1
|
Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Caramori G, Nucera F, Tuccari G, Ieni A. IL-33 immunohistochemical pattern of expression in neoplastic and nonneoplastic peripheral lung tissues of stage 1 o 2 lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155208. [PMID: 38359512 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
IL-33 is a multifaceted cytokine, plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, making it a subject of extensive research and intrigue in the field of immunology. This cytokine acts as a key regulator, effectively putting the brakes on proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), thereby modulating chromatin compaction by promoting nucleosome-to-nucleosome interactions. IL-33's influence extends to the realm of innate and acquired immunity through its binding to the membrane-bound ST2 molecule (ST2L) of the IL-33R complex, which is expressed on various immune cells, such as Th2 cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells. IL-33's role in inflammation is far from one-dimensional, as it has been found to have a dual role in inflammatory disorders. In the quest to understand the origins of IL-33, immunohistochemical examination of lung tissue samples from patients with adenocarcinoma could shed light on its presence in bronchial epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, in lung tissue cancerous lesions. For this reason, we conducted a pilot study about the immunohistochemical expression of IL-33 in surgical specimens of stage 1 o 2 lung adenocarcinoma received after lung resection surgery.Our results demonstrated that patients had nuclear IL-33 immunopositivity in the alveolar pneumocytes of the normal lung tissue at the periphery of lung adenocarcinoma specimen. Note the evident negativity of the neoplastic adenocarcinoma cells. Other data showed IL-33 nuclear immunoexpression in endothelial cells of intratumoral vascular structures.This finding could indicate that IL-33 might be involved in regulating blood vessel formation and maintenance within the tumor, which is a critical factor in tumor growth and progression.The presence of IL-33 in normal lung tissue and intratumoral vascular structures may be related to its physiological functions in these contexts, while its absence in neoplastic adenocarcinoma cells could indicate a potential loss of regulatory control, which might have implications for the development and progression of the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, 9125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Salvo E, Gangemi S, Genovese C, Cicero N, Casciaro M. Polyphenols from Mediterranean Plants: Biological Activities for Skin Photoprotection in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Chronic Urticaria. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3579. [PMID: 37896042 PMCID: PMC10609915 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse class of natural compounds that are widely distributed in various fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and bring benefits in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Studies suggested that polyphenols may improve cardiovascular health and may have neuroprotective effects. The Mediterranean region is a vast area. Although the territory encompasses a wide variety of cultures and dietary patterns, there are some commonalities in terms of the plant-based foods and their polyphenol content. Such polyphenols have been studied for their potential photoprotective effects on the skin. We focused on nutraceutical effects of Mediterranean plants in skin photoprotection in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria. Results highlight the importance of exploring natural compounds for therapeutic purposes. The wide variety of polyphenols found in different foods and plants allows for a diverse range of pharmacological effects. The Mediterranean diet, rich in polyphenol-containing foods, is associated with a lower incidence of various chronic diseases, including dermatological conditions. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and optimal dosing of polyphenols, there is initial evidence to support their potential use as adjunctive therapy for atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murdaca G, Banchero S, Casciaro M, Paladin F, Tafuro M, Monacelli F, Nencioni A, Bruschetta R, Pioggia G, Tartarisco G, Gangemi S. Multiparametric Evaluation of Geriatric Patients Admitted to Intermediate Care: Impact on Geriatric Rehabilitation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2906. [PMID: 37761272 PMCID: PMC10529473 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the functional status of patients of any age is a major global public health goal. Rehabilitation is a process in which a person with disabilities is accompanied to achieve the best possible physical, functional, social, intellectual, and relational outcomes. The Intermediate Care Unit within the O.U. of Geriatrics and Gerontology of the San Martino Hospital in Genoa is focused on the treatment and motor reactivation of patients with geriatric pathologies. The objective of this study was to identify which factor, among the characteristics related to the patient and those identified by the geriatric evaluation, had the greatest impact on rehabilitation outcomes. Our findings revealed significant correlations between the Barthel Index delta, the 4AT Screening Test, and the number of drugs taken. This association highlights the potential benefits of medication management in enhancing the overall well-being and functional abilities of frail older adults, despite the literature suggesting that polypharmacotherapy is associated with a reduction in functional status and an increase in mortality. These findings underscore the significance of a multidimensional geriatric assessment. Refining and optimising these multidisciplinary approaches is the objective of a more effective geriatric rehabilitation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Sara Banchero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesca Paladin
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Tafuro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (M.T.); (F.M.); (A.N.)
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Bruschetta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy; (R.B.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy; (R.B.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy; (R.B.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Casciaro M, Vincelli D, Ferraro M, Mirabile G, Pace E, Martino B, Tonacci A, Gangemi S, Pioggia G, Allegra A. The role of High-mobility group box-1 and Psoriasin in multiple myeloma: Analysis of a population affected by monoclonal gammopathies and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154562. [PMID: 37216746 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cells neoplasm which is often preceded by a preneoplastic condition called monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). A protein called High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) controls transcription and genomic stability. Both pro- and anti-tumor properties of HMGB1 have been described during tumor growth. The S100 protein family includes a protein known as psoriasin. Poorer prognosis and survival were linked to higher psoriasin expression in cancer patients. The goal of the current investigation was to compare the plasma levels of HMGB-1 and psoriasin in patients with MM and MGUS significance, as well as in a group of healthy controls. According to our research, patients with MGUS have higher HMGHB-1 concentrations than healthy controls (846.7 ± 287.6 pg/ml vs. 176.9 ± 204.8 pg/ml for controls, p < 0.001). Similarly, we found a huge difference in HMGB-1 levels for MM patients with respect to controls (928.0 ± 551.4 pg/ml vs. 176.9 ± 204.8 pg/ml; p = 0.001). No difference was found as for the Psoriasin levels in the three groups considered. Additionally, we tried to evaluate the knowledge already present in the literature about putative mechanisms of action for these molecules in the onset and development of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Vincelli
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89133 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89133 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Giorgianni CM, Cicero N, Gangemi S. Age-Related Diseases and Foods Generating Chlorinative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020249. [PMID: 36829808 PMCID: PMC9952263 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a slow and inexorable process affecting all life beings and is characterised by age-related worsening in adaptation to external changes. Several factors contribute to such a process, and oxidative stress due to external damages is one key player. Of particular interest is the oxidative stress generated from halogen compounds such as chloride. Hypochlorus acid is produced starting from MPO's interaction with hydrogen peroxide. We focused on the oxidation of tyrosine residues by HOCl, which leads as a result to the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr). This molecule, due to its stability, is considered a marker for MPO activity. RESULTS We collected data from literature research articles evaluating chlorinative stress and the effects of 3-ClTyr on chronic diseases linked to aging. As diseases are not the only source of 3-ClTyr in people, we also focused on other origins of chlorinative stress, such as food intake. DISCUSSION Oxidation and halogenation are caused by infectious diseases and by pathologies characterised by inflammation. Moreover, diet could negatively or positively influence chlorinative stress. Comparing 3-ClTyr levels in the oldest and youngest old with age-related diseases and comparing data between different geographic areas with different pesticide rules could be the next challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0902212013
| | - Concetto Mario Giorgianni
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Science4life srl, Spin off Company, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salvo ED, Conte F, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Cicero N. Bioactive natural products in donkey and camel milk: a perspective review. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:2098-2112. [PMID: 36048020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian milk has numerous components that exhibit chemical and functional activities. They support human homeostasis. Immunoglobulins, peptides with antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, carbohydrates, lipids, and minor molecules have positive effects on health. Beyond the nutritional values of milk, milk-borne biologically active compounds such as proteins and other minor constituents exhibit essential physiological and biochemical functions. Human milk guarantees a healthy development and improves immunity. It is hypoallergenic. Sometimes, it is necessary to substitute this food with other milk for different reasons. Cow, sheep, goat, camel and donkey milk are natural alternatives. We evaluated the different compounds within donkey and camel milk analysing their biomolecular characteristics and potential benefits for human health. Camel and donkey milk bioactive products could be good candidates for controlling several diseases and excellent substitutes in the case of milk protein allergies in infants. However, more research should be conducted to further evaluate their nutraceutical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life srl Spin off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murdaca G, Paladin F, Casciaro M, Vicario CM, Gangemi S, Martino G. Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopathological Distress. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092133. [PMID: 36140234 PMCID: PMC9495653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is a low degree of chronic and systemic tissue inflammation associated with aging, and is intimately linked to pro-inflammatory mediators. These substances are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and related psychopathological symptoms. When inflammation and aging affect the brain, we use the term neuro-inflammaging. In this review, we focused on the neuro-inflammatory process typical of advanced ages and the related psychopathological symptoms, with particular attention to understanding the immune-pathogenetic mechanisms involved and the potential use of immunomodulatory drugs in the control of clinical psychological signs. Inflammation and CNS were demonstrated being intimately linked in the neuro-inflammatory loop. IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, COX and PGE are only partially responsible. BBB permeability and the consequent oxidative stress resulting from tissue damage make the rest. Some authors elaborated the “theory of cytokine-induced depression”. Inflammation has a crucial role in the onset symptoms of psychopathological diseases as it is capable of altering the metabolism of biogenic monoamines involved in their pathogenesis. In recent years, NSAIDs as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of relevant psychopathological disorders associated with chronic inflammatory conditions demonstrated their efficacy. Additionally, novel molecules have been studied, such as adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept showing antidepressant and anxiolytic promising results. However, we are only at the beginning of a new era characterized by the use of biological drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and this paper aims to stimulate future studies in such a direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Paladin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Allegra A, Casciaro M, Lo Presti E, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Harnessing Unconventional T Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells to Prevent and Treat Hematological Malignancies: Prospects for New Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060754. [PMID: 35740879 PMCID: PMC9221132 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) make up a heterogeneous set of cells that characteristically show prompt responses toward specific antigens. Unconventional T cells recognize non-peptide antigens, which are bound and presented by diverse non-polymorphic antigen-presenting molecules and comprise γδ T cells, MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs), and natural killer T cells (NKTs). On the other hand, ILCs lack antigen-specific receptors and act as the innate counterpart to the T lymphocytes found in the adaptive immune response. The alteration of unconventional T cells and ILCs in frequency and functionality is correlated with the onset of several autoimmune diseases, allergy, inflammation, and tumor. However, depending on the physio-pathological framework, unconventional T cells may exhibit either protective or pathogenic activity in a range of neoplastic diseases. Nonetheless, experimental models and clinical studies have displayed that some unconventional T cells are potential therapeutic targets, as well as prognostic and diagnostic markers. In fact, cell-mediated immune response in tumors has become the focus in immunotherapy against neoplastic disease. This review concentrates on the present knowledge concerning the function of unconventional T cell sets in the antitumor immune response in hematological malignancies, such as acute and chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that modulating the activity of unconventional T cells could be useful in the treatment of hematological neoplasms, in the prevention of specific conditions (such as graft versus host disease), and in the formulation of an effective anticancer vaccine therapy. The exact knowledge of the role of these cells could represent the prerequisite for the creation of a new form of immunotherapy for hematological neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council (CNR)—Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Allegra A, Casciaro M, Barone P, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Epigenetic Crosstalk between Malignant Plasma Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112597. [PMID: 35681577 PMCID: PMC9179362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, cells of the bone marrow microenvironment have a relevant responsibility in promoting the growth, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma plasma cells. In addition to the well-recognized role of genetic lesions, microenvironmental cells also present deregulated epigenetic systems. However, the effect of epigenetic changes in reshaping the tumour microenvironment is still not well identified. An assortment of epigenetic regulators, comprising histone methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, and lysine demethylases, are altered in bone marrow microenvironmental cells in multiple myeloma subjects participating in disease progression and prognosis. Aberrant epigenetics affect numerous processes correlated with the tumour microenvironment, such as angiogenesis, bone homeostasis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. This review focuses on the interplay between epigenetic alterations of the tumour milieu and neoplastic cells, trying to decipher the crosstalk between these cells. We also evaluate the possibility of intervening specifically in modified signalling or counterbalancing epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Barone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandolfo G, Genovese G, Bruno A, Campolo D, Tigano V, Cristani M, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114527. [PMID: 35344686 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia pathophysiology is still not well understood. Genetic factors involving biochemical systems are key players and oxidative stress takes part to the development and worsening of SZ. Oxidative stress led to the permanent production of oxidation products such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). These proteins interact with their receptor amplifying ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines sustaining a permanent loop. We tested plasma levels of AGEs and AOPPs in 30 SZ patients. Their levels were statistically higher than controls confirming their involvement in mental disorders. Antioxidant nutraceuticals and a healthy lifestyle could diminish oxidative stress and ameliorate SZ symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pandolfo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenica Campolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Valeria Tigano
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071128. [PMID: 35406692 PMCID: PMC8997895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative. This review focuses on the effects of exosomes in the treatment of tumors, by discussing the most recent and promising data from in vitro and experimental in vivo studies and the few existing clinical trials. Exosomes are extremely promising as transporters of drugs, antagomir, genes, and other therapeutic substances that can be integrated into their core via different procedures. Moreover, exosomes can augment or inhibit non-coding RNAs, change the metabolism of cancer cells, and modify the function of immunologic effectors thus modifying the tumor microenvironment transforming it from pro-tumor to antitumor milieu. Here, we report the development of currently realized exosome modifiers that offer indications for the forthcoming elaboration of other more effective methods capable of enhancing the activity of the exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Modulation of Cellular Redox Parameters for Improving Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030455. [PMID: 35326105 PMCID: PMC8944660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised oxidative stress and abnormal redox status are typical features of multiple myeloma cells, and the identification of the intimate mechanisms that regulate the relationships between neoplastic cells and redox homeostasis may reveal possible new anti-myeloma therapeutic targets to increase the effectiveness of anti-myeloma drugs synergistically or to eradicate drug-resistant clones while reducing toxicity toward normal cells. An alteration of the oxidative state is not only responsible for the onset of multiple myeloma and its progression, but it also appears essential for the therapeutic response and for developing any chemoresistance. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature’s current data on the effects of oxidative stress on the response to drugs generally employed in the therapy of multiple myeloma, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and autologous transplantation. In the second part of the review, we analyzed the possibility of using other substances, often of natural origin, to modulate the oxidative stress to interfere with the progression of myelomatous disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19 disease, is representing a worldwide threat for the medical community and the society at large so that it is being defined as "the twenty-first-century disease". Often associated with a severe cytokine storm, leading to more severe cases, it is mandatory to block such occurrence early in the disease course, to prevent the patients from having more severe, sometimes fatal, outcomes. In this framework, early detection of "danger signals", possibly represented by alarmins, can represent one of the most promising strategies to effectively tailor the disease and to better understand the underlying mechanisms eventually leading to death or severe consequences. In light of such considerations, the present article aims at evaluating the role of alarmins in patients affected by COVID-19 disease and the relationship of such compounds with the most commonly reported comorbidities. The conducted researches demonstrated yet poor literature on this specific topic, however preliminarily confirming a role for danger signals in the amplification of the inflammatory reaction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. As such, a number of chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, in turn, associated with higher levels of alarmins, both foster the infection and predispose to a worse prognosis. According to these preliminary data, prompt detection of high levels of alarmins in patients with COVID-19 and co-morbidities could suggest an immediate intense anti-inflammatory treatment.Key messageAlarmins have a role in the amplification of the inflammatory reaction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infectiona prompt detection of high levels of alarmins in patients with COVID-19 could suggest an immediate intense anti-inflammatory treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- YDA – Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. IL-33 genetics and epigenetics in immune-related diseases. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 34565403 PMCID: PMC8467020 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a 30KDa protein, which belongs to the Interleukin-1 cytokine family. It is a crucial regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. This interleukin is additionally involved in the inflammatory reaction versus helminthic infections. Interleukin 33 acts on group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells macrophages, dendritic cells and CD4 + Th2 cells eliciting a type 2 immune response. Moreover, the cytokine can activate the ST2 of Tregs, demonstrating its ability to downregulate inflammation. IL-33 has also an intracellular function by regulating transcription. The active IL-33 doesn’t have a signal peptide, so it’s not released across a normal secretory pathway; the interleukin is released when the cells are damages and acts like an “alarmin”. Its influence on immune activation could be slightly adjusted via fine epigenetic interactions involving cascade pathways and immune genes. Due to the diverse data emerged from different experimental research, we decided span literature to clarify, as much as possible, how IL-33 is influenced by and influence gene expression. The authors reported how its balance is influenced, according to the tissue considered. Fundamental for immune-related diseases, IL-33 has a key role in controlling inflammation. The understanding of the cytokine switch will be fundamental in a near future in order to block or activate some immune pathways. In fact, we could control interleukins effects not only by monoclonal antibodies but also by using siRNA or miRNAs for silencing or expressing key genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alessandrello C, Gammeri L, Sanfilippo S, Cordiano R, Brunetto S, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. A spotlight on lime: a review about adverse reactions and clinical manifestations due to Citrus aurantiifolia. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 34303384 PMCID: PMC8310597 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) is a plant belonging to the family of Rutaceae and to the genus Citrus. The fruit is widely used in the United States, Mexico, Southeast Asia, Latin America, but is increasingly widespread all over the world. It is used as a fresh fruit, in the preparation of foods, sweets and drinks and its oils are used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The main adverse reactions to lime seem to be represented by contact dermatitis, allergic and phototoxic type. In the context of allergic forms, several allergens have been identified in the citrus family, the main one being limonene, but no noteworthy cross-reactivity has been identified. However, a case of fruit protein contact dermatitis has been described, showing sensitization to other fruits, such as kiwi, avocado, pineapple and apple. There are several molecules responsible for phototoxic reactions and mainly belonging to the coumarin and furocoumarins families. Reactions related to ingesting the fruit or inhaling pollen from the tree appear to be rare, as there are no known cases reported in the literature. The increasing diffusion of lime in Europe must pay attention to possible adverse reactions due to contact with this fruit, which seem destined to increase in future years. Further importance must be placed on patch tests and on the possibility of using alternative extracts to classic fragrance mixes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alessandrello
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Gammeri
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Sanfilippo
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cordiano
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunetto
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Microbiota and microRNAs in lung diseases: mutual influence and role insights. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 24:13000-13008. [PMID: 33378051 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trillions of microbial cells colonize human body both internally and externally. The prevalent amount of these reside in the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiome). Gut microflora support the transformation of food nutrients. The products of this modification processes both modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, and influence other organs such as lung and brain. Recently, it was reported the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) as regulators in different pathways of the innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Latest studies discussed the aptitude of probiotics strains to balance the host immune response at a post-transcriptional level by controlling miRNAs expression. We speculated a model of lung immune regulation driven by the axis microbiota-microRNAs, involving asthma, acute injury, cancer and COPD. Based on this axis, we propose a novel approach based on the modification of microRNAs expression centered not exclusively on antagomiRs but also on microbiota modification in order to further potentiate their therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Casciaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Di Salvo E, Allegra A, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. IL-31, itch and hematological malignancies. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:8. [PMID: 34118946 PMCID: PMC8199420 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms experienced by neoplastic patients. The pathogenesis of neoplastic itch is complex and multifactorial and could be due to an unbalanced production of humoral mediators by altered immune effector cells. IL-31 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by CD4 + T helper cells. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of this Th2 cytokine and its receptor IL-31RA, in the onset of neoplastic pruritus. We analysed scientific literature looking for the most relevant original articles linking IL-31to itch in oncologic diseases. Interleukin-31 seems to be a main itch mediator in several hematologic disease such as Cutaneous T cells lymphomas. In these patients IL-31 was positively linked to itch level, and IL-31 matched with disease stage. IL-31 seems to play an important role in the signalling pathway involved in pruritus, but it is also suggested to play a proinflammatory and immunomodulatory role which could play a part in the progression of the neoplastic disease. Further studies will be fundamental in facing pruritus in oncologic patients, since this problem compromise their quality of life worsening an already critic picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murdaca G, Greco M, Negrini S, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. The Role of Skin and Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Modifications in Skin-Autoimmune Disorders. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:283-290. [PMID: 32787761 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200812222324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human microbiota and immune system are strictly connected to each other. Several studies demonstrated that normal skin and/or gut floral alterations may have negative consequences on disease pathogenesis. Indeed, a strong association between skin and gut microbiota alterations and autoimmune diseases was found. Moreover, a significant interplay between microbiome and miRNAs expression was noticed among several conditions. The aim of this review article is to shed new light on some of the commonest skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, with special regard to epigenetic pathogenetic mechanisms such as miRNAs expression and skin and gut microbiome alterations. Indeed, evidence is still lacking regarding these two factors and their possible interactions. We believe their implications may be crucial for screening, early diagnosis and also therapeutic strategies; therefore, this field could represent a promising challenge for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Navarra M, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020261. [PMID: 33567628 PMCID: PMC7914737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Allegra A, Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. The Impact of Immunological Checkpoint Inhibitors and Targeted Therapy on Chronic Pruritus in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2020; 9:biomedicines9010002. [PMID: 33375183 PMCID: PMC7822170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pruritus may sometimes be a consequential situation to neoplasms, it more frequently emerges after commencing chemotherapy. In this review, we present our analysis of the chemotherapy treatments that most often induce skin changes and itching. After discussing conventional chemotherapies capable of inducing pruritus, we present our evaluation of new drugs such as immunological checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. Although ICIs and targeted therapy are thought to damage tumor cells, these therapies can modify homeostatic events of the epidermis and dermis, causing the occurrence of cutaneous toxicities in treated subjects. In the face of greater efficacy, greater skin toxicity has been reported for most of these drugs. A remarkable aspect of some reports is the presence of a probable correlation between cutaneous toxicity and treatment effectiveness in tumor patients who were treated with novel drugs such as nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Findings from these experiments demonstrate that the occurrence of any grade of skin side effects can be considered as a predictor of a better outcome. In the near future, studies on the relationship between the onset of skin alterations and outcomes could open new perspectives on the treatment of neoplasms through specific target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2364
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cannavò SP, Riso G, Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Giuffrida R, Minciullo PL, Guarneri F, Nettis E, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress involvement in urticaria. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:675-678. [PMID: 32431139 DOI: 10.23812/19-483-12-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Cannavò
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Riso
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Giuffrida
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P L Minciullo
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Guarneri
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Nettis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - S Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruggeri RM, CampennÌ A, Giuffrida G, Casciaro M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S, Trimarchi F, CannavÒ S, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress as a key feature of autoimmune thyroiditis: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:326-344. [PMID: 32969631 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the factors concurring in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Reactive oxygen species are the main expression of oxidative stress in biological systems, and their production can overcome antioxidant defenses ultimately leading to cell damage, apoptosis, and death. The present review was aimed at describing the state of the art of the relationships between oxidative stress and autoimmune thyroiditis. The most used biomarkers of oxidative stress and their correlation with thyroid function are reported. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a search of the literature in the English language starting from 2000, using the following search terms: "Hashimoto thyroiditis," "autoimmune thyroiditis," "hypothyroidism," "hyperthyroidism," "oxidative stress," "oxidants," "antioxidant," "advanced glycation end products." Both clinical studies and animal models were evaluated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Data form clinical studies clearly indicate that the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is shifted towards the oxidative side in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that oxidative stress may be a key event in the pathophysiology of the disease, irrespective of thyroid function. Studies in animal models, such as the NOD.H2h4 mouse, confirm that thyroidal accumulation of ROS plays a role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance represent a key feature of thyroid autoimmunity. Oxidative stress parameters could be used as biochemical markers of chronic inflammation, to better predict the disease evolution along its natural history. Dietary habits and antioxidant supplements may provide protection from autoimmunity, opening new perspectives in the development of more tailored therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Alfredo CampennÌ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria C Barbalace
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore CannavÒ
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giovannetti A, Straface E, Rosato E, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144985. [PMID: 32679721 PMCID: PMC7404317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two main subsets of SSc are recognized: (i) diffuse cutaneous SSc with rapidly progressive fibrosis of the skin, lungs, and other internal organs; and (ii) limited cutaneous SSc, which is dominated by vascular manifestations, with skin and organ fibrosis generally limited and slowly progressing. In spite of intense investigation, both etiology and pathogenesis of SSc are still unknown. Genetic and environmental factors, as well as abnormalities of immune functions, are strongly suggested for etiology, while microvascular abnormalities, immune system activation, and oxidative stress are suggested for the pathogenesis. Recently, it has been found that a multitude of mediators and cytokines are implicated in the fibrotic processes observed in SSc. Among these, a central role could be exerted by “alarmins”, endogenous and constitutively expressed proteins/peptides that function as an intercellular signal defense. This review describes, in a detailed manner, the role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Giovannetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3476138512
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nettis E, Foti C, Ambrifi M, Baiardini I, Bianchi L, Borghi A, Caminati M, Canonica GW, Casciaro M, Colli L, Colombo G, Corazza M, Cristaudo A, De Feo G, De Pita' O, Di Gioacchino M, Di Leo E, Fassio F, Gangemi S, Gatta A, Hansel K, Heffler E, Incorvaia C, Napolitano M, Patruno C, Peveri S, Pigatto PD, Quecchia C, Radice A, Ramirez GA, Romita P, Rongioletti F, Rossi O, Savi E, Senna G, Triggiani M, Zucca M, Maggi E, Stingeni L. Urticaria: recommendations from the Italian Society of Allergology, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and the Italian Society of Allergological, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology. Clin Mol Allergy 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 32390768 PMCID: PMC7201804 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urticaria is a disorder affecting skin and mucosal tissues characterized by the occurrence of wheals, angioedema or both, the latter defining the urticaria-angioedema syndrome. It is estimated that 12–22% of the general population has suffered at least one subtype of urticaria during life, but only a small percentage (estimated at 7.6–16%) has acute urticaria, because it is usually self-limited and resolves spontaneously without requiring medical attention. This makes likely that its incidence is underestimated. The epidemiological data currently available on chronic urticaria in many cases are deeply discordant and not univocal, but a recent Italian study, based on the consultation of a national registry, reports a prevalence of chronic spontaneous urticaria of 0.02% to 0.4% and an incidence of 0.1–1.5 cases/1000 inhabitants/year. Methods We reviewed the recent international guidelines about urticaria and we described a methodologic approach based on classification, pathophysiology, impact on quality of life, diagnosis and prognosis, differential diagnosis and management of all the types of urticaria. Conclusions The aim of the present document from the Italian Society of Allergology, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SIAAIC) and the Italian Society of Allergological, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (SIDAPA) is to provide updated information to all physicians involved in diagnosis and management of urticaria and angioedema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eustachio Nettis
- 1Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari - Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- 2Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Ambrifi
- 3San Gallicano Dermatological Institute -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baiardini
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- 5Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Borghi
- 6Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,8Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- 9School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Colli
- 10Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giselda Colombo
- 11Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- 6Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giulia De Feo
- 12Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ornella De Pita'
- 13Clinical Pathology and Immune Inflammatory Disease of the Skin, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- 14Department of Medicine and Science on Ageing, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Leo
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Unit of Internal Medicine, "F. Miulli" Hospital, Strada Provinciale per Santeramo Km 4.100, Acquaviva Delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Filippo Fassio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- 9School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Gatta
- 14Department of Medicine and Science on Ageing, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Katharina Hansel
- 5Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,8Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Napolitano
- 18Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- 19Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Peveri
- Allergy Department Unit, Piacenza Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Daniele Pigatto
- 10Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Quecchia
- 21Centro "Io e l'Asma", Ospedale dei Bambini, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Radice
- 22Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez
- 11Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Romita
- 2Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Dermatological Clinic/UC of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oliviero Rossi
- 22Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Savi
- Allergy Department Unit, Piacenza Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- 12Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Myriam Zucca
- Dermatological Clinic/UC of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- 24Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- 5Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bertino L, Guarneri F, Cannavò SP, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Oxidative Stress and Atopic Dermatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E196. [PMID: 32111015 PMCID: PMC7139929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic/chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease, with increasing worldwide prevalence. Etiopathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, with a mix of genetic, immunological and environmental aspects. Like in other chronic inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress plays an important pathogenetic role. We reviewed in vivo research studies on humans about oxidative stress and atopic dermatitis. Although sometimes contrasting, overall, they suggest that oxidative stress may have a significant role in atopic dermatitis, but our understanding is still incomplete, at least concerning in vivo data, because of limitations of available literature. Research consists of 33 papers published in 28 years, was not always performed on large study populations, represents a limited number of countries and ethnicities-not always in proportion to their size-and is scattered over multiple papers that, in the majority of cases, cannot be pooled and/or compared because many biomarkers were studied, in different tissues and with different methods. Further, larger studies appear warranted and necessary to shed more light on this aspect of atopic dermatitis, which is important not only to improve our understanding of this disease, but also for potential clinical and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Bertino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.C.)
| | - Serafinella Patrizia Cannavò
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.C.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Di Salvo E, Patella V, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. The leukotriene receptor antagonist Montelukast can induce adverse skin reactions in asthmatic patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 60:101875. [PMID: 31837440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Montelukast the leukotriene receptor antagonist is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes bronchodilation and for this reason it is used to improve inflammatory states in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Montelukast is generally considered a safe drug with the occurrence of a few adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and anti-leucotrienes are usually well-tolerated by adults and young patients. Starting from these premises the purpose of this review is so give un up-to-date scenario about skin adverse reactions due to Montelukast administration. Only few cases were reported during last years, however interestingly some recent reports let us enlarging our ADR data about Montelukast. We decided to divide the paragraph into sections evaluating the following skin lesions: vasculitic lesions, rash, urticaria and angioedema. As described in the results, CSS were the most frequent cases reported, belonging to the Vasculitis category. We speculated several mechanisms leading to the spread of the skin reactions. Montelukast still remains a safe drug used for the treatment of severe and moderate asthma. However, for some reasons still in course of analysis, in rare cases patients could develop ADR. Among these, about half of the patients show skin signs as rash, vescicles, bullous skin, purpura, maculopapular cutis, erythematous exanthema, urticaria and angioedema. Most of these symptoms are a consequence of the onset of a vasculitis as CSS and allergic granulomatous angiitis. In many cases the onset of the reactions happen within the first months of intake. For this reason, the prescribing physicians should be alert for signs, symptoms and genetic predisposition of these skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina Unit, Messina, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Patella
- Division Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine ASL Salerno, "Santa Maria della Speranza" Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Serafinella Patrizia Cannavò
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Riso
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Messina Unit, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Greco F, Inferrera A, La Rocca R, Navarra M, Casciaro M, Grosso G, Gangemi S, Ficarra V, Mirone V. The Potential Role of MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 5:497-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, Saitta S, Sirufo MM, Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Ciccarelli F, Gangemi S. Interleukin-33 serum levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3786. [PMID: 30846811 PMCID: PMC6405990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. So far IL-33 involvement in osteoporotic patients has not yet been studied. IL-33 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which mediates several immune functions; its involvement in a wide range of diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, is now emerging. In view of the crucial role of this cytokine in inflammation and bone remodeling, we measured IL-33 levels in the serum of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In 50 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients and 28 healthy postmenopausal control women, serum IL-33 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In both patients and controls the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels, as well as bone turnover markers, such as C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) were also evaluated. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women IL-33 levels were significantly lower compared to healthy controls (3.53 ± 2.45 vs. 13.72 ± 5.39 pg/ml; P = 0.009) and positively correlated respectively with serum PTH (rho = 0.314; P = 0.026) and P1NP (rho = 0.373; P = 0.011) levels, while a statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between serum IL-33 and CTX levels (rho = -0.455; P = 0.002). Our results thus suggest that IL-33 represents an important bone-protecting cytokine which may be of therapeutic benefit in treating bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ginaldi
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Saitta
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fedra Ciccarelli
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Allegra A, Musolino C, Pace E, Innao V, Di Salvo E, Ferraro M, Casciaro M, Spatari G, Tartarisco G, Allegra AG, Gangemi S. Evaluation of the AGE/sRAGE Axis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030055. [PMID: 30836666 PMCID: PMC6466542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycative stress influences tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advanced glycation end products/soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE/sRAGE) axis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Blood samples were taken from 19 patients affected by MM and from 16 sex-matched and age-matched healthy subjects. AGE and sRAGE axis were dosed in patients with MM and matched with controls. AGEs were measured by spectrofluorimetric methods. Blood samples for the determination of sRAGE were analyzed by ELISA. AGE levels were significantly reduced in patients with respect to controls. Instead, sRAGE was significantly elevated in patients affected by MM compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we showed that there was a statistically significant difference in sRAGE according to the heavy and light chain. IgA lambda had significantly higher sRAGE values than IgA kappa, IgG kappa, and IgG Lambda MM patients. From our data emerges the role of the sRAGE/AGE axis in MM. Since AGE is a positive regulator of the activity of RAGE, circulating sRAGE concentrations may reflect RAGE expression and may be raised in parallel with serum AGE concentrations as a counter-system against AGE-caused tissue damage. Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE could therefore become potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Casciaro M, Navarra M, Inferrera G, Liotta M, Gangemi S, Minciullo PL. PPI adverse drugs reactions: a retrospective study. Clin Mol Allergy 2019; 17:1. [PMID: 30675130 PMCID: PMC6337765 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-019-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs capable of blocking the gastric pump H,K-ATPase in order to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and esomeprazole belong to PPIs category. Although PPIs have a good safety profile, allergic reactions to these molecules can occur. The real rate of hypersensitive reactions to PPIs is unknown. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the rate of hypersensitive reactions to PPIs in patients admitted to our Unit between 2008 and 2013 with a history of drug hypersensitivity. From a database of 1229 patients (921 women, 308 men) with adverse drug reaction we extrapolated the data about PPI reactions. Twelve patients (10 female, 2 men) had a positive history for hypersensitive reaction to PPI. Pantoprazole was the most frequently PPI involved. Based on patient personal history in some cases we performed an oral challenge test for an alternative anti-acid drug and none of them had adverse reactions. According to our experience and according to the literature and pharmacovigilance reports, ADR caused by PPIs are ever increasing. Adverse reactions to these drugs are still under-reported; however, considering the frequency of their prescription worldwide, the risk of severe allergic events is low. Further studies are needed to provide clearer data on the real incidence and prevalence about this matter. This should be useful to help physician in choosing the molecule to prescribe and, in case of hypersensitivity, the alternative molecule to test, also considering the possible cross-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- 1School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- 2Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Marta Liotta
- 1School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- 1School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- 1School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cannavò SP, Tonacci A, Bertino L, Casciaro M, Borgia F, Gangemi S. The role of oxidative stress in the biology of melanoma: A systematic review. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
35
|
Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S, Genovese L, Gangemi S. Do Alarmins Have a Potential Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders Pathogenesis and Progression? Biomolecules 2018; 9:E2. [PMID: 30577568 PMCID: PMC6358895 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a disabling condition in early childhood. A number of risk factors were proposed in order to explain their pathogenesis. A multifactorial model was proposed, and data supported the implication of genetic and environmental factors. One of the most accepted speculations is the existence of an imbalance of the immune system. Altered levels of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins were demonstrated in patients with ASDs; in particular, proinflammatory mediators were significantly increased. Alarmins are a multifunctional heterogeneous group of proteins, structurally belonging to specific cells or incorporated by them. They are released in the surrounding tissues as a consequence of cell damage or inflammation. Their functions are multiple as they could activate innate immunity or recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells stimulating an adaptive response. Alarmins are interesting both for understanding the inflammatory process and for diagnostic purposes as biomarkers. Moreover, recent studies, separately, showed that alarmins like interleukin (IL)-33, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat-shock protein (HSP) and S100 protein (S100) could play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of ASDs. According to the literature, some of these alarmins could be suitable as biomarkers of inflammation in ASD. Other alarmins, by interfering with the immune system blocking pro-inflammatory mediators, could be the key for ameliorating symptoms and behaviours in autistic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Messina 98122, Italy.
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina 98164, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy.
| | | | - Lucrezia Genovese
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Messina 98122, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ricciardi L, Furci F, Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Cristani M, Tigano V, Minciullo PL, Gangemi S. Drug induced Kounis syndrome: does oxidative stress play a role? Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:21. [PMID: 30305804 PMCID: PMC6166286 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kounis syndrome (KS) has been described as the coincidental occurrence of acute coronary syndromes during an allergic reaction with cardiac anaphylaxis. It is caused by inflammatory mediators released after exposure to drugs, food, environmental and other triggers. Oxidative stress occurring in various inflammatory disorders causes molecular damage with the production of advanced oxidation products (AOPPs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Case presentation Markers of oxidative stress were evaluated in a patient who had experienced KS after antibiotic administration in order to investigate the possible role of these molecules in KS. No data, up to now, are available on biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with drug-induced KS. Conclusions AOPPs, but not AGEs, were significantly increased in the KS affected patient compared to controls as already reported in mastocytosis affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ricciardi
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiana Furci
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- 2Messina Unit, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- 3Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Tigano
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G.Martino" Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Brizzi T, Rodolico C, Gangemi S. Involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune disorders. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:11. [PMID: 29743819 PMCID: PMC5930861 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNA represent a great family of small non-condign ribonucleic acid molecules; in particular microRNA-126 is an important member of this family and is expressed in many human cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial and lung cells. Some studies have shown the implication of miR-126 in cancer, but recently significant progresses have also been made in determining the role of miR-126 regulating immune-related diseases; probably, in a near future, they could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, so as to offer innovative therapies. RESULTS According literature, it was concluded that miRNAs, especially miR-126, are involved in many pathologies and that their expression levels increase in autoimmune diseases because they interfere with the transcription of the proteins involved. Since microRNAs can be detected from several biological sources, they may be attractive as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity of various diseases. In fact, once confirmed the involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, it was speculated that it could be used as a promising biomarker. These discovers implicate that miR-126 have a central role in many pathways leading to the development and sustain of autoimmune diseases. Its key role make this microRNA a potential therapeutic target in autoimmunity. CONCLUSION Although miR-126 relevant role in several immune-related diseases, further studies are needed to clear its molecular mechanisms; the final step of these novel researches could be the blockage or the prevention of the diseases onset by creating of new targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Brizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gangemi S, Manti S, Procopio V, Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Cutrupi M, Ganci G, Salpietro C, Chimenz R, Cuppari C. Lack of clear and univocal genotype-phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever patients: A systematic review. Clin Genet 2018; 94:81-94. [PMID: 29393966 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease. To date, following the isolation of more than 280 MEFV sequence variants, the genotype-phenotype correlation in FMF patients has been intensively investigated; however, an univocal and clear consensus has not been yet reached. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature findings in order to provide to scientific community an indirect estimation of the impact of genetic factors on the phenotypic variability of FMF. This systematic review has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The p.M694V mutation was reported to have a relatively severe clinical course, similarly, patients homozygous for M694I and M680I, or carrying a combination of both at codons 694 and 680, have a severe disease. Also, patients homozygous for M694V and V726A variants experienced more severe clinical picture. Conversely, heterozygous p.V726A and p.E148Q genotypes have been correlated with a milder disease course. At present, doubts remain on the potential pathogenic role of E148Q variant. The heterogenity in clinical FMF manifestations reflects the changes occuring in repertoire of mutations. We believe that clinical criteria and gene tests, enhancing each other, could better support the diagnosis of FMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Procopio
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Di Salvo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Cutrupi
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Ganci
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, University School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Imbalzano E, Mandraffino G, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S, Saitta A, Gangemi S. Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic role of S100 proteins in cardiac failure: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 21:463-73. [PMID: 26833319 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins involved in calcium handling in many tissues and organs. Some of these proteins are highly expressed in cardiac tissue, and an impairment of some specific S100 proteins has been related to heart failure. To check this hypothesis, we decided to review the literature since 2008 until May 2015. According to the studies collected, recovering S100A1 levels may enhance contractile/relaxing performance in heart failure, reverse negative force-frequency relationship, improve contractile reserve, reverse diastolic dysfunction and protect against pro-arrhythmic reductions of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium. The safety profile of gene therapy was also confirmed. Increased S100B protein levels were related to a worse outcome in chronic heart failure. S100A8/A9 complex plasma levels, as well as other inflammatory biomarkers, were significantly higher in chronic heart failure patients. S100A2 seems to increase both contractile and relaxation performance in animal cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, S100A6 cardiac expression seems to have no effects on contractility. S100A4 KO mice showed reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Data collected encourage a potential prospective application in human. These proteins could be exploited as biomarkers in stadiation and prognosis of chronic heart failure, as well as therapeutic target to rescue failing heart. Registration details The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) under registration number CRD42015027932.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) - Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ventura MT, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Buquicchio R. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 29259496 PMCID: PMC5731094 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosenescence is a relatively recent chapter, correlated with the linear extension of the average life began in the nineteenth century and still in progress. The most important feature of immunosenescence is the accumulation in the “immunological space” of memory and effector cells as a result of the stimulation caused by repeated clinical and subclinical infections and by continuous exposure to antigens (inhalant allergens, food, etc.). This state of chronic inflammation that characterizes senescence has a significant impact on survival and fragility. In fact, the condition of frail elderly occurs less frequently in situations characterized by poor contact with viral infections and parasitic diseases. Furthermore the immunosenescence is characterized by a particular “remodelling” of the immune system, induced by oxidative stress. Apoptosis plays a central role in old age, a period in which the ability of apoptosis can change. The remodelling of apoptosis, together with the Inflammaging and the up-regulation of the immune response with the consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory lymphokines represents the major determinant of the rate of aging and longevity, as well as of the most common diseases related with age and with tumors. Other changes occur in the innate immunity, the first line of defence providing rapid, but unspecific and incomplete protection, consisting mostly of monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, acting up to the establishment of a adaptive immune response, which is slower, but highly specific, which cellular substrate consists of T and B lymphocytes. The markers of “Inflammaging” in adaptive immunity in centenarians are characterized by a decrease in T cells “naive.” The reduction of CD8 virgins may be related to the risk of morbidity and death, as well as the combination of the increase of CD8+ cells and reduction of CD4+ T cells and the reduction of CD19+ B cells. The immune function of the elderly is weakened to due to the exhaustion of T cell-virgin (CD95−), which are replaced with the clonal expansion of CD28-T cells. Conclusions The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes type 2, sarcopenia and a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A correct modulation of immune responses and apoptotic phenomena can be useful to reduce age-related degenerative diseases, as well as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare no 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Buquicchio
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Pace E, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Navarra M, Gangemi S. Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review. Immun Ageing 2017; 14:21. [PMID: 29163665 PMCID: PMC5686828 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an agglomerate of biological long-lasting processes that result being inevitable. Main actors in this scenario are both long-term inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been proved that oxidative stress induce alteration in proteins and this fact itself is critically important in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to diseases typical of aging. Among reactive species, chlorine ones such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are cytotoxic oxidants produced by activated neutrophils during chronic inflammation processes. HOCl can also cause damages by reacting with biological molecules. HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and augmented serum levels of MPO have been described in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in cardiovascular patients and has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions, and some cancers. Due to these data, we decided to conduct an up-to-date review evaluating chlorinative stress effects on every age-related disease linked; potential anti-oxidant countermeasures were also assessed. Results obtained associated HOCl generation to the aging processes and confirmed its connection with diseases like neurodegenerative and cardiovascular pathologies, atherosclerosis and cancer; chlorination was mainly linked to diseases where molecular (protein) alteration constitute the major suspected cause: i.e. inflammation, tissue lesions, DNA damages, apoptosis and oxidative stress itself. According data collected, a healthy lifestyle together with some dietary suggestion and/or the administration of nutracetical antioxidant integrators could balance the effects of chlorinative stress and, in some cases, slow down or prevent the onset of age-releated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- IBIM-CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- IBIM-CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gangemi S, Quartuccio S, Casciaro M, Trapani G, Minciullo PL, Imbalzano E. Interleukin 31 and skin diseases: A systematic review. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017; 38:401-408. [PMID: 29046191 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pathophysiology of pruritus has been extensively studied in recent years, with many resultant advancements, management of pruritus is still enigmatic, particularly in chronic cutaneous diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and uremic pruritus. The recent finding of the involvement of interleukin (IL) 31 in the pathogenesis of chronic pruritus has provided a novel approach to the management of chronic inflammatory skin disorders. The present report provided an in-depth overview of the role of IL-31 in chronic skin diseases and the possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the management of these diseases. METHODS A systematic review of IL-31 was conducted by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS A review of a total of 45 published research articles revealed that the majority of these articles focused on the role of IL-31 in causation of pruritus and in the worsening of the disease in atopic dermatitis. Other publications examined interleukin in other pruritic diseases (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, uremic pruritus, allergic contact dermatitis, chronic urticaria). In almost every disease, IL-31 levels were reported to be correlated with the pathology and often with pruritus. The cutaneous injection of IL-31 resulted in a long-lasting itching sensation, and the use of monoclonal antibodies that targeted IL-31 led to a reduction in pruritus. CONCLUSION The use of monoclonal antibodies against mediators involved in the pathogenesis of chronic skin diseases has shown promising results. Antibodies that target IL-31, in particular, its receptor A, showed interesting results in atopic dermatitis and decreased pruritus. In subsequent years, the use of these new therapeutic strategies could change the scenario of pruritic skin diseases. However, further studies are needed to more rigorously examine the effects of IL-31 cascade blockage in different chronic skin diseases and to confirm efficacy and the safety of these new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Background Recently, some studies demonstrated that HMGB1, as proinflammatory mediator belonging to the alarmin family, has a key role in different acute and chronic immune disorders. Asthma is a complex disease characterised by recurrent and reversible airflow obstruction associated to airway hyper-responsiveness and airway inflammation. Objective This literature review aims to analyse advances on HMGB1 role, employment and potential diagnostic application in asthma. Methods We reviewed experimental studies that investigated the pathogenetic role of HMGB in bronchial airway hyper-responsiveness, inflammation and the correlation between HMGB1 level and asthma. Results A total of 19 studies assessing the association between HMGB1 and asthma were identified. Conclusions What emerged from this literature review was the confirmation of HMGB-1 involvement in diseases characterised by chronic inflammation, especially in pulmonary pathologies. Findings reported suggest a potential role of the alarmin in being a stadiation method and a marker of therapeutic efficacy; finally, inhibiting HMGB1 in humans in order to contrast inflammation should be the aim for future further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- IBIM-CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Crea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Minciullo PL, Calapai G, Navarra M, Gangemi S. Involvement of microRNAs in skin disorders: A literature review. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017; 38:9-15. [PMID: 28052797 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression after transcription. It is known that miRNAs are involved in various cellular processes of both normal and diseased skin. Recently, differential expressions of miRNAs have been reported and associated with several immunologic and inflammatory disorders, which indicate a common role in fundamental biologic processes. OBJECTIVE To collect and review data from the literature on involvement of miRNA in inflammatory skin disorders. METHODS A bibliographic search of scientific literature was carried out independently by two researchers in scientific data bases and search engines. The MeSH terms used were the following: "microRNAs" combined with "skin," "dermatitis," "urticaria," "eczema," "hypersensitivity." All research articles from inception until April 2016 were considered. RESULTS A total of 11 research articles on the study of miRNAs in inflammatory skin disorders (atopic dermatitis, delayed-type hypersensitivity, eczema, toxic epidermal necrolysis) were identified. All the studies confirmed the main role of endogenous noncoding RNAs in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, eczema, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. CONCLUSION The miRNAs seem to influence regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in both inducing and contrasting acute and chronic skin inflammation. They also seem to be useful instruments in identifying and staging diseases such as dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases. Also, the potential application of miRNAs in genetic therapies demonstrated its efficacy on animal models.
Collapse
|
45
|
Loffredo L, Cangemi R, Perri L, Catasca E, Calvieri C, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Equitani F, Ferro D, Violi F, Battaglia S, Bertazzoni G, Biliotti E, Bucci T, Calabrese CM, Casciaro M, Celestini A, De Angelis M, De Marzio P, Esvan R, Falcone M, Fazi L, Sulekova LF, Franchi C, Giordo L, Grieco S, Manzini E, Marinelli P, Mordenti M, Morelli S, Palange P, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Capparuccia MR, Romiti GF, Rossi E, Ruscio E, Russo A, Scarpellini MG, Solimando L, Taliani G, Trapè S, Toriello F. Impaired flow-mediated dilation in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 36:74-80. [PMID: 27727076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is complicated by cardiovascular events as myocardial infarction and stroke but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction may be implicated and that endotoxemia may have a role. METHODS Fifty patients with CAP and 50 controls were enrolled. At admission and at discharge, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), serum levels of endotoxins and oxidative stress, as assessed by serum levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and isoprostanes, were studied. RESULTS At admission, a significant difference between patients with CAP and controls was observed for FMD (2.1±0.3 vs 4.0±0.3%, p<0.001), serum endotoxins (157.8±7.6 vs 33.1±4.8pg/ml), serum isoprostanes (341±14 vs 286±10 pM, p=0.009) and NOx (24.3±1.1 vs 29.7±2.2μM). Simple linear correlation analysis showed that serum endotoxins significantly correlated with Pneumonia Severity Index score (Rs=0.386, p=0.006). Compared to baseline, at discharge CAP patients showed a significant increase of FMD and NOx (from 2.1±0.3 to 4.6±0.4%, p<0.001 and from 24.3±1.1 to 31.1±1.5μM, p<0.001, respectively) and a significant decrease of serum endotoxins and isoprostanes (from 157.8±7.6 to 55.5±2.3pg/ml, p<0.001, and from 341±14 to 312±14 pM, p<0.001, respectively). Conversely, no changes for FMD, NOx, serum endotoxins and isoprostanes were observed in controls between baseline and discharge. Changes of FMD significantly correlated with changes of serum endotoxins (Rs=-0.315; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first evidence that CAP is characterized by impaired FMD with a mechanism potentially involving endotoxin production and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perri
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Catasca
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Calvieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Equitani
- Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Battaglia
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bertazzoni
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Biliotti
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Myriam Calabrese
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Celestini
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Angelis
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Marzio
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rozenn Esvan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fazi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Franchi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Giordo
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Grieco
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Manzini
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Mordenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morelli
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rivano Capparuccia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Francesco Romiti
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ruscio
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Scarpellini
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Solimando
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Trapè
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Toriello
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Imbalzano E, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S, Minciullo PL, Cascio A, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Association between urticaria and virus infections: A systematic review. Allergy Asthma Proc 2016; 37:18-22. [PMID: 26637522 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between urticaria and virus infections has rarely been reported in the literature. The lack of reported cases is probably due to the difficulty in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. It is not possible to challenge the patient with an etiologic agent. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to perform a systematic review on the association between urticaria and virus infections. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched for articles from January 1, 2008, through May 2015, by using two key terms related to urticaria and virus diseases, "urticaria" and one key term related to virus infections, "virus disease," then "urticaria" and the name of each virus family, and of the most representative virus serotypes. RESULTS We reported cases of patients affected either by acute or chronic urticaria with a concurrent virus infection. Previous other causes of urticaria had to be excluded. Herpesviridae infections and urticaria were the most frequently reported associations in children. However, hepatitis virus infections would appear to be the most-frequent cause of urticaria in adults. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained indicated viral infection as a potential trigger and sometimes as the main etiologic agent in causing acute or chronic urticaria. In every case, urticarial manifestation cleared up after either healing or controlling of the viral infection. However, prospective studies and well-structured research is needed to better clarify the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of urticaria and their relative prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cangemi R, Calvieri C, Falcone M, Bucci T, Bertazzoni G, Scarpellini MG, Barillà F, Taliani G, Violi F, Battaglia S, Biliotti E, Calabrese CM, Casciaro M, De Angelis M, De Marzio P, Esvan R, Fazi L, Sulekova LF, Franchi C, Giordo L, Grieco S, Manzini E, Marinelli P, Mordenti M, Morelli S, Palange P, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Capparuccia MR, Romiti GF, Rossi E, Ruscio E, Russo A, Solimando L, Trapè S, Toriello F. Relation of Cardiac Complications in the Early Phase of Community-Acquired Pneumonia to Long-Term Mortality and Cardiovascular Events. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:647-51. [PMID: 26089009 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is complicated by cardiac events in the early phase of the disease. Aim of this study was to assess if these intrahospital cardiac complications may account for overall mortality and cardiovascular events occurring during a long-term follow-up. Three hundred one consecutive patients admitted to the University-Hospital, Policlinico Umberto I, with community-acquired pneumonia were prospectively recruited and followed up for a median of 17.4 months. Primary end point was the occurrence of death for any cause, and secondary end point was the occurrence of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke). During the intrahospital stay, 55 patients (18%) experienced a cardiac complication. Of these, 32 had an MI (29 non-ST-elevation MI and 3 ST-elevation MI) and 30 had a new episode of atrial fibrillation (7 nonmutually exclusive events). During the follow-up, 89 patients died (51% of patients with an intrahospital cardiac complication and 26% of patients without, p <0.001) and 73 experienced a cardiovascular event (47% of patients with and 19% of patients without an intrahospital cardiac complication, p <0.001). A Cox regression analysis showed that intrahospital cardiac complications, age, and Pneumonia Severity Index were significantly associated with overall mortality, whereas intrahospital cardiac complications, age, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with cardiovascular events during the follow-up. In conclusion, this prospective study shows that intrahospital cardiac complications in the early phase of pneumonia are associated with an enhanced risk of death and cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up.
Collapse
|
48
|
Cangemi R, Casciaro M, Rossi E, Calvieri C, Bucci T, Calabrese CM, Taliani G, Falcone M, Palange P, Bertazzoni G, Farcomeni A, Grieco S, Pignatelli P, Violi F. Platelet activation is associated with myocardial infarction in patients with pneumonia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1917-25. [PMID: 25444147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Troponins may be elevated in patients with pneumonia, but associations with myocardial infarction (MI) and with platelet activation are still undefined. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between troponin elevation and in vivo markers of platelet activation in the early phase of hospitalization of patients affected by community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS A total of 278 consecutive patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, who were followed up until discharge, were included. At admission, platelet activation markers such as plasma soluble P-selectin, soluble CD40 ligand, and serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were measured. Serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and electrocardiograms were obtained every 12 and 24 h, respectively. RESULTS Among 144 patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, 31 had signs of MI and 113 did not. Baseline plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand and serum TxB2 were significantly higher in patients who developed signs of MI. Logistic regression analysis showed plasma soluble CD40 ligand (p < 0.001) and soluble P-selectin (p < 0.001), serum TxB2 (p = 0.030), mean platelet volume (p = 0.037), Pneumonia Severity Index score (p = 0.030), and ejection fraction (p = 0.001) to be independent predictors of MI. There were no significant differences in MI rate between the 123 patients (45%) taking aspirin (100 mg/day) and those who were not aspirin treated (12% vs. 10%; p = 0.649). Aspirin-treated patients with MIs had higher serum TxB2 compared with those without MIs (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS MI is an early complication of pneumonia and is associated with in vivo platelet activation and serum TxB2 overproduction; aspirin 100 mg/day seems insufficient to inhibit thromboxane biosynthesis. (MACCE in Hospitalized Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia; NCT01773863).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Calvieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Taliani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bertazzoni
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Grieco
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Calapai G, Casciaro M, Miroddi M, Calapai F, Navarra M, Gangemi S. Montelukast-induced adverse drug reactions: a review of case reports in the literature. Pharmacology 2014; 94:60-70. [PMID: 25196099 DOI: 10.1159/000366164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Montelukast, a leucotriene receptor antagonist, binds the cysteinyl leucotriene type 1 receptor. Montelukast is commonly prescribed to asthma patients as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids. Several clinical trials emphasized that montelukast can be considered a safe drug. However, recent evidence reconsidered the benefit/risk ratio of the use of montelukast for both paediatric and adult patients. SUMMARY The present review analyzed the previous published case reports regarding montelukast-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). They included agitation, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, hallucinations, suicidal thinking and suicidality, tremor, dizziness, drowsiness, neuropathies and seizures. The immune system can be involved, in particular, cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome have been published. Furthermore, it can induce hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and eosinophilic infiltration. In addition, hepatobiliary, pancreatic and uropoietic disorders have been observed. Some of these cases are characterized by severe prognosis (i.e. neurological deficit and fatal hepatotoxicity). Key Message: The use of montelukast can be burdened by several ADRs, of which physicians should be aware in their clinical practice. A better understanding of the mechanisms causing ADRs after using montelukast could help researchers and clinicians in defining a risk-reduction strategy aimed to lessen montelukast toxicity. More accurate epidemiological studies, in order to discover risk factors favouring montelukast-associated ADRs, are demanded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Calapai
- School and Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cangemi R, Calvieri C, Bucci T, Carnevale R, Casciaro M, Rossi E, Calabrese CM, Taliani G, Grieco S, Falcone M, Palange P, Bertazzoni G, Celestini A, Pignatelli P, Violi F. Is NOX2 upregulation implicated in myocardial injury in patients with pneumonia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2949-54. [PMID: 24328853 PMCID: PMC4038979 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress could be implicated in myocardial damage during the acute phase of pneumonia. NOX2 activation, the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) elevation have been analyzed in two hundred forty-eight consecutive patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Serum NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), a marker of NOX2 activation, and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), a marker of oxidative stress, were measured upon admission; serum hs-cTnT and ECG were measured every 12 and 24 h, respectively. One hundred thirty-five patients (54%) showed elevated serum levels of hs-cTnT (>0.014 μg/L). A logistic regression analysis showed sNOX2-dp (p<0.001), Pneumonia Severity Index score (p<0.001), renal failure (p=0.024), and ejection fraction (p<0.001) as independent predictors of elevated serum levels of hs-cTnT. Serum sNOX2-dp was linearly correlated with hs-cTnT (Rs=0.538; p<0.001) and 8-iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.354; p<0.001). The study provides the first evidence of a significant association between serum cardiac Troponin T elevation and NOX2 upregulation in patients with pneumonia. This finding raises the hypothesis that NOX2-derived oxidative stress may be implicated in myocardial injury and that its inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy to limit it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cangemi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|