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Ghahari P, Ghahhary A, Behrad S, Sadat Afraz E. The Efficiency of Erbium Lasers in the Removal of Root Canal System and Surface Biofilms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:267-274. [PMID: 38662505 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown positive effects of erbium lasers in removal of biofilms. A review article was required with quantitative data for confirmation of their effects, but there is still no a comprehensive study reviewing their effects based on the root canal and implant surface. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of erbium lasers in removal of the root canal system and surface biofilms. Methods: Studies were searched with keywords in databases of PubMed, Scopus, Europe PMC, Cochrane Central, Embase, and Web of Science and screened by referees. Data were included based on mean ± standard deviation and size of control and laser groups. Effect sizes were assessed as standardized mean differences and calculated for each study and for the root and dental surface. Laser characteristics and bacteria were considered as moderators. Results: Nineteen articles in the current study comprised 565 samples (283 control samples and 282 laser samples). The analyses showed the significant effects of erbium lasers on bacterial biofilms on the implant surface [-0.496, 95% confidence interval, CI (-0.720 to -0.273); I2 = 26.94; p = 0.029; Q = 13.28] and root canal [-0.551, 95% CI (-0.656 to -0.445); I2 = 23.89; p = 0.031; Q = 10.46]. Results showed that highest efficiency lasers were obtained at higher wavelengths of 2940 nm, 75-100 mJ energy, and 100-150 μsec and <50-Hz pulses. Conclusions: Erbium lasers can be used to remove biofilms on dental implant surfaces and root canal systems and are safe options for untouchable sites in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arezou Ghahhary
- Restorative Dentistry Specialist, Private Office, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Behrad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Afraz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Adnan RO, Jawad HA. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a low-power 650 nm laser to inhibit oral Candida albicans activity: an in vitro study. J Med Life 2024; 17:28-34. [PMID: 38737667 PMCID: PMC11080508 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans). Oral samples were collected from 75 patients diagnosed with oral thrush. C. albicans was isolated and identified using traditional methods and the VITEK 2 YST system. Samples (n = 25) were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control, n = 5) consisted of C. albicans suspensions in saline; Group 2 (n = 5) treated with nystatin; Group 3 (n = 5) exposed to a 650 nm diode laser in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds; Group 4 (n = 5) treated with 650 nm laser and MB as a photosensitizer; Group 5 (n = 5) exposed to the laser in combination with nystatin. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Dunnett's t-test (P = 0.05), and LSD (P = 0.001) revealed significant differences in C. albicans counts pre- and post-treatment. Group 5 showed the most significant reduction in C. albicans, followed by Group 4, while Groups 2 and 3 showed the least variation. The findings suggest that PDT using a 650 nm diode laser with methylene blue (in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds) effectively reduced the prevalence of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Osamah Adnan
- Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussein Ali Jawad
- Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Stănuși AȘ, Popa DL, Ionescu M, Cumpătă CN, Petrescu GS, Ţuculină MJ, Dăguci C, Diaconu OA, Gheorghiță LM, Stănuşi A. Analysis of Temperatures Generated during Conventional Laser Irradiation of Root Canals-A Finite Element Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101757. [PMID: 37238240 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of endodontic treatment is dependent on the removal of bacteria. A modern strategy to reduce bacterial load is laser irradiation. During this procedure, there is a local increase in temperature with possible side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the thermal behavior of a maxillary first molar when performing the conventional irradiation technique using a diode laser. For this study, a 3D virtual model of a maxillary first molar was created. The preparation of the access cavity, the rotary instrumentation of the palatal root canal and the laser irradiation protocol were simulated. The model was exported in a finite element analysis program where the temperature and heat flux were studied. Temperature and heat flux maps were obtained, and the temperature increase on the internal wall of the root canal was analyzed. The maximum temperature value exceeded 400 °C and was maintained for less than 0.5 s. The obtained temperature maps support the bactericidal effect of diode laser and the limitation of damage to surrounding tissues. On internal root walls, the temperature reached several hundred degrees Celsius, but for very short durations. Conventional laser irradiation is an adjuvant method of decontamination of the endodontic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ștefan Stănuși
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Niky Cumpătă
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu of Bucharest, 67A Gheorghe Petrascu Str., 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Jana Ţuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Constantin Dăguci
- Department of Oro-Dental Prevention, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Andreea Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lelia Mihaela Gheorghiță
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreea Stănuşi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Karic V, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. 940 nm diode laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to temporomandibular joint disc cells. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:23. [PMID: 36038860 PMCID: PMC9422155 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to a group of disorders that affect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated muscles with very limited treatment options. Stem cell research is emerging as one of the promising fields in the treatment of degenerative diseases. The ability of human adipose derived stem cells to differentiate into many cell types is driving special interest in several disease management strategies. Photobiomodulation has enhanced the role of these stem cells through their ability to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study examined the differentiation potential of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) into fibroblasts and chondrocytes using a 940 nm diode laser for possible TMD therapy. Materials and methods ADSCs were cultured at different seeding densities and for different time intervals. After irradiation at 24, 48, 72 h, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, ADSC viability and morphological changes were assessed in groups with and without basic fibroblast growth factor. Additionally, the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cells was also recorded. The differentiated fibroblasts and chondrocytes were characterized with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques, at 1- and 2-weeks post-irradiation. Results Increased ATP proliferation and cell viability above 90% were observed in all post-irradiation experimental groups. Post irradiation results from flow cytometry and immunofluorescence at 1- and 2‐weeks confirmed the expression of chondrogenic and fibroblastic cell surface markers. Conclusion This study describes stimulatory techniques utilized to differentiate ADSCs into fibroblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes using diode lasers at 940 nm. The study proposes a new treatment model for patients with degenerative disc diseases of the TMJ. The study will offer new possibilities in tissue engineering and TMJ disc management through photobiomodulation of ADSCs using a 940 nm diode laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Karic
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Laser Therapy in Dentistry Division, Department of Prosthodontic and Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Oral Health Sciences, WITS University, 7 York Street, PO Box 2010, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Al-Maliky MA, Zardawi FM, Meister J, Frentzen M, Al-Karadaghi TS. Transmission of 940 nm diode laser to the radicular area during its application as root canal disinfectant. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:65-71. [PMID: 34843153 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To measure the transmitted laser power in the coronal, middle and apical root thirds during vertical and horizontal irradiation of laser. 14 mm length whole roots and longitudinal root sections were irradiated using a 940 nm diode laser with 0.5 W in continuous mode for 5 s. A power detector was placed in front of the root apex for the vertical transmitted power measurement and placed laterally to root surface for the horizontal transmission experiment. The transmitted power from the root apex vertically was 53% of the irradiated power, while for the horizontal transmission experiment for the coronal, middle and apical root thirds were 25.6%, 40.4% and 41.3%, respectively. Irradiation of root canals with 940 nm laser power can be transmitted during vertical irradiation in more than 50% of the samples, whereas less transmission happens with horizontal irradiation at apical and middle root third than coronal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abbood Al-Maliky
- Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of Dentistry, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Jörg Meister
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Sardar Al-Karadaghi
- Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Antibacterial Effects of Erbium Chromium Laser along with/without Silver Nanoparticles in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6659146. [PMID: 33927764 PMCID: PMC8049813 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6659146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the antibacterial effects of erbium chromium laser at 2780 nm, silver nanoparticles, and erbium chromium along with silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. In the present study, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and standardized to a length of 15 mm. The canals were prepared by V-taper Gold rotary files and then incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into four experimental groups including hypochlorite sodium, silver nanoparticle, erbium chromium laser, and erbium chromium laser along with silver nanoparticle groups. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in colony count for all groups after interventions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the colony count for sodium hypochlorite group in comparison with another groups, and this group showed the highest reduction of colony count. There was a significant difference between silver nanoparticles and erbium chromium laser groups in colony count. According to the results, the silver nanoparticles offered strong antibacterial effects on E. faecalis and therefore can decrease bacterial colonies, while the use of the laser, despite the reduction of the bacterial colony, could not be sufficiently used for disinfection of root canal system.
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Khavari R, Massudi R, Karmostaji A, Soleimani N, Ashkeshi P, Rezaei-Pandari M. Antibacterial Effect of Low-Level Laser (Diode 405 nm) on Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci Clinical Isolates (In Vitro). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ijep.2020.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterococcus is a part of normal gastrointestinal flora in human body. Nevertheless, antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus (ARE) is considered a key factor in nosocomial infections which result in a considerable increase in the rate of patient death due to referring of numerous patients to health centers annually, or lead to extended disease convalescence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect at 405nm diode at a laser power of 30 mW on ARE viability of clinical infections. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 30 isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) in which sensitivity to piperacillin (100 µg), rifampin (5 µg), and oxacillin (1 µg) were measured based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Afterwards, ten most resistant isolates were selected and irradiated by a 405 nm diode laser at a power of 30 mW for 180 and 240 seconds. The data were reported statistically as mean ± standard deviation, and the analysis of the data on varied bacteria was performed using ANOVA. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value ≤0.05 was interpreted to be significant. Results: Bacterial viability decreased unsteadily to 10 resistant isolates. Moreover, enhancing irradiation time caused a lower viability rate in such a way that the viability of isolate 9 having the lowest viability rate was reduced from 2.94% in 180 seconds to 0.58% in 240 seconds. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value was determined to be significant, and P≤0.05 was laser irradiation for either 180 s or 240 s. Conclusion: Following the study results, 405 nm diode laser could be applied as a tool for eliminating clinical ARE, and it was useful for preventing hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Khavari
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Massudi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Ashkeshi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Fahlstedt P, Bunaes DF, Lie SA, Leknes KN. Dental implant surface temperatures following double wavelength (2780/940 nm) laser irradiation in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:512-521. [PMID: 33274852 PMCID: PMC8404505 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the implant surface temperature at titanium dental implants during calibrated irradiation using double wavelength laser. Material and methods A double wavelength laser, 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode, was calibrated and used to irradiate pristine titanium dental implants, OsseoSpeed, TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive, representing different surface modifications. Initial calibration (21 implants; 7 implants/group) intended to identify optimal wavelength/specific output power/energy that not critically increased the temperature or altered the micro‐texture of the implant surface. Subsequent experimental study (30 implants; 10 implants/group) evaluated implant surface temperature changes over 190 s. Irradiation using a computerized robotic setup. Results Based on the initial calibration, the following output powers/energies were employed: Er,Cr:YSGG laser 18.4 mJ/pulse (7.3 J/cm2)–36.2 mJ/pulse (14.4 J/cm2) depending on implant surface; diode laser 3.3 W (1321.0 W/cm2). During double wavelength irradiation, implant surface temperatures dropped over the first 20 s from baseline 37°C to mean temperatures ranging between 25.7 and 26.3°C. Differences in mean temperatures between OsseoSpeed and TiUnite implants were statistically significant (p < 0.001). After the initial 20 s, mean temperatures continued to decrease for all implant surfaces. The decrease was significantly greater for TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive compared with OsseoSpeed implants (p < 0.001). Conclusion Calibrated double wavelength laser irradiation did not critically influence the implant surface temperature. During laser irradiation the temperature decreased rapidly to steady‐state levels, close to the water/air‐spray temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fahlstedt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dagmar F Bunaes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry -Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut N Leknes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry -Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zou Z, Bhandari J, Xiao B, Liang X, Zhang Y, Yan G. Effect of using diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in chronic apical periodontitis. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1059-1066. [PMID: 32965611 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Ninety-six freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were divided into six groups, n = 8 per group. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 as laser group (810 nm PILOT™ Diode Laser, 400 μm fiber diameter, continuous mode, 30 s time) with powers at 1.0 W, 1.5 W, 2.0 W, and 2.5 W respectively. Group 5 or positive control group (3 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation) and group 6 or negative control group (3 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) irrigation). Root canal samples were collected before and after receiving laser irradiation and irrigation solution. Cultivable bacteria were determined by counting the colony (CFU/ml). Evaluation of temperature on the external root surface of teeth was done with K type thermocouple using laser at different powers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the LTA levels and the correlations between E. faecalis count, LTA levels, and rise in temperature were observed using Pearson's correlation test. E. faecalis LTA was subjected to laser irradiation and its structural damage was examined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compared with the control groups, all laser groups showed a decreased colony counts and decreased LTA levels with statistically significant difference (p ˂ 0.05). The bactericidal effect and LTA reduction of laser was better at 2.5 W power. Laser at 2.5 W power had temperature rise of more than 7 °C which is beyond the safe thermal threshold level. No statistically significant correlation was found between E. faecalis count, levels of LTA, and rise in external root surface temperature (p ˃ 0.05). TLC results showed a structural damage in the glycolipid moiety of E. faecalis LTA. Diode laser can effectively reduce the E. faecalis count and its LTA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Junu Bhandari
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Baiyan Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liang
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guohui Yan
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Xiao B, Zou Z, Bhandari J, Zhang Y, Yan G. Exposure to diode laser (810nm) affects the bacterial adherence and biofilm formation in a E. faecalis biofilm model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nasher R, Hilgers RD, Gutknecht N. Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals Using the Dual Wavelength Er,Cr:YSGG/Diode 940 nm Laser and the XP-Endoshaper and Finisher Technique. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:174-180. [PMID: 31968180 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To validate the capability of the dual wavelength laser (Er,Cr:YSGG and diode 940 nm) and the XP-Endoshaper and finisher in removing the smear layer from curved canals. Methods: Forty curved root canals were prepared using the R25 file of the Reciproc® system. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: G1: negative control irrigated with distilled water, G2: positive control irrigated with EDTA 17% and a final rinse of NaOCl 3%, G3: XP-Endoshaper and finisher with EDTA 17%, G4: dual wavelength Er,Cr:YSGG (1.25 W, 50 Hz, 50 μs) and diode 940 nm (2 W, 50% DC), and G5: dual wavelength Er,Cr:YSGG (2 W, 20 Hz, 50 μs) and diode 940 nm (2 W, 50% DC). Laser scanning microscope images (1000 × ) were scored with the Hülsmann scoring system. Results: Superior smear layer removal was observed in G5 in comparison with G4, especially in the apical third of the canal. Furthermore, the XP-Endoshaper and finisher exhibited positive results in all parts of the canal. Conclusions: The higher power output of the Er,Cr:YSGG in the dual wavelength laser may be a suitable approach to remove the smear layer from the apical third of curved canals. Moreover, the XP-Endoshaper and finisher with EDTA could expose the dentinal tubules, however, the negative side effects of applying EDTA 17% for longer periods must be taken into consideration. This work is clinically significant as it addresses the main aim of endodontic treatment and provides a suitable method to remove the debris, smear layer, and bacterial remnants from the clinically challenging curved root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riman Nasher
- Department of Conservative, Periodontal and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Conservative, Periodontal and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Shehab N, Al-Sabawi N, Taqa A. Evaluation the effect of different laser powers on the Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals: An in vivo study. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_182_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Tokuc M, Ozalp S, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. Bactericidal Effect of 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Combined with 940 nm Diode Laser in Enterococcus faecalis Elimination: A Comparative Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:489-494. [PMID: 31140907 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to compare the bactericidal efficacy of different Er,Cr:YSGG disinfection methods, particularly combined application of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode laser. Background: Root canal disinfection is important for long-term endodontic success. Different laser systems are proposed as alternatives to conventional techniques in bacterial elimination. Materials and methods: Ninety-five straight, single-rooted premolars with similar canal dimensions were selected. After the mechanical preparation, the samples were sterilized, and root canals were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. The samples were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15): 5% NaOCl, Er,Cr:YSGG, Er,Cr:YSGG +5% NaOCl, Er,Cr:YSGG + Diode, and control group. Results: The maximal bacterial elimination was observed in Er,Cr:YSGG + NaOCl group (p < 0.005). More bacteria were found in Er,Cr:YSGG and Er,Cr:YSGG + Diode groups compared with 5% NaOCl group (p < 0.005). Marginal significance was detected between the Er,Cr:YSGG group and the Er,Cr:YSGG + Diode group (p = 0.091). Conclusions: The most successful E. faecalis elimination was obtained from laser-activated irrigation group. As combined application of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode laser gives suggestive results, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Tokuc
- 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serife Ozalp
- 2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Effect of different diode laser wavelengths on root dentin decontamination infected with Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 176:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schulte-Lünzum R, Gutknecht N, Conrads G, Franzen R. The Impact of a 940 nm Diode Laser with Radial Firing Tip and Bare End Fiber Tip onEnterococcus faecalisin the Root Canal Wall Dentin of Bovine Teeth: AnIn VitroStudy. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:357-363. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schulte-Lünzum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Franzen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Frough-Reyhani M, Ghasemi N, Soroush-Barhaghi M, Amini M, Gholizadeh Y. Antimicrobial efficacy of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis at different stages of development. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e480-e484. [PMID: 27957257 PMCID: PMC5149078 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent infection of the root canal due to the presence of resistance bacterial species, such as Enterococcus faecalis, has always been one of the most important reasons for endodontic treatment failure. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of 1%, 2.5 % and 5% sodium hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis biofilms at different stages of development. Material and Methods In this study 4-, 6- and 10-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were subjected to one of the following approaches: phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) or 1%, 2.5% and 5% NaOCl. Dentin chip suspensions were used for colony forming unit (CFU) counting to estimate remaining E. faecalis counts. Statistical comparison of the means was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis test, and pair-wise comparisons were made by Mann-Whitney U test, at a significance level of P<0.05. Results The results showed that 2.5% and 5% NaOCl completely eliminated E. faecalis biofilms in three stages of biofilm development, whereas 1% NaOCl resulted in 85.73%, 81.88% and 78.62% decreases in bacterial counts in 4-, 6- and 10-week-old biofilms, respectively, which was significantly more than those with PBS (p<0.05). Conclusions The bacteria in mature and old biofilms were more resistant to 1% NaOCl than were the bacteria in young biofilms. Overall survival rate and residual bacteria increased with biofilm aging. Key words:Antibacterial, biofilm, E. faecalis, sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Amini
- Endodontist at private practice, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Minimally Invasive Treatment of Infrabony Periodontal Defects Using Dual-Wavelength Laser Therapy. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2016; 2016:7175919. [PMID: 27366790 PMCID: PMC4912985 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7175919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Surgical management of infrabony defects is an invasive procedure, frequently requiring the use of adjunctive material such as grafts or biologics, which is time-consuming and associated with expense and morbidity to the patient. Lasers in periodontal regeneration have been reported in the literature, with each wavelength having potential benefits through different laser-tissue interactions. The purpose of this case series was to assess the efficacy of a new dual-wavelength protocol in the management of infrabony defects. Materials and Methods. 32 defects (one in each patient) were treated using ultrasonic debridement, followed by flapless application of Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser (wavelength 2780 nm), and final application of diode laser (wavelength 940 nm). Pocket depths (PD) were measured after 6 months and repeat radiographs taken after one year. Results. The mean baseline PD was 8.8 mm (range 6–15 mm) and 6 months later was 2.4 mm (range 2–4 mm), with mean PD reduction being 6.4 ± 1.7 mm (range 3–12 mm). There was a significant gain in relative linear bone height (apical extent of bone), with mean percentage bone fill of 39.7 ± 41.2% and 53% of sites showing at least 40% infill of bone. Conclusion. The results compare favourably with traditional surgery and require further validation through randomised clinical controlled trials.
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