The Triglycerides-Glucose Index Shows a Stronger Correlation with Serum Adiponectin Levels than Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index

Prognostic effect of triglyceride glucose-related parameters on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the United States adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

BACKGROUNDS

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, it remains unclear whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related parameters, which serve as useful biomarkers to assess IR, have prognostic effects on mortality outcomes of MASLD.

METHODS

Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2018 years were included. TyG and its related parameters [TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC) and TyG-waist to height ratio (TyG-WHtR)] were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were conducted to evaluate the association between TyG-related indices with the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of adults with MASLD. The concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of TyG-related indices.

RESULTS

A total of 8208 adults (4209 men and 3999 women, median age 49.00 years) with MASLD were included in this study. Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that high quartile levels of TyG-related indices were significantly associated with the all-cause mortality of participants with MASLD [TyGadjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.50, P = 0.014; TyG-WCaHR for all-cause mortality = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.52, P = 0.006; TyG-WHtRaHR for all-cause mortality = 1.50, 95% CI 1.25-1.80, P < 0.001; TyG-WCaHR for cardiovascular mortality = 1.81, 95% CI 1.28-2.55, P = 0.001; TyG-WHtRaHR for cardiovascular mortality = 2.22, 95% CI 1.55-3.17, P < 0.001]. The C-index of TyG-related indices for predicting all-cause mortality was 0.563 for the TyG index, 0.579 for the TyG-WC index, and 0.585 for the TyG-WHtR index, respectively. Regarding cardiovascular mortality, the C-index was 0.561 for the TyG index, 0.607 for the TyG-WC index, and 0.615 for the TyG-WHtR index, respectively. Nonlinear trends were observed between TyG and TyG-WC indices with all-cause mortality of MASLD (P < 0.001 and = 0.012, respectively). A non-linear relationship was observed between the TyG index and cardiovascular mortality of MASLD (P = 0.025). Subgroup analysis suggested that adults aged < 65 years old and those without comorbidities were more sensitive to the mortality prediction of TyG-related indices.

CONCLUSION

Findings of this study highlight the predictive value of TyG-related indices, especially the TyG-WHtR index, in the mortality outcomes of adults with MASLD. TyG-related indices would be surrogate biomarkers for the clinical management of MASLD.

Improvement of Triglyceride-Glucose Index Following Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for the management of severe obesity and its associated comorbidities, including metabolic abnormalities. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a novel marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V4 software. The overall effect size was determined by a random-effects meta-analysis and the leave-one-out approach.

RESULTS

A total of 9 trials including 1620 individuals confirmed a significant reduction in TyG following bariatric surgery (weighted mean difference (WMD) - 0.770, 95% CI - 1.006, - 0.534, p < 0.001). In a sub-analysis according to the type of bariatric surgery there was a significant reduction in TyG index for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (WMD - 0.775, 95% CI - 1.000, - 0.550, p < 0.001), and sleeve gastrectomy (WMD - 0.920, 95% CI - 1.368, - 0.473, p < 0.001). In a sub-analysis according to the follow-up duration there was similarly a significant reduction in TyG index for both < 12 months (WMD - 1.645, 95% CI - 2.123, - 1.167, p < 0.001), and ≥ 12 months follow-up (WMD - 0.954, 95% CI - 1.606, - 0.303, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the TyG index following bariatric surgery, indicating improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. These findings highlight the potential of bariatric surgery as a valuable therapeutic option for individuals with obesity and its metabolic consequences.