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Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Chouinard-Watkins R, Bazinet R, Harden G, Dick J, Tejera N, Pontifex MG, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. The Influence of APOE Genotype, DHA, and Flavanol Intervention on Brain DHA and Lipidomics Profile in Aged Transgenic Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2032. [PMID: 37432149 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is predictive of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain is highly enriched with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA's metabolism is defective in APOE4 carriers. Flavanol intake can play a role in modulating DHA levels. However, the impact of flavanol co-supplementation with fish oil on brain DHA uptake, status and partitioning, and according to APOE genotype is currently unknown. Here, using a humanised APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement transgenic mouse model, the interactive influence of cocoa flavanols (FLAV) and APOE genotype on the blood and subcortical brain PUFA status following the supplementation of a high fat (HF) enriched with DHA from fish oil (FO) was investigated. DHA levels increased in the blood (p < 0.001) and brain (p = 0.001) following supplementation. Compared to APOE3, a higher red blood cell (RBC) DHA (p < 0.001) was evident in APOE4 mice following FO and FLAV supplementation. Although FO did not increase the percentage of brain DHA in APOE4, a 17.1% (p < 0.05) and 20.0% (p < 0.001) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fraction in the HF FO and HF FO FLAV groups, and a 14.5% (p < 0.05) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fraction in the HF FO FLAV group was evident in these animals relative to the HF controls. The addition of FLAV (+/- FO) did not significantly increase the percentage of brain DHA in the group as a whole. However, a higher brain: RBC DHA ratio was evident in APOE3 only (p < 0.05) for HF FLAV versus HF. In conclusion, our data shows only modest effects of FLAV on the brain DHA status, which is limited to APOE3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha N M Saleh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Raphael Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Richard Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - James Dick
- Nutrition Analytical Service, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Manoppo JIC, Nurkolis F, Gunawan WB, Limen GA, Rompies R, Heroanto JP, Natanael H, Phan S, Tanjaya K. Functional sterol improves breast milk quality by modulating the gut microbiota: A proposed opinion for breastfeeding mothers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018153. [PMID: 36424924 PMCID: PMC9678907 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Irene Christiene Manoppo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Ansell Limen
- Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Ronald Rompies
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Joko Purnomo Heroanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Hans Natanael
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Sardito Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Krisanto Tanjaya
- Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Han H, Wang L, Xue T, Li J, Pei L, Zheng M. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid improves NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota and attenuating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Ding X, Xu Y, Nie P, Zhong L, Feng L, Guan Q, Song L. Changes in the serum metabolomic profiles of subjects with NAFLD in response to n-3 PUFAs and phytosterol ester: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:5189-5201. [PMID: 35438091 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease and threatens human health worldwide. As shown in our previous study, co-supplementation with phytosterol ester (PSE) (3.3 g day-1) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (450 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 1500 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day) was more effective at ameliorating hepatic steatosis than treatment with PSE or n-3 PUFAs alone. In the present study, we further investigated the changes in the serum metabolic profiles of subjects with NAFLD in response to n-3 PUFAs and PSE. Thirty-one differentially altered serum metabolites were annotated using the nontargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE) analysis technique. Multivariable statistical and clustering analyses showed that co-supplementation of n-3 PUFAs and PSE was more effective at improving metabolic disorders in patients with NAFLD than treatment with n-3 PUFAs or PSE alone. The regulated metabolic pathways included metabolism of retinol, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Overall, the co-supplementation of n-3 PUFAs and PSE significantly increased the serum levels of PUFA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), perillyl alcohol and retinyl ester in patients with NAFLD after 12 weeks of intervention, and the levels of PC (14:0/20:5, 15:0/20:5), LysoPC (20:5, 22:6) and retinyl ester correlated negatively with the degree of hepatic steatosis. The regulatory effect of co-supplementation of n-3 PUFAs and PSE on metabolomic profiles may explain their potential role in alleviating hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Ding
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yinfei Xu
- The First People's Hospital of Ningyang County, Tai'an City 270018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Nie
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingyue Zhong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Sheng C, Guo Y, Ma J, Hong EK, Zhang B, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Sea Buckthorn Sterol against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072224. [PMID: 35408620 PMCID: PMC9000363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the efficacy and protection mechanisms of sea buckthorn sterol (SBS) against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups and fed with saline (Group BG), 50% CCl4 (Group MG), or bifendate 200 mg/kg (Group DDB), or treated with low-dose (Group LD), medium-dose (Group MD), or high-dose (Group HD) SBS. This study, for the first time, observed the protection of SBS against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Investigation of enzyme activities showed that SBS-fed rats exhibited a significant alleviation of inflammatory lesions, as evidenced by the decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT). In addition, compared to the MG group, the increased indices (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and total protein (TP)) of lipid peroxidation and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues of SBS-treated groups showed the anti-lipid peroxidation effects of SBS. Using the wide range of targeted technologies and a combination of means (UPLC-MS/MS detection platform, self-built database, and multivariate statistical analysis), the addition of SBS was found to restore the expression of metabolic pathways (e.g., L-malic acid, N-acetyl-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-l-alanine, etc.) in rats, which means that the metabolic damage induced by CCl4 was alleviated. Furthermore, transcriptomics was employed to analyze and compare gene expression levels of different groups. It showed that the expressions of genes (Cyp1a1, Noct, and TUBB6) related to liver injury were regulated by SBS. In conclusion, SBS exhibited protective effects against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The liver protection mechanism of SBS is probably related to the regulation of metabolic disorders, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Sheng
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Hong
- Medvill Co., Ltd., Medvill Research Institute, Seoul 100744, Korea;
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Li R, Guo C, Lin X, Chan TF, Su M, Zhang Z, Lai KP. Integrative omics analysis reveals the protective role of vitamin C on perfluorooctanoic acid-induced hepatoxicity. J Adv Res 2022; 35:279-294. [PMID: 35024202 PMCID: PMC8721266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a compound used as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes worldwide. Population and cross-sectional studies have demonstrated positive correlations between PFOA levels and human health problems. Objectives Many studies have focused on the hepatotoxicity and liver problems caused by PFOA, with little attention to remediation of these problems. As an antioxidant, vitamin C is frequently utilized as a supplement for hepatic detoxification. Methods In this study, we use a mouse model to study the possible role of vitamin C in reducing PFOA-induced liver damage. Based on comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of vitamin C. Results Our results show that vitamin C supplementation reduces signs of PFOA-induced liver damage including total cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase, liver damage markers aspartate, transaminase, and alanine aminotransferase elevation, and liver enlargement. Further, we show that the protective role of vitamin C is associated with signaling networks control, suppressing linoleic acid metabolism, reducing thiodiglycolic acid, and elevating glutathione in the liver. Conclusion The findings in this study demonstrate, for the first time, the utility of vitamin C for preventing PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Su
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | | | - Keng Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
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7
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Yang JW, Ji HF. Phytosterols as bioactive food components against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34871105 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2006137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are bioactive food components widely present in cell membranes of plants, especially in nuts and oilseeds. In recent years, many studies have shown that phytosterols possess therapeutic potentials for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review summarizes the effects of phytosterols from in vitro and in vivo studies to lower the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and the evidence supporting the potential of phytosterols against NAFLD. The potential mechanisms by which phytosterols improve NAFLD may include (i) competition with cholesterol; (ii) regulation of key factors involved in cholesterol and TG metabolism; and (iii) inhibition of liver inflammation and (iv) regulation of liver fatty acid composition. In summary, phytosterols are potential natural ingredients with good safety profile against NAFLD, which deserve more future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative diseases, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative diseases, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Zec MM, Krga I, Takić M, Debeljak-Martačić J, Korićanac G, Ranković S, Popović T, Pantelić M, Glibetic M. Walnut Consumption Induces Tissue-Specific Omega-6/Omega-3 Decrease in High-Fructose-Fed Wistar Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28136-28145. [PMID: 33163796 PMCID: PMC7643199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased dietary, blood, and tissue n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Due to Westernized dietary patterns, the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio is of growing concern worldwide, and dietary strategies aimed at its lowering are of public health importance. Walnuts are rich in dietary fats, and their consumption promotes cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to examine the effect of 6-week walnut consumption on tissue-specific n-6/n-3 ratio and fatty acid metabolic conversion in fructose-fed rats with a cluster of metabolic disorders. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet with or without 10% fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks. Diets of half of the animals were then supplemented with walnuts (2.4 g/day) for 6 weeks, upon which fatty acid profiles were determined in plasma, liver, adipose tissue, and kidney total lipids. Results showed that walnuts induced significant decreases in the n-6/n-3 content of total lipid pool in plasma and examined tissues, irrespective of metabolic burden. Walnut intervention decreased plasma and liver palmitoleic/palmitic, arachidonic/linoleic, and docosahexaenoic/α-linolenic acid ratios. It also modulated individual fatty acid levels by reducing arachidonic and palmitic acid and increasing α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acid in plasma and most tissues. Our study demonstrated that 6-week consumption of walnuts favorably modulated n-6/n-3 plasma and tissue ratio in male Wistar rats regardless of high-fructose feeding, underscoring the promising potential of walnuts in both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja M. Zec
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Irena Krga
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelić
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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