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Tang S, An X, Sun W, Zhang Y, Yang C, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Gao Q, Ji H, Lian F. Parallelism and non-parallelism in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336123. [PMID: 38419958 PMCID: PMC10899692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), as microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, are currently the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and blindness, respectively, in the adult working population, and they are major public health problems with social and economic burdens. The parallelism between the two in the process of occurrence and development manifests in the high overlap of disease-causing risk factors and pathogenesis, high rates of comorbidity, mutually predictive effects, and partial concordance in the clinical use of medications. However, since the two organs, the eye and the kidney, have their unique internal environment and physiological processes, each with specific influencing molecules, and the target organs have non-parallelism due to different pathological changes and responses to various influencing factors, this article provides an overview of the parallelism and non-parallelism between DN and DR to further recognize the commonalities and differences between the two diseases and provide references for early diagnosis, clinical guidance on the use of medication, and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cunqing Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hangyu Ji
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cryo-EM structures of human bradykinin receptor-G q proteins complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:714. [PMID: 35132089 PMCID: PMC8821558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 bradykinin receptor (B2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the cardiovascular system, and the dysfunction of B2R leads to inflammation, hereditary angioedema, and pain. Bradykinin and kallidin are both endogenous peptide agonists of B2R, acting as vasodilators to protect the cardiovascular system. Here we determine two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human B2R-Gq in complex with bradykinin and kallidin at 3.0 Å and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively. The ligand-binding pocket accommodates S-shaped peptides, with aspartic acids and glutamates as an anion trap. The phenylalanines at the tail of the peptides induce significant conformational changes in the toggle switch W2836.48, the conserved PIF, DRY, and NPxxY motifs, for the B2R activation. This further induces the extensive interactions of the intracellular loops ICL2/3 and helix 8 with Gq proteins. Our structures elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the ligand binding, receptor activation, and Gq proteins coupling of B2R.
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He L, Zhou Z, Shao Y, Yang Z, Zhou S, Zou X, Zhou Y, Tan G. Bradykinin potentially stimulates cell proliferation in rabbit corneal endothelial cells through the ZO‑1/ZONAB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:71-80. [PMID: 29568941 PMCID: PMC5979832 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been demonstrated to induce proliferation in several types of cell in ex vivo corneas. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of BK on corneal endothelial cells (CECs) remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of BK on rabbit corneal endothelial cell (RCEC) proliferation, and assess the involvement of the zonula occludens‑1(ZO‑1)/ZO‑1associated nucleic acid binding protein (ZONAB) pathway. Cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution was analyzed following treatment with BK (0.01, 0.1,1.0 or 10.0 µM) for the indicated time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), or following BK treatment combined with transfection of ZONAB‑small interfering (si)RNA for 72 h. In addition, the expression of tight junction ZO‑1, nuclear ZONAB, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and cyclin D1 were evaluated using western blotting or immunofluorescence. BK treatment was demonstrated to induce time‑ and concentration‑dependent cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, along with the upregulation of tight junction ZO‑1 and nuclear ZONAB, as well as PCNA and cyclin D1 protein expression. Furthermore, knockdown with ZONAB‑siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and downregulated PCNA and cyclin D1 protein expression. ZONAB knockdown therefore successfully reversed the increase in proliferation induced by BK treatment. Taken together, these results suggested that BK stimulated RCEC proliferation, potentially via the ZO‑1/ZONAB pathway. The signaling paradigm disclosed in the present study potentially serves as an important therapeutic target for cornea regeneration and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xuexiang Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Eshaq RS, Aldalati AMZ, Alexander JS, Harris NR. Diabetic retinopathy: Breaking the barrier. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:229-241. [PMID: 28732591 PMCID: PMC5711541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among adults worldwide. DR is a progressive disease affecting both type I and type II diabetic patients at any stage of the disease, and targets the retinal microvasculature. DR results from multiple biochemical, molecular and pathophysiological changes to the retinal vasculature, which affect both microcirculatory functions and ultimately photoreceptor function. Several neural, endothelial, and support cell (e.g., pericyte) mechanisms are altered in a pathological fashion in the hyperglycemic environment during diabetes that can disturb important cell surface components in the vasculature producing the features of progressive DR pathophysiology. These include loss of the glycocalyx, blood-retinal barrier dysfunction, increased expression of inflammatory cell markers and adhesion of blood leukocytes and platelets. Included in this review is a discussion of modifications that occur at or near the surface of the retinal vascular endothelial cells, and the consequences of these alterations on the integrity of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Alaa M Z Aldalati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
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Silva LDS, Peruchetti DDB, Silva CTFD, Ferreira-DaSilva AT, Perales J, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Interaction between bradykinin B2 and Ang-(1-7) Mas receptors regulates erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2438-2444. [PMID: 27431603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms involved in erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasite are well understood, but the contribution of host components is not. We recently reported that Ang-(1-7) impairs the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum through Mas receptor-mediated reduction of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. The effects of bradykinin (BK), a peptide of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), can be potentiated by Ang-(1-7), or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril. We investigated the coordinated action between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and KKS peptides in the erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. METHODS We used human erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum to assess the influence of RAS and KKS peptides in the invasion of new erythrocytes. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) were mimicked by captopril. 10(-8)M BK decreased new ring forms and this effect was sensitive to 10(-8)M HOE-140 and 10(-7)M A779, B2 and Mas receptor antagonists, respectively. However, DALBK, a B1 receptor blocker, had no effect. The inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) was reversed by HOE-140 and A779 at the same concentrations. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed an association between B2 and Mas receptors. BK also inhibited PKA activity, which was sensitive to both HOE-140 and A779. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that B2 and Mas receptors are mediators of Ang-(1-7) and BK inhibitory effects, through a cross-signaling pathway, possibly by the formation of a heterodimer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results describe new elements in host signaling that could be involved in parasite invasion during the erythrocyte cycle of P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Souza Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Barros Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jonas Perales
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rede Proteômica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia e Bioimagem, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil.
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Cignachi NP, Pesquero JB, Oliveira RB, Etges A, Campos MM. Kinin B1Receptor Deletion Affects Bone Healing in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3019-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália P. Cignachi
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - João B. Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics; Federal University of São Paulo; Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Rogério B. Oliveira
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Adriana Etges
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel); Rua, Gonçalves Chaves, 457; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga, 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Masuda T, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The kallikrein system in retinal damage/protection. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 749:161-3. [PMID: 25448306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein is a serine protease involved in the kallikrein-kinnin system. Kallikrein is derived from the blood plasma or tissue, and is correlated with aggravation and improvement in eye diseases, such as, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and ocular ischemic syndrome. The plasma kallikrein stimulates retinal vascular permeability and intraocular hemorrhage. On the other hand, we had reported that the tissue kallikrein normalizes retinal vasopermeability and inhibited retinal neovascularization and retinal ischemic injury. The protective mechanisms of the tissue-derived kallikrein include the cleavage of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which suggests that the tissue kallikrein could be potentially-effective against any disease involving the VEGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Masuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Bhat M, Pouliot M, Couture R, Vaucher E. The kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic retinopathy. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:111-43. [PMID: 25130041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Current treatment strategies for DR are mostly limited to laser therapies, steroids, and anti-VEGF agents, which are often associated with unwanted side effects leading to further complications. Recent evidence suggests that kinins play a primary role in the development of DR through enhanced vascular permeability, leukocytes infiltration, and other inflammatory mechanisms. These deleterious effects are mediated by kinin B1 and B2 receptors, which are expressed in diabetic human and rodent retina. Importantly, kinin B1 receptor is virtually absent in sane tissue, yet it is induced and upregulated in diabetic retina. These peptides belong to the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), which contains two separate and independent pathways of regulated serine proteases, namely plasma kallikrein (PK) and tissue kallikrein (TK) that are involved in the biosynthesis of bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (Lys-BK), respectively. Hence, ocular inhibition of kallikreins or antagonism of kinin receptors offers new therapeutic avenues in the treatment and management of DR. Herein, we present an overview of the principal features and known inflammatory mechanisms associated with DR along with the current therapeutic approaches and put special emphasis on the KKS as a new and promising therapeutic target due to its link with key pathways directly associated with the development of DR.
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Hein TW, Potts LB, Xu W, Yuen JZ, Kuo L. Temporal development of retinal arteriolar endothelial dysfunction in porcine type 1 diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7943-9. [PMID: 23139282 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hyperglycemia is implicated in retinal vascular dysfunction associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy, the temporal influence of hyperglycemia on retinal arteriolar reactivity remains unclear. Development of a large animal model of diabetes relevant to the human retina for evaluation of vascular function is also lacking. Herein, we examined nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilation and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced constriction in retinal arterioles at various time periods in a porcine model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Retinal arterioles were isolated from streptozocin-induced diabetic pigs (2, 6, and 12 weeks of hyperglycemia, 427 ± 23 mg/dL) and age-matched control pigs (73 ± 4 mg/dL), and then cannulated and pressurized for vasoreactivity study using videomicroscopic techniques. RESULTS Retinal arterioles isolated from control and diabetic pigs developed comparable levels of myogenic tone. The endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasodilations to bradykinin and stepwise increases in luminal flow were significantly reduced within 2 weeks of hyperglycemia. The inhibitory effect was comparable following 6 and 12 weeks of hyperglycemia. However, the endothelium-independent vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside was unaffected. Constriction of retinal arterioles to ET-1 was unaltered at all time periods of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first direct evidence for selective impairment of endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles within 2 weeks of hyperglycemia in a pig model of diabetes. By contrast, the ability of arteriolar smooth muscle to dilate to NO donor or contract to ET-1 was unaffected throughout the study period. This endothelial vasodilator dysfunction during early diabetes may contribute to development of retinopathy with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Hein
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA.
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Dyrlund TF, Poulsen ET, Scavenius C, Nikolajsen CL, Thøgersen IB, Vorum H, Enghild JJ. Human cornea proteome: identification and quantitation of the proteins of the three main layers including epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4231-9. [PMID: 22698189 PMCID: PMC3411198 DOI: 10.1021/pr300358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the cornea are common and refer to conditions like infections, injuries and genetic defects. Morphologically, many corneal diseases affect only certain layers of the cornea and separate analysis of the individual layers is therefore of interest to explore the basic molecular mechanisms involved in corneal health and disease. In this study, the three main layers including, the epithelium, stroma and endothelium of healthy human corneas were isolated. Prior to analysis by LC-MS/MS the proteins from the different layers were either (i) separated by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel trypsinization, (ii) in-solution digested without prior protein separation or, (iii) in-solution digested followed by cation exchange chromatography. A total of 3250 unique Swiss-Prot annotated proteins were identified in human corneas, 2737 in the epithelium, 1679 in the stroma, and 880 in the endothelial layer. Of these, 1787 proteins have not previously been identified in the human cornea by mass spectrometry. In total, 771 proteins were quantified, 157 based on in-solution digestion and 770 based on SDS-PAGE separation followed by in-gel digestion of excised gel pieces. Protein analysis showed that many of the identified proteins are plasma proteins involved in defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Dyrlund
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, and Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark
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