the expression of IFN-β in hepatocytes with or without HCV infection. Induction of IFN-β by LRRFIP1 was enhanced with the presence of hepatitis C virus. Overexpression of LRRFIP1 in hepatocytes inhibited HCV replication. However, HCV infection did not regulate intracellular expression of LRRFIP1. CONCLUSIONS LRRFIP1 and its mediated production of type I interferon play a role in controlling HCV infection. The findings of this study provide new target for HCV treatment and contribute to development of anti-HCV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding Author: Yuan Liu, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, P. O. Box: 610083, Chengdu, China. Tel: +86-2886570224, E-mail:
| | - Ziying Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Zonghai Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China
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10
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Higher LRRFIP1 expression in glioblastoma multiforme is associated with better response to teniposide, a type II topoisomerase inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1261-7. [PMID: 24690174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) contributes to chemoresistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to teniposide, a type II topoisomerase inhibitor. We also showed that LRRFIP1 is a target of miR-21. In this study, we found that higher baseline LRRFIP1 expression in human GBM tissue (n=60) is associated with better prognosis upon later treatment with teniposide. Experiments in cultured U373MG cells showed enhanced toxicity of teniposide against U373MG cells transfected with a vector that resulted in LRRFIP1 overexpression (vs. cells transfected with control vector). Experiments in nude mice demonstrated better response of LRRFIP1 overexpressing xenografts to teniposide. These findings indicate that high baseline LRRFIP1 expression in GBM is associated with better response to teniposide, and encourage exploring LRRFIP1 as a target for GBM treatment.
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11
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Gubern C, Camós S, Hurtado O, Rodríguez R, Romera VG, Sobrado M, Cañadas R, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Serena J, Mallolas J, Castellanos M. Characterization of Gcf2/Lrrfip1 in experimental cerebral ischemia and its role as a modulator of Akt, mTOR and β-catenin signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2014; 268:48-65. [PMID: 24637094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat in Flightless-1 interaction protein 1 (Lrrfip1) is an up-regulated protein after cerebral ischemia whose precise role in the brain both in healthy and ischemic conditions is unclear. Different Lrrfip1 isoforms with distinct roles have been reported in human and mouse species. The present study aimed to analyze the Lrrfip1 transcriptional variants expressed in rat cortex, to characterize their expression patterns and subcellular location after ischemia, and to define their putative role in the brain. Five transcripts were identified and three of them (Lrrfip1, CRA_g and CRA_a' (Fli-I leucine-rich repeat associated protein 1 - Flap-1)) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All the transcripts were up-regulated and showed differential expression patterns after in vivo and in vitro ischemia models. The main isoform, Lrrfip1, was found to be up-regulated from the acute to the late phases of ischemia in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes of the peri-infarct area. This study demonstrates that Lrrfip1 activates β-catenin, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins in astrocytes and positively regulates the expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 2 (GLT-1). Our findings point to Lrrfip1 as a key brain protein that regulates pro-survival pathways and proteins and encourages further studies to elucidate its role in cerebral ischemia as a potential target to prevent brain damage and promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gubern
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - S Camós
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - O Hurtado
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - V G Romera
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sobrado
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cañadas
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Moro
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Serena
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - J Mallolas
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - M Castellanos
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
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Douville RN, Nath A. Human endogenous retroviruses and the nervous system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 123:465-85. [PMID: 25015500 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53488-0.00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée N Douville
- Department of Microbiology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Medvedev AE. Toll-like receptor polymorphisms, inflammatory and infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:467-84. [PMID: 23675778 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germ-line-encoded innate immune sensors that recognize conserved microbial structures and host alarmins and signal expression of MHC proteins, costimulatory molecules, and inflammatory mediators by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and other cell types. These processes activate immediate and early mechanisms of innate host defense, as well as initiate and orchestrate adaptive immune responses. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes have been associated with altered susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and allergic diseases, and have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis. Critical advances in our understanding of innate immune functions and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered complex interactions of genetic polymorphisms within TLRs and environmental factors. However, conclusions obtained in the course of such analyses are restricted by limited power of many studies that is likely to explain controversial findings. Further, linkages to certain ethnic backgrounds, gender, and the presence of multigenic effects further complicate the interpretations of how the TLR SNPs affect immune responses. For many TLRs, the molecular mechanisms by which SNPs impact receptor functions remain unknown. In this review, I have summarized current knowledge about the TLR polymorphisms, their impact on TLR signaling, and associations with various inflammatory, infectious, allergic diseases and cancers, and discussed the directions of future scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E Medvedev
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
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Zhang S, Yan H, Li CZ, Chen YH, Yuan FH, Chen YG, Weng SP, He JG. Identification and function of leucine-rich repeat flightless-I-interacting protein 2 (LRRFIP2) in Litopenaeus vannamei. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57456. [PMID: 23468989 PMCID: PMC3585381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat flightless-I-interacting protein 2 (LRRFIP2) is a myeloid differentiation factor 88-interacting protein with a positive regulatory function in toll-like receptor signaling. In this study, seven LRRFIP2 protein variants (LvLRRFIP2A-G) were identified in Litopenaeus vannamei. All the seven LvLRRFIP2 protein variants encode proteins with a DUF2051 domain. LvLRRFIP2s were upregulated in hemocytes after challenged with lipopolysaccharide, poly I:C, CpG-ODN2006, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Dual-luciferase reporter assays in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells revealed that LvLRRFIP2 activates the promoters of Drosophila and shrimp AMP genes. The knockdown of LvLRRFIP2 by RNA interference resulted in higher cumulative mortality of L. vannamei upon V. parahaemolyticus but not S. aureus and WSSV infections. The expression of L. vannamei AMP genes were reduced by dsLvLRRFIP2 interference. These results indicate that LvLRRFIP2 has an important function in antibacterials via the regulation of AMP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Zheng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-hua Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-gui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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