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Guan PP, Cao LL, Yang Y, Wang P. Calcium Ions Aggravate Alzheimer's Disease Through the Aberrant Activation of Neuronal Networks, Leading to Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:757515. [PMID: 34924952 PMCID: PMC8674839 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to the formation of β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although calcium ions (Ca2+) promote the formation of APs and NFTs, no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD has been published. Therefore, the current review aimed to fill the gaps between elevated Ca2+ levels and the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, we mainly focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the neuronal networks of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, neurogenesis, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Furthermore, the roles of Ca2+ transporters located in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosome in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on activating neuronal networks that ultimately contribute to the development and progression of AD are discussed. Finally, the drug candidates derived from herbs used as food or seasoning in Chinese daily life are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Glaser T, Shimojo H, Ribeiro DE, Martins PPL, Beco RP, Kosinski M, Sampaio VFA, Corrêa-Velloso J, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Lameu C, de Jesus Santos AP, de Souza HDN, Teng YD, Kageyama R, Ulrich H. ATP and spontaneous calcium oscillations control neural stem cell fate determination in Huntington's disease: a novel approach for cell clock research. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2633-2650. [PMID: 32350390 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium, the most versatile second messenger, regulates essential biology including crucial cellular events in embryogenesis. We investigated impacts of calcium channels and purinoceptors on neuronal differentiation of normal mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with outcomes being compared to those of in vitro models of Huntington's disease (HD). Intracellular calcium oscillations tracked via real-time fluorescence and luminescence microscopy revealed a significant correlation between calcium transient activity and rhythmic proneuronal transcription factor expression in ESCs stably expressing ASCL-1 or neurogenin-2 promoters fused to luciferase reporter genes. We uncovered that pharmacological manipulation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and purinoceptors induced a two-step process of neuronal differentiation. Specifically, L-type calcium channel-mediated augmentation of spike-like calcium oscillations first promoted stable expression of ASCL-1 in differentiating ESCs, which following P2Y2 purinoceptor activation matured into GABAergic neurons. By contrast, there was neither spike-like calcium oscillations nor responsive P2Y2 receptors in HD-modeling stem cells in vitro. The data shed new light on mechanisms underlying neurogenesis of inhibitory neurons. Moreover, our approach may be tailored to identify pathogenic triggers of other developmental neurological disorders for devising targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Pereira Beco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Kosinski
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Translative Plataform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Juliana Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yang D Teng
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Sohn JO, Seong SY, Kim HJ, Jo YM, Lee KH, Chung MK, Song HJ, Park KS, Lim JM. Alterations in intracellular Ca 2+ levels in human endometrial stromal cells after decidualization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:318-324. [PMID: 31153638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important element for many physiological functions of the uterus, including embryo implantation. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of altered intracellular Ca2+ levels in decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells (hEMSCs). hEMSCs showed high levels of mesenchymal stem cell marker expression (CD73, CD90, and CD105) and did not express markers of hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR). Decidualization is a process of ovarian steroid-induced endometrial stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Several types of ion channels, which are regulated by the ovarian hormones progesterone and estradiol, as well as growth factors, are important for endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. The combined application of progesterone (1 μM medroxyprogesterone acetate) and cyclic AMP (0.5 mM) for 6 days not only elevated inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release and IP3R expression, it also promoted ORAI and STIM expression as well as cyclopiazonic acid-induced Ca2+ release. Finally, intracellular Ca2+ levels and ion channel gene expression influenced hEMSC proliferation. These results suggest that cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics, mediated by specific ion channels, serve as an important step in the decidualization of hEMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ohn Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea; Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Seung Yong Seong
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, 25159, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Jo
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Lee
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Chung
- Seoul Rachel Fertility Center, Seoul, 04146, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Song
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, 25159, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
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4
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Zheng M, Kim DY, Sung JH. Ion channels and transporters in adipose-derived stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Fontana JM, Khodus GR, Unnersjö-Jess D, Blom H, Aperia A, Brismar H. Spontaneous calcium activity in metanephric mesenchymal cells regulates branching morphogenesis in the embryonic kidney. FASEB J 2018; 33:4089-4096. [PMID: 30496703 PMCID: PMC6404591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The central role of calcium signaling during development of early vertebrates is well documented, but little is known about its role in mammalian embryogenesis. We have used immunofluorescence and time-lapse calcium imaging of cultured explanted embryonic rat kidneys to study the role of calcium signaling for branching morphogenesis. In mesenchymal cells, we recorded spontaneous calcium activity that was characterized by irregular calcium transients. The calcium signals were dependent on release of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum. Down-regulation of the calcium activity, both by blocking the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and by chelating cytosolic calcium, resulted in retardation of branching morphogenesis and a reduced formation of primitive nephrons but had no effect on cell proliferation. We propose that spontaneous calcium activity contributes with a stochastic factor to the self-organizing process that controls branching morphogenesis, a major determinant of the ultimate number of nephrons in the kidney.-Fontana, J. M., Khodus, G. R., Unnersjö-Jess, D., Blom, H., Aperia, A., Brismar, H. Spontaneous calcium activity in metanephric mesenchymal cells regulates branching morphogenesis in the embryonic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo M Fontana
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Georgiy R Khodus
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anita Aperia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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6
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Vieira MS, Santos AK, Vasconcellos R, Goulart VAM, Parreira RC, Kihara AH, Ulrich H, Resende RR. Neural stem cell differentiation into mature neurons: Mechanisms of regulation and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1946-1970. [PMID: 30077716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of stem cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the possibilities of applications in cell-based therapies such as tissue recomposition in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to stem cells found in the embryo, various adult organs and tissues have niches of stem cells in an undifferentiated state. In the central nervous system of adult mammals, neurogenesis occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The generation of the different neural lines originates in adult neural stem cells that can self-renew or differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons in response to specific stimuli. The regulation of the fate of neural stem cells is a finely controlled process relying on a complex regulatory network that extends from the epigenetic to the translational level and involves extracellular matrix components. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the process of neurogenesis is induced, regulated, and maintained will provide elues for development of novel for strategies for neurodegenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuronal differentiation process by transcription factors, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Zhong W, Chebolu S, Darmani NA. Intracellular emetic signaling evoked by the L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist FPL64176 in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:157-168. [PMID: 29966616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulates processes including apoptotic cell death and side-effects of cancer chemotherapy including vomiting. Currently we explored the emetic mechanisms of FPL64176, an L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) agonist with maximal emetogenic effect at its 10 mg/kg dose. FPL64176 evoked c-Fos immunoreactivity in shrew brainstem sections containing the vomit-associated nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. FPL64176 also increased phosphorylation of proteins ERK1/2, PKCα/βII and Akt in the brainstem. Moreover, their corresponding inhibitors (PD98059, GF 109203X and LY294002, respectively) reduced FPL64176-evoked vomiting. A 30 min subcutaneous (s.c.) pretreatment with the LTCC antagonist nifedipine (10 mg/kg) abolished FPL64176-elicited vomiting, c-Fos expression, and emetic effector phosphorylation. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) mediate intracellular Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. The RyR antagonist dantrolene (i.p.), or a combination of low doses of nifedipine and dantrolene, but not the IP3R antagonist 2-APB, significantly attenuated FPL64176-induced vomiting. The serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist palonosetron (s.c.), the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist netupitant (i.p.) or a combination of non-effective doses of netupitant and palonosetron showed antiemetic potential against FPL64176-evoked vomiting. Serotonin (5-HT) and substance P immunostaining revealed FPL64176-induced emesis was accompanied by an increase in 5-HT but not SP-immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial subdivision of the NTS. These findings demonstrate that Ca2+ mobilization through LTCCs and RyRs, and subsequent emetic effector phosphorylation and 5-HT release play important roles in FPL64176-induced emesis which can be prevented by 5-HT3R and NK1R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Seetha Chebolu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Nissar A Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
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8
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Zhang C, Du L, Pang K, Wu X. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into corneal epithelial progenitor cells under defined conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183303. [PMID: 28813511 PMCID: PMC5557585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell-based therapies using stem cells represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The aim of this study was to develop a novel protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs), with similar features to primary cultured human limbal stem cells (LSCs), using a medium composed of DMEM/F12 and defined keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) (1:1) under different carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in culture. The differentiated cells exhibited a similar morphology to limbal stem cells under 5%, 7%, and 9% CO2 and expressed the LSC markers ABCG-2 and p63; however, CK14 was only expressed in the cells cultured under 7% and 9% CO2. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that the ABCG2, p63, and CK14 levels in the 7% CO2 and 9% CO2 groups were higher than those in the 5% CO2 group and in undifferentiated hESCs (p<0.05). The highest expression of ABCG2 and p63 was exhibited in the cells cultured under 7% CO2 at day 6 of differentiation. Western blotting indicated that the ABCG2 and p63 levels were higher at day 6 than the other time points in the 7% CO2 and 9% CO2 groups. The highest protein expression of ABCG2 and p63 was identified in the 7% CO2 group. The neural cell-specific marker tubulin β3 and the epidermal marker K1/10 were also detected in the differentiated cells via immunofluorescent staining; thus, cell sorting was performed via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and ABCG2-positive cells were isolated as CEPCs. The sorted cells formed three to four layers of epithelioid cells by airlifting culture and expressed ABCG2, p63, CK14, and CK3. In conclusion, the novel induction system conditioned by 7% CO2 in this study may be an effective and feasible method for CEPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liqun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Kelly GM, Gatie MI. Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3684178. [PMID: 28373885 PMCID: PMC5360977 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to focus on the components involved in the gene regulation of stemness and differentiation. As the name implies, ECCs are malignant in nature, yet maintain the ability to differentiate into the 3 germ layers and extraembryonic tissues, as well as behave normally when reintroduced into a healthy blastocyst. Retinoic acid signaling has been thoroughly interrogated in ECCs, especially in the F9 and P19 murine cell models, and while we have touched on this aspect, this review purposely highlights how some key transcription factors regulate pluripotency and cell stemness prior to this signaling. Another major focus is on the epigenetic regulation of ECCs and stem cells, and, towards that end, this review closes on what we see as a new frontier in combating aging and human disease, namely, how cellular metabolism shapes the epigenetic landscape and hence the pluripotency of all stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed I. Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Zhong W, Picca AJ, Lee AS, Darmani NA. Ca2+ signaling and emesis: Recent progress and new perspectives. Auton Neurosci 2017; 202:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang Y, Yang H, Yang Q, Yang J, Wang H, Xu H, Gao WQ. Chemical conversion of mouse fibroblasts into functional dopaminergic neurons. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:283-92. [PMID: 27485858 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of lineage-specific transcription factors facilitates the conversion of mammalian somatic cells into dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which is a promising strategy for cell therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, this approach still has some drawbacks limiting its clinical application due to the potential risks of integrating vectors into the host genome. Therefore, it is critical to seek a more desired approach to generate DA neurons derived from mammalian somatic cells. Here, we report that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) can be efficiently converted into DA neurons by using small molecules along with specific growth factors. These neuron-like cells generate DA neuronal morphology, and acquire immunocytochemical and calcium imaging special for neuronal electrophysiological profile. More importantly, these converted cells can secrete dopamine, indicating that they are functionally similar to DA neurons. Taken together, our study might provide a promising cell source for treating PD by using chemical approach without introduction of exogenous transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovative Research Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Long-term consequences of prenatal stress and neurotoxicants exposure on neurodevelopment. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 155:21-35. [PMID: 27236051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a large consensus that the prenatal environment determines the susceptibility to pathological conditions later in life. The hypothesis most widely accepted is that exposure to insults inducing adverse conditions in-utero may have negative effects on the development of target organs, disrupting homeostasis and increasing the risk of diseases at adulthood. Several models have been proposed to investigate the fetal origins of adult diseases, but although these approaches hold true for almost all diseases, particular attention has been focused on disorders related to the central nervous system, since the brain is particularly sensitive to alterations of the microenvironment during early development. Neurobiological disorders can be broadly divided into developmental, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Even though most of these diseases share genetic risk factors, the onset of the disorders cannot be explained solely by inheritance. Therefore, current understanding presumes that the interactions of environmental input, may lead to different disorders. Among the insults that can play a direct or indirect role in the development of neurobiological disorders are stress, infections, drug abuse, and environmental contaminants. Our laboratories have been involved in the study of the neurobiological impact of gestational stress on the offspring (Dr. Antonelli's lab) and on the effect of gestational exposure to toxicants, mainly methyl mercury (MeHg) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (Dr. Ceccatelli's lab). In this focused review, we will review the specialized literature but we will concentrate mostly on our own work on the long term neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational exposure to stress and neurotoxicants.
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Xu H, Wang Y, He Z, Yang H, Gao WQ. Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to GABAergic neurons with combined medium without the introduction of transcription factors or miRNAs. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2451-60. [PMID: 26114472 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1060382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration or loss of GABAergic neurons frequently may lead to many neuropsychiatric disorders such as epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. So far no clinically effective therapies can slow and halt the progression of these diseases. Cell-replacement therapy is a promising strategy for treatment of these neuropsychiatric diseases. Although increasing evidence showed that mammalian somatic cells can be directly converted into functional neurons using specific transcription factors or miRNAs via virus delivery, the application of these induced neurons is potentially problematic, due to integration of vectors into the host genome, which results in the disruption or dysfunction of nearby genes. Here, we show that mouse fibroblasts could be efficiently reprogrammed into GABAergic neurons in a combined medium composed of conditioned medium from neurotrophin-3 modified Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (NT3-OECs) plus SB431542, GDNF and RA. Following 3 weeks of induction, these cells derived from fibroblasts acquired the morphological and phenotypical GABAerigic neuronal properties, as demonstrated by the expression of neuronal markers including Tuj1, NeuN, Neurofilament-L, GABA, GABA receptors and GABA transporter 1. More importantly, these converted cells acquired neuronal functional properties such as synapse formation and increasing intracellular free calcium influx when treated with BayK, a specific activator of L-type calcium channel. Therefore, our findings demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts can be directly converted into GABAergic neurons without ectopic expression of specific transcription factors or miRNA. This study may provide a promising cell source for the application of cell replacement therapy in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shangha , China
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Choi Y, Park JE, Jeong JS, Park JK, Kim J, Jeon S. Sound Waves Induce Neural Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Ryanodine Receptor-Induced Calcium Release and Pyk2 Activation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:682-694. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Forostyak O, Butenko O, Anderova M, Forostyak S, Sykova E, Verkhratsky A, Dayanithi G. Specific profiles of ion channels and ionotropic receptors define adipose- and bone marrow derived stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:622-34. [PMID: 27062357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent, fibroblastic cells from different tissues are thought to contain subsets of tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells (often called mesenchymal stem cells). These cells display similar cell surface characteristics based on their fibroblastic nature, but also exhibit differences in molecular phenotype, growth rate, and their ability to differentiate into various cell phenotypes. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. We analyzed Ca(2+) signals and membrane properties in rat adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in basal conditions, and then following a switch into medium that contains factors known to modify their character. Modified ADSCs (mADSCs) expressed L-type Ca(2+) channels whereas both L- and P/Q- channels were operational in mBMSCs. Both mADSCs and mBMSCs possessed functional endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores, expressed ryanodine receptor-1 and -3, and exhibited spontaneous [Ca(2+)]i oscillations. The mBMSCs expressed P2X7 purinoceptors; the mADSCs expressed both P2X (but not P2X7) and P2Y (but not P2Y1) receptors. Both types of stromal cells exhibited [Ca(2+)]i responses to vasopressin (AVP) and expressed V1 type receptors. Functional oxytocin (OT) receptors were, in contrast, expressed only in modified ADSCs and BMSCs. AVP and OT-induced [Ca(2+)]i responses were dose-dependent and were blocked by their respective specific receptor antagonists. Electrophysiological data revealed that passive ion currents dominated the membrane conductance in ADSCs and BMSCs. Medium modification led to a significant shift in the reversal potential of passive currents from -40 to -50mV in cells in basal to -80mV in modified cells. Hence membrane conductance was mediated by non-selective channels in cells in basal conditions, whereas in modified medium conditions, it was associated with K(+)-selective channels. Our results indicate that modification of ADSCs and BMSCs by alteration in medium formulation is associated with significant changes in their Ca(2+) signaling and membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Forostyak
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Butenko
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Forostyak
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sykova
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, D.4417 Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Govindan Dayanithi
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1198, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne, Les Patios Saint-Jacques, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France.
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Park KS, Kim SH, Das A, Yang SN, Jung KH, Kim MK, Berggren PO, Lee Y, Chai JC, Kim HJ, Chai YG. TLR3-/4-Priming Differentially Promotes Ca(2+) Signaling and Cytokine Expression and Ca(2+)-Dependently Augments Cytokine Release in hMSCs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23103. [PMID: 26980664 PMCID: PMC4793222 DOI: 10.1038/srep23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 act as key players in the tissue repair process by recognizing their ligands and stimulating downstream processes including cytokine release. The mechanisms of TLR3- and TLR4-mediated cytokine releases from hMSCs remain uncertain. Here, we show that exposure to the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or incubation with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the mRNA expression levels of TLR3, TLR4 and cytokines in hMSCs. Poly(I:C) exposure rather than LPS incubation not only elevated inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) expression and IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release, but also promoted Orai and STIM expression as well as store-operated Ca(2+) entry into hMSCs. In addition, we also observed that 21 Ca(2+) signaling genes were significantly up-regulated in response to TLR3 priming of hMSCs by RNA sequencing analysis. Both poly(I:C) and LPS exposure enhanced cytokine release from hMSCs. The enhanced cytokine release vanished upon siRNA knockdown and chelation of intracellular Ca(2+). These data demonstrate that TLR3- and TLR4-priming differentially enhance Ca(2+) signaling and cytokine expression, and Ca(2+) -dependently potentiates cytokine release in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sun Park
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Amitabh Das
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Shao-Nian Yang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - YoungSeek Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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Forostyak O, Forostyak S, Kortus S, Sykova E, Verkhratsky A, Dayanithi G. Physiology of Ca2+ signalling in stem cells of different origins and differentiation stages. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Shimba K, Sakai K, Takayama Y, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Recording axonal conduction to evaluate the integration of pluripotent cell-derived neurons into a neuronal network. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:94. [PMID: 26303583 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy to treat neurodegenerative disorders, and a number of in vitro models have been developed for studying interactions between grafted neurons and the host neuronal network to promote drug discovery. However, methods capable of evaluating the process by which stem cells integrate into the host neuronal network are lacking. In this study, we applied an axonal conduction-based analysis to a co-culture study of primary and differentiated neurons. Mouse cortical neurons and neuronal cells differentiated from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, a model for early neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, were co-cultured in a microfabricated device. The somata of these cells were separated by the co-culture device, but their axons were able to elongate through microtunnels and then form synaptic contacts. Propagating action potentials were recorded from these axons by microelectrodes embedded at the bottom of the microtunnels and sorted into clusters representing individual axons. While the number of axons of cortical neurons increased until 14 days in vitro and then decreased, those of P19 neurons increased throughout the culture period. Network burst analysis showed that P19 neurons participated in approximately 80% of the bursting activity after 14 days in vitro. Interestingly, the axonal conduction delay of P19 neurons was significantly greater than that of cortical neurons, suggesting that there are some physiological differences in their axons. These results suggest that our method is feasible to evaluate the process by which stem cell-derived neurons integrate into a host neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shimba
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Room 1122, Faculty of Engineering Bldg., 14, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan,
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19
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Pinto MCX, Kihara AH, Goulart VAM, Tonelli FMP, Gomes KN, Ulrich H, Resende RR. Calcium signaling and cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2139-49. [PMID: 26275497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is orchestrated through diverse proteins related to calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling inside the cell. Cellular Ca(2+) influx that occurs first by various mechanisms at the plasma membrane, is then followed by absorption of Ca(2+) ions by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and, finally, there is a connection of calcium stores to the nucleus. Experimental evidence indicates that the fluctuation of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum provides a pivotal and physiological role for cell proliferation. Ca(2+) depletion in the endoplasmatic reticulum triggers Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane in an phenomenon called store-operated calcium entries (SOCEs). SOCE is activated through a complex interplay between a Ca(2+) sensor, denominated STIM, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and a Ca(2+) channel at the cell membrane, denominated Orai. The interplay between STIM and Orai proteins with cell membrane receptors and their role in cell proliferation is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Univtreersidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Presyes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Rua Santo Antônio, 420, 35500-041 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Rua Arcturus (Jd Antares), 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Univtreersidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Rua Santo Antônio, 420, 35500-041 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M P Tonelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Univtreersidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Rua Santo Antônio, 420, 35500-041 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia N Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Univtreersidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Presyes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Univtreersidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Rua Santo Antônio, 420, 35500-041 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Li T, Xia M, Gao Y, Chen Y, Xu Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: an overview of their potential in cell-based therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1293-306. [PMID: 26067213 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) are one of the typical adult stem cells; they have superiorities including low immunogenicity, non-invasive harvest procedure, easy expansion in vitro, and ethical access compared with stem cells from other sources. Therefore, HUC-MSCs are a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. AREAS COVERED Here we reviewed the development of stem cell-based therapy, the manufacturing and banking process of HUC-MSCs, the emerging clinical studies in the field of cancer, central nervous system diseases, liver diseases and graft-versus-host disease, the potential therapeutic mechanisms, as well as challenges of HUC-MSCs in clinical translation. EXPERT OPINION HUC-MSCs seem to be an optimal choice for stem cell-based therapy. However, before the cells translate from basic to clinical research, some problems still remain to be solved: i) building regulatory guidelines as well as an efficient and safe manufacturing procedure; ii) establishing donor's genetic testing and long-term closely monitoring system; iii) conducting further clinical trials to determine the optimum and standard dosage, time, route, frequency and many other technical issues of HUC-MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Department of Neurology , 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210008 , China +86 25 6818 2212 ; +86 25 8310 5208 ; ;
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May the remodeling of the Ca²⁺ toolkit in endothelial progenitor cells derived from cancer patients suggest alternative targets for anti-angiogenic treatment? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1958-73. [PMID: 25447551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be recruited from bone marrow to sustain the metastatic switch in a number of solid cancers, including breast cancer (BC) and renal cellular carcinoma (RCC). Preventing EPC mobilization causes tumor shrinkage. Novel anti-angiogenic treatments have been introduced in therapy to inhibit VEGFR-2 signaling; unfortunately, these drugs blocked tumor angiogenesis in pre-clinical murine models, but resulted far less effective in human patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving EPC proliferation and tubulogenesis in cancer patients could outline novel targets for alternative anti-angiogenic treatments. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) regulates the growth of human EPCs, and it is mediated by the interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-sensor, Stim1, and the plasmalemmal Ca²⁺ channels, Orai1 and TRPC1. EPCs do not belong to the neoplastic clone: thus, unlike tumor endothelium and neoplastic cells, they should not remodel their Ca²⁺ toolkit in response to tumor microenvironment. However, our recent work demonstrated that EPCs isolated from naïve RCC patients (RCC-EPCs) undergo a dramatic remodeling of their Ca²⁺ toolkit by displaying a remarkable drop in the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content, by down-regulating the expression of inositol-1,4,5-receptors (InsP3Rs), and by up-regulating Stim1, Orai1 and TRPC1. Moreover, EPCs are dramatically less sensitive to VEGF stimulation both in terms of Ca²⁺ signaling and of gene expression when isolated from tumor patients. Conversely, the pharmacological abolition of SOCE suppresses proliferation in these cells. These results question the suitability of VEGFR-2 as a therapeutically relevant target for anti-angiogenic treatments and hint at Orai1 and TRPC1 as more promising alternatives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Zhong W, Hutchinson TE, Chebolu S, Darmani NA. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-mediated vomiting occurs via the activation of Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent ERK1/2 signaling in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). PLoS One 2014; 9:e104718. [PMID: 25121483 PMCID: PMC4133232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3Rs) by 2-methylserotonin (2-Me-5-HT), a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, can induce vomiting. However, downstream signaling pathways for the induced emesis remain unknown. The 5-HT3R channel has high permeability to extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and upon stimulation allows increased Ca2+ influx. We examined the contribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (Ca2+/CaMKIIα), interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling to 2-Me-5-HT-induced emesis in the least shrew. Using fluo-4 AM dye, we found that 2-Me-5-HT augments intracellular Ca2+ levels in brainstem slices and that the selective 5-HT3R antagonist palonosetron, can abolish the induced Ca2+ signaling. Pre-treatment of shrews with either: i) amlodipine, an antagonist of L-type Ca2+ channels present on the cell membrane; ii) dantrolene, an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) Ca2+-release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); iii) a combination of their less-effective doses; or iv) inhibitors of CaMKII (KN93) and ERK1/2 (PD98059); dose-dependently suppressed emesis caused by 2-Me-5-HT. Administration of 2-Me-5-HT also significantly: i) enhanced the interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin in the brainstem as revealed by immunoprecipitation, as well as their colocalization in the area postrema (brainstem) and small intestine by immunohistochemistry; and ii) activated CaMKIIα in brainstem and in isolated enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine as shown by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. These effects were suppressed by palonosetron. 2-Me-5-HT also activated ERK1/2 in brainstem, which was abrogated by palonosetron, KN93, PD98059, amlodipine, dantrolene, or a combination of amlodipine plus dantrolene. However, blockade of ER inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors by 2-APB, had no significant effect on the discussed behavioral and biochemical parameters. This study demonstrates that Ca2+ mobilization via extracellular Ca2+ influx through 5-HT3Rs/L-type Ca2+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ release via RyRs on ER, initiate Ca2+-dependent sequential activation of CaMKIIα and ERK1/2, which contribute to the 5-HT3R-mediated, 2-Me-5-HT-evoked emesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Tarun E. Hutchinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Seetha Chebolu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Nissar A. Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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He Y, Zhang H, Yung A, Villeda SA, Jaeger PA, Olayiwola O, Fainberg N, Wyss-Coray T. ALK5-dependent TGF-β signaling is a major determinant of late-stage adult neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:943-52. [PMID: 24859199 PMCID: PMC4096284 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves critical functions in central nervous system (CNS) development, but apart from its proposed neuroprotective actions, its physiological role in the adult brain is unclear. We observed a prominent activation of TGF-β signaling in the adult dentate gyrus and expression of downstream Smad proteins in this neurogenic zone. Consistent with a function of TGF-β signaling in adult neurogenesis, genetic deletion of the TGF-β receptor ALK5 reduced the number, migration, and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons. Conversely, constitutive activation of neuronal ALK5 in forebrain caused a striking increase in these aspects of neurogenesis and was associated with higher expression of c-fos in newborn neurons and with stronger memory function. Our findings describe a new and unexpected role for ALK5-dependent TGF-β signaling as a regulator of the late stages of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may have implications for changes in neurogenesis during aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrea Yung
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Saul A Villeda
- Present address: The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (S.A.V.), Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (P.A.J.)
| | - Philipp A Jaeger
- Present address: The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (S.A.V.), Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (P.A.J.)
| | - Oluwatobi Olayiwola
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nina Fainberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- 1] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Rehabilitation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Lobanok ES, Kvacheva ZB, Pinchuk SV, Volk MV, Mezhevikina LM, Fesenko EE, Volotovski ID. The influence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) on cardiomyocytes differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow ex vivo. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Sousa BR, Parreira RC, Fonseca EA, Amaya MJ, Tonelli FMP, Lacerda SMSN, Lalwani P, Santos AK, Gomes KN, Ulrich H, Kihara AH, Resende RR. Human adult stem cells from diverse origins: An overview from multiparametric immunophenotyping to clinical applications. Cytometry A 2013; 85:43-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Ricardo C. Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Emerson A Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Maria J. Amaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Fernanda M. P. Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Anderson K. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Katia N. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. Kihara
- Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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Zhu J, Zhang K, Sun Y, Gao X, Li Y, Chen Z, Wu X. Reconstruction of functional ocular surface by acellular porcine cornea matrix scaffold and limbal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2412-25. [PMID: 23675636 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great potential for cell-based therapies for ocular surface diseases. The cell-based therapies mainly depend on an appropriate differentiation proposal with a high efficiency and on a suitable scaffold. In this study, we aimed to establish a feasible and efficient strategy for inducing hESCs into LSC-like cells by the LSC conditioned medium. The induced cells possessed the similar morphologic characteristics and expression of normal LSCs and showed a strong clonogenic and proliferative capacity in vitro. To construct a tissue-engineering corneal graft, these differentiated cells were seeded on an acelluar porcine corneal matrix (APCM), which maintained the corneal basement membrane in vitro. After 14 days culture, these induced cells gave rise to stratified epithelial cell sheets on the APCM and the basal cells still kept LSC characteristics. In rabbit total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) models, the tissue-engineering graft had the potential to reconstruct the damaged ocular surface and alleviated the invasion of corneal neovascularization. These findings indicated that the engraftment constructed with the APCM scaffold and hESC-derived LSCs might be a potential therapy option for ocular surface regeneration in LSCD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, QiLu Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Zhang ZH, Lu YY, Yue J. Two pore channel 2 differentially modulates neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66077. [PMID: 23776607 PMCID: PMC3680454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing nucleotide presented in various species. NAADP mobilizes Ca2+ from acidic organelles through two pore channel 2 (TPC2) in many cell types and it has been previously shown that NAADP can potently induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. Here we examined the role of TPC2 signaling in the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that the expression of TPC2 was markedly decreased during the initial ES cell entry into neural progenitors, and the levels of TPC2 gradually rebounded during the late stages of neurogenesis. Correspondingly, TPC2 knockdown accelerated mouse ES cell differentiation into neural progenitors but inhibited these neural progenitors from committing to neurons. Overexpression of TPC2, on the other hand, inhibited mouse ES cell from entering the early neural lineage. Interestingly, TPC2 knockdown had no effect on the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of mouse ES cells. Taken together, our data indicate that TPC2 signaling plays a temporal and differential role in modulating the neural lineage entry of mouse ES cells, in that TPC2 signaling inhibits ES cell entry to early neural progenitors, but is required for late neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Hao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Resende RR, Andrade LM, Oliveira AG, Guimarães ES, Guatimosim S, Leite MF. Nucleoplasmic calcium signaling and cell proliferation: calcium signaling in the nucleus. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:14. [PMID: 23433362 PMCID: PMC3599436 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signal transduction element involved in the regulation of several cellular activities and it is required at various key stages of the cell cycle. Intracellular Ca2+ is crucial for the orderly cell cycle progression and plays a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Recently, it was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies that nucleoplasmic Ca2+ regulates cell growth. Even though the mechanism by which nuclear Ca2+ regulates cell proliferation is not completely understood, there are reports demonstrating that activation of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) leads to translocation of RTKs to the nucleus to generate localized nuclear Ca2+ signaling which are believed to modulate cell proliferation. Moreover, nuclear Ca2+ regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth. This review will describe the nuclear Ca2+ signaling machinery and its role in cell proliferation. Additionally, the potential role of nuclear Ca2+ as a target in cancer therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Resende
- Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Glaser T, Resende RR, Ulrich H. Implications of purinergic receptor-mediated intracellular calcium transients in neural differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:12. [PMID: 23414261 PMCID: PMC3598966 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors participate, in almost every cell type, in controlling metabolic activities and many physiological functions including signal transmission, proliferation and differentiation. While most of P2Y receptors induce transient elevations of intracellular calcium concentration by activation of intracellular calcium pools and forward these signals as waves which can also be transmitted into neighboring cells, P2X receptors produce calcium spikes which also include activation of voltage-operating calcium channels. P2Y and P2X receptors induce calcium transients that activate transcription factors responsible for the progress of differentiation through mediators including calmodulin and calcineurin. Expression of P2X2 as well as of P2X7 receptors increases in differentiating neurons and glial cells, respectively. Gene expression silencing assays indicate that these receptors are important for the progress of differentiation and neuronal or glial fate determination. Metabotropic receptors, mostly P2Y1 and P2Y2 subtypes, act on embryonic cells or cells at the neural progenitor stage by inducing proliferation as well as by regulation of neural differentiation through NFAT translocation. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of purinergic receptor-induced calcium spike and wave activity and its codification in neurodevelopmental and neurodifferentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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30
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Amaral SS, Oliveira AG, Marques PE, Quintão JLD, Pires DA, Resende RR, Sousa BR, Melgaço JG, Pinto MA, Russo RC, Gomes AKC, Andrade LM, Zanin RF, Pereira RVS, Bonorino C, Soriani FM, Lima CX, Cara DC, Teixeira MM, Leite MF, Menezes GB. Altered responsiveness to extracellular ATP enhances acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:10. [PMID: 23384127 PMCID: PMC3608937 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is secreted from hepatocytes under physiological conditions and plays an important role in liver biology through the activation of P2 receptors. Conversely, higher extracellular ATP concentrations, as observed during necrosis, trigger inflammatory responses that contribute to the progression of liver injury. Impaired calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is a hallmark of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, and since ATP induces mobilization of the intracellular Ca2+ stocks, we evaluated if the release of ATP during APAP-induced necrosis could directly contribute to hepatocyte death. RESULTS APAP overdose resulted in liver necrosis, massive neutrophil infiltration and large non-perfused areas, as well as remote lung inflammation. In the liver, these effects were significantly abrogated after ATP metabolism by apyrase or P2X receptors blockage, but none of the treatments prevented remote lung inflammation, suggesting a confined local contribution of purinergic signaling into liver environment. In vitro, APAP administration to primary mouse hepatocytes and also HepG2 cells caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, exposure of HepG2 cells to APAP elicited significant release of ATP to the supernatant in levels that were high enough to promote direct cytotoxicity to healthy primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells. In agreement to our in vivo results, apyrase treatment or blockage of P2 receptors reduced APAP cytotoxicity. Likewise, ATP exposure caused significant higher intracellular Ca2+ signal in APAP-treated primary hepatocytes, which was reproduced in HepG2 cells. Quantitative real time PCR showed that APAP-challenged HepG2 cells expressed higher levels of several purinergic receptors, which may explain the hypersensitivity to extracellular ATP. This phenotype was confirmed in humans analyzing liver biopsies from patients diagnosed with acute hepatic failure. CONCLUSION We suggest that under pathological conditions, ATP may act not only an immune system activator, but also as a paracrine direct cytotoxic DAMP through the dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia S Amaral
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Tao R, Sun HY, Lau CP, Tse HF, Lee HC, Li GR. Cyclic ADP ribose is a novel regulator of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2684-96. [PMID: 21251217 PMCID: PMC4373437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the cellular biology of these cells is not fully understood. The present study characterizes the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)-mediated Ca(2+) signals in human MSCs and finds that externally applied cADPR can increase the frequency of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+) (i) ) oscillations. The increase was abrogated by a specific cADPR antagonist or an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, but not by ryanodine. In addition, the cADPR-induced increase of Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency was prevented by inhibitors of nucleoside transporter or by inhibitors of the transient receptor potential cation melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel. RT-PCR revealed mRNAs for the nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters 1/2 and equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1/3, IP3R1/2/3 and the TRPM2 channel, but not those for ryanodine receptors and CD38 in human MSCs. Knockdown of the TRPM2 channel by specific short interference RNA abolished the effect of cADPR on the Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency, and prevented the stimulation of proliferation by cADPR. Moreover, cADPR remarkably increased phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not Akt or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, cADPR had no effect on adipogenesis or osteogenesis in human MSCs. Our results indicate that cADPR is a novel regulator of Ca(2+) (i) oscillations in human MSCs. It permeates the cell membrane through the nucleoside transporters and increases Ca(2+) oscillation via activation of the TRPM2 channel, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and, thereby, stimulation of human MSC proliferation. This study delineates an alternate signalling pathway of cADPR that is distinct from its well-established role of serving as a Ca(2+) messenger for mobilizing the internal Ca(2+) stores. Whether cADPR can be used clinically for stimulating marrow function in patients with marrow disorders remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tonelli FMP, Santos AK, Gomes DA, da Silva SL, Gomes KN, Ladeira LO, Resende RR. Stem cells and calcium signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:891-916. [PMID: 22453975 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in stem cell research is linked to the promise of developing treatments for many lifethreatening, debilitating diseases, and for cell replacement therapies. However, performing these therapeutic innovations with safety will only be possible when an accurate knowledge about the molecular signals that promote the desired cell fate is reached. Among these signals are transient changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i). Acting as an intracellular messenger, Ca(2+) has a key role in cell signaling pathways in various differentiation stages of stem cells. The aim of this chapter is to present a broad overview of various moments in which Ca(2+)-mediated signaling is essential for the maintenance of stem cells and for promoting their development and differentiation, also focusing on their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M P Tonelli
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Insitute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Yu YL, Chou RH, Chen LT, Shyu WC, Hsieh SC, Wu CS, Zeng HJ, Yeh SP, Yang DM, Hung SC, Hung MC. EZH2 regulates neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through PIP5K1C-dependent calcium signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9657-67. [PMID: 21216957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.185124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates stem cells renewal, maintenance, and differentiation into different cell lineages including neuron. Changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration play a critical role in the differentiation of neurons. However, whether EZH2 modulates intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in regulating neuronal differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) still remains unclear. When hMSCs were treated with a Ca(2+) chelator or a PLC inhibitor to block IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) signaling, neuronal differentiation was disrupted. EZH2 bound to the promoter region of PIP5K1C to suppress its transcription in proliferating hMSCs. Interestingly, knockdown of EZH2 enhanced the expression of PIP5K1C, which in turn increased the amount of PI(4,5)P(2), a precursor of IP(3), and resulted in increasing the intracellular Ca(2+) level, suggesting that EZH2 negatively regulates intracellular Ca(2+) through suppression of PIP5K1C. Knockdown of EZH2 also enhanced hMSCs differentiation into functional neuron both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of PIP5K1C significantly reduced PI(4,5)P(2) contents and intracellular Ca(2+) release in EZH2-silenced cells and resulted in the disruption of neuronal differentiation from hMSCs. Here, we provide the first evidence to demonstrate that after induction to neuronal differentiation, decreased EZH2 activates the expression of PIP5K1C to evoke intracellular Ca(2+) signaling, which leads hMSCs to differentiate into functional neuron lineage. Activation of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling by repressing or knocking down EZH2 might be a potential strategy to promote neuronal differentiation from hMSCs for application to neurological dysfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Resende RR, Adhikari A. Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7:20. [PMID: 19712465 PMCID: PMC2744676 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to modulate neuronal differentiation during early development. Both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) regulate a wide variety of physiological responses, including apoptosis, cellular proliferation and neuronal differentiation. However, the intracellular mechanisms underlying these effects of AChR signaling are not fully understood. It is known that activation of AChRs increase cellular proliferation and neurogenesis and that regulation of intracellular calcium through AChRs may underlie the many functions of ACh. Intriguingly, activation of diverse signaling molecules such as Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, protein kinase C and c-Src is modulated by AChRs. Here we discuss the roles of ACh in neuronal differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We also discuss the pathways involved in these processes, as well as the effects of novel endogenous AChRs agonists and strategies to enhance neuronal-differentiation of stem and neural progenitor cells. Further understanding of the intracellular mechanisms underlying AChR signaling may provide insights for novel therapeutic strategies, as abnormal AChR activity is present in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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