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Duderstadt Y, Schreiber S, Burtscher J, Schega L, Müller NG, Brigadski T, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Leßmann V, Müller P. Controlled Hypoxia Acutely Prevents Physical Inactivity-Induced Peripheral BDNF Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7536. [PMID: 39062779 PMCID: PMC11276956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial mediator of neuronal plasticity. Here, we investigated the effects of controlled normobaric hypoxia (NH) combined with physical inactivity on BDNF blood levels and executive functions. A total of 25 healthy adults (25.8 ± 3.3 years, 15 female) were analyzed in a randomized controlled cross-over study. Each intervention began with a 30 min resting phase under normoxia (NOR), followed by a 90 min continuation of NOR or NH (peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2] 85-80%). Serum and plasma samples were collected every 15 min. Heart rate and SpO2 were continuously measured. Before and after each exposure, cognitive tests were performed and after 24 h another follow-up blood sample was taken. NH decreased SpO2 (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.747) and increased heart rate (p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.116) significantly. The 30-min resting phase under NOR led to a significant BDNF reduction in serum (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.581) and plasma (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.362). Continuation of NOR further significantly reduced BDNF after another 45 min (p = 0.018) in serum and after 30 min (p = 0.040) and 90 min (p = 0.005) in plasma. There was no significant BDNF decline under NH. A 24 h follow-up examination showed a significant decline in serum BDNF, both after NH and NOR. Our results show that NH has the potential to counteract physical inactivity-induced BDNF decline. Therefore, our study emphasizes the need for a physically active lifestyle and its positive effects on BDNF. This study also demonstrates the need for a standardized protocol for future studies to determine BDNF in serum and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Duderstadt
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Sports Science, Chair of Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Division of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sports Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sports Science, Chair of Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 67659 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rüdiger C. Braun-Dullaeus
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.)
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Koyya P, Manthari RK, Pandrangi SL. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - The Protective Agent Against Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:353-366. [PMID: 37287291 PMCID: PMC11348470 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230607110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of neurological illnesses on global health is significant. Our perception of the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying intellectual processing and behavior has significantly advanced over the last few decades, laying the groundwork for potential therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of literature reveals that most neurodegenerative diseases could be due to the gradual failure of neurons in the brain's neocortex, hippocampus, and various subcortical areas. Research on various experimental models has uncovered several gene components to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. One among them is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which performs several vital functions, enhancing synaptic plasticity and assisting in the emergence of long-term thoughts. The pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and Huntington's, has been linked to BDNF. According to numerous research, high levels of BDNF are connected to a lower risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease. As a result, we want to concentrate on BDNF in this article and outline its protective role against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyusha Koyya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Torres-Costoso A, Saz-Lara A, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14496. [PMID: 37728896 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an alternative training method to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a crucial molecule involved in plastic brain changes. Its effect compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is controversial. We aimed to estimate, and to comparatively evaluate, the acute and chronic effects on peripheral BDNF levels after a HIIT, MICT intervention or a control condition in adults. METHODS The CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to June 30, 2023. A network meta-analysis was performed to assess the acute and chronic effects of HIIT versus control condition, HIIT versus MICT and MICT versus control condition on BDNF levels. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for RCTs using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs were selected for the systematic review, with 656 participants (aged 20.4-79 years, 34.0% females) and 20 were selected for the network meta-analysis. Network SMD estimates were significant for HIIT versus control condition (1.49, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.38) and MICT versus control condition (1.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.12) for acutely BDNF increase. However, pairwise comparisons only resulted in a significant effect for HIIT versus control condition. CONCLUSIONS HIIT is the best training modality for acutely increasing peripheral BDNF levels in adults. HIIT may effectively increase BDNF levels in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | | | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cai H, Cui Y, Cravens L, Yang G, Yu D, Gao YT, Zheng W, Shu XO. Associations of lifestyle with physical, hearing, visual, and mental functional impairments among older adults: Findings from two prospective cohort studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 105:104848. [PMID: 36343440 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between lifestyle habits and functional impairments among older adults. METHODS The study includes 20,545 women and 14,374 men aged 70 years or older at the time of the function assessment. Participants were from two prospective cohort studies: the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS, enrollment from 1996 to 2000) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS, enrollment from 2002 to 2006). Lifestyle information was collected at study enrollment and a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was derived. Functional impairment information was collected at the follow-up survey conducted in 2012-2017. Logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the associations of HLS with functional impairments. RESULTS The average age at lifestyle and functional impairment assessment was 62.3 (range: 49.9-70.9) and 77.7 (range: 70.0-89.4) for women and 67.5 (range: 55.1-74.9) and 77.4 (range: 70.0-88.6) for men. After a median follow-up of 14.4 years, we found that the HLS was inversely associated with overall severe functional impairment: odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.78(0.71-0.86) and individual severe functional impairment: 0.67(0.62-0.73) for independent walking, 0.85(0.77-0.94) for hearing/vision, 0.79(0.70-0.88) for memory, and 0.74(0.67-0.82) for decision-making impairment, comparing the highest with the lowest HLS categories. Such associations were similar among individuals with/without cardiometabolic diseases at baseline. The associations between each lifestyle factor and functional impairments differed. CONCLUSION A healthy lifestyle was associated with reduced odds of physical and mental impairment among older Chinese adults, emphasizing the importance of promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent or postpone age-related functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Yong Cui
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Lauryn Cravens
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Room 738, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200/25 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Nweke M, Nombeko M, Govender N, Akinpelu AO, Ogunniyi A. Effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life of people with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder on antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 35488222 PMCID: PMC9055763 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) negatively impacts quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Behavioural intervention adjunct to ART may improve QoL of people with HAND. We determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on QoL in people with HAND who were receiving ART. TRIAL DESIGN This was a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. METHODS We identified 73 participants diagnosed with HAND. Participants were sampled from an earlier study that examined the prevalence of HAND according to the Frascati criteria. Participants were randomised and allocated to an intervention of 12-weeks of aerobic exercise, comprising three 20-60 min sessions per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise using a cycle ergometer. The primary outcome was QoL, which was evaluated using the World Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL)-BREF. RESULTS Participants in the exercise (n = 39) and control (n = 35) groups had similar sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05). Following the 12-week aerobic exercise programme, participants in the exercise group had improved physical (p < 0.001), psychological (p = 0.008) and environmental (p = 0.001) domains of the QoL (p = 0.001) and overall QoL (p = 0.001) relative to the control group. Similarly, participants in the exercise group had lower depression scores than participants in the control group. Depression scores in the exercise group were still lower 3 months post-intervention (p = 0.007). Only the improvements in physical (p = 0.02) and psychological (p = 0.007) domains of QoL were sustained at 3 months post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise improves the QoL of people with HAND. To ensure sustained benefits, people with HAND may need to engage in long-term physical exercise. Trial registration The trial is registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR). Date: 01/09/2020, ID: PACTR202009483415745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nweke
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mshunqane Nombeko
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aderonke O. Akinpelu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Cai YH, Wang Z, Feng LY, Ni GX. Effect of Exercise on the Cognitive Function of Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:876935. [PMID: 35572003 PMCID: PMC9096085 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.876935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are important risk factors for the development of cognitive deterioration and dementia. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of an exercise intervention on cognitive function in older T2DM patients. Methods Eight literature databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, and ProQuest) were searched from inception to 20 January 2022. The researchers examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the impact of exercise on the cognitive performance of older T2DM patients. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2) for RCTs was used to assess each study. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations) approach. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Modified MMSE (3MSE), and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate the cognitive outcomes. We performed a subgroup analysis with stratification according to exercise intervention modality, duration, and cognitive impairment. Results Five trials were eligible, with a total of 738 T2DM patients. The combined findings revealed that exercise improved global cognitive function significantly (standardized mean difference: 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–2.44, p < 0.01). The effect of exercise on global cognitive performance was not significantly influenced by intervention modality, intervention duration, or cognitive impairment in the sub-group analysis (p > 0.05). In the studies that were included, no relevant adverse events were reported. Conclusion Exercise is beneficial in improving global cognitive function in older adults with T2DM. Studies with bigger sample sizes and higher quality are additionally expected to draw more definite conclusions. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42022296049].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Cai
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Le-Yi Feng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Xin Ni,
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Nweke M, Nombeko M, Govender N, Akinpelu A, Ogunniyi A. Aerobic Exercise in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e29230. [PMID: 35099405 PMCID: PMC8844984 DOI: 10.2196/29230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of HIV-associated dementia has drastically fallen. Despite using ART, people living with HIV continue to experience less severe but limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). People living with HIV who are on ART and experiencing symptoms of HAND may benefit from aerobic exercise. Objective This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial designed to determine the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria. Methods At least 68 patients diagnosed with HAND will be randomly placed into either an aerobic exercise group or control group. Patients in the aerobic exercise group will perform a moderate intensity workout on a stationary bicycle ergometer, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. We will measure the primary outcomes including neurocognitive performance, prevalence of HAND, viral load, and CD4 count. We will evaluate postexercise neurocognitive performance using reliable neuropsychological tests relevant to people living with HIV, in line with the Frascati criteria. We will assess secondary outcomes such as quality of life, activity limitation, and social participation using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-Brief, and the Oxford Participation and Activities questionnaire. We will use exploratory statistics to test the data for normality and homogeneity. We will analyze the effect of the exercise program on HAND using relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (number needed to treat). Analysis of covariance will be run to estimate the effect of exercise on quality of life and activity and participation level. Results This funded trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board in May 2020. The protocol was approved on June 15, 2020. Enrollment commenced in January 2021 and was completed in May 2021. Over 60% of the participants were recruited at the time of first submission to JMIR Mental Health. Data curation is still ongoing; hence, data analysis is yet to be executed. Study outcomes are expected to be published in March 2022. Conclusions This is a protocol for a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202009483415745; https://tinyurl.com/2p97zpu9 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/29230
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nweke
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Mshunqane Nombeko
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aderonke Akinpelu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Behrendt T, Kirschnick F, Kröger L, Beileke P, Rezepin M, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Comparison of the effects of open vs. closed skill exercise on the acute and chronic BDNF, IGF-1 and IL-6 response in older healthy adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 34823469 PMCID: PMC8614060 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that physical exercise has a positive effect on the release of neurotrophic factors and myokines. However, evidence regarding the optimal type of physical exercise for these release is still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) compared to closed-skill exercise (CSE) on serum and plasma levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNFS, BDNFP), and serum levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in healthy older adults. METHODS To investigate acute effects, thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (badminton (aOSE) and bicycling (aCSE), n = 24, 65.83 ± 5.98 years) or control group (reading (CG), n = 14, 67.07 ± 2.37 years). Blood samples were taken immediately before and 5 min after each condition. During each condition, heart rate was monitored. The mean heart rate of aOSE and aCSE were equivalent (65 ± 5% of heart rate reserve). In a subsequent 12-week training-intervention, twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to either a sport-games (cOSE, n = 6, 64.50 ± 6.32) or a strength-endurance training (cCSE, n = 9, 64.89 ± 3.51) group to assess for chronic effects. Training intensity for both groups was adjusted to a subjective perceived exertion using the CR-10 scale (value 7). Blood samples were taken within one day after the training-intervention. RESULTS BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1, and IL-6 levels increased after a single exercise session of 30 min. After 12 weeks of training BDNFS and IL-6 levels were elevated, whereas IGF-1 levels were reduced in both groups. However, only in the cOSE group these changes were significant. We could not find any significant differences between the exercise types. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that both exercise types are efficient to acutely increase BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1 and IL-6 serum levels in healthy older adults. Additionally, our results tend to support that OSE is more effective for improving basal BDNFS levels after 12 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Kirschnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Kröger
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Beileke
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Rezepin
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nicolini C, Nelson AJ. Current Methodological Pitfalls and Caveats in the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Changes in Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: How Result Reproducibility Can Be Improved. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:678541. [PMID: 38235217 PMCID: PMC10790889 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.678541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms, such as enhanced neuroplasticity within the motor system, underpin exercise-induced motor improvements. Being a key mediator of motor plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is likely to play an important role in mediating exercise positive effects on motor function. Difficulties in assessing brain BDNF levels in humans have drawn attention to quantification of blood BDNF and raise the question of whether peripheral BDNF contributes to exercise-related motor improvements. Methodological and non-methodological factors influence measurements of blood BDNF introducing a substantial variability that complicates result interpretation and leads to inconsistencies among studies. Here, we discuss methodology-related issues and approaches emerging from current findings to reduce variability and increase result reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11
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Soke F, Kocer B, Fidan I, Keskinoglu P, Guclu-Gunduz A. Effects of task-oriented training combined with aerobic training on serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111384. [PMID: 33965556 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Exercise training, which is incorporated both goal-based training such as task-oriented training (TOT) and aerobic training (AT), has been suggested to induce neuroprotection. However, molecular mechanisms which may underlie exercise-induced neuroprotection are still largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TOT combined with AT (TOT-AT) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived growth factor (GDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in people with PD (PwPD). METHODS Forty PwPD were randomized into 8-week of either exercise group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The exercise group received TOT-AT while the control group received only AT. Serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels determined with ELISA were assessed at baseline and after training. RESULTS A total of 29 PwPD completed this study. Our results showed no significant change in the serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in both groups. After the intervention period, no significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION TOT-AT could not be an effective exercise method for changing serum concentrations of BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the rehabilitation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Soke
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Kocer
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isil Fidan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pembe Keskinoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Guclu-Gunduz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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van Wegen EEH, Hirsch MA, van de Berg WDJ, Vriend C, Rietberg MB, Newman MA, Vanbellingen T, van den Heuvel OA. High-Intensity Interval Cycle Ergometer Training in Parkinson's Disease: Protocol for Identifying Individual Response Patterns Using a Single-Subject Research Design. Front Neurol 2020; 11:569880. [PMID: 33193011 PMCID: PMC7642485 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.569880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience not only motor problems but also non-motor problems that seriously impede their daily functioning and quality of life. The current pharmacologic treatment of PD is symptomatic, and alternative rehabilitation treatments, which preferably also have a disease-modifying effect and promote neuroplasticity, are needed. Recent studies suggest that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promising for promoting neuroplasticity in human PD, with short training time and reduced burden. Biomarkers for neuroplasticity such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurodegeneration (including neurofilament NfL and α-synuclein) may play a role, but their response to HIIT is not well-investigated. Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to study the effects of 4 weeks of HIIT compared with 4 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise on motor and non-motor outcomes of PD and (2) to investigate the association between HIIT, motor/non-motor performances changes, and blood biomarker levels for neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. Study Design: Single-subject research design with alternating treatment setup (ABACA) and frequent repeated measurements was used. Each participant received different intervention conditions (B/C) interspersed with baseline periods (A, i.e., ABACA or ACABA), and frequent repeated assessment of outcome measures is done to quantify within-subject, individual response patterns with sufficient power for data analysis. Blood samples were collected once a week in the baseline and training phases (A1 and B/C) and once every 2 weeks in the washout phases (A2 and A3). Intervention: Four subjects with PD on stable dopaminergic medication, two in Hoehn–Yahr stage 1–2, and two in Hoehn–Yahr stage 2.5–3 followed an ABACA or ACABA schedule, consisting of blocks with 30-min sessions of “B” (HIIT) or 50-min sessions of “C” [continuous aerobic exercise (CAE)] 3×/week for 4 weeks, separated by baseline “A” periods of 8 weeks for a total duration of 28 weeks. Outcome Measures: Outcome measures include disease status [Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS)], blood biomarkers (BDNF, Nfl, and α-synuclein), measures for functional mobility (including an activity tracker), and activities of daily living, as well as cognition, mood, biorhythm (sleeping problems), and quality of life. Data Analysis: Visual analysis of trends in level, slope, and variability in response patterns was carried out, confirmed by longitudinal regression analysis with phase (ABACA) as the independent variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin E H van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hirsch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc B Rietberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicines, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark A Newman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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O'Callaghan A, Harvey M, Houghton D, Gray WK, Weston KL, Oates LL, Romano B, Walker RW. Comparing the influence of exercise intensity on brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in people with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1731-1738. [PMID: 31606860 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to be protective against the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson's disease (PD), and is thought to increase during exercise. This has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which exercise improves outcomes for people with PD. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the role of exercise intensity on BDNF levels in people with PD. METHODS Participants of early- to mid-stage disease were recruited from a single PD service in north-east England, UK into two separate studies of exercise in PD, one involving moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and one involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), both had control groups. In both the interventions, participants exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken for BDNF analysis at the start and end of the first session and the start and end of the final session, with corresponding samples taken in controls. RESULTS Data were available for 27 participants (13 intervention, 14 control) in the MICT intervention and 17 (9 intervention, 8 control) in the HIIT intervention. BDNF level did not rise significantly from the start to end of individual sessions. Across the 12 week period, they rose significantly in the HIIT intervention group, but not in controls or the MICT intervention group. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval training appears to have a greater impact on BDNF than MICT. Future work should directly compare exercise modalities and investigate the impact of BDNF levels on disease progression and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailish O'Callaghan
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
- North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, UK
| | - Marguerite Harvey
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William K Gray
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK.
| | - Kathryn L Weston
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Lloyd L Oates
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
| | | | - Richard W Walker
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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14
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Müller P, Duderstadt Y, Lessmann V, Müller NG. Lactate and BDNF: Key Mediators of Exercise Induced Neuroplasticity? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041136. [PMID: 32326586 PMCID: PMC7230639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies supports the notion that physical exercise can enhance neuroplasticity and thus reduce the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia). However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of exercise induced neuroplasticity are still largely unknown. One potential mediator of exercise effects is the neurotrophin BDNF, which enhances neuroplasticity via different pathways (e.g., synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, long-term potentiation). Current research has shown that (i) increased peripheral lactate levels (following high intensity exercise) are associated with increased peripheral BDNF levels, (ii) lactate infusion at rest can increase peripheral and central BDNF levels and (iii) lactate plays a very complex role in the brain’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the role and relationship of lactate and BDNF in exercise induced neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Duderstadt
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abdo Qaid EY, Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Ahmad AH, Othman Z, Muthuraju S, Sasongko TH. The role of mTOR signalling pathway in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:482-488. [PMID: 32202188 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1746308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been associated with cognitive impairment. Many studies have investigated the role of mTOR signalling pathway in cognitive functions but its role in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment remains controversial. This review aimed to elucidate the role of mTOR in the mechanisms of cognitive impairment that may pave the way towards the mechanistic understanding and therapeutic intervention of hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. mTORC1 is normally regulated during mild or acute hypoxic exposure giving rise to neuroprotection, whereas it is overactivated during severe or chronic hypoxia giving rise to neuronal cells death. Thus, it is worth exploring the possibility of maintaining normal mTORC1 activity and thereby preventing cognitive impairment during severe or chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zahiruddin Othman
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Perdana University-RCSI School of Medicine, Perdana University Center for Research Excellence, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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16
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Effect of High Intensity Interval Training Compared to Continuous Training on Cognitive Performance in Young Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020081. [PMID: 32033006 PMCID: PMC7071608 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve cognitive function, moving the body is strongly recommended; however, evidence regarding the proper training modality is still lacking. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE), representing the same total training load, on improving cognitive function in healthy adults. It was hypothesized that after 6 weeks (3 days/week) of stationary bike training, HIIT would improve executive functions more than MICE. Twenty-five participants exercised three times a week for 6 weeks after randomization to the HIIT or MICE training groups. Target intensity was 60% of peak power output (PPO) in the MICE group and 100% PPO in the HIIT group. After training, PPO significantly increased in both the HIIT and MICE groups (9% and 15%, p < 0.01). HIIT was mainly associated with a greater improvement in overall reaction time in the executive components of the computerized Stroop task (980.43 ± 135.27 ms vs. 860.04 ± 75.63 ms, p < 0.01) and the trail making test (42.35 ± 14.86 s vs. 30.35 ± 4.13 s, p < 0.01). T exercise protocol was clearly an important factor in improving executive functions in young adults.
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17
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Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Maideen MFB, Lira FS. Pathophysiological Features of Obesity and its Impact on Cognition: Exercise Training as a Non-Pharmacological Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:916-931. [PMID: 31942854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of individuals with obesity is growing worldwide and this is a worrying trend, as obesity has shown to cause pathophysiological changes, which result in the emergence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. In addition, cognitive performance may be compromised by immunometabolic deregulation of obesity. Although in more critical cases, the use of medications is recommended, a physically active lifestyle is one of the main foundations for health maintenance, making physical training an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of excessive fat accumulation. AIM The purpose of this review of the literature is to present the impact of immunometabolic alterations on cognitive function in individuals with obesity, and the role of exercise training as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the inflammatory profile, energy metabolism and neuroplasticity in obesity. METHOD An overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity to establish a possible link with cognitive performance in obese individuals, with the executive function being one of the most affected cognitive components. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) profile and its impact on cognition in obese individuals are discussed. Lastly, studies showing regular resistance and/or aerobic training, which may be able to improve the pathophysiological condition and cognitive performance through the improvement of the inflammatory profile, decreased insulin resistance and higher BDNF production are discussed. CONCLUSION Exercise training is essential for reestablishment and maintenance of health by increasing energy expenditure, insulin resistance reduction, anti-inflammatory proteins and neurotrophin production corroborating to upregulation of body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad F B Maideen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Enette L, Vogel T, Merle S, Valard-Guiguet AG, Ozier-Lafontaine N, Neviere R, Leuly-Joncart C, Fanon JL, Lang PO. Effect of 9 weeks continuous vs. interval aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels, aerobic fitness, cognitive capacity and quality of life among seniors with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31921371 PMCID: PMC6945614 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that aerobic-type training confers physical benefits and appears to contribute positively to brain health. This study aims to compare the effect of 9-weeks continuous (CAT) to interval aerobic training (IAT) on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level, aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and quality of life among senior with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods 52 participants were randomly allocated into three groups (CAT n = 14; IAT n = 17; and Controls n = 21). CAT and IAT consisted of 18 sessions of 30-min cycling, twice a week, over 9 weeks. During the same period, controls were engaged in interactive information sessions. Plasma BDNF level; aerobic fitness parameters (Metabolic equivalent task - METs; Maximal Tolerated Power - MTP); functional capacities (6-Minute Walk Test - 6MWT); cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination; Rey auditory verbal learning test; and digit span test) and quality of life (Quality Of Life of Alzheimer's Disease scale - QoL-AD) were measured in all participants at baseline and 9 weeks later. A third plasma BDNF level was quantified following a 4 weeks detraining. Results No significant change was measured in terms of plasma BDNF level and cognitive performance after interventions, in all groups compared to baseline. After 9 weeks, CAT and IAT significantly improved aerobic fitness parameters compared to controls (METs: + 0.6 and + 1.0 vs. + 0.4; MTP: + 16 watts and + 20 watts vs. + 10 watts; and functional capacities (6MWT: + 22 m and + 31 m vs. -40 m). Compared to controls, QoL-AD after CAT was improved (+ 2 points; p = 0.02). Conclusions Neither aerobic exercise modalities significantly modified plasma BDNF levels and cognitive performances. CAT and IAT enhanced aerobic fitness and functional capacities in AD patients and CAT their QoL. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02968875); registration date: 7 September 2016. "Retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lievyn Enette
- 1Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Résidence La Yole, bat. B L'Etang Z'abricot, 97200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- 1Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Résidence La Yole, bat. B L'Etang Z'abricot, 97200 Strasbourg, France.,2Department of geriatric, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Merle
- Methodology and biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Anna-Gaelle Valard-Guiguet
- The Caribbean reference center for rare neuromuscular and neurologic diseases (CeRCa), University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Nathalie Ozier-Lafontaine
- Department of Functional Exploration and Non-Invasive Cardiology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Department of cardiology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Claudia Leuly-Joncart
- Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Jean Luc Fanon
- Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
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19
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Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Sanchis-Gomar F. Updated overview on interplay between physical exercise, neurotrophins, and cognitive function in humans. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:74-81. [PMID: 31921482 PMCID: PMC6943756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The many important benefits of physical exercise also encompass maintenance or improvement of cognitive functions. Among the various mechanisms underlying the association between physical exercise and brain health, recent evidence attests that neurotrophin receptor signaling may have an important role, because the activation of this pathway leads to growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses, supports axonal and dendritic growth, fosters synaptic plasticity, and preserves survival of existing neurons. In this review of published evidence, we highlight that a positive relationship exists between physical exercise and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and that the postexercise variation of this molecule is associated with improvement of neurocognitive functioning. Less clear evidence has instead been published for other neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4. Overall, promotion of adequate volumes and intensities of physical exercise (i.e., approximately 3 months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with 2-3 sessions/week lasting not less than 30 min) may hence be regarded as an inexpensive and safe strategy for boosting brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, thus preserving or restoring cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Sanders LMJ, Hortobágyi T, la Bastide-van Gemert S, van der Zee EA, van Heuvelen MJG. Dose-response relationship between exercise and cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210036. [PMID: 30629631 PMCID: PMC6328108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the dose-response relationship between exercise and cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairments. We included single-modality randomized controlled aerobic, anaerobic, multicomponent or psychomotor exercise trials that quantified training frequency, session and program duration and specified intensity quantitatively or qualitatively. We defined total exercise duration in minutes as the product of program duration, session duration, and frequency. For each study, we grouped test-specific Hedges' d (n = 163) and Cohen's d (n = 23) effect sizes in the domains Global cognition, Executive function and Memory. We used multilevel mixed-effects models to investigate dose-related predictors of exercise effects. In healthy older adults (n = 23 studies), there was a small positive effect of exercise on executive function (d = 0.27) and memory (d = 0.24), but dose-parameters did not predict the magnitude of effect sizes. In older adults with cognitive impairments (n = 13 studies), exercise had a moderate positive effect on global cognition (d = 0.37). For older adults with cognitive impairments, we found evidence for exercise programs with a short session duration and high frequency to predict higher effect sizes (d = 0.43-0.50). In healthy older adults, dose-parameters did not predict the magnitude of exercise effects on cognition. For older adults with cognitive impairments, exercise programs with shorter session duration and higher frequency may generate the best cognitive results. Studies are needed in which different exercise doses are directly compared among randomized subjects or conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne M. J. Sanders
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha la Bastide-van Gemert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy A. van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. G. van Heuvelen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bouaziz W, Schmitt E, Vogel T, Lefebvre F, Leprêtre PM, Kaltenbach G, Geny B, Lang PO. Effects of a short-term Interval Aerobic Training Programme with active Recovery bouts (IATP-R) on cognitive and mental health, functional performance and quality of life: A randomised controlled trial in sedentary seniors. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73:e13219. [PMID: 29963733 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interval aerobic training programme with active recovery bouts (IATP-R) has shown to improve tolerance to IATP among seniors. However, data concerning its benefits for seniors' health are still limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IATP-R on seniors' health status. METHODS Sedentary volunteers (n = 60, aged ≥70 years) were randomly assigned to either IATP-R or maintained sedentary lifestyle for 9.5 weeks. IATP-R consisted of 30-minute cycling (6 × 4 minutes at first ventilatory threshold (VT1 ) intensity + 1 minute at 40% of VT1 ) twice a week. Cognitive and functional performances were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT-A; TMT-B); Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT); Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT); one-leg balance test; and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests, respectively. QoL and anxiety/depression status were measured by the Short Form-12 and the Goldberg's Scale, respectively. All participants were assessed at baseline and 9.5 weeks later. RESULTS Compared to controls, IATP-R improved cognitive functions (TMT-A: +1.5% vs -21.5%; TMT-B: +0.9% vs -13.3%; PASAT: +1.4% vs -14.6%; semantic fluency: -1.1% vs +11.7%), functional performance (TUG: +5.4% vs -16.5%; 6-MWT: -3.2% vs +11.5%; SPPB: -3.2% vs +14.6%; One-leg balance: -16.3% vs +25.0%); QoL (physical health: -13.3% vs +23.1%; mental health: -7.1% vs +8.2%); and depressive symptoms (+26.3% vs -42.8%). Significant impacts were measured neither on letter modality of fluency tasks nor on anxiety score. CONCLUSION These data showed that IATP-R is an effective training programme to improve functional and cognitive performances, mental health and well-being in sedentary seniors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02263573. Registered October 1, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Bouaziz
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Research Unit of the University of Rouen (CETAPS, EA-3832), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Elise Schmitt
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Leprêtre
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation (APERE, EA-3300), UFR-STAPS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Unit of cardiovascular rehabilitation, Hospital center of Corbie, Corbie, France
| | - Georges Kaltenbach
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Functional Explorations Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Lang
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Geriatric and Rehabilitation Geriatric Division, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Becke A, Müller P, Dordevic M, Lessmann V, Brigadski T, Müller NG. Daily Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia Over 2 Weeks Reduces BDNF Plasma Levels in Young Adults - A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1337. [PMID: 30327610 PMCID: PMC6174219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The results from animal and human research indicate that acute intermittent hypoxia can enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma levels and gene expression. As BDNF is known to promote the differentiation of new neurons and the formation of synapses, it has been proposed to mediate adult neuroplasticity. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of daily intermittent exposure to normobaric hypoxia (simulating high altitude exposure at approximately 4000–5000 m) over 2 weeks on BDNF levels in young adults. Methods: Twenty-eight young adults (age: 19–33 years) were randomized into a hypoxic intervention group (N = 14) or the control group (N = 14). Participants in the intervention group breathed intermittent normobaric hypoxic air at resting conditions (5 min intervals, 80–85% SpO2 measured via a finger pulse oximeter, 12 sessions for 60 min/day for 2 weeks) via a hypoxic generator. BDNF plasma and serum levels were determined at baseline and at 2 weeks after intervention using sandwich ELISAs. Results: After 2 weeks of daily intermittent hypoxic treatment (IHT), we found a significant group x time interaction effect for BDNF plasma levels based on a significant decrease in BDNF levels in the hypoxia group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that daily intermittent administration of hypoxic air has a significant effect on BDNF regulation in healthy young adults. Contrary to other results reporting an increase in BDNF levels under hypoxic conditions, the present data suggest that hypoxic treatment using intensive IHT can reduce BDNF plasma levels for at least 2 weeks. This finding indicates that the daily application of hypoxic air is too frequent for the aimed physiological response, namely, an increase in BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Becke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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