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Das D, Sarkar S, Borsingh Wann S, Kalita J, Manna P. Current perspectives on the anti-inflammatory potential of fermented soy foods. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110922. [PMID: 35181093 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soy foods (FSF) are gaining significant attention due to promising health benefits. In recent years, FSF are being studied extensively due to the presence of diverse functional ingredients including active isoflavones and peptides along with essential micronutrients. The process of fermentation is responsible for the enrichment of various bioactive principles in soy-based fermented foods and exclusion of some anti-nutrient factors which are found predominantly in raw soybeans. Emerging evidence suggests that FSF possess immense therapeutic potential against inflammation and associated pathological complications. Extracts prepared from various FSF (e.g. fermented soy paste, milk, and sauce) were found to exert promising anti-inflammatory effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo settings. Moreover, clinical findings highlighted an inverse relationship between consumption of FSF and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders among the communities which habitually consume fermented soy products. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of FSF have been delineated in many literatures which collectively suggest that FSF extracts have regulatory actions over the expression and/or activity of several proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, and some other factors involved in the inflammatory pathways. The present review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of FSF with mechanistic insights based upon the available findings from cell culture, preclinical, and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
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Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, da Silva GR, Rempel C, Goettert MI. Traditional plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials-A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5647-5667. [PMID: 34165846 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a trend toward the use of natural substances present in plants and vegetables. In general, foods rich in antioxidants are complex matrices; therefore, understanding its absorption effects is extremely relevant to know its bioactive potential. Thus, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants (or compounds) registered on the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) with antioxidant properties. Following the reporting guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes studies of interest indexed in the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were analyzed. Of the 59 clinical trials found, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa are the plant species with the highest percentage of clinical research. Prevention/attenuation of oxidative stress was one of the main antioxidant mechanisms indicated in the studies. The most tested compounds of the RENISUS plants in clinical trials were curcumin and soy isoflavone. In this review, we selected studies in advanced stages that highlight plants' value in optimizing antioxidant status; however, even with high-quality studies, it is not prudent to overstate the clinical efficacy of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudete Rempel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento/Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Navarra M, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020261. [PMID: 33567628 PMCID: PMC7914737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Sugawara T, Saraprug D, Sakamoto K. Soy sauce increased the oxidative stress tolerance of nematode via p38 MAPK pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:709-716. [PMID: 30626262 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1562873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Soy sauce - a fermented food made from soybeans and wheat - is considered a healthy seasoning, but little scientific evidence is available to support this. In this study, physiological effects of soy sauce were analyzed using Caenorhabditis elegans. When soy sauce was fed to C. elegans together with Escherichia coli OP50, fat accumulation decreased, and resistance to oxidative stress by H2O2 was greatly increased in the nematodes. qRT-PCR revealed that mRNA expression of oxidative stress tolerance genes, including sod, ctl, and gpx, was markedly increased in soy sauce-fed nematodes. Worms ingesting soy sauce showed high mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low intracellular ROS, suggesting that soy sauce induced mitohormesis and decreased cytoplasmic ROS. Therefore, soy sauce ingestion affects the mitochondria and may alter the fat metabolism in C. elegans. Furthermore, the increase in oxidative stress tolerance is mediated through p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Sugawara
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Danaporn Saraprug
- b The College of Biological Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Prasanth MI, Chaiyasut C. A Mini Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Fermented Foods. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1973. [PMID: 30551623 PMCID: PMC6316541 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. The present manuscript details the general methods of the production of FFs, and the results of various studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on the antidiabetic properties of FFs. The fermentation method and the active microbes involved in the process play a crucial role in the functional properties of FFs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported on the health-promoting properties of FFs, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function and gastrointestinal health, and the reduced presence of metabolic disorders. The studies on the functional properties of FFs by randomized controlled clinical trials using human volunteers are very limited for several reasons, including ethical reasons, safety concerns, approval from the government, etc. Several scientific teams are working on the development of complementary and alternative medicines to improve the treatment strategies for hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Nonaka K, Une S, Komatsu M, Yamaji R, Akiyama J. Heat stress prevents the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Res 2017; 67:117-126. [PMID: 29137485 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether heat stress (HS) prevents a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contents in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four groups (n=6/group): control (Con), HS, diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus and heat stress (DM+HS). Diabetes was induced by the administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). HS was initiated 7 days after STZ treatment and performed at 42 °C for 30 min 5 times a week for 3 weeks. SDH activity was decreased in the DM and DM+HS groups. However, SDH activity was greater in the DM+HS group than in the DM group. Although HSP60 content was lower in the DM group than in the Con group, it was maintained in the DM+HS groups and was higher than that in the DM group. SOD2 content was decreased only in the DM group. These findings suggest that HS prevents the decrease in SDH activity in the skeletal muscle induced by DM. According to this mechanism, the maintenance of SOD2 and HSP60 by HS may suppress the increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nonaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lee D, Kim KH, Lee J, Hwang GS, Lee HL, Hahm DH, Huh CK, Lee SC, Lee S, Kang KS. Protective effect of cirsimaritin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:875-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Maintaining glucose homoeostasis is essential for the survival of cells. Despite the various health benefits of Korean thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii), their effects on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and experimentally investigated in this study.
Methods
The effects of C. japonicum var. maackii and its active component cirsimaritin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cytotoxicity were assessed in INS-1 cells. By Western blotting analysis, protein expressions related to apoptosis were evaluated. The involvement of apoptosis was also confirmed with image-based cytometric assay and caspase activity tests.
Key findings
Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract and cirsimaritin in non-toxic concentrations improved cell viability to near normal levels and protected INS-1 cells against STZ-induced damage. In addition, cirsimaritin reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by STZ. Cirsimaritin effectively suppressed apoptosis in pancreatic β cells by decreasing the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, BID and the DNA repair protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and increasing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein expression.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential and action mechanism of cirsimaritin for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ki Huh
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
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Sustained kidney biochemical derangement in treated experimental diabetes: a clue to metabolic memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40544. [PMID: 28079150 PMCID: PMC5228190 DOI: 10.1038/srep40544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of biochemical alterations that last for a long period of time in diabetic individuals even after adequate handling of glycemia is an intriguing phenomenon named metabolic memory. In this study, we show that a kidney pathway is gradually altered during the course of diabetes and remains persistently changed after late glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This pathway comprises an early decline of uric acid clearance and pAMPK expression followed by fumarate accumulation, increased TGF-β expression, reduced PGC-1α expression, and downregulation of methylation and hydroxymethylation of mitochondrial DNA. The sustained decrease of uric acid clearance in treated diabetes may support the prolonged kidney biochemical alterations observed after tight glycemic control, and this regulation is likely mediated by the sustained decrease of AMPK activity and the induction of inflammation. This manuscript proposes the first consideration of the possible role of hyperuricemia and the underlying biochemical changes as part of metabolic memory in diabetic nephropathy development after glycemic control.
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Huang H, Krishnan HB, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8695-8709. [PMID: 27798832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) is a major commodity in the United States, and soy foods are gaining popularity due to their reported health-promoting effects. In the past two decades, soy and soy bioactive components have been studied for their health-promoting/disease-preventing activities and potential mechanisms of action. Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as an important component in the human body ecosystem and possibly a critical modulator of human health. Soy foods' interaction with the gut microbiota may critically influence many aspects of human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition at different stages of life. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of soy foods and soy components on gut microbiota population and composition. It was found, although results vary in different studies, in general, both animal and human studies have shown that consumption of soy foods can increase the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and alter the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These changes in microbiota are consistent with reported reductions in pathogenic bacteria populations in the gut, thereby lowering the risk of diseases and leading to beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Garg S, Lule VK, Malik RK, Tomar SK. Soy Bioactive Components in Functional Perspective: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheenam Garg
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhao Kisanrao Lule
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Malik
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Suo H, Feng X, Zhu K, Wang C, Zhao X, Kan J. Shuidouchi (Fermented Soybean) Fermented in Different Vessels Attenuates HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury. Molecules 2015; 20:19748-63. [PMID: 26540032 PMCID: PMC6332132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuidouchi (Natto) is a fermented soy product showing in vivo gastric injury preventive effects. The treatment effects of Shuidouchi fermented in different vessels on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice through their antioxidant effect was determined. Shuidouchi contained isoflavones (daidzein and genistein), and GVFS (glass vessel fermented Shuidouchi) had the highest isoflavone levels among Shuidouchi samples fermented in different vessels. After treatment with GVFS, the gastric mucosal injury was reduced as compared to the control mice. The gastric secretion volume (0.47 mL) and pH of gastric juice (3.1) of GVFS treated gastric mucosal injury mice were close to those of ranitidine-treated mice and normal mice. Shuidouchi could decrease serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas) level and increase somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level, and GVFS showed the strongest effects. GVFS showed lower IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokine levels than other vessel fermented Shuidouchi samples, and these levels were higher than those of ranitidine-treated mice and normal mice. GVFS also had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in gastric tissues than other Shuidouchi samples. Shuidouchi could raise IκB-α, EGF, EGFR, nNOS, eNOS, Mn-SOD, Gu/Zn-SOD, CAT mRNA expressions and reduce NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS expressions as compared to the control mice. GVFS showed the best treatment effects for gastric mucosal injuries, suggesting that glass vessels could be used for Shuidouchi fermentation in functional food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Qi Z, Xu Y, Liang Z, Li S, Wang J, Wei Y, Dong B. Naringin ameliorates cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7093-101. [PMID: 26300349 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, which facilitates the removal of free radicals, oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the effects of curcumin on the regulation of diabetes‑associated cognitive decline, and its underlying mechanisms. An experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was induced by streptozoticin (50 mg/kg). Following treatment with naringin (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 16 weeks, the body weight and blood glucose levels of the DM rats were measured. A morris water maze test was used to analyze the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, and the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were quantified in the DM rats using a commercially‑available kit and western blot assay, respectively. In addition, a GW9662 PPARγ inhibitor (0.3 mg/kg) was administered to the DM rats to determine whether PPARγ affected the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The results demonstrated that naringin increased the body weight, blood glucose levels, and cognitive deficits of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory factors in the naringin‑treated rats were significantly lower, compared with those of the DM rats. In addition, naringin activated the protein expression of PPARγ, and administration of the PPARγ inhibitor decreased the protein expression of PPARγ, and attenuated the effects of naringin on cognitive deficit. The results also demonstrated that naringin decreased the expression levels of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in the DM rats. These results suggested that naringin ameliorated cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic rat model. Furthermore, oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and PPARγ signaling may be involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhua Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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