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Das D, Sarkar S, Borsingh Wann S, Kalita J, Manna P. Current perspectives on the anti-inflammatory potential of fermented soy foods. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110922. [PMID: 35181093 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soy foods (FSF) are gaining significant attention due to promising health benefits. In recent years, FSF are being studied extensively due to the presence of diverse functional ingredients including active isoflavones and peptides along with essential micronutrients. The process of fermentation is responsible for the enrichment of various bioactive principles in soy-based fermented foods and exclusion of some anti-nutrient factors which are found predominantly in raw soybeans. Emerging evidence suggests that FSF possess immense therapeutic potential against inflammation and associated pathological complications. Extracts prepared from various FSF (e.g. fermented soy paste, milk, and sauce) were found to exert promising anti-inflammatory effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo settings. Moreover, clinical findings highlighted an inverse relationship between consumption of FSF and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders among the communities which habitually consume fermented soy products. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of FSF have been delineated in many literatures which collectively suggest that FSF extracts have regulatory actions over the expression and/or activity of several proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, and some other factors involved in the inflammatory pathways. The present review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of FSF with mechanistic insights based upon the available findings from cell culture, preclinical, and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
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γ-PGA-Rich Chungkookjang, Short-Term Fermented Soybeans: Prevents Memory Impairment by Modulating Brain Insulin Sensitivity, Neuro-Inflammation, and the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020221. [PMID: 33494481 PMCID: PMC7911192 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented soybean paste is an indigenous food for use in cooking in East and Southeast Asia. Korea developed and used its traditional fermented foods two thousand years ago. Chungkookjang has unique characteristics such as short-term fermentation (24–72 h) without salt, and fermentation mostly with Bacilli. Traditionally fermented chungkookjang (TFC) is whole cooked soybeans that are fermented predominantly by Bacillus species. However, Bacillus species are different in the environment according to the regions and seasons due to the specific bacteria. Bacillus species differently contribute to the bioactive components of chungkookjang, resulting in different functionalities. In this review, we evaluated the production process of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-rich chungkookjang fermented with specific Bacillus species and their effects on memory function through the modulation of brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and the gut–microbiome–brain axis. Bacillus species were isolated from the TFC made in Sunchang, Korea, and they included Bacillus (B.) subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. amyloliquefaciens. Chungkookjang contains isoflavone aglycans, peptides, dietary fiber, γ-PGA, and Bacillus species. Chungkookjangs made with B. licheniformis and B. amyloliquefaciens have higher contents of γ-PGA, and they are more effective for improving glucose metabolism and memory function. Chungkookjang has better efficacy for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress than other fermented soy foods. Insulin sensitivity is improved, not only in systemic organs such as the liver and adipose tissues, but also in the brain. Chungkookjang intake prevents and alleviates memory impairment induced by Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia. This review suggests that the intake of chungkookjang (20–30 g/day) rich in γ-PGA acts as a synbiotic in humans and promotes memory function by suppressing brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation and by modulating the gut–microbiome–brain axis.
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Sun S, Du Y, Yin C, Suo X, Wang R, Xia R, Zhang X. Water-separated part of Chloranthus serratus alleviates lipopolysaccharide- induced RAW264.7 cell injury mainly by regulating the MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 inflammatory pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:343. [PMID: 31791318 PMCID: PMC6888926 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Chloranthus serratus (Chloranthaceae) has been used to treat bruises, rheumatoid and bone pain. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of C. serratus in vitro have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity and potential mechanisms of C. serratus’s separated part of water (CSSPW) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Methods The concentrations of CSSPW were optimized by CCK-8 method. Nitric oxide (NO) content was detected by one-step method. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Immunofluorescence and DCFH-DA fluorescent probes were used to detect p65 nuclear translocation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, respectively. Western blotting was used to assay the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2/haem oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathways. Results The final concentrations of 15 ng/mL, 1.5 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL were selected as low, medium and high doses of CSSPW, respectively. CSSPW treatment significantly reduced the generation of NO, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandinE2 (PGE2), iNOS mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in response to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, the protein expression of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways was suppressed by CSSPW treatment, as well as p65 nuclear translocation and ROS production. In contrast, the protein expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was markedly upregulated. Conclusions CSSPW exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via downregulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, as well as activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
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Gao C, Wang F, Yuan L, Liu J, Sun D, Li X. Physicochemical property, antioxidant activity, and cytoprotective effect of the germinated soybean proteins. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:120-131. [PMID: 30680165 PMCID: PMC6341154 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate germination can improve the nutritional value and bioactivity of soybeans; however, few studies have assessed the effect of germination on soybean proteins. This study examined the physicochemical property, antioxidation, and cytoprotective effect of the germinated soybean proteins (Gsp). Gsp was extracted from soybeans which germinated for 0-3 days using the method of alkali-solution and acid-isolation extraction. The results showed that germination could digest soybean proteins into the smaller molecules; enhance the degree of hydrolysis, emulsifiability, and foaming capacity; increase the removal rate of ABTS, DPPH, O 2 - ˙, and ˙OH radical; and decrease the reducing power and lipid peroxidation of Gsp. Additionally, Gsp was able to protect HL-7702 human hepatocyte cells against benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced cytotoxicity through mediating the cell cycle arrest, suppressing apoptosis, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This work demonstrated that germination could enhance the physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of Gsp, which also displayed the remarkable cytoprotective effect. This study provided a fundamental basis for substantiating dietary of Gsp used for resistance to oxidation and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Gao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAASBeijingChina
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dan Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
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Lee HA, Song BR, Kim HR, Kim JE, Yun WB, Park JJ, Lee ML, Choi JY, Lee HS, Hwang DY. Butanol extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis fermented with Weissella cibaria inhibit iNOS-mediated COX-2 induction pathway and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4986-4994. [PMID: 29201203 PMCID: PMC5704323 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots of Asparagus cochinchinesis have been widely used to treat fever, cough, kidney disease, breast cancer, inflammatory and brain disease, although the effects of their fermented products have not been assessed until now. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages of a butanol extract from A. cochinchinensis roots fermented with Weissella cibaria (BAW), alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction pathway and inflammatory cytokine expression were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells following pretreatment with BAW. Briefly, W. cibaria was selected from two bacterial strains for the fermentation of A. cochinchinensis roots based on its hyaluronidase inhibition and NO suppression rates. Following fermentation with W. cibaria, the level of various key components including total phenols and protodioscin were significantly enhanced in BAW. In addition, BAW exhibited high free radical scavenging activity (IC50=31.62 µg/ml) and induced a decrease of intracellular ROS production in RAW264.7 cells following DCFH-DA staining. Significant suppressions in the expression level of important members of the iNOS-mediated COX-2 induction pathway and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase members were detected. The expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were recovered in BAW pretreated RAW264.7 cells. Overall, these results suggest that BAW may suppress inflammatory responses through differential regulation of the iNOS-mediated COX-2 induction pathway and inflammatory cytokine expressions in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Lim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706, Republic of Korea
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Zou C, Wang P, Xu Y. Bulked sample analysis in genetics, genomics and crop improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1941-55. [PMID: 26990124 PMCID: PMC5043468 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological assay has been based on analysis of all individuals collected from sample populations. Bulked sample analysis (BSA), which works with selected and pooled individuals, has been extensively used in gene mapping through bulked segregant analysis with biparental populations, mapping by sequencing with major gene mutants and pooled genomewide association study using extreme variants. Compared to conventional entire population analysis, BSA significantly reduces the scale and cost by simplifying the procedure. The bulks can be built by selection of extremes or representative samples from any populations and all types of segregants and variants that represent wide ranges of phenotypic variation for the target trait. Methods and procedures for sampling, bulking and multiplexing are described. The samples can be analysed using individual markers, microarrays and high-throughput sequencing at all levels of DNA, RNA and protein. The power of BSA is affected by population size, selection of extreme individuals, sequencing strategies, genetic architecture of the trait and marker density. BSA will facilitate plant breeding through development of diagnostic and constitutive markers, agronomic genomics, marker-assisted selection and selective phenotyping. Applications of BSA in genetics, genomics and crop improvement are discussed with their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zou
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingxi Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
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Chen L, Yu J. Modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling in innate immunity by natural products. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:65-70. [PMID: 26899347 PMCID: PMC4916003 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, natural products and their derivatives have provided a rich source of compounds for the development of new immunotherapies in the treatment of human disease. Many of these compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials, particularly as anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer agents. However, the function and mechanism of natural products in how they interact with our immune system has yet to be extensively explored. Natural immune modulators may provide the key to control and ultimately defeat disorders affecting the immune system. They can either up- or down-regulate the immune response with few undesired adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements made in utilizing natural products for immunomodulation and their important molecular targets, members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Daily JW, Park S, Lee YE. Microbiome and Beyond: Non-Viable Food Microbes and Human Health. J Med Food 2015; 18:1289-90. [PMID: 26679041 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.28999.yel] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James W Daily
- 1 Daily Manufacturing Inc. , Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunmin Park
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University , Asan, Cungnam, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Lee
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea.,4 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Park S, Kim DS, Kang S, Moon BR. Fermented soybeans, Chungkookjang, prevent hippocampal cell death and β-cell apoptosis by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in gerbils with transient artery occlusion. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:296-307. [PMID: 26468168 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215606811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Chungkookjang, a short-term fermented soybean, is known to improve glucose metabolism and antioxidant activity, it may prevent the neurological symptoms and glucose disturbance induced by artery occlusion. We investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of traditional (TFC) and standardized Chungkookjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis (BLFC) against ischemia/reperfusion damage in the hippocampal CA1 region and against hyperglycemia after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Gerbils were subjected to either an occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 8 min to render them ischemic or a sham operation. Ischemic gerbils were fed either a 40% fat diet containing 10% of either cooked soybean (CSB), TFC, or BLFC for 28 days. Neuronal cell death and cytokine expression in the hippocampus, neurological deficit, serum cytokine levels, and glucose metabolism were measured. TFC and BLFC contained more isoflavonoid aglycones than CSB. Artery occlusion increased the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region and induced severe neurological symptoms. CSB, TFC, and BLFC prevented the neuronal cell death and the symptoms such as dropped eyelid, bristling hair, reduced muscle tone and flexor reflex, and abnormal posture and walking patterns, and suppressed cytokine expressions. CSB was less effective than TFC and BLFC. Artery occlusion induced glucose intolerance due to decreased insulin secretion and β-cell mass. TFC and BLFC prevented the impairment of glucose metabolism by artery occlusion. Especially TFC and BLFC increased β-cell proliferation and suppressed the β-cell apoptosis by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β which in turn decreased cleaved caspase-3 that caused apoptosis. In conclusion, TFC and BLFC may prevent and alleviate neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region and neurological symptoms and poststroke hyperglycemia in gerbils with artery occlusion. This might be associated with increased isoflavonoid aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 336-795, Korea
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 336-795, Korea
| | - Sunna Kang
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 336-795, Korea
| | - Bo Reum Moon
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 336-795, Korea
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Zhou X, Dong L, Yang B, He Z, Chen Y, Deng T, Huang B, Lan C. Preinduction of heat shock protein 70 protects mice against post-infection irritable bowel syndrome via NF-κB and NOS/NO signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2015. [PMID: 26215736 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of preinduction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on Trichinella spiralis infection-induced post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in mice. Trichinella spiralis infection significantly reduced HSP70 abundance, ileal villus height and crypt depth, expression of tight junctions, serum lysine and arginine concentrations, and ileal SCL7A6 and SCL7A7 mRNA levels, induced inflammatory response, and activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the heat treatment upregulated HSP70 expression, and then reversed intestinal dysfunction and inflammatory response. Preinduction of HSP70 enhanced serum arginine and intestinal SCL7A7 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation compared with PI-IBS model. Treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NOS) further demonstrated that preinduction of HSP70 might inhibit NF-κB and activated NOS/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. In conclusion, preinduction of HSP70 by heat treatment may confer beneficial effects on Trichinella spiralis infection-induced PI-IBS in mice, and the protective effect of HSP70 may be associated with inhibition of NF-κB and stimulation of NOS/NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhoutao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Taozhi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Baili Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Cheng Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China.
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