Cloning and Expression of L1 Protein Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Isolated from Iranian Patients in Escherichia coli

Molecular Investigation of the Association Among Common Interleukin-6 Polymorphism and Human Papillomavirus Genotypes with Cervical Cancer Among Iranian Women

Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly identified cancer and the third important reason for cancer-related death among women in less developed nations. Aside from the human papillomavirus (HPV), the host genetic factors, especially some polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene, might relate to the risk of cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the molecular investigation of HPV infection and its association with the common polymorphism of IL-6 in cervical carcinoma in Iran. This case-control study collected 62 precancerous and cancerous lesions and 62 healthy samples from cancer-free women, subsequent negative colposcopy, and cervical cytology. The frequency of HPV genotypes and the genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 and rs1800796 were done by different PCR techniques. Results were analyzed using the Epi Info version 7, 2012, with the χ2 test. Compared with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CINI), the HPV positivity rate is saliently higher in CINII/III and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56.25%, 66.66%, and 73.63%, respectively, p < 0.001). The HPV positivity rate is also higher in SCC in comparison with CINII/III (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the most detected HPV genotypes were HPV16 and 33 in CINI; HPV16, 31, and 35 in CINII/III; and HPV16 and 18 in SCC groups. HPV16 was the most commonly detected genotype in CINI, CINII/III, and SCC, accounting for 44.44%, 50%, and 71.42%, respectively. In addition, the frequency of GG, CG, and CC genotypes from rs1800795 polymorphism was 0.58, 0.32, and 0.10, respectively (p = 0.033), but in the control group, it was 0.70, 0.27, and 0.03, respectively. The findings suggest that HPV16 plays an important role in the emergence of cervical lesions in Iranian patients. As a result, rs1800795 CC genotype and HPV might increase cervical cancer risk in Iranian women.

Investigation of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Human Papilloma Virus Genotypes in Iranian Breast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among Iranian women. Development of BC is a multistep process, arising from genetic changes such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we investigated HPV genotypes associated with BCs and its relation with MTHFR C677T polymorphism for early detection of familial BCs. A total of 84 archival BC samples from Iran were collected. Verification of each cancer reported in a relative was sought through the pathology reports of the hospital records. Then, DNA was extracted from all samples by standard methods and HPV genotypes and MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. Finally, data analysis was performed using version 7 of the Epi Info™ 2012 software and test chi-square (x2) for trend. The frequencies of the CC, TC, and TT genotypes of MTHFR (C677T) were 0.53, 0.38, and 0.09 in familial BC patients, and 0.46, 0.51, and 0.03, respectively, in nonfamilial BC patients. Furthermore, HPV DNA typing identified 29 infections and C677T TT genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of familial BC in the study population. Our results demonstrate that infection with HPV was prevalent among Iranian women with familial BC. Finally, the testing of C677T GG genotype in combination with HPV genotyping as molecular markers can be helpful in the early diagnosis of Iranian familial BCs by PCR.