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Ahmad S, d'Avanzo N, Mancuso A, Barone A, Cristiano MC, Carresi C, Mollace V, Celia C, Fresta M, Paolino D. Skin Tolerability of Oleic Acid Based Nanovesicles Designed for the Improvement of Icariin and Naproxen Percutaneous Permeation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38608313 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles have a crucial role in topical drug delivery through the skin, due to their capability to pass intact the stratum corneum and epidermis (SCE) and significantly increase the efficacy and accumulation of payloads in the deeper layers of the skin. Namely, lipid-based ultradeformable nanovesicles are versatile and load bioactive molecules with different physicochemical properties. For this reason, this study aims to make oleic acid based nanovesicles (oleosomes) for the codelivery of icariin and sodium naproxen and increase their permeation through the skin. Oleosomes have suitable physicochemical properties and long-term stability for a potential dermal or transdermal application. The inclusion of oleic acid in the lipid bilayer increases 3-fold the deformable properties of oleosomes compared to conventional liposomes and significantly improves the percutaneous permeation of icariin and sodium naproxen through the human SCE membranes compared to hydroalcoholic solutions of both drugs. The tolerability studies on human volunteers demonstrate that oleosomes are safer and speed up the recovery of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) baselines compared to saline solution. These results highlight promising properties of icariin/sodium naproxen coloaded oleosomes for the treatment of skin disorders and suggest the potential future applications of these nanovesicles for further in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Icariin Alleviates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810219. [PMID: 36142129 PMCID: PMC9499631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a naturally occurring phytochemical agent primarily extracted from Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim (Family Berberidaceae) with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Endometritis is a uterine disease that causes enormous losses in the dairy industry worldwide. In this study, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of ICA were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice to investigate possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Sixty heathy female Kunming mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15), namely control, LPS, LPS + ICA, and ICA groups. The endometritis was induced by intrauterine infusion of 50 µL of LPS (1 mg/mL). After 24 h of onset of LPS-induced endometritis, ICA groups were injected thrice by ICA intraperitoneally six hours apart. Histopathological examination, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used in this study. Histological alterations revealed that ICA markedly mitigated uterine tissue injury caused by LPS. The results showed that the ICA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) and boosted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Additionally, ICA modulated the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) induced by LPS. The administration of ICA significantly (p < 0.05) improved the mRNA and protein expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. The western blotting and ELISA finding revealed that the ICA repressed LPS-triggered NF-κB pathway activation. Moreover, ICA improved the antioxidant defense system via activation of the Nrf2 pathway. The results revealed that ICA up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Nuclear erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) under LPS exposure. Conclusively, our findings strongly suggested that ICA protects endometritis caused by LPS by suppressing TLR4-associated NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Altogether, these innovative findings may pave the way for future studies into the therapeutic application of ICA to protect humans and animals against endometritis.
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Persad KL, Lopaschuk GD. Energy Metabolism on Mitochondrial Maturation and Its Effects on Cardiomyocyte Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886393. [PMID: 35865630 PMCID: PMC9294643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in energy metabolism play a major role in the lineage of cardiomyocytes, such as the dramatic changes that occur in the transition from neonate to newborn. As cardiomyocytes mature, they shift from a primarily glycolytic state to a mitochondrial oxidative metabolic state. Metabolic intermediates and metabolites may have epigenetic and transcriptional roles in controlling cell fate by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. In the maturing cardiomyocyte, such as in the postnatal heart, fatty acid oxidation increases in conjunction with increased mitochondrial biogenesis driven by the transcriptional coregulator PGC1-α. PGC1-α is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart at birth, with deficiencies leading to postnatal cardiomyopathy. While stem cell therapy as a treatment for heart failure requires further investigation, studies suggest that adult stem cells may secrete cardioprotective factors which may regulate cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival. This review will discuss how metabolism influences mitochondrial biogenesis and how mitochondrial biogenesis influences cell fate, particularly in the context of the developing cardiomyocyte. The implications of energy metabolism on stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and how this may be utilized as a therapy against heart failure and cardiovascular disease will also be discussed.
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Guo Y, Ding SJ, Ding X, Liu Z, Wang JL, Chen Y, Liu PP, Li HX, Zhou GH, Tang CB. Effects of selected flavonoids on cell proliferation and differentiation of porcine muscle stem cells for cultured meat production. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luo Z, Dong J, Wu J. Impact of Icariin and its derivatives on inflammatory diseases and relevant signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108861. [PMID: 35597118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is a famous herb collected from China and Korea. It has been used for impotency, osteoporosis, and amnestic treatment for thousands of years. Icariin, a typical flavonoid compound isolated from Herba Epimedii, was reported as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. Icariside and icaritin are the two metabolites of icariin. Icariin and its metabolites have been used to treat a wide range of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, depression, osteoarthritis, and asthma. They exert powerful suppression of proinflammatory signaling, such as NF-κB and MAPKs. More importantly, they can upregulate anti-inflammatory signaling, such as GR and Nrf2. In this study, we review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites in inflammatory diseases and provide novel insights into these potential anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Liu J, Li L, Zhu J, Luo L, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhang W. Cadmium disrupts mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into ovarian granulosa cells through epigenetic mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 235:113431. [PMID: 35334236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can influence germ cell development, and epigenetic events may be involved. However, there is no study on whether Cd can influence germ cells differentiation into ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), and more insight into the molecular mechanism of the effect of Cd on germ cell development from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into ovarian granulosa cells and investigation of appropriate epigenetic factors are of great importance. In this study, mouse ES cell differentiation into GCs was established in an in vitro model. Subsequently, different Cd concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 and then 3.0, and 10.0 μmol/L were cultured in this in vitro model. We demonstrated that Cd treatment can interrupt ES cell differentiation into GCs by morphology and ultrastructure observation. Four specific markers (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Nanog homeobox (Nanog), and Anti-müllerian hormone type II receptor (Amhr2)) were significantly changed as measured by quantitative real-time-PCR or Western blot (p < 0.05). Cd also significantly changed the DNA methylation of GC sites on the CpG island of Nanog according to the sequential mass ARRAYR methylation method (p < 0.05). The MeRIP-qPCR method was used to detect the levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) 1281 and indicated that they were decreased (p < 0.05). Microarray chip analysis, miRNA screening, and bioinformatics were used to further explore the roles of marker regulation-related miRNAs, and 27 miRNAs were putatively related to Cd-interrupted differentiation in ES cells. These data indicated that Cd can interrupt ES cell differentiation into GCs and affect germ cell development, and the underlying mechanism may involve epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Lingfang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Chenyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China.
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350108 China.
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Zeng Y, Xiong Y, Yang T, Wang Y, Zeng J, Zhou S, Luo Y, Li L. Icariin and its metabolites as potential protective phytochemicals against cardiovascular disease: From effects to molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Liu S, Zhang C, Hao J, Liu Y, Zheng S, Yang C, Yang J, Wu H. Icariin Promotes In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the excellent candidates in myocardial regeneration given their easy accessibility, low immunogenicity and high potential for cardiomyocyte differentiation. This work focused on investigating the role of icariin, a main active component of the Traditional
Chinese herb epimedium, in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes In Vitro. Human BMSCs were cultivated In Vitro, and MTT assay was conducted to measure their proliferation. On this basis, we selected the optimal icariin dose
for promoting the proliferation to induce cardiomyocyte differentiation of MSCs, which were pretreated with or without 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). Cardiac-specific cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and connexin 43 (Cx43)-positive cells were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The differentiation ratio
of MSCs was examined by flow cytometry. This study measured early cardiac transcription factors (TFs) Nkx2.5 and GATA4 levels through RT-PCR and Western blotting (WB). As a result, icariin increased MSC proliferation dependent on its dose, and the optimal dose was determined to be 80 μg/l.
Furthermore, MSCs showed minimal cardiomyogenic differentiation when induced by icariin alone as confirmed by the expression of cardiac-related markers. Moreover, a synergic interaction was observed when icariin and 5-Aza cooperated to induce cardiomyocyte differentiation of MSCs. In conclusion,
Icariin stimulates proliferation and facilitates cardiomyocyte differentiation of MSCs In Vitro and may be potentially used as a new method for enhancing the MSCs efficacy in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dongjie 3, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chengying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Beijing Huairou, 1 Houheng Jie, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Jimenli Community Health Service Center, Jimenli Community, Beisanhuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuna Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dongjie 3, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sidao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dongjie 3, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Beijing Huairou, 1 Houheng Jie, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dongjie 3, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongjin Wu
- Beijing Haidian Hospital, Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, 29 Zhongguancun Dajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
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Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010946. [PMID: 34681606 PMCID: PMC8535588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin-within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover, it has been proven that, similar to somatic cells, maintaining the physiological ROS level is critical for the regulation of PSC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and de-differentiation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies of redox metabolism and signaling in PSCs to compare the redox profiles of pluripotent and differentiated somatic cells. We collected evidence that PSCs possess metabolic plasticity and are able to adapt to both hypoxia and normoxia, that pluripotency is not strictly associated with anaerobic conditions, and that cellular redox homeostasis is similar in PSCs and many other somatic cells under in vitro conditions that may be explained by the high conservatism of the redox regulation system.
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Response of Pluripotent Stem Cells to Environmental Stress and Its Application for Directed Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020084. [PMID: 33498611 PMCID: PMC7912122 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental changes in oxygen concentration, temperature, and mechanical stimulation lead to the activation of specific transcriptional factors and induce the expression of each downstream gene. In general, these responses are protective machinery against such environmental stresses, while these transcriptional factors also regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and organ development in mammals. In the case of pluripotent stem cells, similar response mechanisms normally work and sometimes stimulate the differentiation cues. Up to now, differentiation protocols utilizing such environmental stresses have been reported to obtain various types of somatic cells from pluripotent stem cells. Basically, environmental stresses as hypoxia (low oxygen), hyperoxia, (high oxygen) and mechanical stress from cell culture plates are relatively safer than chemicals and gene transfers, which affect the genome irreversibly. Therefore, protocols designed with such environments in mind could be useful for the technology development of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In this manuscript, we summarize recent findings of environmental stress-induced differentiation protocols and discuss their mechanisms. Abstract Pluripotent stem cells have unique characteristics compared to somatic cells. In this review, we summarize the response to environmental stresses (hypoxic, oxidative, thermal, and mechanical stresses) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their applications in the differentiation methods directed to specific lineages. Those stresses lead to activation of each specific transcription factor followed by the induction of downstream genes, and one of them regulates lineage specification. In short, hypoxic stress promotes the differentiation of ESCs to mesodermal lineages via HIF-1α activation. Concerning mechanical stress, high stiffness tends to promote mesodermal differentiation, while low stiffness promotes ectodermal differentiation via the modulation of YAP1. Furthermore, each step in the same lineage differentiation favors each appropriate stiffness of culture plate; for example, definitive endoderm favors high stiffness, while pancreatic progenitor favors low stiffness during pancreatic differentiation of human ESCs. Overall, treatments utilizing those stresses have no genotoxic or carcinogenic effects except oxidative stress; therefore, the differentiated cells are safe and could be useful for cell replacement therapy. In particular, the effect of mechanical stress on differentiation is becoming attractive for the field of regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of a stress-mediated differentiation protocol is an important matter for the future.
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Effect of Active Ingredients of Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Rejuvenation of Healthy Aging: Focus on Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7307026. [PMID: 32724327 PMCID: PMC7366228 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7307026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are special types of cells with the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. As the organism ages, the ability to maintain homeostasis and regeneration deteriorates and the number and activity of stem cells decline. Theoretically, the restoration of stem cells might reverse aging. However, due to their own aging, donor-derived immune rejection, and difficulties in stem cell differentiation control, a series of problems need to be solved to realize the potential for clinical application of stem cells. Chinese herbal medicine is a nature drug library which is suitable for the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that many active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines with the effect of promoting stem cells growth and differentiation mainly belong to “reinforcing herbs.” In recent years, exploration of natural active ingredients from Chinese herbal medicines for delaying aging, improving the stem cell microenvironment, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous stem cells has attracted substantial attention. This article will focus on active ingredients from Chinese herbs-mediated differentiation of stem cells into particular cell type, like neural cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and osteoblasts. We will also discuss the effects of these small molecules on Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, eNOS-cGMP, and MAP kinase signal transduction pathways, as well as reveal the role of estrogen receptor α and PPAR γ on selectively promoting or inhibiting stem cells differentiation. This review will provide new insights into the health aging strategies of active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine in regenerative medicine.
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He C, Wang Z, Shi J. Pharmacological effects of icariin. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:179-203. [PMID: 32089233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a principal active component from traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium grandiflorum. To explain its traditional medical usages by modern science, a variety of pharmacological effects have been studied for ICA. In this review, we summarized the pharmacokinetics of ICA as well as its pharmacological mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-depression and anti-tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China; Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Ze Wang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China; Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
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Chen S, Wang Z, Zhou H, He B, Hu D, Jiang H. Icariin reduces high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction via inhibiting the p38/CREB pathway and activating the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4774-4780. [PMID: 31772646 PMCID: PMC6861942 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG) impairs endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. The activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the inhibition of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway serve central roles in this process. Icariin has protective effects in endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of icariin on HG-induced EPC dysfunction, including proliferation, migration and tube formation. Experiments were performed with EPCs isolated from the femurs and tibias of Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro. In a dose-dependent manner, icariin reversed the inhibition of EPC proliferation induced by HG treatment, and the maximal effective concentration of icariin was 1 µM [Fold change (FC):0.90±0.07, P=0.0124 vs. HG group]. The impaired EPC migration and tube formation induced by glucose was partially restored by 1 µM icariin treatment (FC: 0.81±0.08, P=0.0148 vs. HG group for migration; 0.82±0.03, P=0.0214 vs. HG group for tube formation). Furthermore, icariin significantly suppressed HG-induced p38 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in EPCs (FC: 1.84±0.21, P=0.0238 vs. HG group for p38; FC: 2.24±0.15, P=0.0068 vs. HG group for CREB). Increased Akt and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation was also observed after icariin treatment (FC: 0.64±0.08, P=0.0047 vs. HG group for Akt; FC:0.53±0.05, P=0.0019 vs. HG group for eNOS), which was followed by increased NO production (FC: 0.69±0.06, P=0.0064 vs. HG group). In conclusion, icariin attenuated HG-induced EPC dysfunction, which may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the p38/CREB pathway and the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Icariin may be a therapeutic candidate for improving the function of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Metformin Regulates the Expression of SK2 and SK3 in the Atria of Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through the NOX4/p38MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:205-213. [PMID: 30188871 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that metformin regulates the ion current conducted by the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) in the atria of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as the mRNA and protein expression of the SK2 and SK3 subtypes of SK channels. In this study, we hypothesized that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in the metformin-mediated regulation of SK2 and SK3 expression in the atria of rats with T2DM. We randomly divided Wistar rats into the control group, the untreated T2DM group, the metformin-treated group, the group receiving subcutaneous injections of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and the group receiving tail vein injections of the p38MAPK agonist anisomycin. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were applied to examine the expression levels of SK2, SK3, NOX4, and phospho-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) mRNAs and proteins in the atrial tissue of relevant groups. We observed that the expression levels of NOX4 mRNA and protein and p-p38MAPK protein were significantly elevated in the atria of rats with T2DM compared with the control group. In addition, SK2 protein expression was reduced, whereas SK3 protein expression was increased. The 8-week treatment with metformin markedly reduced the expression levels of NOX4 mRNA and protein and p-p38MAPK protein, upregulated the SK2 expression, and downregulated the SK3 expression. Tail vein injection with anisomycin significantly increased the p-p38MAPK expression while further inhibiting the expression of SK2 and enhancing the expression of SK3. Subcutaneous injection with DPI considerably inhibited the expression of NOX4, further enhanced the expression of SK2 and suppressed the expression of SK3. In addition, subcutaneous injection with DPI significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38MAPK. In conclusion, the NOX4/p38MAPK signaling pathway mediates the downregulation of SK2 and the upregulation of SK3 in the atria of rats with T2DM. Long-term metformin treatment upregulates SK2 protein expression and downregulates SK3 protein expression by inhibiting the NOX4/p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Discharge in Stem Cell Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2318680. [PMID: 31049127 PMCID: PMC6462321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2318680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown the role of reactive species as secondary messengers in cell proliferation and differentiation, as opposed to the harmful metabolism byproducts that they were previously solely recognized as. Thus, the balance of intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis plays a vital role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) has emerged as a novel tool in biomedical applications. Recently, NBP has also emerged as a powerful tool in the tissue engineering field for the surface modification of biomaterial and the promotion of stem cell differentiation by the regulation of intracellular redox biology. NBP can generate various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which may play the role of the second passenger in the cell signaling network and active antioxidant system in cells. Herein, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms by which NBP regulates cell proliferation and differentiation through redox modification. Considering the importance of redox homeostasis in the regulation of stem cell differentiation, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved will provide important new insights into NBP-induced stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering.
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17
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Icaritin: A Novel Natural Candidate for Hematological Malignancies Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4860268. [PMID: 31032347 PMCID: PMC6458936 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4860268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies including leukemia and lymphoma can severely impact human health. With the current therapies combined with chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of hematologic malignancies improved significantly. However, most hematological malignancies are still incurable. Therefore, research for novel treatment options was continuing with the natural product as one source. Icaritin is a compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb, Epimedium Genus, and demonstrated an antitumor effect in various neoplasms including hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In hematological malignancies, icaritin showed multiple cytotoxic effects to induce apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation, restrict metastasis and infiltration, and suppress the oncogenic virus. The proved underlying mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of icaritin are different in various cell types of hematological malignancies but associated with the critical cell signal pathway, including PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK/ERK/JNK. Although the primary target of icaritin is still unspecified, the existing evidence indicates that icaritin is a potential novel therapeutic agent for neoplasms as with hematological malignancies. Here, in the field of hematology, we reviewed the reported activity of icaritin in hematologic malignancies and the underlying mechanisms and recognized icaritin as a candidate for therapy of hematological malignancies.
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18
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di Bello G, Vendemiale G, Bellanti F. Redox cell signaling and hepatic progenitor cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:546-556. [PMID: 30278988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic diseases are widespread in the world and organ transplantation is currently the only treatment for liver failure. New cell-based approaches have been considered, since stem cells may represent a possible source to treat liver diseases. Acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by high production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, with consequent oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules and alteration of signaling pathways, metabolism and cell cycle. Although considered harmful molecules, reactive species are involved in cell growth and differentiation processes, modulating the activity of transcription factors, which take part in stemness/proliferation. It is conceivable that redox balance may regulate the development of hepatic progenitor cells, function and survival in synchrony with metabolism during chronic liver diseases. This review aims to summarize diverse redox-sensitive signaling pathways involved in stem cell fate, highlighting the important role of hepatic progenitor cells as a possible source to treat end-stage liver disease for organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia di Bello
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
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19
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Bian Q, Liu S, Zhao Y, Huang J, Shen Z. Icariin promotes osteoblastic differentiation in OVX mice via MAPK signaling pathway revealed by profiling. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900018500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Icariin (ICA), an extract from epimedium, has been reported to be effective in promoting bone formation. The objective of the study is to search for the molecular targets of ICA in bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) from the mice with ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Six-month-old Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice that underwent OVX were treated with ICA. After three months, bone mass was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, morphometry and immunohistological detection. bMSCs were isolated from the femur and tibia to observe the self-renewal and differentiation capacities using colony-forming unit fibroblastic (CFU-F), colony-forming unit adipocyte (CFU-Adipo) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. In addition, microarray of bMSCs ex vivo was measured two weeks after ICA treatment and analyzed by heatmap and pathway analysis. The signaling pathway was further explored by western blot assay and inhibitors of p38 and ERK: SB203508 and PD98059. Results: [Formula: see text]CT displayed a decrease in bone mass for three months after OVX. ICA treatment increased the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), osteoblast number while decreased osteoclast number, elevating osteocalcin (OC) protein levels in vivo and facilitating the self-renewal and osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs ex vivo. Microarray data indicated ICA rescued several gene expressions that were dysregulated by OVX. Pathway analysis revealed that the core genes acted by ICA were highly involved in MAPK signaling pathway. Further study demonstrated ICA suppressed ERK while stimulated p38 phosphorylation to promote osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Conclusion: ICA promotes osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs in OVX mice. MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Shen
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
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20
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BMP-2 and icariin synergistically promote p38MAPK-mediated cardiomyocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via enhanced NOX4-driven ROS generation. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Wang D, Xu W, Chen X, Han J, Yu L, Gao C, Hao W, Liu X, Zheng Q, Li D. Icariin induces cell differentiation and cell cycle arrest in mouse melanoma B16 cells via Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99504-99513. [PMID: 29245919 PMCID: PMC5725110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a major component isolated from Epimedium brevicornum. Emerging evidence shows that ICA can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration. However, the anti-cancer effect of ICA on B16 cells has not been fully investigated. Here we found that the proliferation of B16 cells was inhibited by ICA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the colony formation of B16 cells was also inhibited by ICA in a concentration-dependent manner. Further study showed that the melanin content was increased and the tyrosinase (Tyr) activity was enhanced after ICA treatment in B16 cells. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of Tyr, Trp1 and Trp2 and the protein level of MITF were increased in ICA-treated B16 cells. In addition, the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was increased and the protein levels of Cyclin A, CDK2 and p21 were decreased in ICA-treated B16 cells. Finally, we found that ICA increased down-regulated the Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38, p-p38, and p-JNK protein levels in B16 cells when compared with the control group. Taken together, these results indicated that ICA could induce B16 cell differentiation and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through inhibiting Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jichun Han
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Yu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
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22
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Hao T, Li J, Yao F, Dong D, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang C. Injectable Fullerenol/Alginate Hydrogel for Suppression of Oxidative Stress Damage in Brown Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Cardiac Repair. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5474-5488. [PMID: 28590722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell implantation strategy has exhibited potential to treat the myocardial infarction (MI), however, the low retention and survival limit their applications due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) microenvironment after MI. In this study, the fullerenol nanoparticles are introduced into alginate hydrogel to create an injectable cell delivery vehicle with antioxidant activity. Results suggest that the prepared hydrogels exhibit excellent injectable and mechanical strength. In addition, the fullerenol/alginate hydrogel can effectively scavenge the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Based on these results, the biological behaviors of brown adipose-derived stem cells (BADSCs) seeded in fullerenol/alginate hydrogel were investigated in the presence of H2O2. Results suggest that the fullerenol/alginate hydrogels have no cytotoxicity effects on BADSCs. Moreover, they can suppress the oxidative stress damage of BADSCs and improve their survival capacity under ROS microenvironment via activating the ERK and p38 pathways while inhibiting JNK pathway. Further, the addition of fullerenol can improve the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BADSCs even under ROS microenvironment. To assess its therapeutic effects in vivo, the fullerenol/alginate hydrogel loaded with BADSCs were implanted in the MI area in rats. Results suggest that the fullerenol/alginate hydrogel can effectively decrease ROS level in MI zone, improve the retention and survival of implanted BADSCs, and induce angiogenesis, which in turn promote cardiac functional recovery. Therefore, the fullerenol/alginate hydrogel can act as injectable cell delivery vehicles for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Hao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dianyu Dong
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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23
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Abstract
Although As2O3 (ATO) has been recommended as the front-line agent for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), particularly for relapsed or refractory APL, it has been associated with profound toxicity. Icariin is a natural compound with activity against a variety of cancers. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Icariin on APL cells and to determine whether Icariin can potentiate the antitumor activity of ATO in APL cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related molecules was detected by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined with florescence staining. Icariin inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in both of the tested APL cell lines. Icariin enhanced the in vitro antitumor activity of ATO against APL. The antitumor activity of Icariin and its enhancement of the antitumor activity of ATO correlated with the increase in accumulation of intracellular ROS. Our results showed that Icariin, by increasing intracellular ROS, exhibited antitumor activity and potentiated the antitumor activity of ATO against APL. Therefore, combination treatment with Icariin and ATO might offer a novel therapeutic option for patients with APL, although further studies are needed.
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24
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Zheng B, Wang J, Tang L, Tan C, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Ge R, Zhu D. Involvement of Rictor/mTORC2 in cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:110-121. [PMID: 28123351 PMCID: PMC5264266 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rictor is a key regulatory/structural subunit of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and is required for phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473. It plays an important role in cell survival, actin cytoskeleton organization and other processes in embryogenesis. However, the role of Rictor/mTORC2 in the embryonic cardiac differentiation has been uncovered. In the present study, we examined a possible link between Rictor expression and cardiomyocyte differentiation of the mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Knockdown of Rictor by shRNA significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 followed by a decrease in cardiomyocyte differentiation detected by beating embryoid bodies. The protein levels of brachyury (mesoderm protein), Nkx2.5 (cardiac progenitor cell protein) and α-Actinin (cardiomyocyte biomarker) decreased in Rictor knockdown group during cardiogenesis. Furthermore, knockdown of Rictor specifically inhibited the ventricular-like cells differentiation of mES cells with reduced level of ventricular-specific protein, MLC-2v. Meanwhile, patch-clamp analysis revealed that shRNA-Rictor significantly increased the number of cardiomyocytes with abnormal electrophysiology. In addition, the expressions and distribution patterns of cell-cell junction proteins (Cx43/Desmoplakin/N-cadherin) were also affected in shRNA-Rictor cardiomyocytes. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Rictor/mTORC2 might play an important role in the cardiomyocyte differentiation of mES cells. Knockdown of Rictor resulted in inhibiting ventricular-like myocytes differentiation and induced arrhythmias symptom, which was accompanied by interfering the expression and distribution patterns of cell-cell junction proteins. Rictor/mTORC2 might become a new target for regulating cardiomyocyte differentiation and a useful reference for application of the induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, CHINA
| | - Jiadan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, CHINA
| | - Leilei Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, CHINA
| | - Chao Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, CHINA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Undergraduate students in Research Training Project at Zhejiang University
| | - Yi Xiao
- Undergraduate students in Research Training Project at Zhejiang University
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.; Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, CHINA
| | - Danyan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, CHINA
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25
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Song YH, Cai H, Zhao ZM, Chang WJ, Gu N, Cao SP, Wu ML. Icariin attenuated oxidative stress induced-cardiac apoptosis by mitochondria protection and ERK activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1089-1094. [PMID: 27551754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that Icariin (ICA) has anti-cardiac hypertrophy effect in rats with an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the cardiac protective effect and mechanism of ICA in vitro. H9C2 cardiac myocytes were incubated with H2O2 to build up the oxidative stress injury model. The results showed that pre-treatment of ICA protected cells against the toxicity induced by H2O2. H2O2 treatment significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis, evidenced by lower Annexin V/PI stained cells and less PARP and caspase-3/9 activation. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) dissipation occurred following the exposure of H2O2, which could be prevented by ICA treatment. Moreover, Ca2+ homeostasis was preserved by ICA and ROS generation was significantly suppressed by ICA incubation. Interestingly, ICA treatment increased the phosphorylation of upstream ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) while ERK inhibitor U1026 could reverse the protective effect of ICA. Overall, ICA seems to protect the cardiac cells from oxidative stress injury through ROS scavenge and stimulation of ERK pathway which may explain its effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hong Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinling Road, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshandong Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshandong Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshandong Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinling Road, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Shou-Pei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinling Road, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Meng-Ling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinling Road, Nanjing 210001, China
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26
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Wu B, Yu H, Wang Y, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Li T, Li L, Zhang W, Ge L, Chen Y, Ho CK, Zhu D, Huang X, Lou Y. Peroxiredoxin-2 nitrosylation facilitates cardiomyogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells via XBP-1s/PI3K pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:179-191. [PMID: 27261193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification in almost all biological systems. However, its function on stem cell biology is so far incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx-2) nitrosylation was involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We found that temporary GSNO exposure could promote ES cell-derived cardiomyogenesis. Using a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics approach, coupled with biotin switch technique, a total of 104 nitrosylated proteins were identified. Specifically, one of the antioxidant enzymes, Prdx-2, was abundantly nitrosylated and temporarily reduced in antioxidant activity, causing transient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and subsequent X-box binding protein-1s/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation. The present study reveals the mechanism in which GSNO favors cardiomyocyte differentiation. Prdx-2 nitrosylation could be a potent strategy to affect the pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Ge
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Choe Kyong Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of International Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Haeju Medical University, Haeju, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Danyan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Yijia Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fang H, Cong L, Zhi Y, Xu H, Jia X, Peng S. T-2 toxin inhibits murine ES cells cardiac differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis by ROS and p-38 MAPK-mediated pathway. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:259-266. [PMID: 27363784 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of T-2 toxin on murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cardiac differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro. METHODS Cardiac differentiation of the mouse ESCs was initiated by embryoid bodies (EBs) formation in hanging drops. EBs were exposed to 0.5ng/ml T-2 toxin for 24, 72 and 120h. Cultures were observed daily for the appearance of contracting clusters, and cardiac-specific protein (α-actiniin) were measured by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission EM photography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored by H2-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (H2DCF-DA). The phosphorylation of the p38 (p-p38) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis proteins, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COXIV) were analyzed using Western blot. In some experiments, mESCs were pre-treated with the antioxidant Trolox (200μM) for 30min, then exposed to Trolox (200μM) and T-2 toxin (0.5ng/ml) for 72h. RESULTS Contracting clusters were observed under the microscope light and cardiac-specific protein (α-actinin) expressed positively indicated mESCs directly differentiated in cardiomyocytes. However, the cardiac differentiation was inhibited by T-2 toxin treatment 72 and 120h. ROS accumulated in murine ES cells in a time-dependent manner. The expression of p-p38 significantly increased in 24h group and decrease in 72 and 120h groups. The decrease of mitochondrial number and the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins expression, including PGC-1α, NRF-1, mtTFA, and COXIV decreased in a time-dependent manner with T-2 toxin treatment. However, the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis by T-2 toxin in differentiated mESCs was recovered significantly in the presence of the antioxidant Trolox. CONCLUSION Taken together, T-2 toxin decreased the expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, and mtTFA, inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis, and then inhibited the cardiac differentiation of murine ES cells, and the effect was partly responsible for the p38 MAPK mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Fang
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liangzi Cong
- Huaiyin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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28
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Zhang YY, Tang LL, Zheng B, Ge RS, Zhu DY. Protein profiles of cardiomyocyte differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:726-40. [PMID: 26178269 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic contaminant that may affect diverse systems in animals and humans, including the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the mechanism by which it affects the biological systems. Herein, we used embryonic stem cell test procedure as a tool to assess the developmental cardiotoxicity of PFOS. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics that combines the stable isotope labeling of amino acids with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results of the embryonic stem cell test procedure suggested that PFOS was a weak embryotoxic chemical. Nevertheless, a few marker proteins related to cardiovascular development (Brachyury, GATA4, MEF2C, α-actinin) were significantly reduced by exposure to PFOS. In total, 176 differential proteins were identified by proteomics analysis, of which 67 were upregulated and 109 were downregulated. Gene ontology annotation classified these proteins into 13 groups by molecular functions, 12 groups by cellular locations and 10 groups by biological processes. Most proteins were mainly relevant to either catalytic activity (25.6%), nucleus localization (28.9%) or to cellular component organization (19.8%). Pathway analysis revealed that 32 signaling pathways were affected, particularly these involved in metabolism. Changes in five proteins, including L-threonine dehydrogenase, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5, superoxide dismutase 2, and DNA methyltransferase 3b and 3a were confirmed by Western blotting, suggesting the reliability of the technique. These results revealed potential new targets of PFOS on the developmental cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Lei Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine and the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Er-Xian Decoction Stimulates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ovariectomized Mice and Its Gene Profile Analysis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4079210. [PMID: 27064269 PMCID: PMC4811212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4079210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) and gene profiles regulated by Er-Xian Decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula widely used for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. Six-month-old female Imprinting Control Region mice that underwent ovariectomy were treated with EXD. After 3 months, bone mass was evaluated by μCT and histological and immunohistochemical detection. The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of bMSCs were evaluated by colony-forming unit-fibroblastic, colony-forming unit-adipocyte, and alkaline phosphatase staining. In addition, the expression of 26991 genes of bMSCs ex vivo at 2 weeks after EXD-treatment or of bMSCs in vitro after exposure to conditioned serum from EXD-treated rats was measured and analyzed using NimbleGen Gene Expression Profiling and Cluster and pathway analysis. EXD treatment increased bone mass, elevating osteocalcin protein levels in vivo and facilitating the self-renewal and osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs ex vivo. EXD rescued several gene expressions that were dysregulated by OVX. These genes overlapped and their functions were involved in ten pathways between ex vivo and in vitro experiments. EXD exerts an osteogenic effect on bMSCs in OVX induced osteoporotic mice. Our results contribute to further study of its molecular mechanism and traditional use in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Icariin displays anticancer activity against human esophageal cancer cells via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21145. [PMID: 26892033 PMCID: PMC4759694 DOI: 10.1038/srep21145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of icariin (ICA) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in vitro and in vivo and explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling in this activity. ICA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the viability of human EC109 and TE1 ESCCs. Additionally, ICA exhibited strong antitumor activity, as evidenced by reductions in cell migration, adhesion, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and by increases in the EC109 and TE1 cell apoptotic index, Caspase 9 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Furthermore, ICA treatments upregulated the levels of ERS-related molecules (p-PERK, GRP78, ATF4, p-eIF2α, and CHOP) and a pro-apoptotic protein (PUMA) and simultaneously downregulated an anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl2) in the two ESCC cell lines. The downregulation of ERS signaling using eIF2α siRNA desensitized EC109 and TE1 cells to ICA treatment, and the upregulation of ERS signaling using thapsigargin sensitized EC109 and TE1 cells to ICA treatment. In summary, ERS activation may represent a mechanism of action for the anticancer activity of ICA in ESCCs, and the activation of ERS signaling may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for human esophageal cancer.
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31
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Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the activity of icariin against human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2016; 20:1229-41. [PMID: 26049256 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of icariin (ICA) against human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) signaling in this process. ICA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the viability of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Additionally, ICA exhibited potent anticancer activity, as evidenced by reductions in A549 cell adhesion, migration and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and increases in the apoptotic index, Caspase 3 activity, and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ICA treatment increased the expression of ERS-related molecules (p-PERK, ATF6, GRP78, p-eIF2α, and CHOP), up-regulated the apoptosis-related protein PUMA and down-regulated the anti-apoptosis-related protein Bcl2. The down-regulation of ERS signaling using PERK siRNA desensitized lung adenocarcinoma cells to ICA treatment, whereas the up-regulation of ERS signaling using thapsigargin (THA) sensitized lung adenocarcinoma cells to ICA treatment. Additionally, ICA inhibited the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell xenografts by increasing the expression of ERS-related molecules (p-PERK and CHOP), up-regulating PUMA, and down-regulating Bcl2. These data indicate that ICA is a potential inhibitor of lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by targeting ERS signaling and suggest that the activation of ERS signaling may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for lung adenocarcinoma.
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32
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Kokkinopoulos I, Ishida H, Saba R, Coppen S, Suzuki K, Yashiro K. Cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells using a simple and defined protocol. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Hidekazu Ishida
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Rie Saba
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Steven Coppen
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schade
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative
Medicines, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43183, Sweden
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34
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Chen XJ, Tang ZH, Li XW, Xie CX, Lu JJ, Wang YT. Chemical Constituents, Quality Control, and Bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:783-834. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo in Chinese) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Its main active components are flavonoids, which exhibit multiple biological activities, such as promotion of bone formation and sexual function, protection of the nervous system, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids also show anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Various effective methods, including genetic and chemical approaches, have been developed for the quality control of Yinyanghuo. In this review, the studies conducted in the last decade about the chemical constituents, quality control, and bioactivity of Yinyanghuo are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xi-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cai-Xiang Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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35
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Ren F, Wang K, Zhang T, Jiang J, Nice EC, Huang C. New insights into redox regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1518-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Controlling Redox Status for Stem Cell Survival, Expansion, and Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:105135. [PMID: 26273419 PMCID: PMC4530287 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as pathological agents inducing apoptosis under adverse culture conditions. However, recent findings have challenged this dogma and physiological levels of ROS are now considered as secondary messengers, mediating numerous cellular functions in stem cells. Stem cells represent important tools for tissue engineering, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, the safe use of stem cells for clinical applications still requires culture improvements to obtain functional cells. With the examples of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), this review investigates the roles of ROS in the maintenance of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. In addition, this work highlights that the tight control of stem cell microenvironment, including cell organization, and metabolic and mechanical environments, may be an effective approach to regulate endogenous ROS generation. Taken together, this paper indicates the need for better quantification of ROS towards the accurate control of stem cell fate.
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37
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Ren YB, Huang JH, Cai WJ, Shen ZY. Shen-Jing as a Chinese Medicine Concept Might Be a Counterpart of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 25:64-70. [PMID: 26142336 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As the epitome of the modern regenerative medicine, stem cells were proposed in the basic sense no more than 200 years ago. However, the concept of "stem cells" existed long before the modern medical description. The hypothesis that all things, including our sentient body, were generated from a small origin was shared between Western and Chinese people. The ancient Chinese philosophers considered Jing (also known as essence) as the origin of life. In Chinese medicine (CM), Jing is mainly stored in Kidney (Shen) and the so-called Shen-Jing (Kidney essence). Here, we propose that Shen-Jing is the CM term used to express the meaning of "origin and regeneration". This theoretical discovery has at least two applications. First, the actions underlying causing Shen-Jing deficiency, such as excess sexual intercourse, chronic diseases, and aging, might damage the function of stem cells. Second, a large number of Chinese herbs with Shen-Jing-nourishing efficacy had been proven to affect stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, if Shen-Jing in CM is equivalent with stem cells in regenerative medicine, higher effective modulators for regulating stem-cell behaviors from Kidney-tonifying herbs would be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Ren
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wai-Jiao Cai
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zi-Yin Shen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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38
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Talkhabi M, Pahlavan S, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Ascorbic acid promotes the direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into beating cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:699-705. [PMID: 26047705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the direct conversion of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes suggest this process as a novel promising approach for cardiac cell-based therapies. Here, by screening the effects of 10 candidate small molecules along with transient overexpression of Yamanaka factors, we show ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, enhances reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into beating cardiomyocytes. Immunostaining and gene expression analyses for pluripotency and cardiac lineage markers confirmed beating patches were derived from non-cardiac lineage cells without passing through a pluripotent intermediate. Further analysis revealed that AA also increased the size of the beating areas and the number of cardiac progenitors. Immunostaining for cardiac markers, as well as electrophysiological analysis confirmed the functionality of directly converted cardiomyocytes. These results illustrate the importance of AA in direct conversion of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes and may open new insights into future biomedical applications for induced cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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Li C, Li Q, Mei Q, Lu T. Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic properties of icariin, the major bioactive component in Herba Epimedii. Life Sci 2015; 126:57-68. [PMID: 25634110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is an important medicinal plant which has been used in various traditional Chinese formulations for thousands of years as well as in modern proprietary traditional Chinese medicine products. It has extensive clinical indications, especially for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis. There have been more than 260 chemical moieties identified in the genus Epimedium most of which belong to flavonoids. Icariin is the most abundant constituent in Herba Epimedii. Icariin is pharmacologically bioactive and demonstrates extensive therapeutic capacities such as osteoprotective effect, neuroprotective effect, cardiovascular protective effect, anti-cancer effect, anti-inflammation effect, immunoprotective effect and reproductive function. Particularly, the significant osteogenic effect of icariin made it a promising drug candidate in bone tissue engineering. The current review paper aims to summarize the literatures reporting the pharmacological effects of icariin. The pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive ingredients in Herba Epimedii have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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40
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Bigarella CL, Liang R, Ghaffari S. Stem cells and the impact of ROS signaling. Development 2015; 141:4206-18. [PMID: 25371358 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for stem cell function during both early development and tissue homeostasis throughout life. Recent evidence from both pluripotent embryonic and adult stem cell studies suggests that this balance is partly regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in synchrony with metabolism, mediate the cellular redox state. In this Primer, we summarize what ROS are and how they are generated in the cell, as well as their downstream molecular targets. We then review recent findings that provide molecular insights into how ROS signaling can influence stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment, and discuss the implications of this for reprogramming and stem cell ageing. We conclude that ROS signaling is an emerging key regulator of multiple stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Bigarella
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raymond Liang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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41
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Wang ZC, Sun HJ, Li KH, Fu C, Liu MZ. Icariin promotes directed chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells but not hypertrophy in vitro.. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1528-1534. [PMID: 25289054 PMCID: PMC4186337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been demonstrated to be a promoting compound for extracellular matrix synthesis and gene expression of chondrocytes. However, whether ICA can act as a substitute for or cooperate with growth factors to directly promote stable chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains unknown. In the present study, rat BMSCs were cultivated in monolayer cultures with a chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-β3 for 14 days; ICA was added to the same chondrogenic medium throughout the culture period at a concentration of 1×10−6 M. Cell morphology was observed using an inverted microscope, and chondrogenic differentiation markers, including collagen II, aggrecan and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), were detected by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Hypertrophic differentiation was also analyzed using collagen I gene expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The results revealed that ICA was effective at forming an increased number of and larger aggregates, and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels and protein synthesis of collagen II, aggrecan and SOX9. Furthermore, the chondrogenic medium alone caused hypertrophic differentiation through the upregulation of collagen I gene expression and ALP activity, which was not potentiated by the presence of ICA. Thus, ICA promoted directed chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but had no effect on hypertrophic differentiation. The present results also suggested that ICA may be an effective accelerant of growth factors for cartilage tissue engineering by promoting their chondrogenic differentiating effects but reducing the effect of hypertrophic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mo Zhen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Beneficial Effect of Astragalosides on Stroke Condition Using PC12 Cells under Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:825-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cho SW, Park JS, Heo HJ, Park SW, Song S, Kim I, Han YM, Yamashita JK, Youm JB, Han J, Koh GY. Dual modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and redox signaling synergistically promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000693. [PMID: 24627421 PMCID: PMC4187507 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocytes that differentiate from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a crucial cellular resource for cardiac regeneration. The mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolic and redox regulation for efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation are, however, still poorly understood. Here, we show that inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by Cyclosporin A (CsA) promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from PSCs. Methods and Results We induced cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse and human PSCs and examined the effect of CsA on the differentiation process. The cardiomyogenic effect of CsA mainly resulted from mPTP inhibition rather than from calcineurin inhibition. The mPTP inhibitor NIM811, which does not have an inhibitory effect on calcineurin, promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation as much as CsA did, but calcineurin inhibitor FK506 only slightly increased cardiomyocyte differentiation. CsA‐treated cells showed an increase in mitochondrial calcium, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, ATP level, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism reduced the cardiomyogenic effect of CsA while antioxidant treatment augmented the cardiomyogenic effect of CsA. Conclusions Our data show that mPTP inhibition by CsA alters mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and redox signaling, which leads to differentiation of functional cardiomyocytes from PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Cho
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cell, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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Huang JH, Cai WJ, Zhang XM, Shen ZY. Icariin promotes self-renewal of neural stem cells: An involvement of extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:107-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mao XY, Bian Q, Shen ZY. [Analysis of the osteogenetic effects exerted on mesenchymal stem cell strain C3H10T1/2 by icariin via MAPK signaling pathway in vitro]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 10:1272-8. [PMID: 23158946 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of icariin, an effective extract from traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium pubescens with the function of tonifying kidney, in promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS After culture with icariin (0, 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) and osteogenic supplement for 26 d in vitro, osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. The RNA was extracted from cells cultured with 10(-5) mol/L icariin for 2, 8, 24 and 48 hours, and mRNA expressions of p38, p42 and p44 were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Three main proteins of MAPK signaling pathway (p38, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), also named p42/44) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and their phospho-products were examined using Western blotting after icariin treatments of 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. RESULTS Icariin at a dose of 10(-5) mol/L, when combined with the osteogenic supplement, had the best ability to promote osteogenic differentiation on C3H10T1/2 cells. Based on real-time PCR, the authors found that after two-hour ICA treatment, the gene expression of p38 revealed a significant decline compared with the control group (P<0.01). The levels of p42 and p44 mRNAs were decreased greatly after two-hour ICA treatment, while increased after 48-hour ICA treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference at other time points (P>0.05). Phospho-p42 was decreased after 10-minute icariin treatment, while phospho-p38 expression displayed an increase after 10- and 30-minute of treatment with icariin. There was no notable difference in phospho-JNK expression at these four time points. CONCLUSION Icariin promotes differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 into osteoblasts, and its effect is related to the restraining of ERK expression and activation of p38 expression in the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Hadjal Y, Hadadeh O, Yazidi CEI, Barruet E, Binétruy B. A p38MAPK-p53 cascade regulates mesodermal differentiation and neurogenesis of embryonic stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e737. [PMID: 23887628 PMCID: PMC3730419 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate in vivo and in vitro into all cell lineages, and they have been proposed as cellular therapy for human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling ESC commitment toward specific lineages need to be specified. We previously found that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway inhibits neurogenesis and is necessary to mesodermal formation during the critical first 5 days of mouse ESC commitment. This period corresponds to the expression of specific master genes that direct ESC into each of the three embryonic layers. By both chemical and genetic approaches, we found now that, during this phase, the p38MAPK pathway stabilizes the p53 protein level and that interfering directly with p53 mimics the effects of p38MAPK inhibition on ESC differentiation. Anti-p53 siRNA transient transfections stimulate Bcl2 and Pax6 gene expressions, leading to increased ESC neurogenesis compared with control transfections. Conversely, p53 downregulation leads to a strong inhibition of the mesodermal master genes Brachyury and Mesp1 affecting cardiomyogenesis and skeletal myogenesis of ESCs. Similar results were found with p53−/− ESCs compared with their wild-type counterparts. In addition, knockout p53 ESCs show impaired smooth muscle cell and adipocyte formation. Use of anti-Nanog siRNAs demonstrates that certain of these regulations result partially to p53-dependent repression of Nanog gene expression. In addition to its well-known role in DNA-damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle control and tumor suppression, p53 has also been involved in vivo in embryonic development; our results show now that p53 mediates, at least for a large part, the p38MAPK control of the early commitment of ESCs toward mesodermal and neural lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hadjal
- INSERM U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Law SK, Leung CSL, Yau KL, Tse CL, Wong CK, Leung FP, Mascheck L, Huang Y, Sauer H, Tsang SY. Regulation of multiple transcription factors by reactive oxygen species and effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines released during myocardial infarction on cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3458-72. [PMID: 23706318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of how reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate cardiac differentiation in the long-run is unclear and the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted during myocardial infarction on the cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is unknown. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of ROS on cardiac differentiation and the regulations of transcription factors in ESC differentiation cultures and 2) to investigate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the expression of cardiac structural genes and whether this effect is mediated through ROS signaling. METHODS ESCs were differentiated using hanging drop method. Degree of cardiac differentiation was determined by the appearance of beating embryoid bodies (EBs) and by the expression of cardiac genes using real-time PCR and Western blot. Intracellular ROS level was examined by confocal imaging. RESULTS H2O2-treated EBs were found to have enhanced cardiac differentiation in the long run as reflected by, firstly, an earlier appearance of beating EBs, and secondly, an upregulation in cardiac structural protein expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Also, ROS upregulated the expression of several cardiac-related transcription factors, and increased the post-translationally-activated transcription factors SRF and AP-1. IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α upregulated the expression of cardiac structural proteins and increased the ROS level in differentiating EBs. In addition, ROS scavenger reversed the cardiogenic effect of IL-10 and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that ROS enhance cardiac differentiation of ESCs through upregulating the expression and activity of multiple cardiac-related transcription factors. IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α enhance cardiac differentiation and ROS may serve as the messenger in cardiogenic signaling from these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Kwan Law
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Murray TVA, Smyrnias I, Shah AM, Brewer AC. NADPH oxidase 4 regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation via redox activation of c-Jun protein and the cis-regulation of GATA-4 gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15745-59. [PMID: 23589292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can modulate cellular phenotype and function in part through the redox modulation of the activity of transcription factors. We demonstrate here the potential of Nox4 to drive cardiomyocyte differentiation in pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells, and we show that this involves the redox activation of c-Jun. This in turn acts to up-regulate GATA-4 expression, one of the earliest markers of cardiotypic differentiation, through a defined and highly conserved cis-acting motif within the GATA-4 promoter. These data therefore suggest a mechanism whereby ROS act in pluripotential cells in vivo to regulate the initial transcription of critical tissue-restricted determinant(s) of the cardiomyocyte phenotype, including GATA-4. The ROS-dependent activation, mediated by Nox4, of widely expressed redox-regulated transcription factors, such as c-Jun, is fundamental to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V A Murray
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Zhou L, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zheng B, Lou Y, Zhu D. mGluR5 stimulating Homer-PIKE formation initiates icariin induced cardiomyogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating reactive oxygen species. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1505-14. [PMID: 23524143 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) has been reported to facilitate cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells; however, the mechanism by which ICA induced cardiomyogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, an underlying signaling network including metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), Homer, phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Enhancer (PIKE), phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was investigated in ICA induced cardiomyogenesis. Our results showed that the co-expression of mGluR5 together with α-actinin or Troponin T in embryoid bodies (EBs) treated with ICA was elevated to 10.86% and 9.62%, compared with the case in the control (4.04% and 3.45%, respectively). Exposure of EBs to ICA for 2 h remarkably increased the dimeric form of mGluR5, which was inhibited by small interfering RNA targeting mGluR5 (si-mGluR5). Moreover, the extracellular glutamate concentration in ICA treatment medium was elevated to 28.9±3.5 μM. Furthermore, the activation of mGluR5 by ICA triggered the formation of Homer-PIKE complex and activated PI3K, stimulating ROS generation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Knockdown of mGluR5 or inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 blocked ICA induced cardiomyogenesis via repressing mGluR5 pathway, reducing ROS and NF-κB activation. These results revealed that the inducible mechanisms of ICA were related to activate mGluR5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang K, Zhang T, Dong Q, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Redox homeostasis: the linchpin in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e537. [PMID: 23492768 PMCID: PMC3613828 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their unique ability of self-renewal to maintain the so-called stem cell pool. Over the past decades, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as toxic aerobic metabolism byproducts that are harmful to stem cells, leading to DNA damage, senescence or cell death. Recently, a growing body of literature has shown that stem cells reside in redox niches with low ROS levels. The balance of Redox homeostasis facilitates stem cell self-renewal by an intricate network. Thus, to fully decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal, it is critical to address the important role of redox homeostasis in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. In this regard, we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved in the subtly orchestrated balance of redox status in stem cells by scavenger antioxidant enzyme systems that are well monitored by the hypoxia niches and crucial redox regulators including forkhead homeobox type O family (FoxOs), apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). We will also introduce several pivotal ROS-sensitive molecules, such as hypoxia-inducible factors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and p53, involved in the redox-regulated stem cell self-renewal. Specifically, all the aforementioned molecules can act as ‘redox sensors' by virtue of redox modifications of their cysteine residues, which are critically important in the control of protein function. Given the importance of redox homeostasis in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved will provide important new insights into stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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