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Dyachenko EI, Bel’skaya LV. The Role of Amino Acids in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Mechanisms in Cancer: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 38248831 PMCID: PMC10818545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the antioxidant properties of amino acids and their role in the physicochemical processes accompanying oxidative stress in cancer remain unclear. Cancer cells are known to extensively uptake amino acids, which are used as an energy source, antioxidant precursors that reduce oxidative stress in cancer, and as regulators of inhibiting or inducing tumor cell-associated gene expression. This review examines nine amino acids (Cys, His, Phe, Met, Trp, Tyr, Pro, Arg, Lys), which play a key role in the non-enzymatic oxidative process in various cancers. Conventionally, these amino acids can be divided into two groups, in one of which the activity increases (Cys, Phe, Met, Pro, Arg, Lys) in cancer, and in the other, it decreases (His, Trp, Tyr). The review examines changes in the metabolism of nine amino acids in eleven types of oncology. We have identified the main nonspecific mechanisms of changes in the metabolic activity of amino acids, and described direct and indirect effects on the redox homeostasis of cells. In the future, this will help to understand better the nature of life of a cancer cell and identify therapeutic targets more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk 644099, Russia;
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2
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Min JY, Chun KS, Kim DH. The versatile utility of cysteine as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:997919. [PMID: 36741694 PMCID: PMC9893486 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.997919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its unique nucleophilicity, cysteine is an attractive sulfhydryl-containing proteinogenic amino acid. It is also utilized in various metabolic pathways and redox homeostasis, as it is used for the component of major endogenous antioxidant glutathione and the generation of sulfur-containing biomolecules. In addition, cysteine is the most nucleophilic amino acid of proteins and can react with endogenous or exogenous electrophiles which can result in the formation of covalent bonds, which can alter the cellular states and functions. Moreover, post-translational modifications of cysteines trigger redox signaling and affect the three-dimensional protein structure. Protein phosphorylation mediated by kinases and phosphatases play a key role in cellular signaling that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, and consequently, the modification of cysteine regulates its activities. The modification of cysteine residues in proteins is critically important for the design of novel types of pharmacological agents. Therefore, in cancer metabolism and cancer cell survival, cysteine plays an essential role in redox regulation of cellular status and protein function. This review summarizes the diverse regulatory mechanisms of cysteine bound to or free from proteins in cancer. Furthermore, it can enhance the comprehension of the role of cysteine in tumor biology which can help in the development of novel effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Do-Hee Kim,
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3
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Wang P, Yang W, Zhu H, Zhang S. Regulators involved in trophoblast syncytialization in the placenta of intrauterine growth restriction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1107182. [PMID: 36798658 PMCID: PMC9927020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental dysfunction refers to the insufficiency of placental perfusion and chronic hypoxia during early pregnancy, which impairs placental function and causes inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, affecting fetal development and health. Fetal intrauterine growth restriction, one of the most common outcomes of pregnancy-induced hypertensions, can be caused by placental dysfunction, resulting from deficient trophoblast syncytialization, inadequate trophoblast invasion and impaired vascular remodeling. During placental development, cytotrophoblasts fuse to form a multinucleated syncytia barrier, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic demands for fetal growth. A reduction in the cell fusion index and the number of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast are found in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR, suggesting that the occurrence of IUGR may be related to inadequate trophoblast syncytialization. During the multiple processes of trophoblasts syncytialization, specific proteins and several signaling pathways are involved in coordinating these events and regulating placental function. In addition, epigenetic modifications, cell metabolism, senescence, and autophagy are also involved. Study findings have indicated several abnormally expressed syncytialization-related proteins and signaling pathways in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR, suggesting that these elements may play a crucial role in the occurrence of IUGR. In this review, we discuss the regulators of trophoblast syncytialization and their abnormal expression in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Songying Zhang, ; Haiyan Zhu,
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Songying Zhang, ; Haiyan Zhu,
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He MJ, Pu W, Wang X, Zhong X, Zhao D, Zeng Z, Cai W, Liu J, Huang J, Tang D, Dai Y. Spatial metabolomics on liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:366. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers and is mainly developed from chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis-B infection-associated liver cirrhosis (LC). The progression from LC to HCC makes the detection of diagnostic biomarkers to be challenging. Hence, there have been constant efforts to improve on identifying the critical and predictive changes accompanying the disease progression.
Methods
In this study, we looked to using the mass spectrometry mediated spatial metabolomics technique to simultaneous examine hundreds of metabolites in an untargeted fashion. Additionally, metabolic profiles were compared between six subregions within the HCC tissue to collect spatial information.
Results
Through those metabolites, altered metabolic pathways in LC and HCC were identified. Specifically, the amino acid metabolisms and the glycerophospholipid metabolisms experienced the most changes. Many of the altered metabolites and metabolic pathways were able to be connected through the urea cycle.
Conclusions
The identification of the key metabolites and pathways can expand our knowledge on HCC metabolic reprogramming and help us exam potential biomarkers for earlier detection of the malignant disease progression.
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Duan F, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Sun X, Tang Z, Wang R, Guo L, Tang W, Liu T, Wang P, Zhan Y. Metabolic alterations in the visual pathway of retinitis pigmentosa rats: A longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study with histopathological validation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4751. [PMID: 35478360 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Because retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been shown to cause degenerative changes in the entire visual pathway, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal assessments of RP-induced degeneration and identify imaging protocols to detect this degeneration as early as possible. In this study, we assessed a transgenic rat model of RP by using complementary noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS), to investigate the metabolic changes in RP. Our study demonstrated decreased concentrations and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau), whereas myo-inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) were increased in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with the progression of RP, the concentrations of NAA, Glu, GABA, and Tau, and the ratios of GABA/Cr and Tau/Cr significantly decreased over time, whereas the concentrations of Ins and Cho and the ratio of Ins/Cr significantly increased over time (p < 0.05). In addition, in RCS rats, NAA/Cr decreased significantly from 3 to 4 months postnatal (p < 0.001), and Cho/Cr increased significantly from 4 to 5 months postnatal (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the 1 H-MRS indicators in 5-month postnatal RCS rats could be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, with the progression of RP, the metabolic alterations in the visual cortex indicated progressive reprogramming with the decrease of neurons and axons, accompanied by the proliferation of gliocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Duan
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, NHFPC (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linying Guo
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
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Baliou S, Goulielmaki M, Ioannou P, Cheimonidi C, Trougakos IP, Nagl M, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Bromamine T (BAT) Exerts Stronger Anti-Cancer Properties than Taurine (Tau). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E182. [PMID: 33430276 PMCID: PMC7825693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine (Tau) ameliorates cancer pathogenesis. Researchers have focused on the functional properties of bromamine T (BAT), a stable active bromine molecule. Both N-bromotaurine (TauNHBr) and BAT exert potent anti-inflammatory properties, but the landscape remains obscure concerning the anti-cancer effect of BAT. METHODS We used Crystal Violet, colony formation, flow cytometry and Western blot experiments to evaluate the effect of BAT and Tau on the apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells. Xenograft experiments were used to determine the in vivo cytotoxicity of either agent. RESULTS We demonstrated that both BAT and Tau inhibited the growth of human colon, breast, cervical and skin cancer cell lines. Among them, BAT exerted the greatest cytotoxic effect on both RKO and MDA-MB-468 cells. In particular, BAT increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK½), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK½), thereby inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy in RKO cells. In contrast, Tau exerted its cytotoxic effect by upregulating JNK½ forms, thus triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in RKO cells. Accordingly, colon cancer growth was impaired in vivo. CONCLUSIONS BAT and Tau exerted their anti-tumor properties through the induction of (i) mitochondrial apoptosis, (ii) the MAPK family, and iii) autophagy, providing novel anti-cancer therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Christina Cheimonidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Markus Nagl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Research and Development, Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, 11 Sachtouri Str, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
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Baliou S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:631-664. [PMID: 32705269 PMCID: PMC7384849 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N‑Bromotaurine or N‑Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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8
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A Quantitative HILIC-MS/MS Assay of the Metabolic Response of Huh-7 Cells Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-Dioxin. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9060118. [PMID: 31226775 PMCID: PMC6631636 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and applied to profile metabolite changes in human Huh-7 cells exposed to the potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Comparisons of sensitivity (limit of detection as low as 0.01 µM) and reproducibility (84% of compounds had an interday relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10.0%; 83% of compounds had an intraday RSD less than 15.0%) were assessed for all the metabolites. The exposure of Huh-7 cells to the hepatotoxic carcinogen TCDD at low doses (1 nM and 10 nM for 4 h and 24 h, respectively) was reflected by the disturbance of amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle), and nucleic acid metabolism. TCDD caused a significant decrease in amino acids such as serine, alanine, and proline while promoting an increase in arginine levels with 24 h treatment. Energy metabolism intermediates such as phosphoenolpyruvate and acetyl–CoA and nucleosides such as UMP, XMP, and CMP were also markedly decreased. These results support the application of HILIC–UHPLC–MS/MS for robust and reliable analysis of the cellular response to environmentally relevant toxicants at lower doses.
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Li Q, Zhang X, Wei N, Liu S, Ling Y, Wang H. p21-activated kinase 4 as a switch between caspase-8 apoptosis and NF-κB survival signals in response to TNF-α in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3003-3010. [PMID: 30149917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PAK4 is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and considered a promising candidate for therapeutic target. However, its functions remain poorly understood, especially in liver carcinogenesis which could be triggered by inflammation. In the present study, endogenous PAK4 was knockdown using siRNA in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. The two cell lines performed reduced cell viability, altered cell cycle composed of decreased S and arrest in G2, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, expression of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei and caspase-8 activity did not show significant differences from control. However, after treating cells with TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine, we investigated repressed nuclear expression and localization of NF-κB p65, and induced apoptosis with increased caspase-8 activity in PAK4-knockdown cells. The findings revealed that ablation of PAK4 inhibited cell viability via blocking cell cycle and progressing apoptosis. The apoptosis was partially dependent upon caspase-8 concomitant with attenuated NF-κB survival signal due to stimulus of TNF-α. It suggests that PAK4 as target is a switch between caspase-8 apoptosis and NF-κB survival signals induced by TNF-α in hepatocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Pathological Department, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yaqin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Taurine attenuates hippocampal and corpus callosum damage, and enhances neurological recovery after closed head injury in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 291:331-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Taurine Enhances Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Specification of Murine and Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:457-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luo K, Luo D, Liu H. Determination of Metabolites in the Cerebellum of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Exposed Mice by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.952373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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14
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Ramos-Mandujano G, Hernández-Benítez R, Pasantes-Morales H. Multiple mechanisms mediate the taurine-induced proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:690-702. [PMID: 24681519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine was previously reported to increase the proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) from subventricular zone of the mouse brain. The results of a study that aimed to understand the mechanisms of this effect are presented here. Because taurine was not found in NPC nuclei, direct interactions with nuclear elements seem unlikely. A gene expression profile analysis indicated that genes that are regulated by taurine have roles in i) proliferation, including the Shh and Wnt pathways; ii) cellular adhesion; iii) cell survival; and iv) mitochondrial functioning. Cell cycle analysis of propidium iodide and CFSE-labeled cells using flow cytometry revealed an increase in the number of cells in the S-phase and a decrease in those in the G0/G1 phase in taurine-treated cultures. No changes in the length of the cell cycle were observed. Quantification of the viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells in cultures using flow cytometry and calcein-AM, annexin-V, and propidium iodide staining showed reductions in the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells (18% to 11% and 13% to 10%, respectively) and increases in the number of viable cells (61% to 69%) in the taurine-treated cultures. Examination of the relative mitochondrial potential values by flow cytometry and rhodamine123 or JC-1 staining showed a 44% increase in the number of cells with higher mitochondrial potential and a 38% increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential in taurine cultures compared with those of controls. Taken together, the results suggest that taurine provides more favorable conditions for cell proliferation by improving mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Reyna Hernández-Benítez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Herminia Pasantes-Morales
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jang HJ, Kim SJ. Taurine exerts anti-osteoclastogenesis activity via inhibiting ROS generation, JNK phosphorylation and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:387-91. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.839999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Desforges M, Parsons L, Westwood M, Sibley CP, Greenwood SL. Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e559. [PMID: 23519128 PMCID: PMC3618382 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The outer epithelial cell layer of human placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast, is a specialised terminally differentiated multinucleate tissue. It is generated and renewed from underlying cytotrophoblast cells that undergo proliferation, differentiation and fusion with syncytiotrophoblast. Acquisition of fresh cellular components is thought to be balanced by apoptosis and shedding of aged nuclei. This process of trophoblast cell turnover maintains a functional syncytiotrophoblast, capable of sufficient nutrient transfer from mother to foetus. Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with aberrant trophoblast turnover and reduced activity of certain amino acid transporters, including the taurine transporter (TauT). Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in human placenta implying an important physiological role within this tissue. Unlike other amino acids, taurine is not incorporated into proteins and in non-placental cell types represents an important osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, and is also cytoprotective. Here, we investigated the role of taurine in trophoblast turnover using RNA interference to deplete primary human trophoblast cells of TauT and reduce intracellular taurine content. Trophoblast differentiation was compromised in TauT-deficient cells, and susceptibility of these cells to an inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in FGR was increased, evidenced by elevated levels of apoptosis. These data suggest an important role for taurine in trophoblast turnover and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desforges
- Maternal and Foetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Gondo Y, Satsu H, Ishimoto Y, Iwamoto T, Shimizu M. Effect of taurine on mRNA expression of thioredoxin interacting protein in Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:433-7. [PMID: 22960072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulfur-containing β-amino acid, plays an important role in several essential biological processes; although, the underlying mechanisms for these regulatory functions remain to be elucidated, especially at the genetic level. We investigated the effects of taurine on the gene expression profile in Caco-2 cells using DNA microarray. Taurine increased the mRNA expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), which is involved in various metabolisms and diseases. β-Alanine or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which are structurally or functionally related to taurine, did not increase TXNIP mRNA expression. These suggest the expression of TXNIP mRNA is induced specifically by taurine. β-Alanine is also known to be a substrate of taurine transporter (TAUT) and competitively inhibits taurine uptake. Inhibition of taurine uptake by β-alanine eliminated the up-regulation of TXNIP, which suggests TAUT is involved in inducing TXNIP mRNA expression. The up-regulation of TXNIP mRNA expression by taurine was also observed at the protein level. Furthermore, taurine significantly increased TXNIP promoter activity. Our present study demonstrated the taurine-specific phenomenon of TXNIP up-regulation, which sheds light on the physiological function of taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Gondo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Traudt CM, Tkac I, Ennis KM, Sutton LM, Mammel DM, Rao R. Postnatal morphine administration alters hippocampal development in rats. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:307-14. [PMID: 21971612 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is frequently used as an analgesic and sedative in preterm infants. Adult rats exposed to morphine have an altered hippocampal neurochemical profile and decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. To evaluate whether neonatal rats are similarly affected, rat pups were injected twice daily with 2 mg/kg morphine or normal saline from postnatal days 3 to 7. On postnatal day 8, the hippocampal neurochemical profile was determined using in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The mRNA and protein concentrations of specific analytes were measured in hippocampus, and cell division in dentate gyrus was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine. The concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and myo-insotol were decreased, whereas concentrations of glutathione, phosphoethanolamine, and choline-containing compounds were increased in morphine-exposed rats relative to control rats. Morphine decreased glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme levels and myelin basic protein mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling in the dentate gyrus was decreased by 60-70% in morphine-exposed rats. These results suggest that recurrent morphine administration during brain development alters hippocampal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Traudt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Jennen D, Ruiz-Aracama A, Magkoufopoulou C, Peijnenburg A, Lommen A, van Delft J, Kleinjans J. Integrating transcriptomics and metabonomics to unravel modes-of-action of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in HepG2 cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:139. [PMID: 21880148 PMCID: PMC3231768 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of different 'omics' technologies has already been shown in several in vivo studies to offer a complementary insight into cellular responses to toxic challenges. Being interested in developing in vitro cellular models as alternative to animal-based toxicity assays, we hypothesize that combining transcriptomics and metabonomics data improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects caused by a toxic compound also in vitro in human cells. To test this hypothesis, and with the focus on non-genotoxic carcinogenesis as an endpoint of toxicity, in the present study, the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 was exposed to the well-known environmental carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). RESULTS Transcriptomics as well as metabonomics analyses demonstrated changes in TCDD-exposed HepG2 in common metabolic processes, e.g. amino acid metabolism, of which some of the changes only being confirmed if both 'omics' were integrated. In particular, this integrated analysis identified unique pathway maps involved in receptor-mediated mechanisms, such as the G-protein coupled receptor protein (GPCR) signaling pathway maps, in which the significantly up-regulated gene son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) seems to play an important role. SOS1 is an activator of several members of the RAS superfamily, a group of small GTPases known for their role in carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here were not only comparable with other in vitro studies but also with in vivo studies. Moreover, new insights on the molecular responses caused by TCDD exposure were gained by the cross-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ainhoa Ruiz-Aracama
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Magkoufopoulou
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost van Delft
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Chow AM, Zhou IY, Fan SJ, Chan KW, Chan KC, Wu EX. Metabolic changes in visual cortex of neonatal monocular enucleated rat: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 29:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- April M. Chow
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Iris Y. Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Shu Juan Fan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kannie W.Y. Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ed X. Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal ProcessingThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of AnatomyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
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Yeon JA, Kim SJ. Neuroprotective Effect of Taurine against Oxidative Stress-Induced Damages in Neuronal Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.1.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Taurine and guanidinoethanesulfonic acid (GES) differentially affects the expression and phosphorylation of cellular proteins in C6 glial cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19239148 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Effects of taurine and guanidinoethanesulfonic acid (GES), a taurine transport inhibitor, on the expression and phosphorylation of cellular proteins in C6 glial cells were examined using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and 2-D immunoblots. 2-D gels stained with Coomassie Blue or SYPRO Ruby showed differential distribution patterns of cellular proteins in the control, taurine-supplemented and GES-supplemented cells. 2-D immunoblot analysis using the anti-phosphotyrosine antibody recognized only few immuno-reactive proteins in all three samples, and their distribution patterns were different. On the other hand, 2-D immunoblot analysis using the anti-phosphothreonine antibody recognized many immuno-reactive proteins with distinctly different distribution patterns in the control, taurine-supplemented and GES-supplemented cells. In GES-supplemented cells, the relative number of the anti-phosphotyrosine immuno-reactive protein spots increased modestly, whereas the relative number of the anti-phosphothreonine immuno-reactive protein spots decreased markedly than those in the control and taurine-supplemented cells.
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Sun M, Xu C. Neuroprotective Mechanism of Taurine due to Up-regulating Calpastatin and Down-regulating Calpain and Caspase-3 during Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2007; 28:593-611. [PMID: 17712625 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-007-9183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Taurine as an endogenous substance possesses a number of cytoprotective properties. In the study, we have evaluated the neuroprotective effect of taurine and investigated whether taurine exerted neuroprotection through affecting calpain/calpastatin or caspase-3 actions during focal cerebral ischemia, since calpain and caspase-3 play central roles in ischemic neuronal death. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and 22 h of reperfusion. Taurine was administrated intravenously 1 h after MCAo. The dose-responses of taurine to MCAo were determined. Next, the effects of taurine on the activities of calpain, calpastatin and caspase-3, the levels of calpastatin, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and alphaII-spectrin, and the apoptotic cell death in penumbra were evaluated. RESULTS Taurine reduced neurological deficits and decreased the infarct volume 24 h after MCAo in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 50 mg/kg of taurine significantly increased the calpastatin protein levels and activities, and markedly reduced the m-calpain and caspase-3 activities in penumbra 24 h after MCAo, however, it had no significant effect on mu-calpain activity. Moreover, taurine significantly increased the MAP-2 and alphaII-spectrin protein levels, and markedly reduced the ischemia-induced TUNEL staining positive score within penumbra 24 h after MCAo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the dose-dependent neuroprotection of taurine against transient focal cerebral ischemia, and suggest that one of protective mechanisms of taurine against ischemia may be blocking the m-calpain and caspase-3-mediated apoptotic cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Neurochemistry, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, 6 Tiantan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China
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Taranukhin AG, Taranukhina EY, Saransaari P, Djatchkova IM, Pelto-Huikko M, Oja SS. Taurine reduces caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression induced by ischemia in the mouse hypothalamic nuclei. Amino Acids 2007; 34:169-74. [PMID: 17297564 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid abundant in the nervous system. It protects cells from ischemia-induced apoptosis, but the mechanism underlying this is not well established. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of taurine on two main pathways of apoptosis induced by ischemia: receptor-mediated and mitochondrial cell death. Brain slices containing the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus were incubated in vitro under control and simulated ischemic (oxygen-glucose deprivation for 30 min) conditions in the absence and presence of 20 mM taurine. Brain slices were harvested after the 180-min "postischemic" period and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. To estimate apoptosis, immunostaining was done for caspase-8 and caspase-9 in paraffin-embedded sections. Immunoreactive caspase-8 and caspase-9 cells were observed in SON and PVN in all experimental groups, but in the "ischemic" group the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the number of immunoreactive cells was significantly increased in both hypothalamic nuclei. Addition of taurine (20 mM) to the incubation medium induced a marked decrease in caspase-8 and caspase-9 immunoreactivity after ischemia in SON and PVN when compared with the taurine-untreated "ischemic" group. Taurine reduces ischemia-induced caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression, the key inductors of apoptosis in SON and PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Taranukhin
- Brain Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Taurine, a free amino acid, is found in millimolar concentrations in most mammalian tissues. Mammals are able to synthesize taurine endogenously, but some species such as humans are more dependent on dietary sources of taurine. A growing body of evidence suggests that taurine plays a preponderant role in many physiological processes, which will be summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence for the requirement of taurine in the human diet has been obtained in many studies involving animal models and a few clinical trials. Recent and past studies suggested that taurine might be a pertinent candidate for use as a nutritional supplement to protect against oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases or atherosclerosis. Taurine has demonstrated promising actions in vitro, and as a result clinical trials have begun to investigate its effects on various diseases. SUMMARY Taurine appears to have multiple functions and plays an important role in many physiological processes, such as osmoregulation, immunomodulation and bile salt formation. Taurine analogues/derivatives have recently been reported to have a marked activity on various disorders. Taken together, these observations actualize the old story of taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bouckenooghe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Carnoy Place, Croix du Sud 5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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