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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Tang S, Liu F, Wu R, Kong P, Li Q, Tang X. Zhizhu decoction alleviates slow transit constipation by regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor through gut microbiota. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:111-124. [PMID: 36562308 PMCID: PMC9793913 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2157020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Slow transit constipation (STC), the most common type of constipation, seriously affects the life of patients. Zhizhu decoction (ZZD), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has is effective against functional constipation, but the mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This research explores the mechanism of ZZD on STC from the perspective of metabolomics and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 9): control (control); STC (model); positive control (positive); low-dose (5 g/kg; L-ZZD), medium-dose (10 g/kg; M-ZZD), and high-dose (20 g/kg; H-ZZD) ZZD treatment. Following treatment of mice with ZZD for two weeks, the changes in intestinal motility, colon histology, intestinal neurotransmitters, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway determined the effects of ZZD on the pathophysiology of STC. LC-MS targeting serum metabolomics was used to analyze the regulation of ZZD on neurotransmitters, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the regulation of the gut microbiome. RESULTS ZZD had the highest content of naringin (6348.1 mg/L), and could significantly increase the 24 h defecations (1.10- to 1.42-fold), fecal moisture (1.14-fold) and intestinal transport rate (1.28-fold) of STC mice, increased the thickness of the mucosal and muscular tissue (1.18- to 2.16-fold) and regulated the neurotransmitters in the colon of STC mice. Moreover, ZZD significantly activated the AHR signaling pathway, and also affected the composition of gut microbiota in STC mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effect and the possible mechanism of ZZD on STC could provide a theoretical basis for the broader clinical application of ZZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Kong
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Tang SY, Liu F, Wang QX, Kong PF, Tang XG. Zhizhu Decoction Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Damage via Regulating SIRT1/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway in Slow Transit Constipation Model Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:809-817. [PMID: 36044116 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible effects and mechanism of Zhizhu Decoction (ZZD) on the pathophysiology of slow transit constipation (STC). METHODS A total of 54 C57BL/6 mice was randomly divided into the following 6 groups by a random number table, including control, STC model (model), positive control, and low-, medium- and high-doses ZZD treatment groups (5, 10, 20 g/kg, namely L, M-, and H-ZZD, respectively), 9 mice in each group. Following 2-week treatment, intestinal transport rate (ITR) and fecal water content were determined, and blood and colon tissue samples were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate the morphology of colon tissues and calculate the number of goblet cells. To determine intestinal permeability, serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and mannose were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins zona-occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, occludin and recombinant mucin 2 (MUC2). The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-22 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative reverse transcription reaction. Colon indexes of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA, and protein expression levels of colon silent information regulator 1/forkhead box O transcription factor 1 (SIRT1/FoxO1) antioxidant signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the model group, ITR and fecal moisture were significantly enhanced in STC mice in the M-ZZD and H-ZZD groups (P<0.01). Additionally, ZZD treatment notably increased the thickness of mucosal and muscular tissue, elevated the number of goblet cells in the colon of STC mice, reduced the secretion levels of LPS, LDL and mannose, and upregulated ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin and MUC2 expressions in the colon in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, ZZD significantly attenuated intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress and activated the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION ZZD exhibited beneficial effects on the intestinal system of STC mice and alleviated intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress via activating SIRT1/FoxO1 antioxidant signaling pathway in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuang Province, 646000, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Shi-Yu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuang Province, 637000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuang Province, 637000, China
| | - Qiu-Xiao Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuang Province, 637000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Kong
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuang Province, 637000, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuang Province, 637000, China.
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Lei Y, Wang Y, Sun Z, Lin M, Cai X, Huang D, Luo K, Tan S, Zhang Y, Yan J, Xia X. Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1382-1392. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lei
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Spine SurgeryXiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Kun Luo
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Shihan Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Jianye Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha P. R. China
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Xiao Y, Li Y, Shu J, Li Y, Xu J, Ren J, Liu D, Wang J, Zhou L, Li Y, Tang G, Tian D, Zhang S, Hou X, Wang H, Li Z, Lv N, Chen M. The efficacy of oral Zhizhu Kuanzhong, a traditional Chinese medicine, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:526-531. [PMID: 30207000 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) remains unsatisfactory. We assessed the efficacy of Zhizhu Kuanzhong (ZZKZ) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) of FD. METHODS The study was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Three-hundred ninety-two patients with PDS defined by Rome III criteria from 16 centers in China were randomly assigned to receive either ZZKZ or placebo. The proportion of the responders at 4 weeks after randomization was considered primary endpoint. Secondary endpoint was the symptom score reduction of each dyspeptic symptom relative to the baseline at 4 weeks after randomization in all subjects. RESULTS In terms of the primary endpoint, the proportion of the responders concerning the composite PDS symptom score was 38.8% and 54.7% in placebo group and ZZKZ group, respectively (P = 0.003), in per protocol analysis at 4 weeks after randomization. Concerning the individual evaluated upper gastrointestinal symptoms, only postprandial fullness and early satiety showed significant difference in symptom score reduction at 4 weeks after randomization between placebo and ZZKZ groups. CONCLUSIONS Zhizhu Kuanzhong is superior to placebo in the treatment of PDS with FD. The exact mechanisms by which ZZKZ improves symptoms remain to be established (http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChinCTR-TRC-14004714).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglian Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianchang Shu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guodou Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - De'an Tian
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huahong Wang
- The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Citrus aurantium L. and Its Flavonoids Regulate TNBS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Anti-Inflammation and Suppressing Isolated Jejunum Contraction. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103057. [PMID: 30301267 PMCID: PMC6213068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious digestive system disease, for which the clinical therapeutic choices remain limited. Dried fruits of Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) are a traditional medicine used for regulation of the digestive system. The aim of this study was to identify the regulatory effects of CAL on IBD and to clarify the mechanism of the active compounds. In trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced IBD rats, 125 to 500 mg/kg of oral CAL significantly alleviated weight loss and diarrhea, decreased colitis inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The mechanisms of characteristic flavonoids in CAL were evaluated involving inflammation and intestine contraction aspects. Naringenin, nobiletin, and hesperetin showed anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions. Naringenin and nobiletin showed inhibitory effects on isolated jejunum contraction. The mechanism of naringenin is partly related to COX, NOS, inositol triphosphate (IP3), and finally, to decreased jejunum motility. This study demonstrated that CAL, and its flavonoids’ regulatory effects on IBD through anti-inflammation and inhibition of intestine muscle contraction, can provide basic information on developing new drugs or supplements against IBD based on CAL.
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Role of Quzhou Fructus Aurantii Extract in Preventing and Treating Acute Lung Injury and Inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1698. [PMID: 29374248 PMCID: PMC5785969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quzhou Fructus Aurantii (QFA) is an authentic herb of local varieties in Zhejiang, China, which is usually used to treat gastrointestinal illnesses, but its effects on respiratory inflammation have not been reported yet. In our study, the anti-inflammatory activity of QFA extract (QFAE) was evaluated on copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)-induced transgenic neutrophil fluorescent zebrafish model. QFAE showed a significant effect of anti-inflammation in CuSO4·5H2O-induced zebrafish by reducing the neutrophil number in the inflammatory site. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of QFAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice models and RAW 264.7 cells. QFAE had an anti-inflammatory effect on reducing total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF and attenuated alveolus collapse, neutrophils infiltration, lung W/D ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein expression and other pulmonary histological changes in lung tissues, as well as hematological changes. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-12p70, were decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased after treatment with QFAE both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our results suggested that QFAE had apparent anti-inflammatory effects on CuSO4·5H2O-induced zebrafish, LPS-induced ALI mice, and RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, QFAE may be a therapeutic drug to treat ALI/ARDS and other respiratory inflammations.
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Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:104-119. [PMID: 28711545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is the damage caused to mucosal layer of the stomach under the action of various factors like high levels of acid and pepsin, invasion by Helicobacter pylori, etc. Although most cases have been controlled and the rate of ulcer occurrence has reduced over the last few decades, gastric ulcer still holds a prime concern today. A range of palliative medicines comprising proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) is widely in use and patients have also been administered with acid suppression therapies. But these remedies aggravate the condition of patients causing severe side effects, or rather impart temporary relief. Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop safe and effective therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Nature provides us various fruits and vegetables that can combat gastric ulcer through multiple mechanisms; predominantly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisecretory, antimicrobial, anticholinergic and cytoprotective activity, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion etc. Various phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins play a vital role in the prevention and cure of gastric ulcer. This review is a compendium of all fruits and vegetables known for their profound antiulcer effect and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Liu Y, Ni Y, Ruan J, Qu L, Yu H, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Bioactive gentixanthone and gentichromone from the whole plants of Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:164-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xiong X, Peng W, Chen L, Liu H, Huang W, Yang B, Wang Y, Xing Z, Gan P, Nie K. Traditional Chinese medicine Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair induce bidirectional effects on gastric motility in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:444-50. [PMID: 26456365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair (ZQHPHP), composed of Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao [ZQ] in Chinese) and Magnolia officinalis (Houpu [HP] in Chinese), is a traditional herbal formula that has been extensively used for treating gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and possible mechanism of ZQHPHP on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes four parts: (a) study of ZQHPHP's effect on GE; (b) study of ZQHPHP's effect on gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC); (c) comparing the effects of ZQHPHP, ZQ and HP on GASMC; (d) study of antagonists or agonists on ZQHPHP-induced GASMC. A test meal of Evans blue was adopted to estimate GE in rats. A polygraph was used to measure GASMC in rats. RESULTS The in vivo experiments demonstrated that, at the doses of 10mg/kg bw and 20mg/kg bw, ZQHPHP could promote GE. While, at the higher dose of 30 mg/kg bw, ZQHPHP delayed the GE. From the in vitro experiments we found that ZQHPHP (3-10 μg/ml) concentration-dependently increased the mean amplitude of contractions in the antral circular strip compared to untreated controls. While, in the concentration of 30 μg/ml, ZQHPHP prohibited GASMC. Besides, atropine blocked the stimulatory effect of ZQHPHP on GASMC and norepinephrine partly prohibited the stimulatory effect of ZQHPHP on GASMC, whereas isoproterenol showed no effect. From the in vitro experiment, we also found that ZQ and HP used together can synergistically increase gut motor. CONCLUSIONS The experiment indicated that ZQHPHP could induce bidirectional regulation on gastric motility. ZQ and HP used together can synergistically increase gut motor at a certain dosage. Lower dosage of ZQHPHP increases gastric motility, while higher dosage produces inhibition. In addition, the improvement of gastric motility by ZQHPHP is predominantly involved with muscarinic receptors and secondarily with alpha-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinGui Xiong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - WeiJun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China
| | - HaiTao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - ZhiHua Xing
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - PingPing Gan
- Department of Oncology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - KeChao Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
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Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:112-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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