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Prevalence of dysglycemia and its associations with age and body mass index among community dwelling adults in a developing country. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chen S, Qian D, Burström B. Two-year impact of an educational intervention in primary care on blood glucose control and diabetes knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study in rural China. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1893502. [PMID: 33825677 PMCID: PMC8032340 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1893502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in rural China and should be managed in primary health care, but knowledge is lacking. Educational interventions have been implemented but not followed up long-term. Objective: The study aimed to assess the long-term impact of an educational intervention on patients’ diabetes knowledge and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and whether these outcomes differed between two rural counties. Methods: The study was nested in an educational intervention project in primary health care in Jiangsu province. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Huaiyin county and Gaochun county were randomly divided into an intervention group receiving an educational intervention and follow-up visits, and a control group with standard care. Questionnaires and medical records, including FBG level and diabetes knowledge score, were compared, at baseline in 2015 and two follow-ups, in 2016, and 2017, respectively. A paired t-test and two mixed-effects linear regression models were used. Results: The diabetes knowledge score increased in the intervention group in 2016 and in 2017, compared with 2015. The FBG level decreased in 2016 compared with 2015 in the intervention and control groups. Comparing data in 2015 and 2017, there was no significant change in FBG level in the intervention or control group, but the diabetes knowledge score increased in the intervention group both in 2016 and 2017. A significant association between FBG level and the interaction of time and group, suggesting a long-term effect, was only found in Gaochun county in 2017. Conclusion: The educational intervention improved the diabetes knowledge score in the intervention group, while no significant improvement was found in the control group in both year 2016 and 2017. Meanwhile, the intervention had a positive impact on FBG level in the intervention group in 2017. Patients in Gaochun county had better improvement in both diabetes knowledge and controlling FBG level, compared with Huaiyin county.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Chen
- Health Outcomes and Economic Evaluation Research Group, Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfu Qian
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Health Policy Studies, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Burström
- Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Health Policy Studies, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Interaction of Adiponectin Genotypes and Insulin Resistance on the Occurrence of Taiwanese Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5570827. [PMID: 33997011 PMCID: PMC8110375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds Adiponectin (apM1) may affect insulin sensitivity, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) can inhibit the binding of insulin and insulin receptors. However, whether apM1 and TNF-α genes influence the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) preceded by insulin resistance is unclear. The current study examines the interactions between the apM1 +45 genotypes, TNF-α -308 genotypes, and insulin resistance on the occurrence of MetS. Methods A total of 329 community residents were recruited, and their personal characteristics were collected. Waist circumference and biochemical markers were examined for determining MetS. Genotypes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction. Results After adjusting for the confounding effects, compared to apM1 +45 GG and GT genotypes carriers with HOMR-IR less than 2.0, those carriers with HOMA-IR greater than 2.0 had an increased MetS risk (OR = 4.35, 95% CI 2.14-8.85). Further, apM1 +45 TT carriers with HOMA-IR greater than 2.0 experienced a higher MetS risk (OR = 5.91, 95% CI 2.78-12.54). A significant interaction of the apM1 +45 genotype and insulin resistance on the MetS development was observed (P = 0.04). Conclusion Our data suggested that apM1 +45 genotypes might modify the effect of insulin resistance on the development of Taiwanese MetS.
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Brož J, Malinovská J, Nunes MA, Kučera K, Rožeková K, Žejglicová K, Urbanová J, Jenšovský M, Brabec M, Lustigová M. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and its risk factors in adults aged 25-64 in the Czech Republic: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 170:108470. [PMID: 32998019 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and prediabetes in the Czech population aged 25-64 years and to evaluate the relationships with various cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS This was an epidemiological study with a stratified, crosssectional, random sampling design. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anamnestic data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, medical examination, and biochemical assays. RESULTS Among the 1189 participants, 114 were diagnosed with DM (9.6%), 330 with prediabetes (27.8%) and 745 were non-diabetes/non-prediabetes individuals (62.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight, general and abdominal obesity, hypertension, and lower level of HDL (increased risk) significantly increased the risk of both prediabetes and DM, while living in the cities diminished risk of DM. Among lifestyle variables the significant increased risk of prediabetes and DM was found for smokers and ex-smokers. In other lifestyle variables (marijuana lifetime prevalence, physical activity and frequency of alcohol drinking) the significantly higher or lower risk for prediabetes or DM was not found. CONCLUSIONS The study shows a high prevalence of DM and prediabetes in the Czech population of age between 25 and 64, providing data on their association with several risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brož
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malinovská
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marisa A Nunes
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kučera
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Belegärzte am Alice-Hospital, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katarína Rožeková
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jana Urbanová
- Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Ruská 97, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Second Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Ruská 97, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Jenšovský
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Národní 3, 117 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Lustigová
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czechia; National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 00 Prague, Czechia.
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Chen S, Qian D, Burström K, Burström B. Impact of an educational intervention in primary care on fasting blood glucose levels and diabetes knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural China. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1767-1773. [PMID: 32414563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of an educational intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in rural China, on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and diabetes knowledge. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 1,589) in 18 township health centres in three counties in Jiangsu Province were randomly divided into an intervention group receiving educational intervention and follow-up visits, and a control group with standard care. Questionnaires and medical records, including FBG level and diabetes knowledge score, were compared, at baseline and follow-up. Propensity score matching and Difference-in-Difference analysis were used. RESULTS The FBG level decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group, DID=-0.53 mmol/l, (CI95 % -0.90 to -0.16). The diabetes knowledge score increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group, DID = 0.91, (CI95 % 0.64-1.18). The FBG level and diabetes knowledge score improved significantly in the intervention group in all counties. CONCLUSIONS The educational intervention and increased collaboration between hospitals and primary care improved the FBG level and diabetes knowledge score in the intervention group compared to the control group after one year. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Educational intervention and increased collaboration between hospitals and primary care may improve diabetes care in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Chen
- Health Outcomes and Economic Evaluation Research Group, Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Dongfu Qian
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Kristina Burström
- Health Outcomes and Economic Evaluation Research Group, Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Health Policy Studies, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Burström
- Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Health Policy Studies, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
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Wasana KGP, Attanayake AP, Weerarathna TP, Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka K. Demographic Associations of Diabetes Status by Both Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glycated Hemoglobin in a Community Survey in Galle District, Sri Lanka. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:6127432. [PMID: 32322415 PMCID: PMC7166292 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tools used in detecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The present study was aimed to determine the demographic associations of diabetes status by both tests (FPG and HbA1C) in Galle district, Sri Lanka. 147 adults (30-60 years) who are having FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL underwent demographic evaluations and testing for HbA1C. Group 01 (diabetes status diagnosed by both tests) and group 2 (diabetes status diagnosed only by FPG) were compared using independant sample t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the association between the demographic factors and the diabetes status by both tests. Of the 147 study subjects, 38.1% were males, 61.9% were females, and 63.3% had a family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDR). Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), FPG, and HbA1C of the participants were 48.4 ± 7.2 years, 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2, 88.8 ± 9.0 cm, 139.4 ± 30.1 mg/dL, and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes based on both tests was 55.1%. There is a significant difference in mean BMI and WC while no significant differences in mean age between groups 01 and 02. No association was seen between gender and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 0.086, p=0.770), while a significant difference was observed between DM among FDR and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 33.215, p < 0.001). Significance of odds of having diabetes by both tests with rising BMI (OR = 1.97, CI 1.15-3.36, p=0.013) and DM among FDR (OR = 7.95, CI 3.54-17.88, p=0.000) was seen. We conclude rising BMI and having DM among FDR are strongly associated with diabetes status diagnosed by both tests of FPG and HbA1C in community screening.
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