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Hendry JM, Head LK. Alternative Nerve Coaptations: End-To-Side and Beyond. Hand Clin 2024; 40:369-377. [PMID: 38972681 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Modern end-to-side (ETS) nerve transfers have undergone several permutations since the early 1990's. Preclinical data have revealed important mechanisms and patterns of donor axon outgrowth into the recipient nerves and target reinnervation. The versatility of ETS nerve transfers can also potentially address several processes that limit functional recovery after nerve injury by babysitting motor end-plates and/or supporting the regenerative environment within the denervated nerve. Further clinical and basic science work is required to clarify the ideal clinical indications, contraindications, and mechanisms of action for these techniques in order to maximize their potential as reconstructive options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Hendry
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5G2, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queens University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Linden K Head
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5G2, Canada.
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2
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Pereira CT, Hill EE, Stasyuk A, Parikh N, Dhillon J, Wang A, Li A. Molecular Basis of Surgical Coaptation Techniques in Peripheral Nerve Injuries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041555. [PMID: 36836090 PMCID: PMC9966153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries requiring surgical repair affect over 100,000 individuals in the US annually. Three accepted methods of peripheral repair include end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side neurorrhaphy, each with its own set of indications. While it remains important to understand the specific circumstances in which each method is employed, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the repair can add to the surgeon's decision-making algorithm when considering each technique, as well as help decide nuances in technique such as the need for making epineurial versus perineurial windows, length and dept of the nerve window, and distance from target muscle. In addition, a thorough knowledge of individual factors that are active in a particular repair can help guide research into adjunct therapies. This paper serves to summarize the similarities and divergences of the three commonly used nerve repair strategies and the scope of molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways in nerve regeneration as well as to identify the gaps in knowledge that should be addressed if we are to improve clinical outcomes in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford T. Pereira
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise E. Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Surgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA 94535, USA
| | - Anastasiya Stasyuk
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Zhao J, Zhang S, Duan L, Yao R, Yan Y, Wang T, Wang J, Zheng Z, Wang X, Li G. Preparation and mechanical optimization of a two-layer silk/magnesium wires braided porous artificial nerve guidance conduit. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1801-1812. [PMID: 35836350 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injures have long been a tricky problem in surgery and a feasible treatment is the transplantation of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). This study presents a two-layer composite NGC with fair mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. The inner layer was made of degummed silk yarns/magnesium wires using braiding technology, and the outer layer was made from mixed solution of silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) using freeze-drying treatment. Orthogonal experimental design was applied to rationally design the braided structural layer and obtain the optimal combination of technical process parameters. Meanwhile, the SF/CS porous outer layer was optimized from three concentrations of SF/CS solution. In vitro and in vivo study suggested that the textile-forming scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility and no toxicity. During 4 weeks' degradation, the skeleton of conduits retained its shape, and magnesium ions released from degraded magnesium wires contributed to sustainable release and uniform dispersion, proliferation and adhesion of Schwann cells, indicating potential approach in the development of NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lirong Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruotong Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Braga Silva J, Busnello CV, Becker AS, Moriguchi CA, de Melo RO, Waichel VB. End-to-side neurorrhaphy in peripheral nerves: Does it work? HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2021; 41:2-6. [PMID: 34464758 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute peripheral nerve injuries are common and can cause physical disabilities with sensory and functional sequelae; they therefore require surgery. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical applicability of end-to-side neurorrhaphy in peripheral nerve reconstruction, based on available evidence. We carried out a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scielo and Scopus through March 16, 2021. Most of the selected studies were qualitative and employed nonrandomized groups of patients, without standardized scales for assessing outcomes, which made statistical analysis difficult. Efficacy varied from 24% to 81%. Factors for better outcome included the type of injury, type of injured nerve (sensory, motor or mixed), presence of an epineural window, topography, injury extension <1.3 cm, and intervention within 2 weeks of injury. Clinical studies so far lack scientific evidence on end-to-side neurorrhaphy in peripheral nerve lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Braga Silva
- Service of Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, São Lucas Hospital, Centro Clinico PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6690, Suite 216, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - C V Busnello
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - A S Becker
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - C A Moriguchi
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - R O de Melo
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - V B Waichel
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Assessment of axonal sprouting and motor performance after hypoglossal-facial end-to-side nerve repair: experimental study in rats. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1563-1576. [PMID: 32488325 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis (HFA) aims to reanimate denervated mimic muscles with hypoglossal axons when the transected facial nerve is not accessible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of HFA using a "Y" tube in two variants: (1) the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve was entubulated to the "Y" tube (classic "Y" tube HFA) and (2) the "Y" tube was sutured to an epineurial window of a slightly damaged hypoglossal nerve (end-to-side "Y" tube HFA). A total of 48 adult female rats were divided into four groups: intact controls (group 1), sham operated (group 2), classic "Y" tube HFA (group 3) and end-to-side "Y" tube HFA (group 4). The abdominal aorta with both common iliac arteries of isogeneic male rats served as the Y-tube conduit. Animals from group 4 recovered better than those from group 3: the degree of collateral axonal branching (3 ± 1%) was significantly lower than that determined in group 3 (13 ± 1%). The mean deviation of the tongue from the midline was significantly smaller in group 4 (6 ± 4°) than that measured in animals from group 3 (41 ± 6°). In the determination of vibrissal motor function in group 3 and group 4, a decrease in amplitude was found to be - 66% and - 92%, respectively. No differences in the reinnervation pattern of the target muscles were detected. As a result, these surgical models were not determined to be able to improve vibrissal movements. It was concluded that performance of end-to-side "Y" tube HFA diminishes collateral axonal branching at the lesion site, which in turn, promotes better recovery of tongue- and vibrissal-motor performance.
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Gold nanorods reinforced silk fibroin nanocomposite for peripheral nerve tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1034-1039. [PMID: 30742919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, regenerating peripheral nerves injuries (PNIs) remain a major clinical challenge, which has gained a great attention between scientists. Here, we represent a nanocomposite based on silk fibroin reinforced gold nanorods (SF/GNRs) to evaluate the proliferation and attachment of PC12 cells. The morphological characterization of nanocomposites with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fabricated scaffolds have porous structure with interconnected pores that is suitable for cell adhesion and growth. GNRs significantly improved the poor electrical conductivity of bulk silk fibroin scaffold. Evaluating the morphology of PC12 cells on the scaffold also confirmed the normal morphology of cells with good rate of adhesion. SF/GNRs nanocomposites showed better cellular attachment, growth and proliferation without any toxicity compared with bulk SF scaffold. Moreover, immunostaining studies represented the overexpression of neural specific proteins like nestin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the cells cultured on SF/GNRs nanocomposites in comparison to neat SF scaffolds.
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Beris A, Gkiatas I, Gelalis I, Papadopoulos D, Kostas-Agnantis I. Current concepts in peripheral nerve surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 29:263-269. [PMID: 30483968 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The injuries of the peripheral nerves are relatively frequent. Some of them may lead to defects which cannot be repaired with direct end-to-end repair without tension. These injuries may cause function loss to the patient, and they consist a challenge for the treating microsurgeon. Autologous nerve grafts remain the gold standard for bridging the peripheral nerve defects. Nevertheless, there are selected cases where alternative types of nerve reconstruction can be performed in order to cover the peripheral nerve defects. In all these types of reconstruction, the basic principles of microsurgery are necessary and the surgeon should be aware of them in order to achieve a successful reconstruction. The purpose of the present review was to present the most current data concerning the surgical options available for bridging such defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Gkiatas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Gelalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kostas-Agnantis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Viterbo F, Brock RS, Maciel F, Ayestaray B, Garbino JA, Rodrigues CP. End-to-side versus end-to-end neurorrhaphy at the peroneal nerve in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:697-705. [PMID: 29019587 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170090000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate three different kinds of neurorrhaphy of the peroneal nerve. METHODS Eigthy rats were divided into 5 groups. Control: nerve had no intervention. End-to-end (EE): nerve was cut and elongated with a nerve graft with two end-to-end neurorrhaphies. End-to-side (ES): nerve was cut and sutured to the graft with at the lateral side of the nerve. Side-to-end (SE): the nerve was cut and sutured to the graft with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Denervated: nerve was cut and both endings were buried into the muscle. The evaluation was done by walking track analysis, electrophysiology, body mass, cranial tibial muscle mass, nerve and muscle fibers morphometry. RESULTS The EE, ES and SE have the same potential of reinnervation. CONCLUSION There is no functional or histological difference between these different types of neurorrhaphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Viterbo
- PhD, Associated Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision
| | - Ryane Schmidt Brock
- MsC, PhD, Plastic Surgeon, Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Aquisition of data, manuscript writing
| | - Fábio Maciel
- Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy, Institute for Health and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Coari-AM, Brazil. Scientific content of the study, acquisition of data, manuscript writing
| | - Benoit Ayestaray
- Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructrive Surgery, Sud Francilien Hospital, University Paris, Corbeil-Essonnes, France. Aquisition of data
| | - José Antonio Garbino
- PhD of Science, Specialist in Clinical Neurophysiology and Medical Rehabilitation, Section Head of Assessment and Diagnosis, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, critical revision
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Comparison of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with Side-to-side, End-to-side, and End-to-end Repairs: An Experimental Study. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1179. [PMID: 28293523 PMCID: PMC5222668 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to find out a tool to enable improved functional recovery with proximal nerve injury. In this experimental study, nerve regeneration was compared between side-to-side (STS), end-to-side (ETS), and end-to-end repairs. Methods: The walk track analysis was used as an outcome of functional recovery. Nerve regeneration was studied with morphometry and histology 6 or 26 weeks postoperatively. Results: All 3 repair techniques showed regeneration of the nerve. From 12 weeks onward, the functional results of the 3 intervention groups were significantly better compared with the unrepaired control group. End-to-end repair was significantly better when compared with the STS and ETS groups. At 26 weeks, the functional and morphometric results and histologic findings did not differ between the STS and ETS groups. The functional results correlated with the morphometric findings in all groups. Conclusions: STS neurorrhaphy showed nerve regeneration, and the end results did not differ from clinically widely used ETS repair. Further studies are warranted to optimize the neurorrhaphy technique and examine possible applications of STS repair in peripheral nerve surgery.
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Hendry JM, Alvarez-Veronesi MC, Snyder-Warwick A, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Side-To-Side Nerve Bridges Support Donor Axon Regeneration Into Chronically Denervated Nerves and Are Associated With Characteristic Changes in Schwann Cell Phenotype. Neurosurgery 2016; 77:803-13. [PMID: 26171579 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic denervation resulting from long nerve regeneration times and distances contributes greatly to suboptimal outcomes following nerve injuries. Recent studies showed that multiple nerve grafts inserted between an intact donor nerve and a denervated distal recipient nerve stump (termed "side-to-side nerve bridges") enhanced regeneration after delayed nerve repair. OBJECTIVE To examine the cellular aspects of axon growth across these bridges to explore the "protective" mechanism of donor axons on chronically denervated Schwann cells. METHODS In Sprague Dawley rats, 3 side-to-side nerve bridges were placed over a 10-mm distance between an intact donor tibial (TIB) nerve and a recipient denervated common peroneal (CP) distal nerve stump. Green fluorescent protein-expressing TIB axons grew across the bridges and were counted in cross section after 4 weeks. Immunofluorescent axons and Schwann cells were imaged over a 4-month period. RESULTS Denervated Schwann cells dedifferentiated to a proliferative, nonmyelinating phenotype within the bridges and the recipient denervated CP nerve stump. As donor TIB axons grew across the 3 side-to-side nerve bridges and into the denervated CP nerve, the Schwann cells redifferentiated to the myelinating phenotype. Bridge placement led to an increased mass of hind limb anterior compartment muscles after 4 months of denervation compared with muscles whose CP nerve was not "protected" by bridges. CONCLUSION This study describes patterns of donor axon regeneration and myelination in the denervated recipient nerve stump and supports a mechanism where these donor axons sustain a proregenerative state to prevent deterioration in the face of chronic denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Hendry
- *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ‡Department of Surgery, §Institute of Medical Science, and ¶Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ‖SickKids Research Institute Program in Neuroscience, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tanaka N, Matsumoto I, Suzuki M, Kaneko M, Nitta K, Seguchi R, Ooi A, Takemura H. Chitosan tubes can restore the function of resected phrenic nerves. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21:8-13. [PMID: 25862094 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported that the phrenic nerve could be morphologically repaired by implantation of a chitosan nanofibre tube (C-tube). In the current study, we investigated whether implantation of C-tubes could improve the function of an injured phrenic nerve using a beagle dog model. METHODS Seven beagle dogs underwent right thoracotomy under general anaesthesia. An approximately 5 mm length of the right phrenic nerve was resected. Five dogs had a C-tube implantation (C-tube group) and other two dogs did not have the C-tube implantation (control group). Diaphragm movements were longitudinally measured by X-ray fluoroscopy before surgery, immediately after the surgery, and 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The diaphragm movement was determined by diaphragm levels at inspiration and expiration phases, and the excursion difference between them was calculated. At 12 months after the surgery, rethoracotomy was performed to examine electrical phrenic nerve conduction. The C-tube and phrenic nerve were then excised for histological assessment of nerve regeneration. RESULTS Three of the five animals of the C-tube group showed improvement of diaphragm movement with time. In these three animals, slow phrenic nerve conduction was observed. Histological assessment showed that the injured nerve was connected by newly regenerating nerve fibres surrounded by granulation tissue within the C-tube. On the other hand, the animals in the control group and two animals of the C-tube group showed neither improved diaphragm movement, nor electrical conduction to the diaphragm. No nerve fibre regeneration was found by histology. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, in addition to morphological improvement, C-tube implantation can functionally improve the injured phrenic nerve by promoting phrenic nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Suzuki
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mami Kaneko
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kanae Nitta
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryuta Seguchi
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akishi Ooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Gao W, Liu Q, Li S, Zhang J, Li Y. End-to-side neurorrhaphy for nerve repair and function rehabilitation. J Surg Res 2015; 197:427-35. [PMID: 25979558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-to-side neurorrhaphy is a promising procedure for nerve repair in peripheral nerve injury. However, in previous studies, this technique was limited to somatic nerves. The present study was designed to investigate the feasibility of nerve regeneration after end-to-side neurorrhaphy between autonomic nerve and somatic nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (n = 10 per group) for different treatments: (1) end-to-side neurorrhaphy group, the left L6 and S1 spinal nerves were transected in the dura, and the distal stump of L6 ventral root (L6VR) was sutured to the lateral face of L4 ventral root (L4VR) through end-to-side coaptation; (2) no repair group, the rats received the same operation as the end-to-side neurorrhaphy group but without coaptation; (3) control group, the rats received the same operation as the end-to-side neurorrhaphy group but the L6VR was preserved. After 4 month, the origin and mechanism of nerve regeneration were evaluated by retrograde nerve tracing. Morphologic and functional properties of the regenerated nerve were investigated by morphologic examination and intravesical pressure measurement. RESULTS Retrograde nerve tracing indicated that the new neural reflex pathway was successfully established, and the main regeneration mechanism was axon collateral sprouting. Morphologic examination and intravesical pressure measurement indicated prominent axonal regeneration and good bladder functional rehabilitation in the neurorrhaphy group. Wet weight and morphology of left extensor digitorum longus muscles appeared no detrimental effect on the donor nerve. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the somatic motor axons growth into autonomic nerve may be achieved through axon collateral sprouting for nerve repair and function rehabilitation after end-to-side neurorrhaphy of autonomic nerve and somatic nerve without apparent impairment of the donor somatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansheng Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang K, Lv Z, Liu J, Zhu H, Li R. Restoration and protection of brachial plexus injury: hot topics in the last decade. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1723-8. [PMID: 25374596 PMCID: PMC4211195 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus injury is frequently induced by injuries, accidents or birth trauma. Upper limb function may be partially or totally lost after injury, or left permanently disabled. With the development of various medical technologies, different types of interventions are used, but their effectiveness is wide ranging. Many repair methods have phasic characteristics, i.e., repairs are done in different phases. This study explored research progress and hot topic methods for protection after brachial plexus injury, by analyzing 1,797 articles concerning the repair of brachial plexus injuries, published between 2004 and 2013 and indexed by the Science Citation Index database. Results revealed that there are many methods used to repair brachial plexus injury, and their effects are varied. Intervention methods include nerve transfer surgery, electrical stimulation, cell transplantation, neurotrophic factor therapy and drug treatment. Therapeutic methods in this field change according to the hot topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhi Zhang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital attached to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - He Zhu
- Jilin University Clinic Medical College, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Lee JH, Cho SH. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on denervation atrophy and function caused by sciatic nerve injury. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25:1067-9. [PMID: 24259917 PMCID: PMC3818770 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The present study examined the effects of treatment using extracorporeal shock
wave therapy (ESWT) on the muscle weight and function of the hind limb in sciatic nerve
injury. [Subjects] Forty rats with sciatic nerve crushing injury were randomly divided
into two groups: an ESWT group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). [Methods] The ESWT
group received extracorporeal shock wave treatment, and the control group did not receive
any treatment after injury. Experimental animals were measured for muscle weight on an
electronic scale and were tested for function on a sciatic functional index (SFI).
[Results] All groups showed significant increases in the weights of the left soleus and
gastrocnemius muscles, and decreases in the weights of the right soleus and gastrocnemius
muscles (p<0.05). Comparison of SFI scores and muscle weights between the groups showed
significant differences in SFI scores, and the right soleus and gastrocnemius muscles
(p<0.05) [Conclusion] Exercise programs that use ESWT can be said to be effective at
improving the function of the sciatic nerve and preventing the denervation atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University Graduate school of Physical Therapy, Daegu University
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15
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Methylcobalamin facilitates collateral sprouting of donor axons and innervation of recipient muscle in end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76302. [PMID: 24098787 PMCID: PMC3786991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ulnar nerve as donor and musculocutaneous nerve as recipient we found earlier that end-to-side neurorrhaphy resulted in weak functional reinnervation after lengthy survival. End-to-side neurorrhaphy however is the sole choice of nerve repair at times and has the advantage of conserving donor nerve function. Here, we investigated whether myelination-enhancing agent methylcobalamin and motoneuron trophic factor pleiotrophin enhances the recovery after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Methylcobalamin significantly increased the expression of growth associated protein 43 and S100 protein and βIII tubulin in musculocutaneous nerve 1 month after neurorrhaphy suggesting the ingrowth of ulnar axonal sprouts in reactive Schwann cell environment. Upper limb functional test, compound muscle action potential measurements, motor end plate counts, and axon and myelin analyses showed that methylcobalamin treatment alone or with pleiotrophin improved the recovery significantly, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. There were fewer axons, closer in number to that of the intact recipient nerve, found in the distal repaired nerve of the methylcobalamin-treated than that of the vehicle control, suggesting that methylcobalamin facilitates axonal maturation and eliminates supernumerary sprouts. In conclusion, our results showed that methylcobalamin does indeed enhance the recovery of peripheral nerve repaired in end-to-side configuration.
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Haninec P, Mencl L, Kaiser R. End-to-side neurorrhaphy in brachial plexus reconstruction. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:689-94. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.6.jns122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Although a number of theoretical and experimental studies dealing with end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ETSN) have been published to date, there is still a considerable lack of clinical trials investigating this technique. Here, the authors describe their experience with ETSN in axillary and musculocutaneous nerve reconstruction in patients with brachial plexus palsy.
Methods
From 1999 to 2007, out of 791 reconstructed nerves in 441 patients treated for brachial plexus injury, the authors performed 21 axillary and 2 musculocutaneous nerve sutures onto the median, ulnar, or radial nerves. This technique was only performed in patients whose donor nerves, such as the thoracodorsal and medial pectoral nerves, which the authors generally use for repair of axillary and musculocutaneous nerves, respectively, were not available. In all patients, a perineurial suture was carried out after the creation of a perineurial window.
Results
The overall success rate of the ETSN was 43.5%. Reinnervation of the deltoid muscle with axillary nerve suture was successful in 47.6% of the patients, but reinnervation of the biceps muscle was unsuccessful in the 2 patients undergoing musculocutaneous nerve repair.
Conclusions
The authors conclude that ETSN should be performed in axillary nerve reconstruction but only when commonly used donor nerves are not available.
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Kundu B, Rajkhowa R, Kundu SC, Wang X. Silk fibroin biomaterials for tissue regenerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:457-70. [PMID: 23137786 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of tissues using cells, scaffolds and appropriate growth factors is a key approach in the treatments of tissue or organ failure. Silk protein fibroin can be effectively used as a scaffolding material in these treatments. Silk fibers are obtained from diverse sources such as spiders, silkworms, scorpions, mites and flies. Among them, silk of silkworms is a good source for the development of biomedical device. It possesses good biocompatibility, suitable mechanical properties and is produced in bulk in the textile sector. The unique combination of elasticity and strength along with mammalian cell compatibility makes silk fibroin an attractive material for tissue engineering. The present article discusses the processing of silk fibroin into different forms of biomaterials followed by their uses in regeneration of different tissues. Applications of silk for engineering of bone, vascular, neural, skin, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, cardiac, ocular, and bladder tissues are discussed. The advantages and limitations of silk systems as scaffolding materials in the context of biocompatibility, biodegradability and tissue specific requirements are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banani Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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18
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Lykoudis EG, Seretis K, Lykissas MG. Free sensate medial plantar flap for contralateral plantar forefoot reconstruction with flap reinnervation using end-to-side neurorrhaphy: a case report and literature review. Microsurgery 2013; 33:227-31. [PMID: 23345051 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of weight-bearing plantar defects remains a challenge due to the unique characteristics of the plantar skin and thus the limited available options. The medial plantar flap, either pedicled or free, represents an ideal option, but its use as sensate flap for forefoot defects has been scarcely reported. We present a case of plantar forefoot reconstruction with a free sensate medial plantar flap, with end-to-side coaptation of the cutaneous sensory fascicles of the flap to the medial plantar nerve of the recipient. Last follow-up, at 2 years post-op, verified a very good functional and aesthetic outcome, indicating that the suggested approach may prove the treatment of choice in selected cases of plantar forefoot reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios G Lykoudis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
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19
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Kovačič U, Zele T, Tomšič M, Sketelj J, Bajrović FF. Influence of breaching the connective sheaths of the donor nerve on its myelinated sensory axons and on their sprouting into the end-to-side coapted nerve in the rat. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:2805-15. [PMID: 22873667 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of breaching the connective sheaths of the donor sural nerve on axonal sprouting into the end-to-side coapted peroneal nerve was examined in the rat. In parallel, the effect of these procedures on the donor nerve was assessed. The sheaths of the donor nerve at the coaptation site were either left completely intact (group A) or they were breached by epineurial sutures (group B), an epineurial window (group C), or a perineurial window (group D). In group A, the compound action potential (CAP) of sensory axons was detected in ~10% and 40% of the recipient nerves at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, which was significantly less frequently than in group D at both recovery periods. In addition, the number of myelinated axons in the recipient nerve was significantly larger in group D than in other groups at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, the number of axons in group A was only ~15% of the axon numbers in other groups (p<0.05). Focal subepineurial degenerative changes in the donor nerves were only seen after 4 weeks, but not later. The average CAP area and the total number of myelinated axons in the donor nerves were not different among the experimental groups. In conclusion, myelinated sensory axons are able to penetrate the epiperineurium of donor nerves after end-to-side nerve coaption; however, their ingrowth into recipient nerves is significantly enhanced by breaching the epiperineurial sheets at the coaptation site. Breaching does not cause permanent injury to the donor nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Kovačič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Gao WS, Dong CJ, Li SQ, Kunwar KJ, Li B. Re-innervation of the bladder through end-to-side neurorrhaphy of autonomic nerve and somatic nerve in rats. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1704-13. [PMID: 22332710 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
End-to-side neurorrhaphy is widely used in the peripheral nervous system for nerve repair; however, the application of this technique has been limited to somatic nerves. The feasibility of nerve regeneration through end-to-side neurorrhaphy between autonomic and somatic nerves with different characteristics in the peripheral nervous system is still undetermined. In this study, rats were divided into three groups for different treatments (n=10 per group). In the end-to-side neurorrhaphy group, left L6 and S1 were transected in the dura, and the distal stump of L6 ventral root was sutured to the lateral face of L4 ventral root through end-to-side coaptation. In the no repair group, the rats did not undergo neurorrhaphy. In the control group, the left L6 dorsal root and S1 roots were transected, respectively, but the L6 ventral root was kept intact. After 16 weeks, the origin and mechanism of nerve regeneration was evaluated by retrograde double labeling technique as well as histological examination and intravesical pressure measurement. Retrograde double labeling indicated that the reconstructed reflex pathway was successfully established and the primary regeneration mechanism involved axon collateral sprouting. Morphological examination and intravesical pressure measurement indicated prominent nerve regeneration and successful re-innervation of the bladder in the neurorrhaphy group, compared with the "no repair" group (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the histology of the donor nerve and the bilateral extensor digitorum longus muscles in the neurorrhaphy group. Nerve regeneration may be achievable for nerve repair through end-to-side neurorrhaphy between autonomic and somatic nerves without apparent impairment of donor somatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Inducible nerve growth factor delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 126:1874-1889. [PMID: 21124128 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181f5274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HEK-293 cells can be genetically modified to release and regulate nerve growth factor (NGF) in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this NGF delivery system on peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. METHODS HEK-293 cells were transfected with an ecdysone receptor, NGF cDNA, and herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase suicide vector. NGF production is induced by ponasterone A and stopped by ganciclovir. A 13-mm sciatic nerve gap was bridged with Silastic conduits in 120 nude rats, and transfected HEK-293 cells were added, induced, and boostered to secrete bioactive NGF. RESULTS The induction of the cell line and additional booster with ponasterone A demonstrated significantly higher levels of bioactive NGF, enhanced macroscopic nerve growth, improved functional recovery, and histologic regeneration when compared with control groups after 7, 14, and 21 days, and 2 and 4 months. The treatment with ganciclovir resulted in suppression of the NGF production and decreased functional and histologic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Transfected HEK-293 cells can be regulated to inducibly produce bioactive NGF in vivo over prolonged periods. This tissue-engineered nerve construct including the NGF delivery system is able to improve peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery and appears to be superior to nerve isografts.
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Souza FID, Santos GBD, Silva CFD, Mattar Júnior R, Zumiotti AV. Avaliação histológica da neurorrafia término-lateral: estudo experimental em ratos. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522011000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Realizar estudo histológico comparando o crescimento axonal após neurorrafia término-lateral com e sem epineurectomia. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados vinte ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em dois grupos de 10 ratos cada. Um segmento de 1,0cm do nervo tibial e, foi transposto para o lado contralateral, sendo suturado no nervo ciático D. No grupo I, a sutura foi realizada diretamente no epineuro, enquanto que no grupo II foi realizado epineurectomia. Após 4 semanas foi realizado avaliação histológica do segmento transposto e no nervo ciático D, no sitio distal à lesão. RESULTADOS: demonstrou-se baixa quantidade de fibras remielinizadas, variando de 7 a 51 fibras no Grupo I e de 10 a 91 fibras no Grupo II. Utilizou-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney, com p=0,31, demonstrando que não há diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos. Não há relação positiva entre o número de fibras remielinizadas no enxerto e no sitio distal à lesão do ciático. CONCLUSÃO: A neurorrafia término-lateral, com e sem janela epineural, não promove remielinização eficiente. Nivel de evidência: Nível II: Estudo prospectivo comparativo
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Jinghui Huang, Lei Lu, Xueyu Hu, Zhengxu Ye, Ye Peng, Xiaodong Yan, Dan Geng, Zhuojing Luo. Electrical Stimulation Accelerates Motor Functional Recovery in the Rat Model of 15-mm Sciatic Nerve Gap Bridged by Scaffolds With Longitudinally Oriented Microchannels. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010; 24:736-45. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968310368686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. Electrical stimulation (ES) can enhance the regenerative capacity of axotomized motor and sensory neurons. However, the impact of ES on axonal regeneration and functional recovery has not been investigated in an animal model of a lengthy peripheral nerve defect. Objective. To determine whether ES accelerates axonal regeneration and functional recovery of a 15-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Methods. A 15-mm excision of the sciatic nerve was bridged with a chitosan scaffold with longitudinally or randomly oriented pores or with autologous grafting of the segment. In half of the animals with chitosan grafts, the proximal nerve stump was electrically stimulated for 1 hour at 20 Hz immediately after the nerve repair with the scaffolds. Axonal regeneration was investigated by retrograde labeling and morphometric analysis. The rate of motor functional recovery was evaluated by electrical nerve stimulation, behavioral tests of stepping, and histological appearance of the target muscles. Results. Axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery were improved by ES in animals that received longitudinal pore grafts as compared with others. The maximal number of axons that regenerated across the longitudinal graft was achieved 2 to 4 weeks earlier in rats with ES. In addition, the latency of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), the peak amplitude of CMAPs, and nerve conduction velocity were improved by ES. Stepping indices were better, with less atrophy of target muscle in ES rats managed with longitudinal pores. Conclusion. Brief ES may accelerate axonal regeneration and motor recovery after focal peripheral nerve transection when repaired with optimally tissue-engineered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Huang
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengxu Ye
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Geng
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
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Abstract
Nerve injuries are common in trauma surgery and appear more frequently if the upper extremity is affected. The aim of this study is to estimate possible predictors of the outcome after nerve injury of the upper extremity and to demonstrate feasible tools to follow up postoperative nerve regeneration for the daily clinical practice. During January 2000 until December 2004, a total of 372 nerve lesions of the upper extremity have been treated in our clinic. Patient's age, site of nerve lesion, concomitant injuries, and the timing of surgical repair could be outlined to be significant predictors for clinical outcome. Digital nerve lesions showed the best regenerative capacity. Most predictors of clinical outcome such as patient's age, concomitant injuries, and site of lesion cannot be influenced. But knowing the predictors helps specify the prognosis of nerve regeneration. For the daily clinical practice, static two-point discrimination, location of Tinel's sign, and grip strength measurement seem to be fast and reproducible tools to follow up nerve regeneration at the upper extremity.
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25
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Matsumoto I, Kaneko M, Oda M, Watanabe G. Repair of intra-thoracic autonomic nerves using chitosan tubes☆. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10:498-501. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2009.227744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Haam SJ, Park SY, Paik HC, Lee DY. Sympathetic nerve reconstruction for compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:597-601. [PMID: 20358004 PMCID: PMC2844605 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve in patients with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis, and analyzed the surgical results. From February 2004 to August 2007, sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve was performed in 19 patients. The subjected patients presented severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis. Reconstruction of sympathetic nerve was performed by thoracoscopic surgery except in 1 patient with severe pleural adhesion. The median interval between the initial sympathetic surgery and sympathetic nerve reconstruction was 47.2 (range: 3.5-110.7) months. Compensatory sweating after the reconstruction surgery improved in 9 patients, and 3 out of them had markedly improved symptoms. Sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve may be one of the useful surgical options for severe compensatory hyperhidrosis following sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jin Haam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chae Paik
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Yun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Haastert K, Joswig H, Jäschke KA, Samii M, Grothe C. Nerve Repair by End-to-Side Nerve Coaptation. Neurosurgery 2010; 66:567-76; discussion 576-7. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000365768.78251.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Haastert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Joswig
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Madjid Samii
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Silk from the Bombyx mori silkworm is a protein-based fiber. Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is one of the most important candidates for biomedical porous material based on its superior machinability, biocompatibility, biodegradation, bioresorbability, and so on. In this paper, we have reviewed the key features of SF. Moreover we have focused on the morphous, technical processing, and biocompatibility of SF porous materials, followed by the application research. Finally, we provide a perspective the potential and problems of SF porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingzhong Li
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-512-6706-1150; Fax: +86-512-6724-6786
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Liao WC, Chen JR, Wang YJ, Tseng GF. The efficacy of end-to-end and end-to-side nerve repair (neurorrhaphy) in the rat brachial plexus. J Anat 2009; 215:506-21. [PMID: 19682138 PMCID: PMC2780569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal nerve injury often requires nerve transfer to restore function. Here we evaluated the efficacy of end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy of rat musculocutaneous nerve, the recipient, to ulnar nerve, the donor. The donor was transected for end-to-end, while an epineurial window was exposed for end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Retrograde tracing showed that 70% donor motor and sensory neurons grew into the recipient 3 months following end-to-end neurorrhaphy compared to 40-50% at 6 months following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. In end-to-end neurorrhaphy, regenerating axons appeared as thick fibers which regained diameters comparable to those of controls in 3-4 months. However, end-to-side neurorrhaphy induced slow sprouting fibers of mostly thin collaterals that barely approached control diameters by 6 months. The motor end plates regained their control density at 4 months following end-to-end but remained low 6 months following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. The short-latency compound muscle action potential, typical of that of control, was readily restored following end-to-end neurorrhaphy. End-to-side neurorrhaphy had low amplitude and wide-ranging latency at 4 months and failed to regain control sizes by 6 months. Grooming test recovered successfully at 3 and 6 months following end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy, respectively, suggesting that powerful muscle was not required. In short, both neurorrhaphies resulted in functional recovery but end-to-end neurorrhaphy was quicker and better, albeit at the expense of donor function. End-to-side neurorrhaphy supplemented with factors to overcome the slow collateral sprouting and weak motor recovery may warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Liao
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Rung Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Fang Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
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30
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Basics and Current Approaches to Tissue Engineering in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/wnq.0b013e3181a361c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Sinis N, Boettcher M, Werdin F, Kraus A, Schaller HE. Restoration of shoulder abduction function by direct muscular neurotization with the phrenic nerve fascicles and nerve grafts: A case report. Microsurgery 2009; 29:552-5. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.20651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Beris AE, Lykissas MG. Chapter 13 Experimental Results in End‐To‐Side Neurorrhaphy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 87:269-79. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Grosheva M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Arnhold S, Skouras E, Kuerten S, Streppel M, Angelova SK, Wewetzer K, Radtke C, Dunlop SA, Angelov DN. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation does not improve quality of muscle reinnervation or recovery of motor function after facial nerve transection in rats. Biol Chem 2008; 389:873-88. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, we devised and validated a novel strategy in rats to improve the outcome of facial nerve reconstruction by daily manual stimulation of the target muscles. The treatment resulted in full recovery of facial movements (whisking), which was achieved by reducing the proportion of pathologically polyinnervated motor endplates. Here, we posed whether manual stimulation could also be beneficial after a surgical procedure potentially useful for treatment of large peripheral nerve defects, i.e., entubulation of the transected facial nerve in a conduit filled with suspension of isogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in collagen. Compared to control treatment with collagen only, entubulation with BM-MSCs failed to decrease the extent of collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and did not improve functional recovery. Post-operative manual stimulation of vibrissal muscles also failed to promote a better recovery following entubulation with BM-MSCs. We suggest that BM-MSCs promote excessive trophic support for regenerating axons which, in turn, results in excessive collateral branching at the lesion site and extensive polyinnervation of the motor endplates. Furthermore, such deleterious effects cannot be overridden by manual stimulation. We conclude that entubulation with BM-MSCs is not beneficial for facial nerve repair.
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Yang Y, Ding F, Wu J, Hu W, Liu W, Liu J, Gu X. Development and evaluation of silk fibroin-based nerve grafts used for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5526-35. [PMID: 17884161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF), derived from natural silk long used as a textile material, has recently become an important biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. We have previously reported on good in vitro biocompatibility of SF fibers with peripheral nerve tissues and cells. In the present study, we developed a novel biomimetic design of the SF-based nerve graft (SF graft) which was composed of a SF-nerve guidance conduit (NGC) inserted with oriented SF filaments. The SF-NGC prepared via well-established procedures exhibits an eggshell-like microstructure that is responsible for its superior mechanical and permeable properties beneficial to nerve regeneration. The SF graft was used for bridge implantation across a 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect in rats, and the outcome of peripheral nerve repair at 6 months post-implantation was evaluated by a combination of electrophysiological assessment, FluoroGold retrograde tracing and histological investigation. The examined functional and morphological parameters show that SF grafts could promote peripheral nerve regeneration with effects approaching those elicited by nerve autografts which are generally considered as the gold standard for treating large peripheral nerve defects, thus raising a potential possibility of using these newly developed nerve grafts as a promising alternative to nerve autografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, PR China
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