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Duc HM, Hoa TTK, Ha CTT, Hung LV, Thang NV, Son HM, Flory GA. Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Bio-Control of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk in Vietnam Using Bacteriophages. Pathogens 2024; 13:494. [PMID: 38921792 PMCID: PMC11206458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
E. coli is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing foodborne illness and bovine mastitis. Bacteriophages have been increasingly considered a promising tool to control unwanted bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolated from raw milk and the efficacy of phage in controlling multidrug-resistant E. coli in raw milk. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the highest resistance rates of E. coli isolates to co-trime (27.34%) and ampicillin (27.34%), followed by streptomycin (25.18%), tetracycline (23.02%), and the lowest resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and ceftazidime, all at a rate of 2.16%. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Of the 139 E. coli isolates, 57 (41.01%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 35 (25.18%) were classified as MDR strains. Molecular characterization indicated that 5 (3.6%) out of the 139 isolates were STEC strains carrying stx1 gene. Seven (5.04%) isolates were phenotypically identified as ESBLEC, and four isolates (2.88%) were resistant to colistin. The results of the genotypic test revealed that four out of seven ESBLEC strains carried both blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1, two harbored blaTEM, and one possessed blaCTX-M-1, while mcr-1 was detected in all four colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. In particular, one isolated E. coli strain (EM148) was determined to be a multidrug-resistant strain simultaneously carrying blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, and mcr-1. A total of eight phages were successfully recovered from raw milk. The application of phage PEM3 significantly reduced viable counts of multidrug-resistant host EM148 in raw milk by at least 2.31 log CFU/mL at both 24 °C and 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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Pires AJ, Pereira G, Fangueiro D, Bexiga R, Oliveira M. When the solution becomes the problem: a review on antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38661710 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics' action, once a 'magic bullet', is now hindered by widespread microbial resistance, creating a global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. A primary driver of AMR is the selective pressure from antimicrobial use. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption increased by 65%, reaching 34.8 billion tons, 73% of which was used in animals. In the dairy cattle sector, antibiotics are crucial for treating diseases like mastitis, posing risks to humans, animals and potentially leading to environmental contamination. To address AMR, strategies like selective dry cow therapy, alternative treatments (nanoparticles, phages) and waste management innovations are emerging. However, most solutions are in development, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to tackle AMR in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana José Pires
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Fangueiro
- LEAF Research Center, Terra Associate Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change & Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sun J, Dai J, Chen J, He Y, Su L, Gong M, Cao M, Wei K, You Y, Liu L, Bai L, Cui S, Chen J, Yang B. Antibiotic susceptibility and genomic analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant and ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli in vegetables and their irrigation water and growing soil. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110629. [PMID: 38368793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has become a major global public health concern. While there is extensive research on antibiotic-resistant E. coli from human and animal sources, studies on vegetables and their environments are limited. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) E. coli in 13 types of edible raw vegetables, along with their irrigation water and soil in Shaanxi, China. Of 349 samples collected (157 vegetables, 59 water, and 133 soil), a total of 48 positive samples were detected, with one CIPRE. coli strain isolated from each sample being selected for further analyses. A striking observation was its high prevalence in irrigation water at 44.1 %, markedly exceeding that in vegetables (12.0 %) and soil (4.5 %). The susceptibility of Forty-eight CIPRE. coli isolates was evaluated using the disc diffusion method for 18 different antibiotics, all these isolates were not only resistant to the tested fluoroquinolones antibiotics (levofloxacin, nalidixic acid), but also displayed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern. Twenty-eight (58.3 %) of 48 CIPRE. coli isolates exhibited extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (CIPR-ESBLs) producing phenotype. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing was performed on these 28 isolates. We identified 12 serotypes and STs each, with O101: H9 (35.7 %, 10/28) and ST10 (21.4 %, 6/28) being the most common. Further classification placed these isolates into five phylogenetic groups: A (57.1 %, 16/28), B1 (32.1 %, 9/28), D (3.6 %, 1/28), B2 (3.6 %,1/28), and F (3.6 %,1/28). Notelly, Identical ST types, serotypes and phylogroups were found in certain CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli from both vegetables and adjacent irrigation water. Genomic analysis of the 28 CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates unveiled 73 resistance genes, associated with 13 amino acid mutations in resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and resistance to 12 types of antibiotics. Each isolate was confirmed to carry both ESBLs and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, with the Ser83Ala mutation in GyrA (96.4 %, 27/28) being the most prevalent. A detailed analysis of Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) revealed that IncFIB and IncFII plasmid subtypes were most prevalent in 60.7 % and 67.9 % of isolates, respectively, with 75 % containing over 10 insertion sequences (IS) each. Furthermore, we observed that certain ESBL and PMQR genes were located on plasmids or in proximity to insertion sequences. In conclusion, our research highlights the widespread presence of CIPRE. coli in irrigation water and thoroughly examines the genetic characteristics of CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli strains, underlining the need for ongoing monitoring and management to reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria in vegetables and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanjie He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengqing Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi You
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Gelalcha BD, Mohammed RI, Gelgie AE, Kerro Dego O. Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1283165. [PMID: 38029210 PMCID: PMC10658008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1283165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cattle farms poses a risk to human health as they can spread to humans through the food chain, including raw milk. This study was designed to determine the status, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic potential of ESBL-producing -E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. isolates from bulk tank milk (BTM). Methods Thirty-three BTM samples were collected from 17 dairy farms and screened for ESBL-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. on CHROMagar ESBL plates. All isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results Ten presumptive ESBL-producing bacteria, eight E. coli, and two K. pneumoniae were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae in BTM was 21.2% and 6.1%, respectively. ESBL-E. coli were detected in 41.2% of the study farms. Seven of the ESBL-E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. Seven ESBL-E. coli strains carry the blaCTX-M gene, and five of them co-harbored blaTEM-1. ESBL-E. coli co-harbored blaCTX-M with other resistance genes, including qnrB19, tet(A), aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id), floR, sul2, and chromosomal mutations (gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, and pmrB). Most E. coli resistance genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, mainly plasmids. Six sequence types (STs) of E. coli were detected. All ESBL-E. coli were predicted to be pathogenic to humans. Four STs (three ST10 and ST69) were high-risk clones of E. coli. Up to 40 virulence markers were detected in all E. coli isolates. One of the K. pneumoniae was ST867; the other was novel strain. K. pneumoniae isolates carried three types of beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1 and blaSHV). The novel K. pneumoniae ST also carried a novel IncFII(K) plasmid ST. Conclusion Detection of high-risk clones of MDR ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-K. pneumoniae in BTM indicates that raw milk could be a reservoir of potentially zoonotic ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ruwaa I. Mohammed
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Zheng HH, Yu C, Tang XY, Du CT, Xie GH. Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Canine Oral and Intestinal Escherichia coli Resistant to Colistin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13428. [PMID: 37686243 PMCID: PMC10488236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli has gradually developed into a global problem. These resistant bacteria could be transmitted to humans through animal feces in the environment or direct contact with pets, leading to a problem in bacterial treatment for humans and animals. Now, the antibiotic resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins remains unclear in China. Therefore, this study first analyzed the current colistin resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins in mainland China. A total of 536 samples were collected from dogs in mainland China and, respectively, cultured on the SS and MacConkey agar plate containing colistin (4 μg/mL) to obtain bacteria, and the antibiotic-resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli was investigated for nine antibiotics. Results showed that a total of 2259 colistin-resistant bacteria were isolated from samples and identified, and among them, the isolated rate of Escherichia coli (34.01%, 769/2259) was relatively higher than that of other bacteria. Subsequently, it was found that the resistance of these Escherichia coli was very severe by exploring its resistance to different antibiotics, particularly to three common antibiotics in a clinic which were ceftriaxone, ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, with the resistance rates of 60.60% (466/769), 57.22% (440/769), and 53.06% (408/769), respectively. Moreover, the simultaneous resistance of Escherichia coli to one or more antibiotics was determined, and 69.96% (538/769) strains have defined the resistance to both two or more antibiotics, and even 13 of Escherichia coli strains that were resistant to all nine antibiotics, indicating that the Escherichia coli from dog origins has severe antibiotic resistance in the clinic. In conclusion, this study guided the use of antibiotics and could draw attention to antibiotic resistance in veterinary clinical treatment for animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Talat A, Miranda C, Poeta P, Khan AU. Farm to table: colistin resistance hitchhiking through food. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:167. [PMID: 37014461 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Colistin is a high priority, last-resort antibiotic recklessly used in livestock and poultry farms. It is used as an antibiotic for treating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections as well as a growth promoter in poultry and animal farms. The sub-therapeutic doses of colistin exert a selection pressure on bacteria leading to the emergence of colistin resistance in the environment. Colistin resistance gene, mcr are mostly plasmid-mediated, amplifying the horizontal gene transfer. Food products such as chicken, meat, pork etc. disseminate colistin resistance to humans through zoonotic transfer. The antimicrobial residues used in livestock and poultry often leaches to soil and water through faeces. This review highlights the recent status of colistin use in food-producing animals, its association with colistin resistance adversely affecting public health. The underlying mechanism of colistin resistance has been explored. The prohibition of over-the-counter colistin sales and as growth promoters for animals and broilers has exhibited effective stewardship of colistin resistance in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Talat
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), IUCS, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Dhaouadi S, Romdhani A, Bouglita W, Chedli S, Chaari S, Soufi L, Cherif A, Mnif W, Abbassi MS, Elandoulsi RB. High Biofilm-Forming Ability and Clonal Dissemination among Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Cows with Mastitis, Diarrheic Calves, and Chickens with Colibacillosis in Tunisia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020299. [PMID: 36836656 PMCID: PMC9959077 DOI: 10.3390/life13020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main etiological agents responsible for bovine mastitis (BM), neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), and avian colibacillosis (AC). This study aimed to assess resistance and virulence genes content, biofilm-forming ability, phylogenetic groups, and genetic relatedness in E. coli isolates recovered from clinical cases of BM, NCD, and AC. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 120 samples including samples of milk (n = 70) and feces (n = 50) from cows with BM and calves with NCD, respectively, were collected from different farms in Northern Tunisia. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed. Then, E. coli isolates were examined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability. PCR was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence genes (VGs), phylogenetic groups, and Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) for their clonal relationship. RESULTS Among the 120 samples, 67 E. coli isolates (25 from BM, 22 from AC, and 20 from NCD) were collected. Overall, 83.6% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Thirty-six (53.73%) isolates were phenotypically colistin-resistant (CREC), 28.3% (19/67) were ESBL producers (ESBL-EC), and forty-nine (73.1%) formed biofilm. The blaTEM gene was found in 73.7% (14/19) of isolates from the three diseases, whilst the blaCTXM-g-1 gene was detected in 47.3% (9/19) of isolates, all from AC. The most common VG was the fimA gene (26/36, 72.2%), followed by aer (12/36, 33.3%), cnf1 (6/36, 16.6%), papC (4/36, 11.1%), and stx1 and stx2 genes (2/36; 5.5% for each). Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates belonged to three groups: A (20/36; 55.5%), B2 (7/36; 19.4%), and D (6/36; 16.6%). Molecular typing by ERIC-PCR showed high genetic diversity of CREC and ESBL E. coli isolates from the three animal diseases and gave evidence of their clonal dissemination within farms in Tunisia. CONCLUSION The present study sheds new light on the biofilm-forming ability and clonality within CREC and ESBL-EC isolated from three different animal diseases in Tunisian farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Dhaouadi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Romdhani
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Bouglita
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Salsabil Chedli
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Soufiene Chaari
- MEDIVET, Immeuble les Mimosas, 159 Avenue de l’UMA, La Soukra 2036, Tunisia
| | - Leila Soufi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Boubaker Elandoulsi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Slowey R. Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1-23. [PMID: 36333144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent and growing problem worldwide, both for human and animal health. In the animal health sector actions have been taken as concerns grow regarding the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Mastitis is the most common infection in dairy cattle. We aimed to summarize the genetic determinants found in staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mastitic milk samples and provide a comparison of percentage resistance to a variety of antimicrobials in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Naranjo-Lucena
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C.
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C
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Shafiq M, Rahman SU, Bilal H, Ullah A, Noman SM, Zeng M, Yuan Y, Xie Q, Li X, Jiao X. Incidence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1169-1182. [PMID: 35094463 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the occurrence and molecular features of ESBL-producing and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan. METHODS A total of 153 E. coli isolates were recovered from 250 faecal samples collected from livestock and poultry. The antibiotic susceptibility, resistant determinants and mobile genetic elements were determined for all the isolates. The clonal relatedness was analysed by MLST. Plasmids harbouring, localization and transferability of mcr-1 gene were carried out by Southern hybridization, S1-PFGE and transconjugation. RESULTS Out of 153 E. coli strains, 49.01% isolates were ESBLs producers, whereas 18.95% were resistant to colistin and 84.31% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was found in 84% of the isolates. The ESBL-producing E. coli in buffaloes, cattle, sheep, goat and broilers faecal samples were 60%, 74%, 54%, 50% and 68%, respectively. Among the ESBLs genes, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent group detected in 98.66%, while only mcr-1 of the colistin-resistant genes could be PCR amplified in 29 isolates. The common MGEs found were ISECP1 (35.13%), ISCR1 (33.78%), ISApl1 (20.27%) and Inti1 (58.10%). The most predominant Inc. types found were IncFIB 46.66%, followed by IncFIA 30.66%, IncFIC 26.66%, IncFrepB 26.66%, IncHI2 26.66%, IncP 22.66% and IncX4 21.33%. The most frequent sequence type detected was ST58. Southern blot and S1-PFGE confirmed the plasmid harbouring of mcr-1 gene. CONCLUSION The co-occurrence of mcr-1 and ESBLs-encoding genes, along with MGEs in E. coli from healthy food animals in Pakistan, is a major concern. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Antimicrobial resistance can be transferred from animals to humans by direct contact or via the food chain and environment. The prevalence and co-occurrence of ESBL and colistin resistance genes from food-producing animals is rare in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first report to find ESBLs and mcr-1-harbouring E. coli from the faecal samples of the healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan. The presence of ARGs in association with MGEs, co-harbouring the virulence factors, as determined in the current study, is a severe threat to livestock and the human community as it has horizontally and food web transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sohail Muhammad Noman
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yumeng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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10
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Hamame A, Davoust B, Cherak Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060698. [PMID: 35745552 PMCID: PMC9230929 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pets, especially cats and dogs, represent a great potential for zoonotic transmission, leading to major health problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the latest developments concerning colistin resistance through mcr genes in pets. The current study also highlights the health risks of the transmission of colistin resistance between pets and humans. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on mcr-positive bacteria in pets and studies reporting their zoonotic transmission to humans. Bibliographic research queries were performed on the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Web of Science. Articles of interest were selected using the PRISMA guideline principles. Results: The analyzed articles from the investigated databases described the presence of mcr gene variants in pets including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10. Among these articles, four studies reported potential zoonotic transmission of mcr genes between pets and humans. The epidemiological analysis revealed that dogs and cats can be colonized by mcr genes that are beginning to spread in different countries worldwide. Overall, reported articles on this subject highlight the high risk of zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance genes between pets and their owners. Conclusions: This review demonstrated the spread of mcr genes in pets and their transmission to humans, indicating the need for further measures to control this significant threat to public health. Therefore, we suggest here some strategies against this threat such as avoiding zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Hamame
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna-2, Route de Constantine, Fésdis, Batna 05078, Algeria;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: (J.-M.R.); (S.M.D.); Tel.: +33-4-9183-5649 (S.M.D.)
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: (J.-M.R.); (S.M.D.); Tel.: +33-4-9183-5649 (S.M.D.)
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11
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Tartor YH, Gharieb RMA, Abd El-Aziz NK, El Damaty HM, Enany S, Khalifa E, Attia ASA, Abdellatif SS, Ramadan H. Virulence Determinants and Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance mcr Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Bovine Milk. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761417. [PMID: 34888259 PMCID: PMC8650641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major increase of bacterial resistance to colistin, a last-resort treatment for severe infections, was observed globally. Using colistin in livestock rearing is believed to be the ground of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene circulation and is of crucial concern to public health. This study aimed to determine the frequency and virulence characteristics of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the milk of mastitic cows and raw unpasteurized milk in Egypt. One hundred and seventeen strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (n = 90), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10), and Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 17) were screened for colistin resistance by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genetic characteristics of colistin-resistant strains were investigated for mcr-1-9 genes, phylogenetic groups, and virulence genes. Moreover, we evaluated four commonly used biocides in dairy farms for teat disinfection toward colistin-resistant strains. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes were detected in 82.91% (97/117) and 3.42% (4/117) of the isolates, respectively. Of the 117 tested isolates, 61 (52.14%) were colistin resistant (MIC >2 mg/L), distributed as 24/70 (34.29%) from clinical mastitis, 10/11 (90.91%) from subclinical mastitis, and 27/36 (75%) from raw milk. Of these 61 colistin-resistant isolates, 47 (19 from clinical mastitis, 8 from subclinical mastitis, and 20 from raw milk) harbored plasmid-borne mcr genes. The mcr-1 gene was identified in 31.91%, mcr-2 in 29.79%, mcr-3 in 34.04%, and each of mcr-4 and mcr-7 in 2.13% of the colistin-resistant isolates. Among these isolates, 42.55% (20/47) were E. coli, 21.28% (10/47) A. hydrophila, 19.12% (9/47) K. pneumoniae, and 17.02% (8/47) P. aeruginosa. This is the first report of mcr-3 and mcr-7 in P. aeruginosa. Conjugation experiments using the broth-mating technique showed successful transfer of colistin resistance to E. coli J53-recipient strain. Different combinations of virulence genes were observed among colistin-resistant isolates with almost all isolates harboring genes. Hydrogen peroxide has the best efficiency against all bacterial isolates even at a low concentration (10%). In conclusion, the dissemination of mobile colistin resistance mcr gene and its variants between MDR- and XDR-virulent Gram-negative isolates from dairy cattle confirms the spread of mcr genes at all levels; animals, humans, and environmental, and heralds the penetration of the last-resort antimicrobial against MDR bacteria. Consequently, a decision to ban colistin in food animals is urgently required to fight XDR and MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Tartor
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M A Gharieb
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Amira S A Attia
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abdellatif
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Dantas Palmeira J, Haenni M, Madec JY, Ferreira HMN. First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111403. [PMID: 34827341 PMCID: PMC8615169 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE—University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- PICTIS—International Platform for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health, Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal) & FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.H.); (J.-Y.M.)
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.H.); (J.-Y.M.)
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE—University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Díaz-Gavidia C, Barría C, Rivas L, García P, Alvarez FP, González-Rocha G, Opazo-Capurro A, Araos R, Munita JM, Cortes S, Olivares-Pacheco J, Adell AD, Moreno-Switt AI. Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:604567. [PMID: 34594307 PMCID: PMC8477802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including Escherichia coli (n=109), Citrobacter sp. (n=20), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n=8), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), and Klebsiella aerogenes (n=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two E. coli isolates (1.29%), the gene mcr-1 was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with blaCTX-M being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Díaz-Gavidia
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Barría
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Rivas
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca P Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrés Opazo-Capurro
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rafael Araos
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Cortes
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advance Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales (GRABPA), Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Aiko D Adell
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Zheng Z, Lei Y, Wang Y, Lin C, Lin J. Occurrence of mcr Positive Strains and Molecular Characteristics of Two mcr-1 Positive Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli from a Chinese Women's and Children's Hospital. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2925-2932. [PMID: 34349527 PMCID: PMC8327187 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s322686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr) in Gram-negative bacteria and to analyze the molecular characteristics of mcr-1 positive Salmonella typhimurium strain 75 and Escherichia coli strain 107 from the Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital in China. Methods The genes mcr-1 through mcr-9 were screened via multiplex PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was detected using a GN11 card with the VITEK-2 compact automated system. Whole genomes were sequenced using PacBio’s single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. Results In this study, mcr-1 was detected in only four strains, with a positivity rate of 0.65% (4/616). All the four strains were resistant to more than three different kinds of antibiotics. The mcr-1 positive S. typhimurium strain 75 harbored IncHI2 plasmid, which carried mcr-1 gene, while the mcr-1 positive E. coli strain 107 contained four plasmids including one mcr-1 harboring IncHI2 plasmid, one IncFII plasmid and two IncI1-I (Alpha) plasmids. Mobile elements carrying mcr-1 in the 75_plasmid and 107_plasmid-1 were located in the IS1086(ISApl1)-IS30A(ISApl1)-mcr-1-hp and IS1086(ISApl1)-mcr-1-hp regions, respectively. Tn6010 carrying drug efflux pump genes was found in 75_plasmid, while cn_31611_IS26 carrying multi-drug resistance (MDR) genes were found in 107_plasmid-1. Conclusion This study found that mcr-1 was prevalent at a low frequency in the Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital. A similar genetic pattern of mcr-1 transmission was found in both E. coli and S. typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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16
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Prevalence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail raw foods in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 346:109164. [PMID: 33813365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the presence of genes in ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) isolated from retail raw food in Nha Trang, Vietnam. A total of 452 food samples comprising chicken (n = 116), pork (n = 112), fish (n = 112) and shrimp (n = 112) collected between 2015 and 2017 were examined for the prevalence of ESBL-Ec. ESBL-Ec were detected in 46.0% (208/452) of retail food samples, particularly in 66.4% (77/116), 55.4% (62/112), 42.0% (47/112) 19.6% (22/112) of chicken, pork, fish and shrimp, respectively. Sixty-five out of the 208 (31.3%) ESBL-Ec isolates were positive for mcr genes including mcr-1, mcr-3 and both mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes in 56/208 (26.9%), 1/208 (0.5%) and 8/208 (3.9%) isolates, respectively. Particularly, there was higher prevalence of mcr-1 in ESBL-Ec isolates from chicken (53.2%, 41/77) in comparison to shrimp (22.7%, 5/22), pork (11.3%, 7/62) and fish (6.4%, 3/47). mcr-3 gene was detected in co-existence with mcr-1 in ESBL-Ec isolates from shrimp (9.1%, 2/22), pork (8.1%, 5/62) and fish (2.1%, 1/47) but not chicken. The 65 mcr-positive ESBL-Ec (mcr-ESBL-Ec) were colistin-resistant with the MICs of 4-8 μg/mL. All mcr-3 gene-positive isolates belonged to group A, whereas phylogenetic group distribution of isolates harboring only mcr-1 was B1 (44.6%), A (28.6%) and D (26.8%). PFGE analysis showed diverse genotypes, although some isolates demonstrated nearly clonal relationships. S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization illustrated that the mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes were located either on chromosomes or on plasmids. However, the types of mcr genes were harbored on different plasmids with varied sizes of 30-390 kb. Besides, the ESBL genes of CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9 were also detected to be located on plasmids. Noteworthy, co-location of CTX-M-1 with mcr-1 or mcr-3 genes on the same plasmid was identified. The conjugation experiment indicated that the mcr-1 or mcr-3 was horizontally transferable. All mcr-ESBL-Ec isolates were multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Moreover, β-Lactamase-encoding genes of the CTX-M-1 (78.5%), CTX-M-9 (21.5%), TEM (61.5%) groups were found in mcr-ESBL-Ec. The astA gene was detected in 27 (41.5%) mcr-ESBL-Ec isolates demonstrating their potential virulence. In conclusion, mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes existed individually or concurrently in ESBL-Ec isolates recovered from retail raw food in Nha Trang city, which might further complicate the antimicrobial-resistant situation in Vietnam, and is a possible health risk for human.
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17
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Xu J, Zhang N, Luo M, Wang M, Wang L, Li J, Li Z, Zhao H, Li Z, Kan B, Lu X. Rapid Identification of Plasmid Replicon Type and Coexisting Plasmid-Borne Antimicrobial Resistance Genes by S1-Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis-Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:298-305. [PMID: 33661029 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial drug resistance is a significant food safety problem and public health threat. Plasmids carrying drug resistance genes may result in the rapid spread of resistance among different bacteria, hosts, and environments; therefore, antibiotic resistance monitoring and continuing research into the mechanisms of drug resistance are urgently needed. Southern blotting with probes for antibiotic resistance genes and even next-generation sequencing have been used previously to detect plasmid-borne resistance genes, but these approaches are complex and time-consuming. The next-generation sequencing requires strict laboratory conditions and bioinformatics analysis ability. In this study, we developed a simplified and sensitive method to detect plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicon types. Salmonella strains carrying plasmids of three different replicon types that contained mcr-1 and two ESBL-producing genes were used to verify the new method. The plasmids harbored by the Salmonella strains were separated by S1 nuclease treatment and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), then recovered and used as the templates for droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to identify target genes. The target genes were present in significantly higher copy numbers on the plasmids than the background noise. These results were consistent with the plasmid sequencing results. This S1-PFGE-ddPCR method was less time-consuming to perform than Southern blot and complete plasmid sequencing. Therefore, this method represents a time-saving alternative for detecting plasmid-borne genes, and is likely to be a valuable tool for detecting coexisting plasmid-borne drug resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Laboratory Medicine, Yulin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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18
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Sadek M, Ortiz de la Rosa JM, Abdelfattah Maky M, Korashe Dandrawy M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Genomic Features of MCR-1 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Retail Raw Chicken in Egypt. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010195. [PMID: 33477851 PMCID: PMC7832903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered as a last resort agent for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr type) have been reported, mainly corresponding to mcr-1 producers. Those mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales have been identified not only from human isolates, but also from food samples, from animal specimens and from environmental samples in various parts of the world. Our study focused on the occurrence and characterization of mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales recovered from retail raw chicken in Egypt. From the 345 retail chicken carcasses collected, a total of 20 samples allowed to recover mcr-1-positive isolates (Escherichia coli, n = 19; Citrobacter freundii, n = 1). No mcr-2- to mcr-10-positive isolate was identified from those samples. The colistin resistance trait was confirmed for all those 20 isolates with a positivity of the Rapid Polymyxin NP (Nordmann-Poirel) test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin for all MCR-1-producing isolates ranged between 4 and 16 μg/mL. Noticeably, 9 out of the 20 mcr-1-positive isolates produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), respectively producing CTX-M-9 (n = 2), CTX-M-14 (n = 4), CTX-M-15 (n = 2), and SHV-12 (n = 1). Noteworthy, the fosA4 gene encoding resistance to fosfomycin was found in a single mcr-1-positive E. coli isolate, in which both genes were located on different conjugative plasmids. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were identified, corresponding to 10 different sequence types (STs), highlighting the genetic diversity of those different E. coli. Whole-genome sequencing revealed three major types of mcr-1-bearing plasmids, corresponding to IncI2, IncX4, and IncHI2 scaffolds. The occurrence of MCR-1-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in retail raw chicken is of great concern, considering the possibility of transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sadek
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Mohamed Korashe Dandrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tahar S, Nabil MM, Safia T, Ngaiganam EP, Omar A, Hafidha C, Hanane Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Milk of Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Algeria. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2173-2178. [PMID: 32692852 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in cows with clinical mastitis in 42 different dairy farms located in the Bordj Bou Arreridj region of Algeria. Milk samples were cultured on Columbia blood agar, and isolates were then identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. In total, 200 samples were screened and 52 E. coli strains confirmed as causative agents were obtained. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes, including those conferring resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (i.e., blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetC, and tetJ), aminoglycosides [aph(3'), aac(3'), aac(6'), ant, aad, and armA], and quinolones (qnrA and qnrB) were amplified by standard PCR and sequenced when positive. Transferability of resistance genes has been investigated by conjugation experiments and multilocus sequence typing. The most frequently observed resistance was to amoxicillin (86.5%), followed by tetracycline (75%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (59.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (36.5%), doxycycline (13.5%), and ciprofloxacin (13.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 38.4% of isolates. Genotypic characterization showed that tetA (44.2%) and blaTEM-1 (30.7%) genes were the most prevalent. Screening for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes demonstrated that seven isolates (13.5%) expressed qnrB and one isolate (1.9%) harbored qnrA. In addition, aminoglycoside resistance determinants including aadA1 and aac(3)-Id were detected in seven and two isolates, respectively. Moreover, blaTEM, tetA, tetB, qnrB, and aadA1 were successfully transferred horizontally to transconjugant strains. The multilocus sequence typing revealed the presence of three different sequence types (ST162, ST371, and ST 949).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedrati Tahar
- Laboratoire de recherche Gestion des Ressources Animales Locales, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Oued Smar, 16000 Alger, Algérie
| | - Menoueri M Nabil
- Université Saad Dahlab de Blida, BP 270, Route de Soumâa, 09000 Blida, Algérie
| | - Tennah Safia
- Laboratoire de recherche Gestion des Ressources Animales Locales, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Oued Smar, 16000 Alger, Algérie
| | - Edgarthe P Ngaiganam
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Azzi Omar
- Laboratoire de recherche Gestion des Ressources Animales Locales, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Oued Smar, 16000 Alger, Algérie
| | - Chadi Hafidha
- Laboratoire de recherche Gestion des Ressources Animales Locales, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Oued Smar, 16000 Alger, Algérie
| | - Zerrouki Hanane
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement-Université de Tlemcen, Algérie
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-2324 [S.M.D.])
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20
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An Abattoir-Based Study on the Prevalence of Salmonella Fecal Carriage and ESBL Related Antimicrobial Resistance from Culled Adult Dairy Cows in Wuhan, China. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100853. [PMID: 33086687 PMCID: PMC7590148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the fecal carriage of Salmonella spp. among culled adult dairy cows presented to an abattoir in Wuhan, China and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Rectal swabs from 138 culled cows were cultured. Laboratory analysis involved the identification of Salmonella, the susceptibility assessment and the presence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases and mcr genes in the isolates. An overall prevalence of Salmonella of 29.0% was recorded with 63.4% (26/41) and 2.4% (1/41) of the isolates identified as S. Typhimurium and S. Dublin, respectively. The occurrence of Salmonella was higher (odd ratios: 3.3) in culled cows originating from the northeast zone of China than cows originating from the central and north zones. Twenty multi-drug resistant strains (resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents) were detected (48.8%) and overall, a high resistance to ampicillin (36/41) and tetracycline (15/41) was observed. Extended Spectrum β-lactamases phenotypes were found in 7/41 isolates, of which all contained the blaCTX-M resistance gene, and no mcr genes were found by polymerase chain reaction. The high prevalence of Salmonella fecal carriage and antimicrobial resistance may contribute to an increased risk of Salmonella transmission to food.
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21
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Co-harboring of mcr-1 and β-lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA): Molecular typing of superbug strains in bloodstream infections (BSI). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104518. [PMID: 32891877 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa (CRPA) is due to the appearance of superbug strains. As this pathogen gains more transferrable resistance mechanisms and continues to adapt to acquire additional resistance mechanisms during antimicrobial therapy rapidly, we face the growing threat of CRPA in bloodstream infections (BSI). This study designed to evaluate the frequency of CRPA strains producing different β-lactamases by the High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis (HRMA) method in BSI and to characterize the different types by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-nine (69) P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from blood culture. MIC E-test methods examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the bacterial isolates. Detection of resistant strains performed by using HRMA assay. RESULTS The strains resistant to amikacin (n = 11; 15.94%) and colistin (n = 10; 14.49%) were the least abundant and the gentamicin (n = 56; 82.6%) and ciprofloxacin (n = 67; 97.10%) resistant strains were the most frequent. Also, 39 isolates (56.52%) considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR), 20 isolates (28.98%) as extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 11 isolates (15.94%) as Pandrug Resistance (PDR). Further, 32 isolates (46.37%) considered as AmpC producer, and 28 isolates (40.57%) were considered an MBL producer. According to HRMA results, the blaSPM gene was detected in 19 isolates (27.53%), blaNDM gene in 11 isolates (15.94%), blaFOX gene in 31 isolates (44.92%), mcr-1 gene in 10 isolates (14.49%), blaACC and blaVIM genes in 27 isolates (39.13%), and blaTEM gene was reported in 20 isolates (28.98%). Furthermore, P. aeruginosa PASGNDM699, ST3340, and ST235 identified in 1.44%, 11.59% and 17.39% isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION CRPA strains play an essential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance in BSI. Likewise, the HRMA method was sensitive and specific for the detection of superbugs. Moreover, MLST analysis of a diverse collection of P. aeruginosa from blood culture suggests that particular strains or clonal complexes are associated with antibiotic resistance profile.
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22
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Lapierre L, Cornejo J, Zavala S, Galarce N, Sánchez F, Benavides MB, Guzmán M, Sáenz L. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors and Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat: First Findings in Chile. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061049. [PMID: 32570768 PMCID: PMC7341295 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella Infantis (S. Infantis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals, with poultry being its main reservoir. This pathogen has emerged over the last few decades in different countries, causing outbreaks in humans subsequent to foodborne transmission. It is important to be able to characterize this pathogen in order to establish control measures in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the presence of virulence genes, biofilm formation abilities, antibiotic resistance genes, and antibiotic susceptibility in S. Infantis. The results showed that the S. Infantis strains isolated from chicken meat for sale in supermarkets in Santiago, Chile are multidrug-resistant (MDR) and contain virulence genes, making them pathogenic. Thus, Salmonella Infantis should be under surveillance in the poultry food production chain with the aim of protecting public health. Abstract Salmonella Infantis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals, with poultry being its main reservoir. In Chile, there are no data to characterize S. Infantis strains in poultry production. In this study, 87 S. Infantis strains were isolated from chicken meat for sale in supermarkets in Santiago, Chile, and characterized according to their virulence genes, biofilm formation abilities, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes. Through polymerase chain reaction or PCR, the strains were analyzed to detect the presence of 11 virulence genes, 12 antibiotic resistance genes, and integrase genes. Moreover, disc diffusion susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials and the ability to form biofilm in vitro were evaluated. Results demonstrated six different virulence gene profiles. Ninety-four percent of the strains were multi-resistant to antibiotics with weak biofilm formation abilities, 63.2% of the strains were broad spectrum β- lactam resistant, and the blaCTX-M-65 gene was amplified in 13 strains. Only 3.4% of the strains were fluoroquinolone resistant, and the qnrB gene was amplified in two strains. Colistin resistance was exhibited in 28.7% of the strains, but mrc genes were not amplified in any strain under study. The isolated S. Infantis strains are pathogenic and antibiotic multi-resistant, and thus, this Salmonella serotype should be under surveillance in the poultry food production chain with the aim of protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-785-615
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Sebastián Zavala
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - María Belén Benavides
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
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