1
|
Ipe TS, Tanhehco YC, Booth GS, Adkins BD. Gender differences in scholarly productivity of early-career transfusion medicine physicians. Vox Sang 2024; 119:490-495. [PMID: 38469683 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Promotion in academic medicine requires evidence of the creation and dissemination of scholarly output, primarily through peer-reviewed publications. Studies demonstrate that scholarly activity and impact are lower for women physicians than for men physicians, especially during the early stages of their academic careers. This report reviewed physicians' academic productivity after passing their Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine (BBTM) subspecialty exam to determine if gender discrepancies exist. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was designed to determine trends in scholarly activity for women physicians versus men physicians in BBTM. Indexed publications were reviewed using iCite, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Portfolio Analysis tool, from 1 January 2017 to 1 December 2021, for BBTM examinees who passed the sub-speciality fellowship exam in the years 2016 through 2018. RESULTS Overall, women physicians had statistically significant fewer total career publications (median 6 vs. 9 cumulative papers, p = 0.03). Women published at a lower rate after passing BBTM boards, which was not statistically significant (0.7 vs. 1.3 publications per year). Other statistically significant findings include fewer early-career BBTM women physicians were first authors compared with men physicians (p = 0.03) and impact as assessed by relative citation ratio was higher for men (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that there are gender differences in scholarly productivity and impact on early-career BBTM physicians. Given that this cohort of BBTM physicians are early-career professionals, the significant difference in first authorship publications between women and men physicians is especially concerning. Publication metrics should be followed to ensure equitable research environments for early-career BBTM physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina S Ipe
- Center for Apheresis and Regenerative Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yvette C Tanhehco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian D Adkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tischendorf JS, Krecko LK, Filipiak R, Osman F, Zelenski AB. Gender influences resident physicians' perception of an employee-to-employee recognition program: a mixed methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:109. [PMID: 38302913 PMCID: PMC10835820 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is prevalent in medical training. While some institutions have implemented employee-to-employee recognition programs to promote wellness, it is not known how such programs are perceived by resident physicians, or if the experience differs among residents of different genders. METHODS We used convergent mixed methods to characterize how residents in internal medicine (IM), pediatrics, and general surgery programs experience our employee-to-employee recognition ("Hi-5″) program. We collected Hi-5s received by residents in these programs from January 1, 2021-December 31, 2021 and coded them for recipient discipline, sex, and PGY level and sender discipline and professional role. We conducted virtual focus groups with residents in each training program. MAIN MEASURES AND APPROACH We compared Hi-5 receipt between male and female residents; overall and from individual professions. We submitted focus group transcripts to content analysis with codes generated iteratively and emergent themes identified through consensus coding. RESULTS Over a 12-month period, residents received 382 Hi-5s. There was no significant difference in receipt of Hi-5s by male and female residents. Five IM, 3 surgery, and 12 pediatric residents participated in focus groups. Residents felt Hi-5s were useful for interprofessional feedback and to mitigate burnout. Residents who identified as women shared concerns about differing expectations of professional behavior and communication based on gender, a fear of backlash when behavior does not align with gender stereotypes, and professional misidentification. CONCLUSIONS The "Hi-5" program is valuable for interprofessional feedback and promotion of well-being but is experienced differently by men and women residents. This limitation of employee-to-employee recognition should be considered when designing equitable programming to promote well-being and recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Tischendorf
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Medical Foundation Centennial Building Room 5263, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Laura K Krecko
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Rachel Filipiak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Medical Foundation Centennial Building Room 5263, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Fauzia Osman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Amy B Zelenski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee JK, Levine RB, Yousem DM, Faraday N, Skarupski KA, Ishii M, Daugherty Biddison EL, Oliva-Hemker M. Commitment to inclusion: The importance of collaboration in gender equity work. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057241252574. [PMID: 38742705 PMCID: PMC11095174 DOI: 10.1177/17455057241252574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of faculty professional development programs created to prepare women for leadership, gender inequities persist in salary, promotion, and leadership roles. Indeed, men still earn more than women, are more likely than women to hold the rank of professor, and hold the vast majority of positions of power in academic medicine. Institutions demonstrate commitment to their faculty's growth by investing resources, including creating faculty development programs. These programs are essential to help prepare women to lead and navigate the highly matrixed, complex systems of academic medicine. However, data still show that women persistently lag behind men in their career advancement and salary. Clearly, training women to adapt to existing structures and norms alone is not sufficient. To effectively generate organizational change, leaders with power and resources must commit to gender equity. This article describes several efforts by the Office of Faculty in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to broaden inclusivity in collaborative work for gender equity. The authors are women and men leaders in the Office of Faculty, which is within the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine dean's office and includes Women in Science and Medicine. Here, we discuss potential methods to advance gender equity using inclusivity based on our institutional experience and on the findings of other studies. Ongoing data collection to evaluate programmatic outcomes in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine will be reported in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lee
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel B Levine
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Yousem
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Skarupski
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - EL Daugherty Biddison
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Oliva-Hemker
- Office of Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mashoudy KD, Choragudi S, Schachner B, Zippi Z, Rohrabaugh I, Nouri K. Trends in Mohs surgery fellowship directors. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 316:46. [PMID: 38103112 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to illustrate demographic trends among Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) Fellowship Directors. Our search was constructed from the 2022 to 2023 Mohs Micrographic Surgery Fellowship Directory on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) website. Datapoints gathered included: age, sex, residency/fellowship training location, time since training completion until FD appointment, length in FD role, and personal research H-index. We identified 77 FDs, of which all 77 were included in this study. The mean age was 55.5 years; 55 (71.4%) were men and 20 (26.0%) were women. Most of the FDs who completed the survey did not self-report ethnicity or race, so these measures were not included. The top residency institutions that produced the most FDs were Cleveland Clinic (n = 4), Mayo Clinic (n = 4), New York University Medical Center (NYU, n = 4), and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA, n = 4); the top fellowship institutions were NYU (n = 7), UCLA (n = 5), Cleveland Clinic (n = 4), and Geisinger Medical Center (n = 4). The mean H-index was 15.9, the mean number of peer-reviewed publications was 71, and the mean time from training completion until FD appointment was 10 years. Our results indicate that a majority of FDs are men (71.4%) and that FDs are more likely to have graduated from certain residency and fellowship programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla D Mashoudy
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Siri Choragudi
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Benjamin Schachner
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zachary Zippi
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Isabella Rohrabaugh
- University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Devisetty L, Smith S, Kuo IC. Satellite Faculty in an Academic Ophthalmology Department: Junior, Clinical, and Female. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:211-218. [PMID: 37188085 PMCID: PMC10181801 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the perception of physicians at satellite offices of a large academic ophthalmology department. Methods A survey was sent to the 32 physician faculty members working at the satellite offices in the Ophthalmology Department of the University of Michigan. The ophthalmologists answered 44 survey questions on staffing, wait times, physician satisfaction, patient satisfaction, compensation, administrative help, research, and operations management. Results Seventeen (53%) satellite ophthalmologists responded. The majority were satisfied with work at satellites, which they felt operated efficiently and believed to feature high patient satisfaction. A minority of ophthalmologists had concerns about salary, volume, marketing support, and geographic location. Some respondents did not understand the compensation structure, satellites' finances, or contribution to the overall department. Most described a lack of research and resident teaching opportunities at satellites. Conclusions The perceptions of ophthalmologists who work in satellite offices are important because of the growth of these offices in academic medical centers and the ability for satellite doctors to offer care comparable with and sooner than doctors at the main hospital at locations convenient for patients. Satellite ophthalmologists at this academic center would appreciate increased transparency of compensation and financial structures; administrative help with marketing and maintaining efficiency, which doctors and patients enjoy at satellite offices; and more teaching and research opportunities, which are the basis of academic advancement. Such efforts may help retain satellite doctors, who tend to be junior in rank, female, nontenured faculty, and who experience a higher turnover rate than faculty at the main campus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Devisetty
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shelby Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene C. Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Irene C. Kuo, MD, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4924 Campbell Boulevard #100, Baltimore, MD 21236, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Komlenac N, Stockinger L, Hochleitner M. Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors Moderate Associations between Work Stress and Exhaustion: Testing the Job Demands-Resources Model in Academic Staff at an Austrian Medical University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095769. [PMID: 35565163 PMCID: PMC9099746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The time-intensive work of publishing in scientific journals is an important indicator of job performance that is given much weight during promotion procedures for academic positions. The current study applied the job demands–resources model and analyzed whether family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) moderated associations between work stress and feelings of exhaustion as a job resource and whether feelings of exhaustion ultimately mediated the link between work stress and academic employees’ publication activity. The current online cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in 133 academic employees (65.4% women, 34.6% men; Mage = 41.9, SD = 10.1) at an Austrian medical university and assessed employees’ numbers of publications, H-index, work stress, feelings of exhaustion, FSSB, and work–family services used. Manifest path models revealed that FSSB moderated the link between experiencing high levels of work stress and strong feelings of exhaustion, especially in employees who had at least one child below the age of 18. Part-time employment was most strongly linked with lower numbers of publications and lower H-index levels. The finding that FSSB acted as a job resource mostly for employees with at least one child below 18 underlines the fact that FSSB is different from other forms of supervisor support. The current study supports recommendations to increase the amount of work–family services and to change organizational norms to be supportive of the successful management of family and work obligations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernández-Ruiz RE, Rosel-Gallardo EM, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221109970. [PMID: 35912432 PMCID: PMC9340893 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dentists in Spain reached equal gender representation in 2012 and the number of female dentists has continued to grow (until 57.3% in 2020). This study aims to increase evidence about the gender distribution on the high responsibility positions and opinion leaders of the dental profession and academia. Composition of the executive comities of the main dental institutions of Spain (regional professional associations, national dental association, and scientific societies), members of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada in 2020 and speakers of the main dental congresses of 2019 (due to the lack of congress in 2020) were recorded and analyzed by genders using chi-squared test (P < .05). Mean representation of female dentists in executive committees of professional associations was 35.6%. More than 70% of presidents and vice-presidents of professional colleges and more than 60% of these positions in scientific societies were occupied by male dentists. None of dental congresses of 2019 reached equal gender participation, being 81.3% of lecturers presenting on main auditoriums male dentists. Although dental workforce in Spain is slightly overrepresented by females, leadership positions and figures among Spanish dentists doesn’t seem to reflect the gender distribution of the collective. There is a lack of women occupying high-level positions in dentistry that proves the existence of the so-called “glass ceiling effect” on the profession. Further studies about sociodemographic aspects of dental workforce are needed to develop evidence-based policies for the collective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío E. Hernández-Ruiz
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M. Rosel-Gallardo
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Santiago González-López
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Silver JK, Tiwana S, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Siddiqi J, Khosa F. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Faculty Diversity Trends by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity, 2007 to 2018 in the United States. PM R 2021; 13:994-1004. [PMID: 33340253 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex and race/ethnicity disparities persist in academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R). This study contributes to the current body of knowledge by demonstrating changes in academic PM&R by sex and race/ethnicity in multiple categories over a 12-year period. OBJECTIVE To evaluate workforce disparities in academic PM&R by measuring sex and race/ethnicity diversity in academic degree, rank, and tenure status. DESIGN Surveillance study. SETTING AND METHODS Self-reported data for PM&R from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual Faculty Roster report from 2007 to 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The 12-year average percentage composition in academic degree, rank, and tenure status was calculated to compare the overall distribution. Counts and proportion changes were plotted to depict the temporal trends. Absolute changes in racial percentage composition were graphed to highlight the progress. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, the increase by sex was roughly equal (male = 216; female = 236), whereas most of the increase was in White faculty (207). The representation of female and Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) faculty decreased as academic level advanced. Instructors is the only category with a higher proportion of female faculty, from 2007 (53%) to 2018 (59.3%), whereas male faculty occupied over 75% of the full professor positions at any time. Among the non-White faculty, Asian faculty had the greatest increase in proportion of full professors (3.7% to 10%) and Hispanic/Latino faculty in associate professors (2% to 7.1%), whereas full professors who were Black/African American decreased from 4 persons (2.5%) to 2 persons (0.8%). CONCLUSION An increase in total number of female and URiM faculty was observed in academic PM&R over 2007 to 2018, but sex and ethnicity/race disparities persisted, especially in higher ranks and leadership positions. For non-White faculty, greater disparities existed, pointing toward the need to target challenges faced by URiM race/ethnicity status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabeen Tiwana
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Arrowhead Neurosurgical Medical Group, Colton, CA, USA
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
"It's a Little Different for Men"-Sponsorship and Gender in Academic Medicine: a Qualitative Study. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:1-8. [PMID: 32601927 PMCID: PMC7859157 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women remain underrepresented in top leadership positions in academic medicine. In business settings, a person with power and influence actively supporting the career advancement of a junior person is referred to as a sponsor and sponsorship programs have been used to diversify leadership. Little is known about how sponsorship functions in academic medicine. OBJECTIVE To explore perceptions of sponsorship and its relationship to gender and career advancement in academic medicine. DESIGN Qualitative study using semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with sponsors and protégés. PARTICIPANTS Twelve sponsors (clinical department chairs) and 11 protégés (participants of a school of medicine executive leadership program [N = 23]) at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. KEY RESULTS All sponsors were men and all were professors, six of the 11 protégés were women, and four of the 23 participants were underrepresented minorities in medicine. We identified three themes: (1) people (how and who): women seek out and receive sponsorship differently; (2) process (faster and further): sponsorship provides an extra boost, especially for women; and (3) politics and culture (playing favorites and paying it forward): sponsorship and fairness. Informants acknowledge that sponsorship provides an extra boost for career advancement especially for women. Sponsors and protégés differ in their perceptions of how sponsorship happens. Informants describe gender differences in how sponsorship is experienced and specifically noted that women were less likely to actively seek out sponsorship and be identified as protégés compared to men. Informants describe a tension between sponsorship and core academic values such as transparency, fairness, and merit. CONCLUSION Sponsorship is perceived to be critical to high-level advancement and is experienced differently by women. Increased understanding of how sponsorship works in academic medicine may empower individual faculty to utilize this professional relationship for career advancement and provide institutions with a strategy to diversify top leadership positions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Resar LM, Jaffee EM, Armanios M, Jackson S, Azad NS, Horton MR, Kaplan MJ, Laiho M, Maus MV, Sumner CJ, Wheelan SJ, Wills-Karp M. Equity and diversity in academic medicine: a perspective from the JCI editors. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3974-3977. [PMID: 31524636 DOI: 10.1172/jci130902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ms Resar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Oncology, and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Armanios
- Department of Oncology, and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Telomere Center and.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Jackson
- Journal of Clinical Investigation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Department of Oncology, and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology and.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah J Wheelan
- Department of Oncology, and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sadeghpour M, Sung SM, Jacobe H, Kimball AB. Career satisfaction of leaders in academic dermatology: Results from a national survey. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:25-29. [PMID: 32025557 PMCID: PMC6997821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A positive correlation between leadership roles and job satisfaction has been noted in some areas of business. Since senior leaders in academic dermatology appear to be more satisfied than their junior colleagues, a similar relationship may be important in dermatology. Objective To determine if there is an association between leadership roles and career satisfaction of academic dermatologists. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was mailed to 1263 academic dermatologists across the US. Participants were questioned on demographics and career satisfaction. Academic rank and position was compared with career satisfaction. Results The leadership cohort was comprised of 140 (77%) men and 41 (23%) women (p < 0.01). Leaders were significantly more satisfied in their careers than non-leaders (65% versus 36%, p < 0.01), and were also less likely to leave academia. Factors related to career satisfaction included satisfaction with the promotion process (p < 0.01), presence of career development programs (p < 0.02), physician health (p < 0.01), and the ability to achieve balance in one's personal and professional lives (p = 0.01). Our analysis also demonstrated a gender gap within the leadership sector, with female leaders reporting less satisfaction overall with their career (44% versus 71%, p < 0.01), with the tenure/promotion process at their institutions (89% vs. 68%, respectively, p < 0.01), as well as their personal and professional balance (49% vs. 80%, p < 0.01) compared to their male leaders counterparts respectively. However, there was no difference in the likelihood of leaving academia between male and female leaders. Conclusion Academic leaders overall had higher career satisfaction than non-leaders, and were more likely to stay within academia. Despite this, patterns of gender disparities in the academic dermatology leadership persist with males outnumbering females in the leadership pool, and male leaders reporting higher levels of satisfaction compared to their female counterparts, as well as perceiving fewer challenges in finding balance between their personal and professional lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadeghpour
- University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarah M Sung
- The Polyclinic, Department of Dermatology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Heidi Jacobe
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alexa B Kimball
- CLEARS, Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alwazzan L, Al-Angari SS. Women's leadership in academic medicine: a systematic review of extent, condition and interventions. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032232. [PMID: 31948988 PMCID: PMC7044906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because culture reflects leadership, the making of diverse and inclusive medical schools begins with diversity among leaders. The inclusion of women leaders remains elusive, warranting a systematic exploration of scholarship in this area. We ask: (1) What is the extent of women's leadership in academic medicine? (2) What factors influence women's leadership? (3) What is the impact of leadership development programmes? DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of six online databases (OvidMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and ERIC) from the earliest date available to April 2018 was conducted. Bridging searches were conducted from April 2018 until October 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Peer-reviewed; (2) English; (3) Quantitative studies (prospective and retrospective cohort, cross-sectional and preintervention/postintervention); evaluating (4) The extent of women's leadership at departmental, college and graduate programme levels; (5) Factors influencing women's leadership; (6) Leadership development programmes. Quantitative studies that explored women's leadership in journal editorial boards and professional societies and qualitative study designs were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers screened retrieved data of abstracts and full-texts for eligibility, assessment and extracted study-level data independently. The included studies were objectively appraised using the Medical Education Research Quality Study Instrument with an inter-rater reliability of (κ=0.93). RESULTS Of 4024 records retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. The extent of women's leadership was determined through gender distribution of leadership positions. Women's leadership emergence was hindered by institutional requirements such as research productivity and educational credentials, while women's enactment of leadership was hindered by lack of policy implementation. Leadership development programmes had a positive influence on women's individual enactment of leadership and on medical schools' cultures. CONCLUSIONS Scholarship on women's leadership inadvertently produced institute-centric rather than women-centric research. More robust contextualised scholarship is needed to provide practical-recommendations; drawing on existing conceptual frameworks and using more rigorous research methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Alwazzan
- Medical Education, Al Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiah S Al-Angari
- Otolaryngology, Head & Neck surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grinnell M, Higgins S, Yost K, Ochuba O, Lobl M, Grimes P, Wysong A. The proportion of male and female editors in women's health journals: A critical analysis and review of the sex gap . Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:7-12. [PMID: 32025554 PMCID: PMC6997826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, women have been underrepresented in leadership positions in medicine. The reasons for this are multifactorial. In recent years, women's representation in medicine has improved. However, inequities in the proportion of men and women in medical leadership remain, especially with regard to editorial journal boards. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore current trends of women in leadership positions on journal editorial boards. METHODS A comprehensive search for women's health journals was performed in collaboration with university librarians in February 2019 using EMBASE, Scopus, SciFinder, and MEDLINE records for journals with relevance to women's health. Each journal was e-mailed to verify the accuracy of the journal editorial boards listed on their respective webpages. Five categories, as well as the totals for each journal, were analyzed for the proportion of women versus men: editor-in-chief, associate editor, deputy editor, and section editor, and other. RESULTS Women comprised the minority of positions on women's health editorial boards. Of the total 1440 board members included, 602 members (42%) were women and 838 members (58%) were men. Women occupied 54 of 132 editor-in-chief positions (41%), 257 of 596 associate editor positions (43%), 13 of 42 deputy editor positions (30%), 46 of 120 section editor positions (38%), and 232 of 549 other editor positions (42%). CONCLUSION Although the sex gap in leadership in medicine is improving, it is still present. Our findings suggest that women are underrepresented as editors at most levels in women's health journals centered on topics such as reproductive health, obstetrics and gynecology, perinatology, gynecological oncology, and breastfeeding. With sponsorship/mentorship for women, flexible scheduling, and considerate thought in leadership appointment, this sex gap will continue to improve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Grinnell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shauna Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kelli Yost
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Olivia Ochuba
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Marissa Lobl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pearl Grimes
- Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley Wysong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lukela JR, Ramakrishnan A, Hadeed N, Del Valle J. When perception is reality: Resident perception of faculty gender parity in a university-based internal medicine residency program. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 8:346-352. [PMID: 31728840 PMCID: PMC6904409 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-019-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although women have entered medical school and internal medicine residency programs in significant numbers for decades, women faculty remain underrepresented in senior and departmental leadership roles. How residents perceive this gender disparity is unknown. We sought to assess resident perception of gender parity among departmental leadership and teaching faculty in our internal medicine department, and to determine the actual gender distribution of those faculty roles. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed to evaluate resident perception of gender representation of various faculty roles. Using conference schedules, resident evaluations, and our department website, we determined the actual representation of women faculty in department leadership roles, and in clinical and educational activities. RESULTS 88 of 164 residents (54%) responded. Women residents were less likely than men to perceive that women faculty were equally represented in department leadership (45% men agreed vs. 13% women, p < 0.05), clinical teaching roles (55% men agreed vs. 28% women, p < 0.05), or facilitating educational conferences (45% men agreed vs. 28% women, p = 0.074). In 2017, the internal medicine department at our institution comprised 815 faculty members, 473 men (58%) and 342 women (42%). At that time, women faculty held 5% of senior departmental leadership positions and 21% of educational leadership positions. During the year preceding survey distribution, women faculty attended on internal medicine inpatient wards for 33% of the total number of weeks, staffed 20% of morning reports, and facilitated 28% of noon conferences. DISCUSSION Women residents in our internal medicine training program perceived a gender disparity among faculty in leadership and educational positions to a greater extent than male residents. The perception of women trainees was accurate. In addition to disproportionate underrepresentation in leadership positions, women faculty were underrepresented in prominent educational positions, including attending on inpatient services and serving as discussants at educational conferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Ramakrishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Hadeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Del Valle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tanious A, McMullin H, Jokisch C, Edwards JB, Boitano LT, Conrad MF, Eagleton MJ, Shames ML. Defining a Leader—Characteristics That Distinguish a Chair of Surgery. J Surg Res 2019; 242:332-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Epperson M, Gouveia CJ, Tabangin ME, Takiar V, Howell R, Altaye M, Ishman SL, Tang AL. Female Representation in Otolaryngology Leadership Roles. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1664-1669. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Gouveia
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKaiser Permanente Santa Clara California
| | - Meredith E. Tabangin
- Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Vinita Takiar
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Howell
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Stacey L. Ishman
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio
- Division of Pediatric OtolaryngologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Alice L. Tang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuo IC, Levine RB, Gauda EB, Bodurtha J, Clements J, Fivush B, Ishii L. Identifying Gender Disparities and Barriers to Measuring the Status of Female Faculty: The Experience of a Large School of Medicine. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:1569-1575. [PMID: 31268398 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women in academic medicine are not attaining parity with men in several domains. This issue is not only one of fairness; some funding agencies are requesting data on gender benchmarking. However, most published reports on gender disparities have not included examination of trends or actionable recommendations to address them. Materials and Methods: The Dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine charged the Committee on the Status of Women (CSW) with conducting a comprehensive review of gender equity. In 2014, the CSW identified key domains important for academic success and created a sustainable framework to monitor trends by gender. Utilizing data from multiple key sources, the CSW measured differences in the domains of academic promotion, leadership, and satisfaction. Results: Gender differences were present in each domain. Data were not centralized and not readily available for most domains. The CSW recommended strategies to address gender disparities and created a set of measurable recommendations to monitor progress. The recommendations include requiring detailed descriptions of departmental organizational leadership charts; diverse compositions of both search committees and applicant pools; increased proportion of female faculty in top-tier leadership positions; and transparent departmental promotions criteria and processes. Conclusions: To maintain progress, we recommend that data be readily and easily accessible from a central institutional registry rather than come from multiple sources, that data be analyzed on a regular basis, and that results be shared across the institution to ensure transparency and accountability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel B Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Estelle B Gauda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joann Bodurtha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janice Clements
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Fivush
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Ishii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dumitra TC, Alam R, Fiore JF, Mata J, Fried GM, Vassiliou MC, Mueller C, Lee L, Feldman LS. Is there a gender bias in the advancement to SAGES leadership? Surg Endosc 2019; 34:458-463. [PMID: 31037338 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women in surgery has risen significantly yet there remains gender discrepancies in upper leadership positions in academia. Specialty societies play an important role in academic advancement but the progression of women in surgical societies has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are gender differences in advancement within the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) leadership. METHODS A retrospective audit of all SAGES committee members (CM) from 1992 to 2018 was performed. The overall membership gender distribution was available from 2010 to 2018. Leadership positions included Committee Chair/Co-chair, Board of Governors, and Executive Committee. Three phenomena were investigated: "pipeline," by determining the change in women CMs compared to overall membership over time; "sticky floors," by comparing advancement beyond CM by gender; "glass-ceiling," by analyzing the promotion trajectory and time to leadership positions between genders. Statistical analysis comparing trends over time was performed using Kendall-tau. RESULTS There were 1546 surgeons who served on at least one committee during the study period. Women represented 21% of CMs, 18% of chairs/co-chairs, 16% of board members and 14% of executives, with one woman President. The proportion of women CMs has significantly increased over time from 3% in 1992 to 27% in 2018 (p-trend < 0.001). A similar proportion of women and men advanced beyond CM (17% vs. 14%, p = 0.194), with no difference in time to advancement. From 2010 to 2018, the increase in the proportion of women CMs and board members outpaced that of overall women members (p < 0.05). Women executives surpassed overall women members in 2018 (29% vs. 19%). A similar proportion of men and women "skipped ranks" to reach the Board/Executive (37% vs. 25%, p = 0.307). CONCLUSION The proportion of women in leadership positions within SAGES is higher than in the overall membership. There were no gender differences in the advancement of CMs to leadership positions. While these data are encouraging, SAGES should continue to foster the advancement of women surgeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora C Dumitra
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roshni Alam
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Julio F Fiore
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Mata
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gerald M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melina C Vassiliou
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carmen Mueller
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liane S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, L9.309, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sandset EC, de Sousa DA, Christensen H, Cordonnier C, Fischer U, Katan M, Kremer C, Pavlovic A, Sprigg N, Bart van der Worp H, Zedde M, Caso V. Women in the European Stroke Organisation: One, two, many… - A Top Down and Bottom Up approach. Eur Stroke J 2019; 4:247-253. [PMID: 31984232 DOI: 10.1177/2396987319841979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing proportion of physicians are women, yet they still face challenges with career advancement. In 2014, the European Stroke Organisation established the goal of increasing the number and participation of women within the society using a Top Down and Bottom Up approach. The 'Women's Initiative for Stroke in Europe' was created the same year by a group of women active within the organisation. We aimed to assess the current status of women in European Stroke Organisation, and to explore the change in sex differences after the introduction of focused approaches to address disparities in 2014. Methods Using organisational records, we collected data on sex differences in core activities from 2008 up to 2017 including membership, participation in conferences, courses and in the official journal of the society, and positions of seniority and leadership. We estimated sex distribution differences in each of the activities from 2014 to date. Results In 2017, the proportion of female members was 40%, while 24% of fellows, 22% of the executive board and 19% of the editorial board in the official journal of the society were women. From 2014 to 2017, there was a significant increase in the proportion of female members (p = 0.0002) and in women participating in the annual conference as faculty (p = 0.001). There was no significant change in the sex distribution among the faculty members in junior educational activities (≤27%) or fellows. Interpretation In 2017, the proportion of women holding positions of seniority and leadership is still significantly lower to the proportion of women attending educational activities. Transparent data on sex distribution will assist implementing tailored programmes to achieve progress against sex-based barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mira Katan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Pavlovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit-Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin MP, Lall MD, Samuels‐Kalow M, Das D, Linden JA, Perman S, Chang AM, Agrawal P. Impact of a Women-focused Professional Organization on Academic Retention and Advancement: Perceptions From a Qualitative Study. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26:303-316. [PMID: 30667132 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organizations to promote career networking and mentorship among women are recommended as a best practice to support the recruitment and retention of women physicians; however, the impact of such organizations is unknown. Our primary objective is to describe the impact of a national woman-focused organization for academic emergency physicians on retention and advancement. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews of past and present organization leaders, as well as members at varying stages in their careers. Physicians with experience in qualitative methods conducted interviews and coded all transcripts using inductive content analysis techniques. Themes were reviewed and discussed to ensure consensus. RESULTS We performed 17 interviews lasting 20 to 30 minutes each, resulting in 476 total minutes of transcript. Participants represented varying stages of career experience, ranging from 2 to 35 years since residency completion (median = 9.5 years). Median years of participation in the woman-focused organization was 10 years. Over half (53%) of participants were past presidents of the organization. The dominant themes encompassed facilitating academic advancement through scholarly productivity, leadership experiences, awards, and promotions; mentorship and sponsorship; peer support and collaborations; reduced professional isolation; and initiatives to address systemic gender inequities and challenges, including strategies to navigate bias, promote pay equity, and advocate for family-friendly workplace policies. DISCUSSION Active participation in a woman-focused professional organization enhances members' career retention and advancement by creating opportunities and relationships that facilitate leadership, enabling scholarly work to advance equity and inclusion, and cultivating a sense of belonging. While challenges and barriers persist, the myriad benefits of a women-focused professional organization reported by members and leaders represent important steps toward greater equity for women and other underrepresented groups in academic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Devjani Das
- Northwell Health– Staten Island University Hospital New York NY
| | | | - Sarah Perman
- University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver CO
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shaikh AT, Farhan SA, Siddiqi R, Fatima K, Siddiqi J, Khosa F. Disparity in Leadership in Neurosurgical Societies: A Global Breakdown. World Neurosurg 2019; 123:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Stamp NL, Luc JGY, Ouzounian M, Bhatti F, Hici TN, Antonoff MB. Social media as a tool to rewrite the narrative for women in cardiothoracic surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 28:831-837. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Stamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery & Transplantation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maral Ouzounian
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tamara Ni Hici
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABMU, Swansea, UK
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Burgart AM. Physician Sexual Assault: The Moral Imperative for Gender Equity in Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2019; 19:4-6. [PMID: 30676895 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2018.1552036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|
24
|
Kuo LE, Parangi S, Cho NL. Diversity and inclusion in a surgical society: A longitudinal investigation. Surgery 2018; 165:808-813. [PMID: 30509749 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the presence of women and minorities is increasing in academic surgery, inclusion at the highest levels appears to continue to lag in many aspects of leadership and participation. Participation in medical societies is an opportunity in career development but may also propagate disparities. We investigated the presence of women and minorities within one subspecialty society, the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, to better understand the presence of these groups in the leadership of this society. METHODS Publicly available data regarding American Association of Endocrine Surgeons membership and leadership were obtained. North American active members in 2007, 2012, and 2017 were identified. Gender and race/ethnicity were determined via internet query. We analyzed the number and proportion of active members and members in leadership positions who were female, East/South/Middle Eastern Asian American ("Asian"), Hispanic/Latin/South American, or African American in each year throughout this period. RESULTS The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons was established in 1981. From 2007 to 2017, active membership in the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons increased from 178 to 276. The percentages of female (17.4%-35.1%), Asian (9.0%-17.4%), and Hispanic/Latin/South American (3.9%- 4.7%) members increased during this time. The percentage of African American members did not increase (1.7%-1.8%). In 2017, women and Asians composed disproportionately high percentages of council members (50% and 67%, respectively) and committee chairs (46%, 23%) and were inconsistently represented as officers (40%, 20%). Hispanic/Latin/South American and African American members were disproportionately underrepresented at every level of leadership. CONCLUSION Diversity in the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons has improved for all groups of diversity that were explored except African American members. Women and Asians are not consistently well represented throughout the organizational leadership, and Hispanic/Latin/South American and African American members are underrepresented. Opportunity exists to improve the diversity opportunities in this organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy L Cho
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Silver JK, Blauwet CA, Bhatnagar S, Slocum CS, Tenforde AS, Schneider JC, Zafonte RD, Goldstein R, Gallegos-Kearin V, Reilly JM, Mazwi NL. Women Physicians Are Underrepresented in Recognition Awards From the Association of Academic Physiatrists. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 97:34-40. [PMID: 28678034 PMCID: PMC5757674 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine representation by gender for individual recognition awards presented to physicians by the Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey was used. Lists of individual recognition award recipients for the 27-yr history of the AAP awards (1990-2016) were analyzed. The primary outcome measures were the total numbers of men versus women physician award recipients overall and for the past decade (2007-2016). RESULTS No awards were given to women physicians for the past 4 yrs (2013-2016) or in half of the award categories for the past decade (2007-2016). No woman received the outstanding resident/fellow award since its inception (2010-2016). There was a decrease in the proportion of awards given to women in the past decade (2007-2016, 7 of 39 awards, 17.9%) as compared with the first 17 yrs (1990-2006, 10 of 46 awards, 21.7%). Furthermore, compared with their proportional membership within the specialty, women physicians were underrepresented for the entire 27-yr history of the AAP awards (1990-2016, 17 of 85 awards, 20%). According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the proportion of full-time female physical medicine and rehabilitation faculty members was 38% in 1992 and 41% in 2013. CONCLUSIONS Women physicians have been underrepresented by the AAP in recognition awards. Although the reasons are not clear, these findings should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Silver
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (JKS); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (CAB, AST); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts (SB); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (CSS, RG, VG-K, JMR, NLM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (JCS); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Medical Affairs, Research and Education, Spaulding Rehabilitation Network; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (RDZ)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baqi S, Albalbeesi A, Iftikhar S, Baig-Ansari N, Alanazi M, Alanazi A. Perceptions of gender equality, work environment, support and social issues for women doctors at a university hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186896. [PMID: 29073172 PMCID: PMC5658081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is an Islamic monarchy and was established in 1932. Saudi women first entered the medical field in 1975 and the country has since seen a steady increase in women pursuing medicine. However, there is limited data on gender related issues for women doctors practicing in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, our study objective was to assess the perception amongst peers regarding gender equality and social issues faced by women doctors in Saudi Arabia. An online anonymous cross-sectional survey was administered in English to doctors at King Khalid Hospital, affiliated to King Saud University, in Riyadh, between April and May of 2016. Of 1015 doctors, 304 (30%) participated, of which 129 (42.4%) were females and 231 (76%) were Saudi nationals. The average age was 32.4 years (±SD: 8.7). The majority opined that there was no gender discrimination in salaries (73.7% p-value = 0.4), hospital benefits (62.2% p-value = 0.06) or entry into any field of Medicine/Pediatrics (68.4% p-value = 0.207). However, only a minority believed that there was no gender discrimination for entry into surgery (37.3% p-value = .091). A higher proportion of male doctors agreed that promotion opportunities are equal (66.3% vs 45.7%, p-value = 0.002). However, of 54 consultants, only 18 (33.3%) were women. Over half of the women (52.3%) reported that they never wear the face veil. Only a minority of male and female doctors (12.2%) believed women doctors should wear the veil since they examine male patients. Fewer respondents believed that female doctors face harassment from male doctors (14.5%) whereas 30.7% believed female doctors face harassment from male patients. More females, than males, agreed with the statement that female doctors are as committed to their careers as are males (92.2% vs 67.4%, p-value<0.0001). Of 304 participants, 210 (69.1%) said that they would still choose to become a doctor with approximately equal proportions between males and females (68% vs 70.5%, p-value = 0.79). In conclusion, our survey of male and female doctors at a government university hospital in Saudi Arabia revealed that the majority believed there was gender equality amongst doctors in terms of salaries, benefits, opportunities for promotion and entry into any field of medicine or pediatrics, but not surgery. However, there were significantly fewer women at consultant positions, a deficiency that needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Baqi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amal Albalbeesi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundus Iftikhar
- Indus Hospital Research Center, Indus Hospital, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Baig-Ansari
- Indus Hospital Research Center, Indus Hospital, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Emami A, Jaffe D, Minton-Foltz P, Parker G, Manfredi S, Braungardt T, Marley KW, Cooley L, Siem SB. Nursing schools and academic health centers: toward improved alignment and a synergistic partnership. J Multidiscip Healthc 2017; 10:271-276. [PMID: 28860794 PMCID: PMC5558426 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s129663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the findings from a national survey which the University of Washington conducted among leaders of 32 US academic nursing institutions that are part of academic health centers (AHCs) and complements these findings with results from a separate report by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. While expressing overall satisfaction with their AHC relationships, these leaders find that nursing is often given greater parity in matters of education and research than in mission setting, financial, and governance matters. AHCs are being asked to meet new health care challenges in new ways, starting with the education of health care professionals. AHCs need to be restructured to give nursing full parity if the nation's and world's needs for preventive and clinical care are to be best met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Emami
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darcy Jaffe
- Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paula Minton-Foltz
- Patient Care Services, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grace Parker
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Manfredi
- Patient Care Services, Northwest Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kelly W Marley
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Cooley
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Staishy Bostick Siem
- Marketing and Communications, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Klein RS, Voskuhl R, Segal BM, Dittel BN, Lane TE, Bethea JR, Carson MJ, Colton C, Rosi S, Anderson A, Piccio L, Goverman JM, Benveniste EN, Brown MA, Tiwari-Woodruff SK, Harris TH, Cross AH. Speaking out about gender imbalance in invited speakers improves diversity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:475-478. [PMID: 28418385 PMCID: PMC5775963 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Omissions of qualified women scientists from major meeting programs continue to occur despite a surge in articles indicating persistent gender-discriminatory practices in hiring and promotion, and calls for gender balance in conference organizing committees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Klein
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pathology &Immunology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rhonda Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monica J Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carol Colton
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aileen Anderson
- Departments of Physical Medicine &Rehabilitation, and Anatomy, and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Melissa A Brown
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Tajie H Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Female Physicians Are Underrepresented in Recognition Awards from the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PM R 2017; 9:976-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Calderwood AH, Enestvedt BK, DeVivo R, Schmitt CM. Impact of gender on requests for ASGE leadership assignments. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83:730-3. [PMID: 26784364 PMCID: PMC4792747 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Committee membership in gastroenterology national societies is considered prestigious, opening the door for leadership roles and professional advancement. Some have hypothesized that women ask for leadership opportunities less frequently than men. Our aim was to examine the gender representation of requests for placement on an American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) committee. METHODS We analyzed deidentified records of all requests for assignment to ASGE committees from 2011 to 2014, including applicant's gender, prior service to ASGE, year of application, and whether the applicant was appointed. The primary outcome was the proportion of requests from women compared with the overall ASGE female membership. RESULTS There were 513 requests for ASGE committee appointments; 101 (20%) were from women, exceeding the active ASGE female membership (15%; P = .004). Overall, the total number of committee requests increased over time from 89 to 195 (P = .08); the proportion of requests from women remained stable at 16% to 21% (P = .51). Compared with men, women were significantly less likely to have had previous ASGE service (28% vs 42%; P = .01) and more likely to have a statement of endorsement from a mentor (33% vs 24%; P = .06). The rate of appointment to a committee was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41-52) overall, 42% (95% CI, 37-48) for male applicants, and 65% (95% CI, 54-76) for female applicants. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 1.5-4.5), endorsement from a mentor (OR 3.4; 2.1-5.6), and prior ASGE service (OR 2.3; 1.5-3.5) predicted committee appointment. CONCLUSIONS For ASGE committee appointments, it appears that women who make requests are successful in receiving these appointments. Future work should evaluate requests and appointments by gender among other gastroenterology societies and explore whether service translates into leadership opportunities for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca DeVivo
- American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Downer’s Grove, IL
| | | |
Collapse
|