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Robinson R, Liday C, Lee S, Williams IC, Wright M, An S, Nguyen E. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care-Understanding Patient Information Needs and Designing Comprehensible Transparency: Qualitative Study. JMIR AI 2023; 2:e46487. [PMID: 38333424 PMCID: PMC10851077 DOI: 10.2196/46487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is as a branch of computer science that uses advanced computational methods such as machine learning (ML), to calculate and/or predict health outcomes and address patient and provider health needs. While these technologies show great promise for improving healthcare, especially in diabetes management, there are usability and safety concerns for both patients and providers about the use of AI/ML in healthcare management. Objectives To support and ensure safe use of AI/ML technologies in healthcare, the team worked to better understand: 1) patient information and training needs, 2) the factors that influence patients' perceived value and trust in AI/ML healthcare applications; and 3) on how best to support safe and appropriate use of AI/ML enabled devices and applications among people living with diabetes. Methods To understand general patient perspectives and information needs related to the use of AI/ML in healthcare, we conducted a series of focus groups (n=9) and interviews (n=3) with patients (n=40) and interviews with providers (n=6) in Alaska, Idaho, and Virginia. Grounded Theory guided data gathering, synthesis, and analysis. Thematic content and constant comparison analysis were used to identify relevant themes and sub-themes. Inductive approaches were used to link data to key concepts including preferred patient-provider-interactions, patient perceptions of trust, accuracy, value, assurances, and information transparency. Results Key summary themes and recommendations focused on: 1) patient preferences for AI/ML enabled device and/or application information; 2) patient and provider AI/ML-related device and/or application training needs; 3) factors contributing to patient and provider trust in AI/ML enabled devices and/or application; and 4) AI/ML-related device and/or application functionality and safety considerations. A number of participant (patients and providers) recommendations to improve device functionality to guide information and labeling mandates (e.g., links to online video resources, and access to 24/7 live in-person or virtual emergency support). Other patient recommendations include: 1) access to practice devices; 2) connection to local supports and reputable community resources; 3) simplified display and alert limits. Conclusion Recommendations from both patients and providers could be used by Federal Oversight Agencies to improve utilization of AI/ML monitoring of technology use in diabetes, improving device safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Robinson
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, AK, US
| | - Cara Liday
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, US
| | - Sarah Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, US
| | - Ishan C Williams
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US
| | - Melanie Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, US
| | - Sungjoon An
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, US
| | - Elaine Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, US
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Tase A, Vadhwana B, Buckle P, Hanna GB. Usability challenges in the use of medical devices in the home environment: A systematic review of literature. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 103:103769. [PMID: 35430424 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home care medical devices are the fastest-growing segment of the medical device industry with associated safety and usability challenges. Human factor studies in the home environment present many difficulties resulting in limited knowledge of device use in this setting. This systematic review aims to identify usability challenges reported directly by end-users in the home environment. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted concentrating on studies involving end user reporting. Reported challenges were grouped into a) device-user, b) device use environment and c) device-user interface challenges. RESULTS 3471 studies were screened and 202 underwent full-text review. Only twelve studies had direct involvement of end users. Multiple challenges were identified, with device-user interface problems being the most common. No effective, standardised method was found to collect patient/user feedback on usability challenges in the post-market stage, leading to a knowledge gap. CONCLUSIONS This study brought together multiple usability challenges reported by individual studies. Involvement of medical device end-users in usability studies is essential and their experiences must be effectively utilised in device design.
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Yue L, Jia C, Hu B, Zhang Z, Bai M, Wang S, Yao N. Caregiving stress among family caregivers of older adults living with disabilities in China. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:226-231. [PMID: 35987148 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe caregiving stress among family caregivers of Chinese older adults living with disabilities, and explore how care intensity, financial expenses, and care difficulties are associated with caregiving stress. METHODS Data of 220 older adult-caregiver dyads were collected from 6 urban districts and 6 rural counties from Shandong province, China. Descriptive analyses and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Family caregivers providing nine or more hours of care per day reported higher caregiving stress than those who provided fewer than nine hours. Caregivers who experienced insufficient care abilities, economic hardships, or time conflicts were more likely to report caregiving stress. Financial support provided to older adults was not associated with caregiving stress. CONCLUSIONS Family caregivers of Chinese older adults with disabilities are experiencing excessive caregiving stress. Social support groups and China's long-term care insurance system should be promoted to better assist family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yue
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Congxi Jia
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, WC2A 2AE, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Zhong Shan Hospital Xia Men University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Meng Bai
- Center for Disease Control, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North Section I, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States.
| | - Nengliang Yao
- Home-Centered Care Institute, Schaumburg, IL 60173, United States; School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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Dessureault M, Dallaire C. Recevoir un soutien aux capacités d’autosoins lors de la transition posthospitalisation en résidence pour aînés en perte d’autonomie : un besoin non comblé. Rech Soins Infirm 2022; 146:19-34. [PMID: 35724020 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.146.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elderly people who receive appropriate transitional care after hospitalization experience fewer complications. CONTEXT However, in Quebec, transitional care for the elderly is limited to case management and targets elderly people who are in need of resources. This often excludes those who remain in homes for the elderly. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the unmet needs of elderly people during the posthospitalization transition to intermediate care facilities in Quebec, as well as the strategies they use on a daily basis to cope with these needs. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted as part of an intervention research process. Eleven elderly participants and health professionals were recruited (n=11). RESULTS The results presented suggest a need to support patients' capacity for self-care, unmet during the post-hospitalization transition to intermediate care facilities. DISCUSSION Supporting the self-care abilities of elderly people can help ensure their safety when living in homes for the elderly. CONCLUSION Supporting the capacity for self-care is an important component of transitional care after hospitalization, including for elderly people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Dessureault
- Infirmière, Ph.D, professeure adjointe, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Clémence Dallaire
- Infirmière, Ph.D, professeure titulaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Construction of a Physical and Medical Care Integrated Model for the Elderly in the Community Based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:3678577. [PMID: 35251565 PMCID: PMC8896920 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3678577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious population aging, economic system transformation, and social transformation, the elderly have an increasingly strong demand for the elderly care service industry, but the development of China’s elderly care service industry started late, and there are still many problems. For how to build a better elderly care service model, under the current situation of shortage of elderly care resources, community elderly care may become a solution. By analyzing the status quo, existing problems and development trends of home-based care services in Hangzhou’s community, and learning from foreign experience, it explores the establishment of a “integrated physical, medical, and nursing care” community health management model for the elderly and provides a perfect solution for the development of Hangzhou’s community elderly care services countermeasures and suggestions for mode operation. Based on the evaluation, problem analysis, and empirical research on the current situation of home care services in Hangzhou communities, this paper draws on relatively mature community care practices, proposes to build a community elderly health management model that combines medical care and care, and improves and innovates the overall design and medical care of the elderly service model measures for the health management of the elderly in the integrated community. The experimental results of this study show that, according to the demand for elderly care services, elderly people in need of care account for 86.6%, 79.5%, and 68.4% of the elderly population, especially in the areas of medical care, life care, and housekeeping services.
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Lamaj G, Pablo-Trinidad A, Butterworth I, Bell N, Benasutti R, Bourquard A, Sanchez-Ferro A, Castro-Gonzalez C, Jiménez-Ubieto A, Baumann T, Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Pottier E, Shelton A, Martinez-Lopez J, Sloan JM. Usability evaluation of a non-invasive neutropenia screening device (PointCheck™) for cancer chemotherapy patients: Observational Study (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37368. [PMID: 35943786 PMCID: PMC9621111 DOI: 10.2196/37368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cancer undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy face an elevated risk of developing serious infection as a consequence of their treatment, which lowers their white blood cell count and, more specifically, their absolute neutrophil count. This condition is known as neutropenia. Neutropenia accompanied by a fever is referred to as febrile neutropenia, a common side effect of chemotherapy with a high mortality rate. The timely detection of severe neutropenia (<500 absolute neutrophil count/μL) is critical in detecting and managing febrile neutropenia. Current methods rely on blood draws, which limit them to clinical settings and do not allow frequent or portable monitoring. In this study, we demonstrated the usability of PointCheck, a noninvasive device for neutropenia screening, in a simulated home environment without clinical supervision. PointCheck automatically performs microscopy through the skin of the finger to image the blood flowing through superficial microcapillaries and enables the remote monitoring of neutropenia status, without requiring venipuncture. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the usability of PointCheck, a noninvasive optical technology for screening severe neutropenia, with the goal of identifying potential user interface, functionality, and design issues from the perspective of untrained users. Methods We conducted a multicenter study using quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate the usability of PointCheck across 154 untrained participants.
We used a mixed method approach to gather usability data through user testing observations, a short-answer qualitative questionnaire, and a standardized quantitative System Usability Scale (SUS) survey to assess perceived usability and satisfaction. Results Of the 154 participants, we found that 108 (70.1%) scored above 80.8 on the SUS across all sites, with a mean SUS score of 86.1 across all sites. Furthermore, the SUS results indicated that, out of the 151 users who completed the SUS survey, 145 (96%) found that they learned how to use PointCheck very quickly, and 141 (93.4%) felt very confident when using the device. Conclusions We have shown that PointCheck, a novel technology for noninvasive, home-based neutropenia detection, can be safely and effectively operated by first-time users. In a simulated home environment, these users found it easy to use, with a mean SUS score of 86.1, indicating an excellent perception of usability and placing this device within the top tenth percentile of systems evaluated for usability by the SUS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04448314; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04448314 (Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre registration) and NCT04448301; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04448301 (Boston Medical Center registration)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nolan Bell
- Leuko Labs, Inc, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Jiménez-Ubieto
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth Pottier
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Shelton
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - John Mark Sloan
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Werner NE, Ponnala S, Doutcheva N, Holden RJ. Human factors/ergonomics work system analysis of patient work: state of the science and future directions. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 33:60-71. [PMID: 33432984 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the use and value of the Human Factors/Ergonomics-based Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) family of work system models for studying and improving patient work. DATA SOURCES We conducted a review of the published empirical literature applying the SEIPS family of work system models for patient work. STUDY SELECTION Included studies had to apply one of the SEIPS family of work system models to study patient work; be published in a peer-reviewed journal in English and include analysis of data. We identified 16 articles that met our inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION For each study, we extracted settings and situations in which models were applied; research design; study methods; model(s) used; type and number of study participants; study objective(s); whether the study included an intervention; specific aspects of the model used; knowledge generated about patient work and benefits of using the models. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Our analysis revealed that a majority of studies were conducted in the United States, used qualitative or mixed methods and employed a variety of data collection techniques to study adult patient populations with chronic illness and their informal caregivers and healthcare providers performing patient work in the home and clinical setting. The studies resulted in a variety of useful products, demonstrating several benefits of using the models. CONCLUSION Our review has demonstrated the value of using the SEIPS family of work systems models to study and improve patient and family contributions to health-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siddarth Ponnala
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Nadia Doutcheva
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Cao S, Huang H, Xiao M, Yan L, Xu W, Tang X, Luo X, Zhao Q. Research on safety in home care for older adults: A bibliometric analysis. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1720-1730. [PMID: 33626246 PMCID: PMC8186682 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to describe and visualize the current research state and collaborative networks in home care safety for older adults over the past 11 years to analyse the gaps of research and future research trends. BACKGROUND The amount of research on safety in home care for older adults is increasing. It is necessary to understand the status of development and main research topics and identify the main contributors and their relationships. METHODS A total of 2,631 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science. The external characteristics of the publications were summarized with the Web of Science and Histcite. Collaborative networks and keywords were analysed and visually displayed using analysis tools. RESULTS The number of articles increased over the years. Articles were identified from 79 countries, 3,630 institutions, 647 journals and 11,691 authors, and complex cooperative relations among them and five research topics were identified. CONCLUSION Research on home care safety for older adults is developing steadily, and this field may be understood to a greater extent in the future. Countries, institutions and scholars need to cooperate more in this research field. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This study contributes important information for understanding achievements in the research field of home care safety and provides insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Cao
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of UrologyUrologistThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of NursingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Wenxin Xu
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xumeng Tang
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHospital (T.C.M) affiliated to southwest medical universityLuzhouChina
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Bell JF, Whitney RL, Keeton V, Young HM. Caregiver Characteristics and Outcomes Associated With Level of Care Complexity for Older Adults. Res Gerontol Nurs 2021; 14:117-125. [PMID: 34039151 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20210427-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Care in the home is increasingly complex, with family caregivers now expected to take on aspects of care previously managed by nurses and other health professionals. In a national sample of caregivers of older adults, we examined predictors and outcomes of level of care (low, medium, high) based on caregiving hours and counts of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs supported. Characteristics associated with high level of care include Hispanic or "other" race/ethnicity, being unemployed, and specific care recipient conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's disease/dementia, cancer, mobility limitations). High compared to low level of care is also associated with caregiving difficulty and unmet needs. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and nursing research to further understand the features and dynamics of care complexity. Such research can inform family-centered interventions, health care system redesign, and health policies to support family caregivers of older adults engaged in complex care. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(3), 117-125.].
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Ten Haken I, Ben Allouch S, van Harten WH. Education and training of nurses in the use of advanced medical technologies in home care related to patient safety: A cross-sectional survey. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 100:104813. [PMID: 33662675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To use advanced medical technologies (AMTs) correctly and safely requires both specialist knowledge and skills, and an awareness of risks and how those can be minimized. Reporting safety concerns about AMTs in home care can contribute to an improved quality of care. The extent to which a health care organization has integrated the reporting, evaluation and learning from incidents is a key element of that organization's patient safety culture. OBJECTIVES To explore nurses' experiences regarding the education followed in the use of AMTs in the home setting, and their organizations' systems of reporting. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional design. METHODS 209 home care nurses from across the Netherlands who worked with infusion therapy, parenteral nutrition and/or morphine pumps responded to the online questionnaire between July 2018 and February 2019. The analysis of the data was mainly descriptive. RESULTS Educational interventions that are most often used to learn how to use AMTs were, as an average over the three AMTs, instruction by a nurse (71%), practical training in the required skills (71%) and acquiring information to increase theoretical knowledge (69%). Considerable attention is paid to patient safety (88%) and the home setting (89%). However, a substantial proportion of the nurses (up to 29%) use AMTs even though they had not been tested on their skills. 95% of the respondents were well acquainted with the incident reporting protocol of their organization, but only 49% received structural or regular feedback on any actions taken as a result of event reporting. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed aspects of nurses' education that imply risk factors for patient safety. Practical training is not always given, additional or retraining is often voluntary, and the required skills are not always tested. However, the results show that nurses do have a good awareness of patient safety. Incidents are mainly discussed within the team, but less at the organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ten Haken
- Research Group Technology, Health & Care, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Somaya Ben Allouch
- Research Group Digital Life, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibautstraat 2-4, 1091 GM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim H van Harten
- Faculty Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), Department Health Technology & Services Research (HT&SR), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands; Rijnstate General Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815 AD Arnhem, the Netherlands.
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11
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Keller SC, Gurses AP, Myers MG, Arbaje AI. Home Health Services in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Recommendations for Safe Transitions. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:998-1000. [PMID: 32674838 PMCID: PMC7301093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Keller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ayse P Gurses
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Alicia I Arbaje
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Center for Transformative Geriatrics Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Keller SC, Cosgrove SE, Arbaje AI, Chang RHE, Krosche A, Williams D, Gurses AP. Roles and Role Ambiguity in Patient- and Caregiver-Performed Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2019; 45:763-771. [PMID: 31447376 PMCID: PMC6823133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complicated medical therapies traditionally performed in acute care hospitals are increasingly moving to the home, requiring patients and informal caregivers to perform complicated medical tasks. For example, in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), patients and caregivers perform antimicrobial infusions and venous catheter care. The objective of this study was to characterize patient understanding of patient, caregiver, and health care worker roles in OPAT and barriers to fulfilling these roles, with the goal of understanding how to best support patients and their caregivers. METHODS A qualitative study using 40 semistructured telephone interviews and 20 contextual inquiries of patients and caregivers performing OPAT tasks was performed. Eligible participants were discharged from two academic medical centers on OPAT. Interview transcripts and notes from contextual inquiry were coded based on a human factors engineering model. RESULTS Four main roles are described: communicator, advocate, learner-trainer, and lay health care worker doing "high-skilled tasks." Patients and caregivers experienced role ambiguity about OPAT task performance at the time of hospital discharge. Patients noted that their health care workers experienced role ambiguity as well, particularly regarding who was managing their care. Patients and caregivers used role transitions to achieve workload management, in which patients and caregivers transitioned OPAT tasks or non-OPAT tasks from one person to another. CONCLUSION Clear delineation of roles in complicated home-based medical therapies and training of all who may perform these tasks could improve the safety and quality of home-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Keller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Associate Faculty, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Sara E. Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Faculty, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Alicia I. Arbaje
- Medicine, Director of Transitional Care Research, Center for Transformative Geriatrics Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Faculty, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | | | - Amanda Krosche
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Deborah Williams
- Division of Quality Management, Johns Hopkins Home Care Group, Baltimore
| | - Ayse P. Gurses
- Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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13
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Keller SC, Cosgrove SE, Arbaje AI, Chang RH, Krosche A, Williams D, Gurses AP. It's Complicated: Patient and Informal Caregiver Performance of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy-Related Tasks. Am J Med Qual 2019; 35:133-146. [PMID: 31161769 PMCID: PMC6917971 DOI: 10.1177/1062860619853345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) requires patients and caregivers to infuse antimicrobials through venous catheters (VCs) in the home. The objective of this study was to perform a patient-centered goal-directed task analysis to identify what is required for successful completion of OPAT. The authors performed 40 semi-structured patient interviews and 20 observations of patients and caregivers performing OPAT-related tasks. Six overall goals were identified: (1) understanding and developing skills in OPAT, (2) receiving supplies, (3) medication administration and VC maintenance, (4) preventing VC harm while performing activities of daily living, (5) managing when hazards lead to failures, and (6) monitoring status. The authors suggest that patients and caregivers use teach-back, take formal OPAT classes, receive visual and verbal instructions, use cognitive aids, learn how to troubleshoot, and receive clear instructions to address areas of uncertainty. Addressing these goals is essential to ensuring the safety of and positive experiences for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Keller
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Alicia I. Arbaje
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachel H. Chang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda Krosche
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Ayse P. Gurses
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Carey School of Business, Baltimore, MD
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Arbaje AI, Hughes A, Werner N, Carl K, Hohl D, Jones K, Bowles KH, Chan K, Leff B, Gurses AP. Information management goals and process failures during home visits for middle-aged and older adults receiving skilled home healthcare services after hospital discharge: a multisite, qualitative study. BMJ Qual Saf 2018; 28:111-120. [PMID: 30018114 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle-aged and older adults requiring skilled home healthcare ('home health') services following hospital discharge are at high risk of experiencing suboptimal outcomes. Information management (IM) needed to organise and communicate care plans is critical to ensure safety. Little is known about IM during this transition. OBJECTIVES (1) Describe the current IM process (activity goals, subactivities, information required, information sources/targets and modes of communication) from home health providers' perspectives and (2) Identify IM-related process failures. METHODS Multisite qualitative study. We performed semistructured interviews and direct observations with 33 home health administrative staff, 46 home health providers, 60 middle-aged and older adults, and 40 informal caregivers during the preadmission process and initial home visit. Data were analysed to generate themes and information flow diagrams. RESULTS We identified four IM goals during the preadmission process: prepare referral document and inform agency; verify insurance; contact adult and review case to schedule visit. We identified four IM goals during the initial home visit: assess appropriateness and obtain consent; manage expectations; ensure safety and develop contingency plans. We identified IM-related process failures associated with each goal: home health providers and adults with too much information (information overload); home health providers without complete information (information underload); home health coordinators needing information from many places (information scatter); adults' and informal caregivers' mismatched expectations regarding home health services (information conflict) and home health providers encountering inaccurate information (erroneous information). CONCLUSIONS IM for hospital-to-home health transitions is complex, yet key for patient safety. Organisational infrastructure is needed to support IM. Future clinical workflows and health information technology should be designed to mitigate IM-related process failures to facilitate safer hospital-to-home health transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia I Arbaje
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Armstrong Institute Center for Health Care Human Factors, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Clinical Investigation, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Hughes
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Werner
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University Of Wisconsin Colleges, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Carl
- Johns Hopkins Home Care Group, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn Hohl
- Johns Hopkins Home Care Group, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kate Jones
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn H Bowles
- Biobehavioral Health Science Department, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Services of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kitty Chan
- MedStar-Georgetown Surgical Outcomes Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bruce Leff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayse P Gurses
- Armstrong Institute Center for Health Care Human Factors, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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