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van de Langenberg D, Vlaanderen J, Berentzen N, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R. Associating night-shift work with lifetime use of sleep medication and sleep quality in a cohort of female nurses. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:1056-1068. [PMID: 37758464 PMCID: PMC10752347 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Night-shift workers often sleep at moments, not in sync with their circadian rhythm. Though the acute effects of night-shift work on sleep quality directly after a night shift are well described, less is known about the chronic effects of night-shift work on sleep. We associated ever-working night shifts and recently working night shifts (<4 wk) with lifetime use of sleep medication and melatonin, self-reported average sleep duration and sleep quality over the 4 wk preceding inclusion (measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep scale). We explored trends in sleep outcomes with average frequency of night shifts per week, tenure of night-shift works in years, and time since last performed night work. This research was conducted within the Nightingale study which is a Dutch cohort study of 59,947 female registered nurses aged 18 to 65. Working night shifts was not associated with self-reported nonoptimal sleep length and sleep quality. However, we observed higher odds of lifetime use of sleep medication for nurses who ever-worked night shifts (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.13, 1.35) and who recently worked night shifts (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.22); with night-shift work frequency and tenure being associated with lifetime use of sleep medication (P-value for trend < 0.001 for both). Odds for melatonin use were elevated for nurses who ever worked night shifts (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.40, 1.71) and recently worked night shifts (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.59, 1,86). The findings of this study have practical implications for healthcare organizations that employ nurses working night shifts. The observed associations between night-shift work and increased lifetime use of prescribed sleep medication and melatonin highlight the need for targeted support and interventions to address the potential long-term sleep problems faced by these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlla van de Langenberg
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Berentzen
- Flora van Leeuwen Epidemiology of Cancer, NKI, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Reid Ms MP, Dautovich PhD ND. The motivation behind better sleep: self-determination as a framework for examining sleep outcomes in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2538-2549. [PMID: 34788563 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1978460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sleep health within a self-determination framework across a diverse college sample. PARTICIPANTS A nonclinical sample of undergraduate students (n = 399) from a large, urban, public university in the Mid-Atlantic United States in Spring 2020. METHODS Participants were recruited via an online research participation portal and received extra credit for participation. All measures were administered via an online survey. RESULTS Basic psychological need satisfaction was associated with sleep health. This association was partially mediated by sleep hygiene but not by regulatory style. There were no racial/ethnic differences in sleep health, sleep hygiene, basic need satisfaction, or regulatory style. Men reported more maladaptive motivational styles for sleep health, and non-binary/transgender students reported worse sleep hygiene. CONCLUSION Basic psychological need satisfaction and sleep hygiene are critical targets for intervention across diverse college student populations. Motivation may be less critical for nonclinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Reid Ms
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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3
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Agrawal P, Singh SM, Kohn J, Kohn TP, Clifton M. Sleep Disorders Are Associated with Female Sexual Desire and Genital Response - A U.S. Claims Database Analysis. Urology 2023; 172:79-83. [PMID: 36455681 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of common sleep disorders with female sexual dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Adult women diagnosed with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or circadian rhythm sleep disorder were assessed to determine the association with female sexual dysfunction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female orgasmic disorder, and female sexual arousal disorder. A propensity-score matched control cohort for age, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, outpatient service utilization, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, and surgical procedures on the female genital system was generated, excluding those with any sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, or morbid obesity with alveolar hypoventilation. All cohorts excluded those with any antidepressant or antipsychotic prescriptions. RESULTS Our query yielded 1,317,491 women diagnosed with sleep apnea, 1,538,567 with insomnia, and 58,902 with circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Women with sleep apnea and insomnia had higher odds of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorder compared to matched controls. Women with sleep apnea, insomnia, or circadian rhythm sleep disorder all had a significantly higher odds of female sexual dysfunction compared to matched controls. CONCLUSION In this large cross-sectional analysis, sleep disorders were strongly associated with female sexual dysfunction. It is thus crucial for providers to screen for poor sleep when conducting a thorough evaluation for sexual dysfunction in women to diagnose highly prevalent sleep disorders and improve overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajya M Singh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jaden Kohn
- The Johns Hopkins Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baltimore, MD
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Marisa Clifton
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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4
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Messman BA, Wiley JF, Yap Y, Tung YC, Almeida IM, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Slavish DC. How much does sleep vary from night-to-night? A quantitative summary of intraindividual variability in sleep by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity across eight-pooled datasets. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13680. [PMID: 35811092 PMCID: PMC9649840 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Habitual sleep duration and efficiency vary widely by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity. Despite growing research on the importance of night-to-night, intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep, few studies have examined demographic differences in sleep IIV. The present study describes typical sleep IIV overall and by demographics among healthy sleepers. Eight datasets of healthy sleepers (N = 2,404; 26,121 total days of sleep data) were synthesised to examine age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity differences in sleep IIV measured via diaries, actigraphy, and electroencephalography (EEG). Sleep IIV estimates included the intraindividual standard deviation (iSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), coefficient of variation (CV), and a validated Bayesian Variability Model (BVM). There was substantial IIV in sleep across measurement types (diary, actigraphy, EEG) for both sleep duration (iSD: 85.80 [diary], 77.41 [actigraphy], 67.04 [EEG] minutes; RMSSD: 118.91, 108.89, 91.93 minutes; CV: 19.19%, 19.11%, 18.57%; BVM: 60.60, 58.20, 48.60 minutes) and sleep efficiency (iSD: 5.18% [diary], 5.22% [actigraphy], 6.46% [EEG]; RMSSD: 7.01%, 7.08%, 8.44%; CV: 5.80%, 6.27%, 8.14%; BVM: 3.40%, 3.58%, 4.16%). Younger adults had more diary and actigraphy sleep duration IIV. Gender differences were inconsistent. White and non-Hispanic/Latinx adults had less IIV in sleep duration and efficiency compared to racial/ethnic minority groups. Even among healthy sleepers, sleep varies widely from night-to-night. Like mean sleep, there also may be disparities in IIV in sleep by demographic characteristics. Study results help characterise normative values of sleep IIV in healthy sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Joshua F. Wiley
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan Chi Tung
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Isamar M. Almeida
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jessica R. Dietch
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Daniel J. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Danica C. Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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5
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Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Zaki NFW, Karthikeyan R, Spence DW, Reiter RJ, Brown GM. Timing is everything: Circadian rhythms and their role in the control of sleep. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100978. [PMID: 35033557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and the circadian clock are intertwined and have persisted throughout history. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates sleep by controlling circadian (Process C) and homeostatic (Process S) activities. As a "hand" on the endogenous circadian clock, melatonin is critical for sleep regulation. Light serves as a cue for sleep/wake control by activating retino-recipient cells in the SCN and subsequently suppressing melatonin. Clock genes are the molecular timekeepers that keep the 24 h cycle in place. Two main sleep and behavioural disorder diagnostic manuals have now officially recognised the importance of these processes for human health and well-being. The body's ability to respond to daily demands with the least amount of effort is maximised by carefully timing and integrating all components of sleep and waking. In the brain, the organization of timing is essential for optimal brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc, College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, 1107 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nevin F W Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Molecular Brain Sciences, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Yu SC, Hsu HP, Guo JL, Chen SF, Huang SH, Chen YC, Huang CM. Exploration of the experiences of working stressors and coping strategies associated with menstrual symptoms among nurses with shifting schedules: a Q methodology investigation. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:238. [PMID: 34823511 PMCID: PMC8620663 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The essence and workload of nursing can easily lead to burdens associated with female nurses’ menstrual symptoms, and consequently, result in decreased working performance. Without effective support this can lead to resignation due to maladaptation. This study adopted Q methodology to explore the experience of working stressors and coping strategies associated with menstrual symptoms among nurses with shifting schedules. Methods Data were collected in two stages. First, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect nurses’ experiences. Sentences that best fit the study’s purpose were extracted for the construction of Q statements. Second, nurses were allowed to subjectively rank these Q statements by using Q-sorts. A total of 90 participants ranked the designed Q statements. The Q factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution that accounted for 48.90% of the total variance. Results The five evident factors included: menstrual symptoms interfering in collaboration with colleagues, deficiency of professional function and stress due to symptoms burden, diverse experiences without a clear pattern, adapted self-management with and without medication use, and stress due to symptoms burden and using medication for self-management. Conclusions The identification of these five groups may facilitate the development of responsive strategies to meet nurses’ preferences. Furthermore, identifying workplace factors that are associated with the adverse effects of menstrual symptoms on nurses will be helpful for nursing supervisors and hospital managers. Additionally, strategies that can be implemented to create supportive work environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Yu
- Department of Nursing, Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yonghe Dist., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Pei Hsu
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Long Guo
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-He Huang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mieh Huang
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, 11221, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Bevilacqua G, D'Angelo S, Ntani G, Stevens M, Linaker CH, Walker-Bone K. Shift work amongst older UK workers and job exit. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:429-438. [PMID: 34693446 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night/shift work may be increasing but there are few data about the prevalence amongst older workers. With governments encouraging people to work to older ages, it is important to know how feasible night/shift work is for them and whether there are any adverse health consequences. AIMS Amongst current older workers (aged 50-64 years), to explore the prevalence of night/shift working and evaluate its health impacts and sustainability over 4 years of follow-up. METHODS Data from the Health and Employment After Fifty cohort were used to describe the demographic, job and health characteristics of men and women undertaking night/shift work. Longitudinal data were used to examine the number and nature of exits annually thereafter. RESULTS Amongst the 5409 working at baseline, 32% reported night/shift work in sectors which differed by sex. Night/shift workers were more likely to be: current smokers; doing physically demanding work; struggling to cope at work; dissatisfied with their hours; depressed; sleeping poorly; rating their health poorly. Women whose job involves night work were more likely to exit the workforce over 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Almost one in three contemporary UK older workers report night/shift work. We found some evidence of adverse impacts on health, sleep and well-being and higher rates of job exit amongst women. More research is needed but night/shift work may be challenging to sustain for older workers and could have health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bevilacqua
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S D'Angelo
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - G Ntani
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - M Stevens
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C H Linaker
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - K Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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8
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Pilcher JJ, Morris DM. Sleep and Organizational Behavior: Implications for Workplace Productivity and Safety. Front Psychol 2020; 11:45. [PMID: 32082218 PMCID: PMC7005570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between sleep and work-related behaviors influence many aspects of employee performance, safety, and health as well as organizational-level success. Although it is well established that quantity and quality of sleep can affect different types of task performance and personal health, the interactions between sleep habits and organizational behaviors have received much less attention. It is important to examine how sleep habits and workplace behaviors relate and the role of the underlying circadian rhythm on the potential impact of sleep and sleepiness in the workplace. Developing a deeper understanding of how sleep habits and sleepiness impact workers and the organization can help provide the necessary background for human resource management to develop more progressive support networks for employees that benefit both the worker and the organization. Human resources and employees should emphasize the impact of good sleep and sleep habits on organizational and individual productivity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- June J Pilcher
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Drew M Morris
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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9
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Leso V, Gervetti P, Mauro S, Macrini MC, Ercolano ML, Iavicoli I. Shift work and migraine: A systematic review. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12116. [PMID: 32515906 PMCID: PMC7154593 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of headache, mainly affecting the working age population with a great socioeconomic impact. The etiology of migraine is still uncertain, and various individual and/or environmental risk factors have been suggested as triggers of the attacks, including irregularities in the sleep-wake rhythm. In this perspective, it is possible that shift and night work, affecting circadian rhythms, may play a key function in the disease pathogenesis. Therefore, aim of this review was to provide an overview on the possible association between shift works and migraine development or clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of literature studies available in Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases, addressing the possible shift work-migraine relationship was performed. RESULTS Conflicting data emerged from the revised studies. Some results supported a positive association between migraine prevalence and shift works, according to peculiar job tasks, seniority in shift works, specific work schedules, and number of night shifts performed in a month. However, other investigations failed to confirm such findings. CONCLUSIONS The limited number of available studies, their cross-sectional nature, the different criteria employed for migraine diagnosis, and the various shift work schedules analyzed, together with exposure to other confounding factors on workplace do not allow to extrapolate definite conclusions on shift work-migraine relationship. From an occupational health perspective, further studies appear necessary to better understand such exposure-disease association and possibly define risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of susceptible and/or migraine affected workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Paola Gervetti
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Sara Mauro
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Maria C. Macrini
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Maria L. Ercolano
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Section of Occupational MedicineDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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10
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Sandoe CH, Sasikumar S, Lay C, Lawler V. The Impact of Shift Work on Migraine: A Case Series and Narrative Review. Headache 2019; 59:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire H. Sandoe
- Center for Headache, Division of Neurology, Women’s College Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Sanskriti Sasikumar
- Center for Headache, Division of Neurology, Women’s College Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Christine Lay
- Center for Headache, Division of Neurology, Women’s College Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Valerie Lawler
- Center for Headache, Division of Neurology, Women’s College Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
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11
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RITONJA J, ARONSON KJ, MATTHEWS RW, BOIVIN DB, KANTERMANN T. Working Time Society consensus statements: Individual differences in shift work tolerance and recommendations for research and practice. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:201-212. [PMID: 30700671 PMCID: PMC6449641 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is no standard definition of shift work universally, and no validated report of complete biological adjustment to shift work in workers. Similarly, the evidence for shift work tolerance is limited due to a small number of studies and a narrow range of outcome measures. This paper discusses evidence to date regarding individual differences in shift work tolerance and highlights areas for future research and recommendations for workplace practice. The few factors that are consistently associated with perceived or actual shift work tolerance are young age, low scores of morningness or being a late chronotype, low scores of languidity and neuroticism, high scores on extraversion, internal locus of control and flexibility and male sex. An important first step is to differentiate between factors that are potentially modifiable, such as those that are determined by lifestyle choices, and those factors specific to the working time arrangement. Identifying determinants of shift work tolerance and the ability to adjust to shift work, whether they are innate and/or acquired mechanisms, is important so workers who are less likely to tolerate shift work well can be self-identified and supported with appropriate harm/risk minimization strategies. This paper also identifies important areas for future research with the goal of increasing the evidence base on which we can develop evidence-based harm mitigation strategies for shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer RITONJA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Division of Cancer
Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Canada
| | - Kristan J. ARONSON
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Division of Cancer
Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Canada
| | - Raymond W. MATTHEWS
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, CQUniversity,
Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute,
Sweden
| | - Diane B. BOIVIN
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill
University, Canada
| | - Thomas KANTERMANN
- University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management
(FOM), Germany
- SynOpus, Germany
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12
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Jacobsen DI, Fjeldbraaten EM. Shift work and sickness absence-the mediating roles of work-home conflict and perceived health. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dag Ingvar Jacobsen
- Department of Political Science and Management; Agder University; Kristiansand Norway
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13
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Jakobsen GS, Timm AM, Hansen ÅM, Garde AH, Nabe-Nielsen K. The association between shift work and treatment-seeking migraine in Denmark. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:1207-1217. [PMID: 28042740 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1278463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the one-year prevalence of migraine is 14.9% and migraine is on the top-10 list of leading causes of years lost to disability. Sleep disturbances and irregular daily routines are considered triggers of migraine and these factors are well-known consequences of shift work. We studied the association between treatment-seeking migraine and shift work, categorised as fixed evening work, fixed night work and variable working hours with and without night work in a Danish working population of 5872 participants. When compared with fixed day workers, only participants with fixed evening work were found to have significantly increased odds of reporting treatment-seeking migraine after adjustment for socio-demographic and behavioural covariates (OR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.05-2.32). Participants with seniority of 10 years or more notably accounted for this association. Due to the cross-sectional design, selection mechanisms may have biased the results. Practitioner Summary: The study showed higher odds of treatment-seeking migraine among evening workers even when taking a range of potential confounders into account. Due to the cross-sectional design, we cannot draw any causal inferences, but potential mechanisms underlying the present study are discussed, with an emphasis on possible selection into evening work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Sofie Jakobsen
- a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Matilde Timm
- a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- b Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Alencar JCND, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Duarte LL, Louzada F, Fontenele Araujo J, Pedrazzoli M. Self-reported discomfort associated with Daylight Saving Time in Brazilian tropical and subtropical zones. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:628-635. [PMID: 28715917 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1355982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daylight Saving Time (DST) annually moves clocks 1 hour forward, when daytime is longer than night. Previous studies from medium and high latitude locations have pointed to a disruptive effect of DST on human circadian rhythms. Since Brazil is an equatorial country implementing DST, a different relationship between photic and social synchronisers may interfere with DST effects. AIM To explore the prevalence and duration of self-reported discomfort related to DST among Brazilian residents (latitude 12-33° S, longditude 39-57° W). It was hypothesised that an elevated prevalence of self-reported discomfort would be found in Brazil, due to the pronounced uncoupling between social and geophysical synchronisers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 12 467 volunteers completed a web-based, Brazilian version of Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, provided demographic information, and answered questions related to DST complaints (discomfort, duration of discomfort). RESULTS Of the total sample, 45.43% reported no discomfort related to DST, with meaningful proportions for all chronotypes. However, eveningness was most associated with discomfort. About one fourth of the total sample reported discomfort over the whole DST period. Gender interaction is largely supported by these results. CONCLUSIONS DST at low latitude locations may be disruptive for circadian rhythms, since seasonality of sunrise near the equator is negligible or very mild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario André Leocadio-Miguel
- b Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Leandro Lourenção Duarte
- d Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia , Santo Antônio de Jesus , Brazil
| | - Fernando Louzada
- e Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - John Fontenele Araujo
- b Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Mario Pedrazzoli
- f Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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Nabe-Nielsen K, Jensen MA, Hansen ÅM, Kristiansen J, Garde AH. What is the preferred number of consecutive night shifts? results from a crossover intervention study among police officers in Denmark. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:1392-1402. [PMID: 26947135 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1136698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among police officers in Denmark, we studied (i) how many consecutive night shifts participants preferred at baseline; (ii) preferences regarding three intervention conditions (two, four, and seven consecutive night shifts followed by the same number of days off/day shifts: '2 + 2', '4 + 4', '7 + 7') at follow-up; (iii) characteristics of participants preferring each of these intervention conditions. Questionnaire data from a crossover intervention study were used (baseline: n = 73; follow-up: n = 68). At baseline, 49% preferred four consecutive night shifts. At follow-up, 57% preferred '4 + 4', 26% preferred '2 + 2' and 26% preferred '7 + 7'. Participants, who preferred longer spells of night work experienced that night work was less demanding, found it easier to sleep at different times of the day, and were more frequently evening types compared with participants who preferred shorter spells of night work. The participants' preferences are likely to be influenced by their previous shift work experience. Practitioner Summary: We investigated police officers' preferences regarding the number of consecutive night shifts. The majority preferred four consecutive night shifts. Those who preferred the longer spells of night work found night work less demanding, found it easier to sleep at different times of the day, and were more frequently evening types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- a Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine , University of Copenhagen, Centre for Health and Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marie Aarrebo Jensen
- a Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine , University of Copenhagen, Centre for Health and Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
- b The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- a Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine , University of Copenhagen, Centre for Health and Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
- b The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jesper Kristiansen
- b The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- a Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine , University of Copenhagen, Centre for Health and Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
- b The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Joo YH, Kim SW, Cho HJ, Lee SJ, Bea HR, Jeon SY. The Use of Mobile Applications to Monitor Sleep Quality and Alertness during Shift Work in Nurses: A Preliminary Study. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2015.6.2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sleep disorders in physicians who perform shift work can result in increased risks of health problems that negatively impact performance and patient safety. Even those who cope well with shift work are likely to suffer from sleep disorders. The aim of this manuscript is to discuss possible causes, contributing factors and consequences of sleep disorders in physicians and to identify measures that can improve adaptation to shift work and treatment strategies for shift work-associated sleep disorders. The risk factors that influence the development of sleep disorders in physicians are numerous and include genetic factors (15 % of the population), age (> 50 years), undiagnosed sleep apnea,, alcohol abuse as well as multiple stress factors inherent in clinical duties (including shift work), research, teaching and family obligations. Several studies have reported an increased risk for medical errors in sleep-deprived physicians. Shift workers have an increased risk for psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases and shift work may also be a contributing factor to cancer. A relationship has been reported not only with sleep deprivation and changes in food intake but also with diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Nicotine and alcohol consumption are more frequent among shift workers. Increased sickness and accident rates among physicians when commuting (especially after night shifts) have a socioeconomic impact. In order to reduce fatigue and to improve performance, short naps during shiftwork or naps plus caffeine, have been proposed as coping strategies; however, napping during adverse circadian phases is less effective, if not impossible when unable to fall asleep. Bright and blue light supports alertness during a night shift. After shiftwork, direct sunlight exposure to the retina can be avoided by using dark sunglasses or glasses with orange lenses for commuting home. The home environment for daytime sleeping after a night shift should be very dark to allow endogenous melatonin secretion, which is a night signal and supports continuous sleep. Sleep disorders can be treated with timed light exposure, as well as behavioral and environmental strategies to compensate for sleep deprivation. Fatigue due to sleep deprivation can only be systematically treated with sleep.
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Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Dørheim SK, Eberhard-Gran M. Trajectories of maternal sleep problems before and after childbirth: a longitudinal population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26031504 PMCID: PMC4458335 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems are common during pregnancy and in the postnatal period, but there is still a lack of longitudinal population-based studies assessing the quantity and quality of sleep in these women. The aim of the current study was to examine the natural development and stability of insomnia and short sleep duration in women from pregnancy to two years postpartum. Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study (the Akershus Birth Cohort Study) of 1480 healthy women, who completed three comprehensive health surveys, at week 32 of pregnancy, week 8 postpartum and year 2 postpartum. The survey was composed of the following validated questionnaires: the Bergen Insomnia Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Differences in sleep characteristics between the three assessment points were compared using Analyses of Variance with repeated measures, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the stability of sleep variables. Results One thousand four hundred and eighty women completed all three surveys, and the mean age at birth was 30.7 (+/−4.9). The prevalence of insomnia remained stable at 60 % at the first two time periods, and remained high at 41 % at year 2 postpartum. The mean sleep duration at the three time periods was 7 h 16 min, 6 h 31 min, and 6 h 52 min, respectively. Concurrent maternal depression could not explain the stability of sleep problems from during and immediately after pregnancy, to sleep problems 2 years postpartum. Conclusion Both insomnia and short sleep duration were found to be very common both before and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Sivertsen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway. .,The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, P.O. Box 7810, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, P.O. Box 2170, N-5504, Haugesund, Norway.
| | - Mari Hysing
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, P.O. Box 7810, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Signe K Dørheim
- Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, Stavanger, NO-4068, Norway.
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway. .,Health Services Research Center, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway.
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Mallampalli MP, Carter CL. Exploring sex and gender differences in sleep health: a Society for Women's Health Research Report. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 23:553-62. [PMID: 24956068 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous attempts have been made to address sleep disorders in women; however, significant knowledge gaps in research and a lack of awareness among the research community continue to exist. There is a great need for scientists and clinicians to consider sex and gender differences in their sleep research to account for the unique biology of women. To understand the role of sex differences in sleep and the state of women's sleep health research, the Society for Women's Health Research convened an interdisciplinary expert panel of well-established sleep researchers and clinicians for a roundtable meeting. Focused discussions on basic and clinical research along with a focus on specific challenges facing women with sleep-related problems and effective therapies led to the identification of knowledge gaps and the development of research-related recommendations. Additionally, sex differences in sleep disorders were noted and discussed in the context of underlying hormonal differences. Differences in sleep behavior and sleep disorders may not only be driven by biological factors but also by gender differences in the way women and men report symptoms. Progress has been made in identifying sex and gender differences in many areas of sleep, but major research gaps in the areas of epidemiology, sleep regulation, sleep quality, diagnosis, and treatment need to be addressed. Identifying the underlying nature of sex and gender differences in sleep research has potential to accelerate improved care for both men and women facilitating better diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately prevention of sleep disorders and related comorbid conditions.
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Hakim F, Wang Y, Zhang SXL, Zheng J, Yolcu ES, Carreras A, Khalyfa A, Shirwan H, Almendros I, Gozal D. Fragmented sleep accelerates tumor growth and progression through recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and TLR4 signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1329-37. [PMID: 24448240 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep fragmentation (SF) is a highly prevalent condition and a hallmark of sleep apnea, a condition that has been associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that sleep fragmentation promotes tumor growth and progression through proinflammatory TLR4 signaling. In the design, we compared mice that were exposed to sleep fragmentation one week before engraftment of syngeneic TC1 or LL3 tumor cells and tumor analysis four weeks later. We also compared host contributions through the use of mice genetically deficient in TLR4 or its effector molecules MYD88 or TRIF. We found that sleep fragmentation enhanced tumor size and weight compared with control mice. Increased invasiveness was apparent in sleep fragmentation tumors, which penetrated the tumor capsule into surrounding tissues, including adjacent muscle. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were more numerous in sleep fragmentation tumors, where they were distributed in a relatively closer proximity to the tumor capsule compared with control mice. Although tumors were generally smaller in both MYD88(-/-) and TRIF(-/-) hosts, the more aggressive features produced by sleep fragmentation persisted. In contrast, these more aggressive features produced by sleep fragmentation were abolished completely in TLR4(-/-) mice. Our findings offer mechanistic insights into how sleep perturbations can accelerate tumor growth and invasiveness through TAM recruitment and TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed Hakim
- Authors' Affiliations: Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Hu LY, Chen PM, Hu YW, Shen CC, Perng CL, Su TP, Yen SH, Tzeng CH, Chiou TJ, Yeh CM, Chen TJ, Wang WS, Liu CJ. The risk of cancer among patients with sleep disturbance: a nationwide retrospective study in Taiwan. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:757-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nabe-Nielsen K, Lund H, Ajslev JZ, Hansen ÅM, Albertsen K, Hvid H, Garde AH. How do employees prioritise when they schedule their own shifts? ERGONOMICS 2013; 56:1216-1224. [PMID: 23826655 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2013.815804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated how employees prioritised when they scheduled their own shifts and whether priorities depended on age, gender, educational level, cohabitation and health status. We used cross-sectional questionnaire data from the follow-up survey of an intervention study investigating the effect of self-scheduling (n = 317). Intervention group participants were asked about their priorities when scheduling their own shifts succeeded by 17 items covering family/private life, economy, job content, health and sleep. At least half of the participants reported that they were giving high priority to their family life, having consecutive time off, leisure-time activities, rest between shifts, sleep, regularity of their everyday life, health and that the work schedule balanced. Thus, employees consider both their own and the workplace's needs when they have the opportunity to schedule their own shifts. Age, gender, cohabitation and health status were all significantly associated with at least one of these priorities. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY Intervention studies report limited health effects of self-scheduling. Therefore, we investigated to what extent employees prioritise their health and recuperation when scheduling their own shifts. We found that employees not only consider both their health and family but also the workplace's needs when they schedule their own shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- a Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 , Copenhagen K , Denmark
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Mauss D, Litaker D, Jarczok MN, Li J, Bosch JA, Fischer JE. Anti-clockwise rotating shift work and health: would you prefer 3-shift or 4-shift operation? Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:599-608. [PMID: 23334903 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the association between work schedules involving nightshifts and selected measures of health and whether these associations differed among those working in either 3- or 4-shift cycles. METHODS Employees at a German industrial company who worked on a fixed daytime schedule or on one involving nightshifts were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Work schedules involving a nightshift were organized into either 3 or 4 shifts rotated anti-clockwise on a weekly basis. Health characteristics included a range of clinical and physiological measures and self-reported data on stress and sleep quality. We assessed the independent association of work schedules involving any nightshift and these health characteristics in separate regression analyses, adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Nightshift work (N = 133) in general and 3-shift-work (N = 53) in particular was associated with decreased sleep quality (P < 0.001). Compared to those working daytime (N = 632), employees working on a 3-shift cycle had higher adjusted odds of meeting the definition of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.56 [1.38, 4.75]). Employees working 4-shift cycles were somewhat less likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.22 [0.73, 2.05]) and had higher parasympathetic activity measured by heart rate variability (OR = 2.20 [1.04, 4.63]). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest important relationships between shift schedule and a selected group of objective and subjective health measures. Additional research that further clarifies potential mechanisms underlying these relationships is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty; Heidelberg University; Mannheim; Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine; University of Dusseldorf; Dusseldorf; Germany
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Hardeland R, Madrid JA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin, the circadian multioscillator system and health: the need for detailed analyses of peripheral melatonin signaling. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:139-66. [PMID: 22034907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating regarding the importance of circadian core oscillators, several associated factors, and melatonin signaling in the maintenance of health. Dysfunction of endogenous clocks, melatonin receptor polymorphisms, age- and disease-associated declines of melatonin likely contribute to numerous diseases including cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2, hypertension, and several mood and cognitive disorders. Consequences of gene silencing, overexpression, gene polymorphisms, and deviant expression levels in diseases are summarized. The circadian system is a complex network of central and peripheral oscillators, some of them being relatively independent of the pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Actions of melatonin on peripheral oscillators are poorly understood. Various lines of evidence indicate that these clocks are also influenced or phase-reset by melatonin. This includes phase differences of core oscillator gene expression under impaired melatonin signaling, effects of melatonin and melatonin receptor knockouts on oscillator mRNAs or proteins. Cross-connections between melatonin signaling pathways and oscillator proteins, including associated factors, are discussed in this review. The high complexity of the multioscillator system comprises alternate or parallel oscillators based on orthologs and paralogs of the core components and a high number of associated factors with varying tissue-specific importance, which offers numerous possibilities for interactions with melatonin. It is an aim of this review to stimulate research on melatonin signaling in peripheral tissues. This should not be restricted to primary signal molecules but rather include various secondarily connected pathways and discriminate between direct effects of the pineal indoleamine at the target organ and others mediated by modulation of oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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Richter K, Acker J, Kamcev N, Bajraktarov S, Piehl A, Niklewski G. Recommendations for the prevention of breast cancer in shift workers. EPMA J 2011. [PMID: 23199173 PMCID: PMC3405398 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-011-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The functioning of the human body is regulated by the rhythmical change between rest and activity. The SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) is responsible for the central control of the biorhythm and the genetic prediction of the individual chronotype, whereas peripheral time cues such as light, social contacts and times of meals modulate the rhythmical activity of the body. Shift workers suffer from a disruption of the sleep-wake rhythm, insomnia and a lack of melatonin. These factors might trigger the development of breast cancer in female shift workers. The growing amount of data which indicate the high risk of breast cancer in female shift workers demonstrates the need for the implementation of prevention strategies against insomnia in shift workers. These strategies include regular sleep education courses on the prevention of sleep disorders in companies. The individual chronotype could be an important predictor for the adaptability to shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kneginja Richter
- Center for sleep medicine, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Haus 34, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Straße 1, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
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Bratlid D. Working conditions and female reproductive health. World J Pediatr 2011; 7:101-2. [PMID: 21574024 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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