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Bugyna L, Bilská K, Boháč P, Pribus M, Bujdák J, Bujdáková H. Anti-Biofilm Effect of Hybrid Nanocomposite Functionalized with Erythrosine B on Staphylococcus aureus Due to Photodynamic Inactivation. Molecules 2024; 29:3917. [PMID: 39202995 PMCID: PMC11357139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistant biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus on medical devices pose a constant medical threat. A promising alternative to tackle this problem is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This study focuses on a polyurethane (PU) material with an antimicrobial surface consisting of a composite based on silicate, polycation, and erythrosine B (EryB). The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy methods. Anti-biofilm effectiveness was determined after PDI by calculation of CFU mL-1. The liquid PU precursors penetrated a thin silicate film resulting in effective binding of the PU/silicate composite and the PU bulk phases. The incorporation of EryB into the composite matrix did not significantly alter the spectral properties or photoactivity of the dye. A green LED lamp and laser were used for PDI, while irradiation was performed for different periods. Preliminary experiments with EryB solutions on planktonic cells and biofilms optimized the conditions for PDI on the nanocomposite materials. Significant eradication of S. aureus biofilm on the composite surface was achieved by irradiation with an LED lamp and laser for 1.5 h and 10 min, respectively, resulting in a 10,000-fold reduction in biofilm growth. These results demonstrate potential for the development of antimicrobial polymer surfaces for modification of medical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Bugyna
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarína Bilská
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Peter Boháč
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (M.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marek Pribus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (M.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Juraj Bujdák
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (M.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.B.); (K.B.)
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Paschoal MAB, Gonçalves LM, Cavalcante SIA, Andrade-Maia G, Duarte S. Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:888-895. [PMID: 38129976 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a modality that aims to induce microorganisms through visible light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. This therapy has shown promising results in controlling cariogenic biofilm in vitro and in vivo counterparts. This study investigated bacterial viability and morphological characterization of Streptococcus mutans mature biofilms after combination of erythrosine and a high potency dental curing light. Biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks in batch culture. The samples were performed in triplicates. Fresh medium was replaced daily for five days and treated using 40 μM of E activated by HL 288 J/cm2 and total dose of 226 J at 1200 mW/cm2. Phosphate buffer saline and 0.12% of chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After treatment, biofilms were assessed for microbial viability and morphological characterization by means of bio-volume and thickness. COMSTAT software was used for image analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test with significance level 5%. The application of a-PDT and CHX treatments decreased S. mutans bacterial viability. The image analysis showed more red cells on biofilms when compared to other groups, demonstrating photobacterial killing. Erythrosine irradiated with a high potency curing light can potentially act as an antimicrobial tool in the treatment of cariogenic biofilms. The morphology and viability of microorganisms were impacted after treatment. Treatment with photodynamic therapy may be able to reduce the bio-volume and viability of bacteria present in biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of the a-PDT technique has been applied in dentistry with satisfactory results. Some applications of this technique are in stomatology and endodontics. In the present study, we sought to understand the use of photodynamic therapy in the control of biofilm and the results found are compatible with the objective of microbiological control proposed by this technique, thus raising the alert for future studies in vivo using the combination of a-PDT with erythrosine, since they are easily accessible materials for the dental surgeon and can be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriele Andrade-Maia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Senior Director, Applied Research Department, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ahrari F, Nazifi M, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Menbari S, Fekrazad R, Babaei K, Banihashemrad A. Photoinactivation Effects of Curcumin, Nano-curcumin, and Erythrosine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Streptococcus mutans. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e7. [PMID: 38655044 PMCID: PMC11033858 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 μmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L was not significant (P>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Babaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Banihashemrad
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ahrari F, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Fekrazad R, Menbari S, Nazifi M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Lactobacillus casei using curcumin, nano-curcumin, or erythrosine and a dental LED curing device. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:260. [PMID: 37946038 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the photodynamic effects of curcumin, nanomicelle curcumin, and erythrosine on Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 µM/L, 250 µM/L) were tested either alone or combined with light irradiation (PDT effect) against L. casei in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The light was emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm. A 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution served as the positive control, and a solution containing neither photosensitizer nor light was the negative control group. The number of viable microorganisms was determined using serial dilution. There was a significant difference in the viability of L. casei in both planktonic and biofilm forms (P < 0.05). In the planktonic culture, the antibacterial effects of CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L and erythrosine 250 µM/L were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05). For L. casei biofilms, the greatest toxic effects were observed in CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L, erythrosine 250 µmol/L, erythrosine 100 µmol/L, and nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L, with a significant difference to other groups (P < 0.05). The antibacterial effects of all photosensitizers (except erythrosine 250 µmol/L at planktonic culture) enhanced significantly when combined with light irradiation (P < 0.05). PDT with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 µmol/L produced comparable results to CHX against L. casei at both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Alternatively, PDT with erythrosine 100 µmol/L or nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L could be suggested to kill L. casei biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gonçalves MLL, Sobral APT, Gallo JMAS, Gimenez T, Ferri EP, Ianello S, Motta PDB, Motta LJ, Horliana ACRT, Santos EM, Bussadori SK. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with erythrosine and blue light on dental biofilm bacteria: study protocol for randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075084. [PMID: 37730405 PMCID: PMC10510942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective is to investigate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by erythrosine and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) in the reduction of bacteria in dental biofilm. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This clinical trial will be conducted with 30 patients who have biofilm, but without the presence of periodontal pockets, and who are being treated at the Dental Clinic of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. A split-mouth model will be used (n=30), with group 1 control (conventional treatment) and group 2 (conventional treatment and aPDT). The bicarbonate jet will be used to remove dental biofilm in both groups. The treatment will be carried out in one session. aPDT will be performed before cleaning/prophylaxis, only in group 2. Participants will rinse with the photosensitiser erythrosine (diluted to 1 mM) for 1 min of pre-irradiation time, so that the drug can stain all the bacterial biofilm. Then, the D-2000 LED (DMC) will be applied, emitting at a wavelength of ʎ=470 nm, radiant power of 1000 mW, irradiance of 0.532 W/cm2 and radiant exposure of 63.8 J/cm2. Irradiation will be performed until the biofilm of the cervical region is illuminated for 2 min/point (4 cm2). The microbiological examination will be performed from samples of supragingival biofilm collected from the gingival sulcus. Collection will be performed in each experimental site before irradiation, immediately after the irradiation procedure and after the prophylaxis. Colony-forming units will be counted and the data will be submitted for statistical analysis for comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment results and between groups (conventional X aPDT). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos under process number 66984123.0.0000.5509. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05805761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti Gallo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Veterinary Medicine in the Coastal Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Gimenez
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Padilha Ferri
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Ianello
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhu S, Ukwatta RH, Cai X, Zheng Y, Xue F, Li C, Wang L. The physiochemical and photodynamic inactivation properties of corn starch/erythrosine B composite film and its application on pork preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:112-122. [PMID: 36513176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of erythrosine B (EB) as a photosensitizer in corn starch (CS) film and its physicochemical properties and photodynamic bacteriostatic ability against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella both in vitro and inoculated on pork under the irradiation of D65 light-emitting diode (LED) (400-800 nm). The study revealed that the physiochemical properties of CS films: moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor transmission were improved with the addition of EB. In addition, the elasticity and the thermal stability of the film were enhanced. The results showed that the CS-EB films stimulated a maximum of 26.36 μg/mL hydrogen peroxide and 74.5 μg/g hydroxyl radical under irradiation. The CS composite films with a 5 % concentration of EB inhibited the bacterial growth by 4.7 Log CFU/mL in vitro after 30 min of illumination, and 2.4 Log CFU/mL on the pork samples under the same experimental condition. Moreover, the antibacterial ability was enhanced with the increase in EB concentration. Overall, the CS-EB composite films can inhibit the growth of bacteria through photodynamic inactivation and has the potential to become a new type of environmentally friendly packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | | | - Xingru Cai
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yalu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Nunes IAM, Novais TMG, Garcia PP, Silva WS, Tavarez RRDJ, Rizzi CDC, Carvalho CN, Filho EMM. Antimicrobial action of ozonated water and photodynamic therapy with sonic activation in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e486-e491. [PMID: 35765359 PMCID: PMC9233916 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New protocols are constantly being tested in the search for complete disinfection of root canals without the undesirable effects of sodium hypochlorite. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of ozonated water and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with sonic activation in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Material and Methods Seventy single-rooted canals of human teeth were prepared and contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The teeth were divided into six experimental groups (n=10): ozonized water without (O + S-) and with sonic activation (O + S +); PDT without (PDT + S-) and with sonic activation (PDT + S +); PDT + ozonized water without (PDT + O + S-) and with sonic activation (PDT + O + S +); and two control groups, one positive (n = 5) and one negative (n = 5). Microbial collections were performed before and shortly after treatment, counted in the log of colony-forming units and tested for significant difference between these counts, if any (Student's t-test). The ANOVA two-way test was applied to evaluate whether the Treatment factor (Ozone, PDT and Ozone + PDT) and the Sonic factor (With and without sonic activation) had any effect on microbial reduction. Results In all protocols, there was a significant microbial reduction (p=0.025), whereas in the groups in which sonic activation was used, the microbial reduction was significantly greater (p=0.001). Conclusions The treatments significantly reduced the number of microorganisms in the root canals. Sonic activation helped to increase the microbial reduction in infected root canals. Key words:Endodontics, ozone, photodynamic therapy, enterococcus faecalis.
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Liu Y, Dong W, Shen S, Meng F, Wang J, Yang K, Lin D. Enhancement of E. coli inactivation by photosensitized erythrosine-based solar disinfection under weakly acidic conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118125. [PMID: 35123381 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective disinfection technology is urgently needed in poor rural areas. Erythrosine (ERY)-based solar disinfection (SODIS) provides a promising solution because of its effective inactivation of viruses and gram-positive bacteria at low cost. However, the poor gram-negative bacteria (G-, e.g., Escherichia coli) inactivation of photosensitized ERY inhibits its application. Herein, for the first time, the protonation of ERY was found to greatly enhance its G- inactivation, and 99.99999% (7.0 log) of E. coli were completely inactivated within only 30 s using 2.5 mg/L ERY under 200 mW/cm2 visible light irradiation. The inactivation rate constant (k) reached 17.5 min-1 at pH 4.0, which was 4730 times higher than that at pH 7.0. At a lower pH, more severe cell wall and genomic DNA damage was observed. A linear correlation between k and monoanionic ERY (HE-) content was obtained, indicating that HE- rather than dianionic ERY (E2-) participated in the inactivation at pH 5.0-7.0, which was further explained by the higher production of reactive oxygen species and bacterial adsorption of HE- than E2-. Both 1O2 and O2-• dominated bacterial inactivation, contributing 56.8% and 43.2%, respectively. O2-• but not 1O2 caused ERY photobleaching. OH• was not involved in either inactivation or photobleaching. Humic acid and salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, and MgCl2) slightly inhibited inactivation, while NaHCO3 accelerated inactivation. Complete inactivation (99.9999%) of E. coli was achieved within ∼30 min at pH 5.0 in ERY-based SODIS with good adaptation to various water matrices and weather (sunny or partly cloudy). This work will help to promote the application of ERY-based disinfection especially for SODIS in poor rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuyi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanxu Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China.
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Fernandes FGL, de Moraes FB, De Cezare JA, Degasperi GR, Fontana CE, Grandizoli DRP, Pinheiro SL. In vitro evaluation of EDTA combined with photodynamic therapy to reduce Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102718. [PMID: 35021107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the use of EDTA combined with photodynamic therapy to reduce Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin. METHODS Sixty third molars were sectioned to obtain flat dentin surfaces. All specimens were waterproofed, except for the coronal dentin, and subjected to cariogenic challenge in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, and standard strain of S. mutans (ATCC 25175). The specimens were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 each): (1) control - caries collection; (2) EDTA - 17% EDTA was actively applied with a microbrush for 1 min; (3) aPDT - antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with 0.01% methylene blue photosensitizer (wavelength of 660 nm, energy of 4 J, power of 100 mW, spot size of 0.028 cm2, energy density of 142 J/cm2 for 40 s); (4) EDTA+aPDT - 17% EDTA actively applied for 1 min plus aPDT; (5) (EDTA+PT) + L - application of EDTA compounded with photosensitizer plus laser irradiation; and (6) PT - photosensitizer alone. Collection of caries was performed after the different cavity disinfection protocols. Aliquots from each dilution were seeded for colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. The results were log10-transformed and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (Student-Newman-Keuls). RESULTS There was a significant reduction in S. mutans after aPDT (p<0.05), EDTA+aPDT (p<0.001), and (EDTA+PT) + L (p<0.001). The percentage of microbial reduction in ascending order was as follows: EDTA: 1.65%; PT: 15.51%; aPDT: 38.28%; EDTA+aPDT: 75.24%; and (EDTA+PT) + L: 97.35%. CONCLUSION Application of 17% EDTA prior to photosensitization or compounded with a photosensitizer increased the antimicrobial effect of aPDT on S. mutans in carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Geovana Lopes Fernandes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele Bartolomeu de Moraes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ando De Cezare
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Manso AP, Leite ML, Comeau P, Dietrich C, Ghaffari S, Lange D, Branda N. Exploring the use of a Ruthenium complex incorporated into a methacrylate-based dental material for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221112989. [PMID: 35856607 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a blue light photosensitizer (PS), Ruthenium II complex (Ru), on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of experimental dental resin blends. METHODS The experimental resin (BisEMA, TEEGDMA, HPMA, ethanol, and photoinitiator) was loaded with Ru at 0.00%, 0.07%, 0.14%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% w/w. Samples were evaluated for the degree of conversion (DC) after 30 and 60 s curing-time (n = 6). Selected formulations (0.00%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%) were further tested for shear bond strength (SBS) (n = 15); flexural strength (FS) (n = 12); and antimicrobial properties (CFUs), in dark and light conditions. These latter tests were performed on specimens stored for 24-h or 2-month in 37°C water. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) tests were also performed (n = 12). Data were analyzed either by a one- or two-factor general linear model (α = 0.05). RESULTS Overall, Ru concentration above 1.2% resulted in reduced DC. In SBS results, only the 1.12%Ru resin blend samples had statistically lower values compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend at 24-h storage (p = 0.004). In addition, no differences in SBS were detected among the experimental groups after 2-month storage in water. Meanwhile, FS increased for all experimental groups under similar aging conditions (p < 0.001). Antimicrobial properties were improved upon inclusion of Ru and application of light (p < 0.001 for both) at 24-h and 2-month storage. Lastly, no detectable changes in WS or SL were observed for the Ru-added resins compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend. However, the 0.28% Ru blend presented significantly higher WS compared to the 0.56% Ru blend (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Stable SBS, improved FS, and sustained antimicrobial properties after aging gives significant credence to our approach of adding the Ruthenium II complex into dental adhesive resin blends intended for an aPDT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Comeau
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claudia Dietrich
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sahand Ghaffari
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neil Branda
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Gonçalves MLL, Santos EM, Renno ACM, Horliana ACRT, Cruz MDA, Parisi JR, Prates RA, Leal-Rossi A, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Bussadori SK. Erythrosine as a photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with blue light-emitting diodes - An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102445. [PMID: 34284146 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to test the absorbance of a new composition of erythrosine, its pH, cell viability and potential as a photo sensitizer against Candida albicans when irratiaded with blue light emitting-diode (LED). METHODS For pH and absorbance tests, erythrosine was prepared at a concentration of 0.03/ml. The cells of the L929 strain were cultured and the alamarBlue® assay was performed on samples to assess cell viability. For the microbiological essay, the strain of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 was selected. Yeast suspensions were divided into the following groups: control without irradiation or photosensitizer (C), irradiated group without photosensitizer (L), photosensitizer group without irradiation (0), and groups that received photosensitizer and irradiation, called aPDT groups. RESULTS Erythrosine had no significant changes in pH and its absorbance was also consistent (≅400 nm). When it came to cell viability, on the first day, the group that was in contact with the dye and irradiated with the LED in minimun power was found to have the higher cell proliferation. On day 3, both irradiated groups (maximum and minimum) showed the highest cell proliferation. In the microbiological essay with C. albicans, aPDT groups started to show microbial reduction after 60 and 90 s of irradiation and when irradiated for 120 s, 6 microbial reduction logs were found. CONCLUSIONS The erythrosine in question is a PS, with pH stability, blue light absorbance, cell viability and efficacy against C. albicans. More studies with this PS should be encouraged in order to verify its performance in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Muniz Renno
- Postgraduation Program in Bioproducts and Bioprocesses and Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus de Almeida Cruz
- Postgraduation Program in Bioproducts and Bioprocesses and Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julia Risso Parisi
- Physiotherapy, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Leal-Rossi
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Photodynamic optimization by combination of xanthene dyes on different forms of Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102191. [PMID: 33497812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The photokilling rate in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is highly related to interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced, ability of photosensitizers (PS) in incorporating into microorgansims and light devices/microorganism type. Since xanthene dyes (Rose Bengal and Erythrosine) are present in the dental practice as PS, have high quantum yield of singlet oxygen and are efficiently incorporated into bacterial cells, the additive bactericidal ability of a combination of xanthene dyes was tested on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Streptococcus mutans when irradiated by a hand-held LED photopolymerizer unit. METHODS Planktonic cultures of S. mutans (UA 159 ATCC 700610) were grown in BHI broth with 1 % sucrose. This culture was exposed to a concentrations of Rose Bengal (RB) and Erythrosine (ER) at 1.5, 3.5 μM, in combination (RB + ER + L+) / alone (RB + L+/ ER + L+) and irradiated with a blue LED high light intensity (L). Accordingly, concentrations of dyes and time irradiation were increased in 10 times and applied on 120 h - biofilms of S. mutans and compared with a 0.12 % Chlorhexidine solution (0.12 % - CHX). For statistical analysis, parametrical procedures were applied (n = 6; ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test; α = 0.05) and data transformed into log 10. RESULTS Substantial antimicrobial reduction was verified in planktonic cultures (∼ 7 log reduction) and biofilm (∼ 1 log reduction) for combined a-PDT group (RB + ER + L+) presenting a significant statistical difference to control group (p < 0.05) with similar effect to CHX group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Different forms of S. mutans can be effectively controlled by photodynamic therapy and optimized when in combination of xanthene dyes.
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de Oliveira AB, Ferrisse TM, Marques RS, de Annunzio SR, Brighenti FL, Fontana CR. Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Microorganisms Responsible for Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143585. [PMID: 31340425 PMCID: PMC6678311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis about the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the microorganisms responsible for dental caries. The research question and the keywords were constructed according to the PICO strategy. The article search was done in Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. Randomized clinical trials and in vitro studies were selected in the review. The study was conducted according the PRISMA guideline for systematic review. A total of 34 articles were included in the qualitative analysis and four articles were divided into two subgroups to perform the meta-analysis. Few studies have achieved an effective microbial reduction in microorganisms associated with the pathogenesis of dental caries. The results highlight that there is no consensus about the study protocols for PDT against cariogenic microorganisms, although the results showed the PDT could be a good alternative for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analú Barros de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Raquel Souza Marques
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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Reis ACM, Regis WFM, Rodrigues LKA. Scientific evidence in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An alternative approach for reducing cariogenic bacteria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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