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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102309. [PMID: 38615895 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder has affected over 30 million individuals globally and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming decades. Current therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective as they focus on a single target. Development of an effective drug therapy requires a deep understanding of the various factors influencing the onset and progression of the disease. Aging and genetic factors exert a major influence on the development of AD. Other factors like post-viral infections, iron overload, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction also exacerbate the onset and progression of AD. Further, post-translational modifications in tau, DRP1, CREB, and p65 proteins increase the disease severity through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and differential interaction of amyloid beta with different receptors leading to impaired intracellular signalling. With advancements in neuroscience tools, new inter-relations that aggravate AD are being discovered including pre-existing diseases and exposure to other pathogens. Simultaneously, new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of gene expression through targeted delivery or modulation with light, harnessing the immune response to promote clearance of amyloid deposits, introduction of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to replace the destroyed neurons, exploring new therapeutic molecules from plant, marine and biological sources delivered in the free state or through nanoparticles and use of non-pharmacological interventions like music, transcranial stimulation and yoga. Polypharmacology approaches involving combination of therapeutic agents are also under active investigation for superior therapeutic outcomes. This review elaborates on various disease-causing factors, their underlying mechanisms, the inter-play between different disease-causing players, and emerging therapeutic options including those under clinical trials, for treatment of AD. The challenges involved in AD therapy and the way forward have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
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Rahmatkar SN, Rana AK, Kumar R, Singh D. Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn interacts with Gsk-3β/Nrf-2 signalling to protect neurotoxicity in a zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117187. [PMID: 37716493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn is used as a folk medicine in many Asian countries due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and several other health-promoting properties. It is also prescribed to improve neurocognitive functions and alleviate inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative conditions. Hence, based on the ethnomedical claims and available literature, the present study investigated neuroprotective efficacy of a seed extract (ft-ext) of Fagopyrum tataricum against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical characterization of ft-ext was performed by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Molecular interactions of the identified compounds of ft-ext were studied using an in-silico docking tool. An in-vitro protein denaturation assay was done to check anti-inflammatory activity. The 5 days' post-fertilized zebrafish larvae were exposed to 1 mM and 2.5 mM ACR with or without ft-ext for 72 h to study its neuroprotective efficacy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting studies were performed to analyse the oxidative stress-related gene and protein expressions respectively. RESULTS The extract showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin, caffeic acid, vitexin, syringic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, and ferulic acid. In-vitro protein denaturation assay of ft-ext showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The ft-ext improved ACR-mediated locomotor deficit and reduced overall mortality in the larvae. The brain lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation results revealed an elevated level of oxidative stress in the ACR-treated group, which was reduced in ft-ext-treated larvae. The extract treatment increased the expression of nrf2, gpx, and hmox1a, while simultaneously downregulated trxr2 levels in the brain of larvae exposed to ACR. The treatment also showed inactivation of Gsk-3β, thus maintaining a normal pool of Nrf2 and β-catenin. Molecular docking of identified compounds of ft-ext showed possible hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with Gsk-3β. CONCLUSION The ft-ext prevents ACR-mediated neurotoxicity by suppressing Gsk-3β mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zou X, Zhang J, Cheng T, Guo Y, Zhang L, Han X, Liu C, Wan Y, Ye X, Cao X, Song C, Zhao G, Xiang D. New strategies to address world food security and elimination of malnutrition: future role of coarse cereals in human health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1301445. [PMID: 38107010 PMCID: PMC10722300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1301445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
As we face increasing challenges of world food security and malnutrition, coarse cereals are coming into favor as an important supplement to human staple foods due to their high nutritional value. In addition, their functional components, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, make them an important food source for healthy diets. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the importance of coarse cereals for world food security and nutritional goals. This review summarizes the worldwide cultivation and distribution of coarse cereals, indicating that the global area for coarse cereal cultivation is steadily increasing. This paper also focuses on the special adaptive mechanisms of coarse cereals to drought and discusses the strategies to improve coarse cereal crop yields from the perspective of agricultural production systems. The future possibilities, challenges, and opportunities for coarse cereal production are summarized in the face of food security challenges, and new ideas for world coarse cereal production are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoning Cao
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Kim SB, Ryu HY, Nam W, Lee SM, Jang MR, Kwak YG, Kang GI, Song KS, Lee JW. The Neuroprotective Effects of Dendropanax morbifera Water Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16444. [PMID: 38003650 PMCID: PMC10671129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves and stems (DMLS) water extract on scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory impairment in mice. First, we conducted experiments to determine the protective effect of DMLS on neuronal cells. Treatment with DMLS showed a significant protective effect against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ(25-35) or H2O2. After confirming the neuroprotective effects of DMLS, we conducted animal studies. We administered DMLS orally at concentrations of 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg for 3 weeks. In the Y-maze test, SCO decreased spontaneous alternation, but treatment with DMLS or donepezil increased spontaneous alternation. In the Morris water-maze test, the SCO-treated group showed increased platform reach time and decreased swim time on the target platform. The passive avoidance task found that DMLS ingestion increased the recognition index in short-term memory. Furthermore, memory impairment induced by SCO reduced the ability to recognize novel objects. In the Novel Object Recognition test, recognition improved with DMLS or donepezil treatment. In the mouse brain, except for the cerebellum, acetylcholinesterase activity increased in the SCO group and decreased in the DMLS and donepezil groups. We measured catalase and malondialdehyde, which are indicators of antioxidant effectiveness, and found that oxidative stress increased with SCO but was mitigated by DMLS or donepezil treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that ingestion of DMLS restored memory impairment by protecting neuronal cells from Aβ(25-35) or H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, and by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Hyun Yeoul Ryu
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Woo Nam
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - So Min Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Mi Ran Jang
- Huons Foodience Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun 32724, Republic of Korea; (M.R.J.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Youn Gil Kwak
- Huons Foodience Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun 32724, Republic of Korea; (M.R.J.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Gyoo Il Kang
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Kyung Seok Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
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Wang J, Yu Z, Peng Y, Xu B. Insights into prevention mechanisms of bioactive components from healthy diets against Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109397. [PMID: 37301484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, and abnormal neurotransmission are the potential mechanisms involved in its onset and development. Although it is still an intractable disorder, diet intervention has been developed as an innovative strategy for AD prevention. Some bioactive compounds and micronutrients from food, including soy isoflavones, rutin, vitamin B1, etc., have exhibited numerous neuronal health-promoting effects in both in vivo and in vitro studies. It is well known that their antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties prevent the neuronal or glial cells from injury or death, minimize oxidative damage, inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating typical signaling pathways of MAPK, NF-kβ, and TLR, and further reduce Aβ genesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, parts of the dietary components trigger AD-related proteins productions and inflammasome as well as inflammatory gene upregulation. This review summarized the neuroprotective or nerve damage-promoting role and underlying molecular mechanisms of flavonoids, vitamins, and fatty acids via the data from library databases, PubMed, and journal websites, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevention potential of these dietary components against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Sofi SA, Ahmed N, Farooq A, Rafiq S, Zargar SM, Kamran F, Dar TA, Mir SA, Dar BN, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Nutritional and bioactive characteristics of buckwheat, and its potential for developing gluten-free products: An updated overview. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2256-2276. [PMID: 37181307 PMCID: PMC10171551 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present era, food scientists are concerned about exploiting functional crops with nutraceutical properties. Buckwheat is one of the functional pseudocereals with nutraceutical components used in the treatment of health-related diseases, malnutrition, and celiac diseases. As a preferred diet as a gluten-free product for celiac diseases, buckwheat is a good source of nutrients, bioactive components, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The general characteristics and better nutritional profile of buckwheat than other cereal family crops were highlighted by previous investigations. In buckwheats, bioactive components like peptides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, d-fagomine, fagopyritols, and fagopyrins are posing significant health benefits. This study highlights the current knowledge about buckwheat and its characteristics, nutritional constituents, bioactive components, and their potential for developing gluten-free products to target celiac people (1.4% of the world population) and other health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Food TechnologyIslamic University of Science & TechnologyAwantiporaJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Food TechnologyDKSG Akal College of AgricultureEternal UniversityBaru SahibHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Asmat Farooq
- Division of BiochemistrySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of JammuChathaJammu and KashmirIndia
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant BiotechnologySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirShalimarJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Shafiya Rafiq
- School of Science, Parramatta CampusWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant BiotechnologySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirShalimarJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Fozia Kamran
- School of Science, Parramatta CampusWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryUniversity of KashmirHazratbal, SrinagarIndia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyGovt. College for WomanSrinagarIndia
| | - B. N. Dar
- Department of Food TechnologyIslamic University of Science & TechnologyAwantiporaJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product TechnologyProf. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research InstituteWarsawPoland
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Cai C, Cheng W, Shi T, Liao Y, Zhou M, Liao Z. Rutin alleviates colon lesions and regulates gut microbiota in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4897. [PMID: 36966186 PMCID: PMC10039872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that has become a major health problem worldwide. In this study, we investigated the role of rutin in attenuating diabetes and preventing diabetes-related colon lesions in mice potentially through regulation of gut microbiota. The rutin from tartary buckwheat as analyzed by HPLC was administered intragastrically to diabetic mice, and then the biochemical parameters, overall community structure and composition of gut microbiota in diabetic mice were assayed. The results showed that rutin lowered serum glucose and improved serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and serum insulin in diabetic mice. Notably, rutin obviously alleviated colon lesions in diabetic mice. Moreover, rutin also significantly regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and enriched beneficial microbiota, such as Akkermansia (p < 0.05). Rutin selectively increased short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, such as Alistipes (p < 0.05) and Roseburia (p < 0.05), and decreased the abundance of diabetes-related gut microbiota, such as Escherichia (p < 0.05) and Mucispirillum (p < 0.05). Our data suggested that rutin exerted an antidiabetic effect and alleviated colon lesions in diabetic mice possibly by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, which might be a potential mechanism through which rutin alleviates diabetes-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cifeng Cai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
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Richter E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Broderick TL, Babu JR. The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054643. [PMID: 36902074 PMCID: PMC10002567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-223-844-3840
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Punmiya A, Prabhu A. Structural fingerprinting of pleiotropic flavonoids for multifaceted Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105486. [PMID: 36641110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has emerged as one of the most challenging neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, loss of cognitive functioning and memory impairment. Despite enormous efforts to identify disease modifying technologies, the repertoire of currently approved drugs consists of a few symptomatic candidates that are not capable of halting disease progression. Moreover, these single mechanism drugs target only a small part of the pathological cascade and do not address most of the etiological basis of the disease. Development of therapies that are able to simultaneously tackle all the multiple interlinked causative factors such as amyloid protein aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic deficit, oxidative stress, metal dyshomeostasis and neuro-inflammation has become the focus of intensive research in this domain. Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals that have demonstrated immense potential as medicinal agents due to their multiple beneficial therapeutic effects. The polypharmacological profile of flavonoids aligns well with the multifactorial pathological landscape of Alzheimer's disease, making them promising candidates to overcome the challenges of this neurodegenerative disorder. This review presents a detailed overview of the pleiotropic biology of flavonoids favourable for Alzheimer therapeutics and the structural basis for these effects. Structure activity trends for several flavonoid classes such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols and anthocyanins are comprehensively analyzed in detail and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Punmiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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Wang H, Su M, Shi X, Li X, Zhang X, Yang A, Shen R. Design, Synthesis, Calculation and Biological Activity Studies Based on Privileged Coumarin Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-AD Lead Compound. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200867. [PMID: 36461922 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins and their derivatives possessed a variety of biological activities and some of coumarin-based drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has caused great losses to human society. However, due to its complex pathogenesis, the ideal therapeutic approach has not been found yet. Free radical scavenging activity which is one of the main activities of coumarin core structure is closely related to other anti-AD activities. Therefore, in this work coumarins were chosen as privileged lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs based on strategy of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Derivatives 1-3 which could modulate multiple targets simultaneously, including ROS, cholinesterase, βamyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and metal dyshomeostasis were designed and for the first time synthesized. Their anti-AD activities were studied both in vitro and in silico. Results showed that 1-3 possessed potent antioxidant activities and 7-OH group did change the electron distribution of the molecule and enhance the antioxidant activities. They also have good inhibition activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ aggregation and compound 1 had the strongest AChE inhibitory effect among the three compounds (AChE IC50 =11.15 μM). Compound 1-3 could also selectively chelate with Cu2+ and Al3+ to regulate the metal homeostasis. In silico simulations, including molecular docking and prediction of ADMET performance, indicated that 1-3 could interact with target proteins and cross the blood brain barrier. In conclusion, 1-3 could be promising MTDLs applied as anti-AD candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mengyang Su
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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Adewole KE, Gyebi GA, Ishola AA, Falade AO. Computer-aided identification of cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory flavonoids from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e250522205232. [PMID: 35619271 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220525101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced levels of acetylcholine and dopamine lead to Alzheimer's disease AD and Parkinson disease PD, respectively, due to the action of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B. METHODS Therapeutic options for AD and PD involve respective cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitors, and considering the adverse outcomes of cholinergic- and monoaminergic- inhibitory therapeutics, phytoconstituents may be promising alternatives. Reports have shown that different extracts of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa exhibit anticholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory properties with potential to delay and prevent the development of AD and PD. However, there is limited knowledge on the multitarget cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory activities of individual compounds in this plant. Computational methods were used to identify the specific compounds responsible for the observed cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory activities of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts. RESULTS Results confirm that three flavonoids: delphinidin-3-sambubioside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside showed strong binding affinity with acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B while the observed stability of the ligands-enzymes complexes over the MD simulation time suggests their cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory properties. CONCLUSION The three flavonoids may be responsible for the reported anticholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory potentials of H. sabdariffa extracts and could be enlisted as multi-target inhibitory agents for cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Ezekiel Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, P.M.B. 536, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Ampoma Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria.,NpsBC-Cr: Natural products and structural (Bio-Chem)-informatics Computing Research Lab. Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayodeji Osmund Falade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, P.M.B. 536, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Kaur R, Sood A, Lang DK, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Behl T. Potential of flavonoids as anti-Alzheimer's agents: bench to bedside. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26063-26077. [PMID: 35067880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are challenging because of the presence of blood-brain barrier and Alzheimer being one of the commonest and uprising neurodegenerative disorders possess the need for developing novel therapies. Alzheimer's is attributed to be the sixth leading cause of death in the USA and the number of cases is estimated to be increased from 58 million in 2021 to 88 million by 2050. Natural drugs have benefits of being cost-effective, widely available, fewer side effects, and immuno-booster can be useful in managing Alzheimer. Flavonoids can slow the neuronal degeneration as they have shown activity in central nervous system and are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. These can be easily extracted from fruits, vegetable, and plants. In Alzheimer disease, flavonoids scavenges the reactive oxygen species and reduces the production of amyloid beta protein. Agents from sub-classes of flavonoids such as flavanones, flavanols, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and isoflavones having pharmacological action in treating Alzheimer disease are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | | | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India.
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14
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Cirsium japonicum var. Maackii Improves Cognitive Impairment under Amyloid Beta25-35-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4513998. [PMID: 35036433 PMCID: PMC8759886 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4513998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal production and degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain lead to oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) is widely used as an herbal medicine and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study focused on the protective effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from CJM (ECJM) on Aβ25-35-induced control mice. In the T-maze and novel object recognition test, ECJM provided higher spatial memory and object recognition compared to Aβ25-35 treatment alone. In the Morris water maze test, ECJM-administered mice showed greater learning and memory abilities than Aβ25-35-induced control mice. Additionally, ECJM-administered mice experienced inhibited lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. The present study indicates that ECJM improves cognitive impairment by inhibiting oxidative stress in Aβ25-35-induced mice. Therefore, CJM may be useful for the treatment of AD and may be a potential material for functional foods.
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15
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Peng Y, Tao H, Wang S, Xiao J, Wang Y, Su H. Dietary intervention with edible medicinal plants and derived products for prevention of Alzheimer's disease: A compendium of time-tested strategy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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16
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Gynura divaricata Water Extract Presented the Possibility to Enhance Neuronal Regeneration. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8818618. [PMID: 33680064 PMCID: PMC7904343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8818618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gynura divaricata (GD) is an Asian herb widely used as an alternative medicine and functional food for type 2 diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is considered as an important complication of diabetic patients. This study focused on neuroregenerative effects of GD for use in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy. GD leaves were cut and boiled in water to mimic real-life cooking. The boiled content was filtered through white gauze and lyophilized to preserve as dried powder. Antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH assays. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was employed to test for important compounds in the extract of these herbs. MTT assay was used to test for cell viability. The extracts at concentration of 250 μg/mL were tested with human gingival cell to observe the change of gene expression. The DPPH assay showed that GD water extract at the concentration of 5000 μg/mL could inhibit DPPH radical for 39.2%. The results showed that 5000 µg of GD water extract contained total phenolic content equivalent to 310.9 µg standard gallic acid. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS result found phenolic acids and flavonoids as the main components. Human gingival cells treated with 250 μg/mL of GD water extract for 10 days showed upregulation of some neuronal differentiation markers. Staining with Cdr3 dye confirmed the presentation of neuronal progenitors. The extract at the concentration of 250 μg/mL was also tested with apical papilla cells to screen for change of gene expression by RNA sequencing. The result also showed significant upregulation of alpha-internexin (INA). These results indicated that GD water extract might have an inductive effect for neural regeneration and could be used as functional food and supplementation for the prevention or treatment of diabetic neuropathy. This work provided the basic knowledge for further investigations into the benefits of GD for diabetic neuropathy.
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17
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Hole KL, Williams RJ. Flavonoids as an Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Hurdles Towards Defining a Mechanism of Action. Brain Plast 2021; 6:167-192. [PMID: 33782649 PMCID: PMC7990465 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to develop a disease modifying intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) through targeting amyloid β (Aβ) have so far been unsuccessful. There is, therefore, a need for novel therapeutics against alternative targets coupled with approaches which may be suitable for early and sustained use likely required for AD prevention. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that flavonoids can act within processes and pathways relevant to AD, such as Aβ and tau pathology, increases in BDNF, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurogenesis. However, the therapeutic development of flavonoids has been hindered by an ongoing lack of clear mechanistic data that fully takes into consideration metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids in vivo. With a focus on studies that incorporate these considerations into their experimental design, this review will evaluate the evidence for developing specific flavonoids as therapeutics for AD. Given the current lack of success of anti-Aβ targeting therapeutics, particular attention will be given to flavonoid-mediated regulation of tau phosphorylation and aggregation, where there is a comparable lack of study. Reflecting on this evidence, the obstacles that prevent therapeutic development of flavonoids will be examined. Finally, the significance of recent advances in flavonoid metabolomics, modifications and influence of the microbiome on the therapeutic capacity of flavonoids in AD are explored. By highlighting the potential of flavonoids to target multiple aspects of AD pathology, as well as considering the hurdles, this review aims to promote the efficient and effective identification of flavonoid-based approaches that have potential as therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L. Hole
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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18
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee YA, Shin SH, Cho EJ. Beneficial effect of black rice ( Oryza sativa L. var. japonica ) extract on amyloid β-induced cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32963594 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disease, resulting in memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) has been identified as the most important risk factor for AD. Black rice (BR; Oryza sativa L. var. japonica), which is widely consumed in Asia, is a good source of bioactive compounds including anthocyanins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of BR extracts against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in an in vivo AD mouse model. After intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, mice were treated with BR extract supplementation for 14 days. Memory and cognition function were evaluated over this period in both treated and untreated animals using T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. After behavioral tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in brain, liver and kidney tissues were analyzed. Mice treated with Aβ25-35 had impaired memory and cognitive function; however, mice administered BR extract (100 mg/kg/day) demonstrated an improvement in cognition and memory function compared with the Aβ25-35-injected control group. Furthermore, injection of Aβ25-35 significantly increased MDA and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney of mice. However, the group administered with BR extract had significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney. In addition, the protective effect of BR on lipid peroxidation and NO production by Aβ25-35 was stronger in the brain compared with other tissues. Collectively, these findings suggested that BR supplementation may prevent memory and cognition deficits caused by Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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19
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Park HJ, Kwak M, Baek SH. Neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112518. [PMID: 31884031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendropanax morbifera (DM) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for migraines. Glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress have emerged as the possible triggers implicated in migraine pathogenesis. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of DM leaves (DML) on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular authentication of DML was assessed using DNA barcoding analysis. Four different solvent extracts of DML were prepared and subjected to antioxidant activity and phytochemical assays. Neuroprotective effects of DML extracts were evaluated using relevant biochemical and imaging assays that measure cell viability/death, ROS generation, Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and AIF nuclear translocation. RESULTS The sequences of matK, rbcL, atpF-H, and psbK-I in DML were identical with those in voucher specimens, confirming that DML was indeed D. morbifera. The ethyl acetate extract of DML (DMLE) showed the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, and prominent DPPH/superoxide radical scavenging and reducing power activities. In the HT22 cell model, glutamate was shown to be the causative agent for apoptotic cell death via elevation of intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels, induction of mitochondrial depolarization and membrane permeabilization, and translocation of AIF to the nucleus. Of note, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and necrostatin-1, but not z-VAD-fmk, completely prevented glutamate-induced cell death, implying that oxidative stress and AIF translocation were pivotal in glutamate cytotoxicity. DMLE significantly recovered glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. It completely inhibited intracellular/mitochondrial ROS generation, the elevation of Ca2+ levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by glutamate during early exposure within 8 h. It significantly reversed subsequent AIF nuclear translocation after 12 h of treatment. Antioxidant activities of DMLE may be the protective mechanism that regulates homeostatic balance of ROS and Ca2+ as well as maintains mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS DMLE shows significant neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative neuronal cell death. Therefore, DM could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurological disorders propagated by glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myounghai Kwak
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Suzuki T, Noda T, Morishita T, Ishiguro K, Otsuka S, Brunori A. Present status and future perspectives of breeding for buckwheat quality. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:48-66. [PMID: 32351304 PMCID: PMC7180147 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat is an important crop globally. It has been processed into cereal grain, noodles, confectionery, bread, and fermented foods for many years. Buckwheat production and processing has supported local economies and is deeply related to the culture of some regions. Buckwheat has many unique traits as a food, with a good flavor and color. In addition, buckwheat is also a healthy food because it contains bioactive compounds that have anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, breeding of buckwheat for quality is an important issue to be addressed. Compared to other crops, there is still a lack of basic information on quality, including bioactive compounds generation and enhancement. However, some mechanisms for modifying and improving the quality of buckwheat varieties have recently been identified. Further, some varieties with improved quality have recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the issues around buckwheat quality and review the present status and future potential of buckwheat breeding for quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Suzuki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, Suya 2421, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Morishita
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Crop Science, Radiation Breeding Division, 2425 Kamimurata, Hitachi-Omiya, Ibaraki 319-2293, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiguro
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Shiori Otsuka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Andrea Brunori
- ENEA, CR Casaccia, SSPT-PVS, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy
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Yilmaz HÖ, Ayhan NY, Meriç ÇS. Buckwheat: A Useful Food and Its Effects on Human Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180910140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
:
Buckwheat is a plant used for many purposes, such as consumed as a food and used in the
treatment of diseases. It is a good source of many vitamins and minerals and has balanced nutritional
value. Because of its nutrient content and many positive effects on human health, buckwheat has become
a functional food, recently. Main effects of buckwheat on human health are its hypotensive,
hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Thus, it is considered
an alternative food component in dietary treatment for chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes,
hypertension and celiac disease. Also, its rich nutrient content supports daily diet and provides a
better eating profile. As a result, buckwheat is accepted as a functional food, suggested to improve
human health and is used in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this review is to explain some positive
effects of buckwheat on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacı Ömer Yilmaz
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Yabanci Ayhan
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Salih Meriç
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Mazumder MK, Borah A, Choudhury S. Inhibitory potential of plant secondary metabolites on anti-Parkinsonian drug targets: Relevance to pathophysiology, and motor and non-motor behavioural abnormalities. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109544. [PMID: 31954292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder, is caused due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of mid-brain and the resultant depletion of the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Although the pathophysiology of the disease is least understood, studies in animal models revealed oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation to be the major contributors. Dopamine replenishment therapy by oral administration of L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine remains to be the therapeutic gold-standard for symptomatic treatment of PD. In addition, use of inhibitors of dopamine metabolizing enzymes (viz. monoamine oxidase-B: MAO-B; and catechol-O-methyltransferase: COMT) are the other strategies for amelioration of the motor abnormalities. Further, PD is associated with non-motor behavioural abnormalities as well, including cognitive impairment and mood disorders, which are caused due to cholinergic neurodegeneration, and thus inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is suggested. However, the currently used drugs against the three crucial enzymes (MAO-B, COMT and AChE) elicit several side effects, and thus the search for novel compounds continues, and plant-based compounds have promising potential in this regard. In the present study, we have used computational modeling to determine the efficiency of 40 plant-based natural products in inhibiting the three anti-Parkinsonian drug targets. Further, statistical analysis was performed to identify the properties of the compounds which are crucial for inhibition of the enzymes. While all the phytochemicals showed potential in inhibiting the enzymes, Rutin, Demethoxycurcumin and Acteoside were found to be most effective inhibitors of MAO-B, COMT and AChE respectively. Since most of the compounds are established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules, they are surmised to confer neuroprotection in PD, and prevent progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Khairujjaman Mazumder
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India; Department of Zoology, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji 787057, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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23
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Budzynska B, Faggio C, Kruk-Slomka M, Samec D, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Rutin as Neuroprotective Agent: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5152-5164. [PMID: 28971760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171003114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are major dietary constituents of plant-based food found ubiquitously in plant kingdom where they are usually present in substantial amounts. Rutin is a flavonol-type polyphenol which consists of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin has been reported to exert diverse biological effects such as antitumor and antimicrobial mainly associated to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mental, neurological, and behavioural disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. Most of these disorders combine a high prevalence, early onset, progressive clinical course, and impairment of critical brain functions making them a major contributor to the global disease burden. In the present work, the biological in vitro and in vivo effects and the potential therapeutic applications of rutin in neurodegenerative processes are reviewed, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which are essential for a better understanding of its biological effectiveness. Moreover, the present review also provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which rutin is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166, S.Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Kruk-Slomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dunja Samec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruder Boskovic, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao N, Gu Q, Liu Z, Song F, Pi Z, Liu S. An integrated platform for a high-throughput pharmacokinetic study of glycosides using a boronic acid-functionalized 96-well glass plate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9543-9546. [PMID: 31334509 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel Vial@FPBA strategy was established for a large-scale pharmacokinetic study of glycosides, during which glycosides were absorbed into a boronic acid-functionalized 96-well glass plate and directly desorbed for UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Hence, specific and high-throughput glycoside enrichment was achieved simultaneously. The LODs were reduced up to 50 times compared to the case of the methanol method. Meanwhile, sample pre-processing time was greatly saved by skipping the protein sedimentation and supernatant concentration steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8165707. [PMID: 30800211 PMCID: PMC6360036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder characterized by a chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents may be effective. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects make them suitable candidates for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggest that bioactive compounds may have direct effects on decreasing hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion, and preventing formation of amyloid plaques. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms are described in this review. More studies are needed to establish the clinical effects of bioactive compounds.
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Rutin as a Potent Antioxidant: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6241017. [PMID: 30050657 PMCID: PMC6040293 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6241017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases, share common mechanisms such as neuronal loss, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Intervention strategies using plant-derived bioactive compounds have been offered as a form of treatment for these debilitating conditions, as there are currently no remedies to prevent, reverse, or halt the progression of neuronal loss. Rutin, a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin, is found in many plants and fruits, especially buckwheat, apricots, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, and oranges. Pharmacological studies have reported the beneficial effects of rutin in many disease conditions, and its therapeutic potential in several models of NDs has created considerable excitement. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge on the neuroprotective mechanisms of rutin in various experimental models of NDs. The mechanisms of action reviewed in this article include reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, improved antioxidant enzyme activities, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, downregulation of mRNA expression of PD-linked and proapoptotic genes, upregulation of the ion transport and antiapoptotic genes, and restoration of the activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that rutin may be a promising neuroprotective compound for the treatment of NDs.
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Gullón B, Lú-Chau TA, Moreira MT, Lema JM, Eibes G. Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Bao T, Wang Y, Li YT, Gowd V, Niu XH, Yang HY, Chen LS, Chen W, Sun CD. Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids after in vitro digestion. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:941-951. [PMID: 27921399 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in HepG2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Vemana Gowd
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-He Niu
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
| | - Hai-Ying Yang
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
| | - Li-Shui Chen
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chong-de Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, the State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chakraborty S, Basu S. Dual inhibition of BACE1 and Aβ aggregation by β-ecdysone: Application of a phytoecdysteroid scaffold in Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:281-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Comparative study on phenolics and antioxidant property of some new and common bayberry cultivars in China. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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31
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee J, Lee MH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Effects of Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acid Compositions on Cognition and Memory Ability in Aβ 25-35-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Med Food 2016; 19:912-921. [PMID: 27696934 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of three kinds of vegetable oils with different fatty acid compositions against cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. After intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta25-35 (Aβ25-35) into the brain of institute of cancer research mice, olive oil (rich in oleic acid, C18:1), corn oil (rich in linoleic acid, C18:2), and perilla oil (rich in α-linolenic acid [ALA], C18:3) were administered at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The results revealed that Aβ25-35 induced learning and memory dysfunction according to the T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Among the three vegetable oils, however, the perilla oil group of mice showed marked attenuation of cognitive impairment, that is, a greater number of explorations on a new route/object than on an old route/object in the T-maze and novel object recognition tests. In the Morris water maze test, perilla oil decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the number of crossings over the target quadrant in which the platform was located previously. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of perilla oil supplementation on oxidative stress was reflected in the inhibition of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) production in Aβ25-35-injected mice. We also found that perilla oil downregulated protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These findings showed that ALA-rich perilla oil has a potential for prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- 2 Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science , Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- 3 Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- 2 Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science , Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- 3 Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
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Abstract
AbstractBuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, F. tataricum Gaertner) groats and flour have been established globally as nutritional foods because of their high levels of proteins, polyphenols and minerals. In some regions, buckwheat herb is used as a functional food. In the present study, reports of in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trials dealing with the effect of buckwheat and its metabolites were reviewed. There are numerous reports of potential health benefits of consuming buckwheat, which may be in the form of food, dietary supplements, home remedies or possibly pharmaceutical drugs; however, adverse effects, including those resulting from contamination, must be considered. There are reports of antioxidative activity of buckwheat, which contains high levels of rutin and quercetin. On the other hand, both cytotoxic and antigenotoxic effects have been shown. Reduction of hyperlipidaemia, reduction of blood pressure and improved weight regulation have been suggested. Consuming buckwheat may have a beneficial effect on diabetes, since lower postprandial blood glucose and insulin response have been reported. In addition, buckwheat metabolites, such as rutin, may have intrinsic protective effects in preserving insulin signalling. Rutin has also been suggested to have potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The literature indicates that buckwheat is safe to consume and may have various beneficial effects on human health.
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Lee AY, Hwang BR, Lee MH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Perilla frutescens var. japonica and rosmarinic acid improve amyloid-β25-35 induced impairment of cognition and memory function. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:274-81. [PMID: 27247723 PMCID: PMC4880726 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays a key role in cognitive dysfunction. Perilla frutescens var. japonica extract (PFE) and its major compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated whether administration of PFE and RA contributes to cognitive improvement in an Aβ25-35-injected mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS Male ICR mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with aggregated Aβ25-35 to induce AD. Aβ25-35-injected mice were fed PFE (50 mg/kg/day) or RA (0.25 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and examined for learning and memory ability through the T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze test. RESULTS Our present study demonstrated that PFE and RA administration significantly enhanced cognition function and object discrimination, which were impaired by Aβ25-35, in the T-maze and object recognition tests, respectively. In addition, oral administration of PFE and RA decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the number of crossings over the removed platform when compared with the Aβ25-35-induced control group in the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, PFE and RA significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, kidney, and liver. In particular, PFE markedly attenuated oxidative stress by inhibiting production of NO and MDA in the Aβ25-35-injected mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PFE and its active compound RA have beneficial effects on cognitive improvement and may help prevent AD induced by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Bo Ra Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Ali MRAA, Abo-Youssef AMH, Messiha BAS, Khattab MM. Tempol and perindopril protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognition impairment and amyloidogenesis by modulating brain-derived neurotropic factor, neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:637-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang M, Tao L, Xu H. Chinese herbal medicines as a source of molecules with anti-enterovirus 71 activity. Chin Med 2016; 11:2. [PMID: 26834824 PMCID: PMC4731985 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which sometimes leads to severe neurological disease and death in the Asia-Pacific region. In Chinese medicine, HFMD is caused mainly by an accumulation of damp-heat and toxicity in the body. No effective drugs are currently available for the treatment and prevention of EV71 infection. This review summarizes the potential Chinese herbal extracts and isolated compounds with antiviral activity against EV71 and their clinical applications, especially those categorized as heat-clearing and detoxifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ling Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road 601, Xinxiang, Henan 453003 China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Zieliński H. Buckwheat as a Functional Food and Its Effects on Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7896-913. [PMID: 26270637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) is a gluten-free pseudocereal that belongs to the Polygonaceae family. BW grain is a highly nutritional food component that has been shown to provide a wide range of beneficial effects. Health benefits attributed to BW include plasma cholesterol level reduction, neuroprotection, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic effects, and improvement of hypertension conditions. In addition, BW has been reported to possess prebiotic and antioxidant activities. In vitro and animal studies suggest that BW's bioactive compounds, such as D-chiro-inositol (DCI), BW proteins (BWP), and BW flavonoids (mainly rutin and quercetin) may be partially responsible for the observed effects. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent research regarding the health benefits of BW, in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the specific role of its bioactive compounds and on the mechanisms by which these effects are exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Zieliński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill blocks enterovirus 71 infection by hijacking MEK1-ERK signaling pathway. Antiviral Res 2015; 119:47-56. [PMID: 25912818 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill are a Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of edema and inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of this medicine on enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection has not been explored. Previous studies showed that MEK1-ERK signal pathway was required for efficient replication of EV71 infection and inhibition of this signal pathway has been shown to suppress virus infection. Here we show that the water extract of S. chinensis (Lour.) Baill (SCB) significantly blocks EV71 infection by inhibiting the activation of MEK1-ERK signal pathway with an IC50 of 8.9μg/mL. SCB at 30 and 60 μg/mL blocked EV71-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and production of infectious virion by 1.9 and 5.1 logs, respectively. Virucidal assay suggested that SCB had no virucidal activity against EV71 and probably exerted its effect by targeting multiple steps in EV71 infection. Knockdown of MEK1 but not MEK2 blocked EV71 replication. And SCB treatment inhibited the activation of MEK1-ERK signal during EV71 infection. Furthermore, we found that rutin at 200 μM, one of the major components of SCB, significantly suppressed EV71 induced CPE and inhibited viral replication in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, SCB inhibited EV71 infection by hijacking MEK1-ERK signal pathway and rutin was the responsible antiviral component of SCB.
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