1
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Shi G, Jiang C, Wang J, Cui P, Shan W. Mechanical stimulation promotes the maturation of cardiomyocyte-like cells from P19 cells and the function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Cell Tissue Res 2024:10.1007/s00441-024-03922-6. [PMID: 39395051 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes-like cells by mechanical stimulation, and evaluate their therapeutic potential against myocardial infarction. The cyclic tensile strain was used to induce the maturation of cardsiomyocyte-like cells from P19 cells in vitro. Western blot and qPCR assays were performed to examine protein and gene expression, respectively. High-resolution respirometry was used to assay cell function. The induced cells were then evaluated for their therapeutic effect. In vitro, we observed cyclic tensile strain induced P19 cell differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells, as indicated by the increased expression of cardiomyocyte maturation-related genes such as Myh6, Myl2, and Gja1. Furthermore, cyclic tensile strain increased the antioxidant capacity of cardiomyocytes by upregulating the expression Sirt1, a gene important for P19 maturation into cardiomyocyte-like cells. High-resolution respirometry analysis of P19 cells following cyclic tensile strain showed enhanced metabolic function. In vivo, stimulated P19 cells enhanced cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction, and these mice showed decreased infarction-related biomarkers. The current study demonstrates a simple yet effective mean to induce the maturation of P19 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells, with a promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiliang Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changzhou Wujin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.699, Renmin Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213161, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaopeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changzhou Wujin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.699, Renmin Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213161, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changzhou Wujin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.699, Renmin Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213161, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changzhou Wujin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.699, Renmin Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213161, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixin Shan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changzhou Wujin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.699, Renmin Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213161, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Properties of New Bio-Inspired Xanthylium Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031102. [PMID: 36770768 PMCID: PMC9921969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthylium derivatives are curcumin analogs showing photochromic properties. Similarly, to anthocyanins, they follow the same multistate network of chemical species that are reversibly interconverted by external stimuli. In the present work, two new asymmetric monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-metoxybenzylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxanthylium chloride (compound 3) and 4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxanthylium chloride (compound 4) were synthesized, and their photochromic and biological properties were investigated. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and the direct and reverse pH-jumps studies confirmed the halochromic properties and the existence of different molecular species. A network of chemical reactions of these species was proposed. Furthermore, the antiproliferative properties of both compounds were evaluated using P19 murine embryocarcinoma cells and compared with each other. The results demonstrate that both new xanthylium derivatives modify the progression through the cell cycle of P19 cells, which translates into a significant antiproliferative effect. The effect of the methoxy group position is discussed and several checkpoint proteins are advanced as putative targets.
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3
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Cardiac Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impact of Biological and Chemical Inducers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1343-1361. [PMID: 33864233 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death, widely occurs due to irreparable loss of the functional cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is an emerging strategy to regenerate myocardium and thereby improving the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Most of the current approaches often employ the use of various biological and chemical factors as cues to trigger and modulate the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac lineage. However, the recent advanced methods of using specific epigenetic modifiers and exosomes to manipulate the epigenome and molecular pathways of MSCs to modify the cardiac gene expression yield better profiled cardiomyocyte like cells in vitro. Hitherto, the role of cardiac specific inducers triggering cardiac differentiation at the cellular and molecular level is not well understood. Therefore, the current review highlights the impact and recent trends in employing biological and chemical inducers on cardiac differentiation of MSCs. Thereby, deciphering the interactions between the cellular microenvironment and the cardiac inducers will help us to understand cardiomyogenesis of MSCs. Additionally, the review also provides an insight on skeptical roles of the cell free biological factors and extracellular scaffold assisted mode for manipulation of native and transplanted stem cells towards translational cardiac research.
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4
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Yi JK, Park S, Ha JJ, Kim DH, Huang H, Park SJ, Lee MH, Ryoo ZY, Kim SH, Kim MO. Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Pluripotency and Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:244-253. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Koo Yi
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Ha
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Si-Jun Park
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo, Korea
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zae-Young Ryoo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Life Medicine Analysis Korea Polytechnics Institute, Nonsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
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5
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The Role of Nonerythroid Spectrin αII in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7079604. [PMID: 31186638 PMCID: PMC6521328 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7079604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonerythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1) is an important cytoskeletal protein that ensures vital cellular properties including polarity and cell stabilization. In addition, it is involved in cell adhesion, cell-cell contact, and apoptosis. The detection of altered expression of SPTAN1 in tumors indicates that SPTAN1 might be involved in the development and progression of cancer. SPTAN1 has been described in cancer and therapy response and proposed as a potential marker protein for neoplasia, tumor aggressiveness, and therapeutic efficiency. On one hand, the existing data suggest that overexpression of SPTAN1 in tumor cells reflects neoplastic and tumor promoting activity. On the other hand, nuclear SPTAN1 can have tumor suppressing effects by enabling DNA repair through interaction with DNA repair proteins. Moreover, SPTAN1 cleavage products occur during apoptosis and could serve as markers for the efficacy of cancer therapy. Due to SPTAN1's multifaceted functions and its role in adhesion and migration, SPTAN1 can influence tumor growth and progression in both positive and negative directions depending on its specific regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SPTAN1 in cancer and depicts several mechanisms by which SPTAN1 could impact tumor development and aggressiveness.
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6
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Dent MAR, Aranda-Anzaldo A. Lessons we can learn from neurons to make cancer cells quiescent. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1141-1152. [PMID: 30985022 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major concern for contemporary societies. However, the incidence of cancer is unevenly distributed among tissues and cell types. In particular, the evidence indicates that neurons are absolutely resistant to cancer and this is commonly explained on the basis of the known postmitotic state of neurons. The dominant paradigm on cancer understands this problem as a disease caused by mutations in cellular genes that result in unrestrained cell proliferation and eventually in tissue invasion and metastasis. However, the evidence also shows that mutations and gross chromosomal anomalies are common in functional neurons that nevertheless do not become neoplastic. This fact suggests that in the real nonexperimental setting mutations per se are not enough for inducing carcinogenesis but also that the postmitotic state of neurons is not genetically controlled or determined, otherwise there should be reports of spontaneously transformed neurons. Here we discuss the evidence that the postmitotic state of neurons has a structural basis on the high stability of their nuclear higher order structure that performs like an absolute tumor suppressor. We also discuss evidence that it is possible to induce a similar structural postmitotic state in nonneural cell types as a practical strategy for stopping or reducing the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna A R Dent
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Armando Aranda-Anzaldo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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7
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See K, Lan Y, Rhoades J, Jain R, Smith CL, Epstein JA. Lineage-specific reorganization of nuclear peripheral heterochromatin and H3K9me2 domains. Development 2019; 146:dev.174078. [PMID: 30723106 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic organization of chromatin within the three-dimensional nuclear space has been postulated to regulate gene expression and cell fate. Here, we define the genome-wide distribution of nuclear peripheral heterochromatin as a multipotent P19 cell adopts either a neural or a cardiac fate. We demonstrate that H3K9me2-marked nuclear peripheral heterochromatin undergoes lineage-specific reorganization during cell-fate determination. This is associated with spatial repositioning of genomic loci away from the nuclear periphery as shown by 3D immuno-FISH. Locus repositioning is not always associated with transcriptional changes, but a subset of genes is upregulated. Mef2c is specifically repositioned away from the nuclear periphery during early neurogenic differentiation, but not during early cardiogenic differentiation, with associated transcript upregulation. Myocd is specifically repositioned during early cardiogenic differentiation, but not during early neurogenic differentiation, and is transcriptionally upregulated at later stages of cardiac differentiation. We provide experimental evidence for lineage-specific regulation of nuclear architecture during cell-fate determination in a mouse cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin See
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Rhoades
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L Smith
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Chen T, Jin H, Wang H, Yao Y, Aniagu S, Tong J, Jiang Y. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates the cardiac developmental toxicity of EOM from PM 2.5 in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:372-378. [PMID: 30384306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been found to be associated with congenital heart defects, but the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Our previous study revealed that extractable organic matter (EOM) from PM2.5 exerted cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of EOM on cardiac differentiation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma stem cells. We found that EOM at 10 μg/ml (a non-cytotoxic dose level) significantly reduced the proportion of cardiac muscle troponin (cTnT) positive cells and the percentage of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies, indicating a severe inhibition of cardiac differentiation. Immunofluorescence and qPCR data demonstrated that EOM increased the expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target gene Cyp1A1 and diminished the expression level of β-catenin. Furthermore, EOM treatment significantly upregulated cell proliferation rate and elevated the percentage of γH2A.X positive cells without affecting apoptosis. It is worth noting that the EOM-induced changes in gene expression, cellular proliferation and DNA double strain breaks were attenuated by the AhR antagonist CH223191. In conclusion, our data indicate that AhR mediates the inhibitory effects of EOM (from PM2.5) on the cardiac differentiation of P19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yugang Yao
- Suzhou Environmental Monitor Center, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Combined Pollution Monitoring, Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, China
| | - Stanley Aniagu
- Toxicology Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jian Tong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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9
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Budash HV, Bilko NM. Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation in the Cardiomyocyte Direction in the Presence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lee JA, An J, Kang TM, De D, Kim KK. Discovery of Natural Compounds Promoting Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 28:13-27. [PMID: 30358491 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The commitment of pluripotent stem cells to the cardiac lineage has enormous potential in regenerative medicine interventions for several cardiac diseases. Thus, it is necessary to understand and regulate this differentiation process for potential clinical application. In this study, we developed defined conditions with chemical inducers for effective cardiac lineage commitment and elucidated the mechanism for high-efficiency differentiation. First, we designed a robust reporter-based platform to screen chemical inducers of cardiac differentiation in the mouse P19 teratocarcinoma cell line. Using this system, we identified two natural alkaloids, lupinine and ursinoic acid, which enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 cells in terms of beating colony numbers with respect to oxytocin, and confirmed their activity in mouse embryonic stem cells. By analyzing the expression of key markers, we found that this enhancement can be attributed to the early and rapid induction of the Wnt signaling pathway. We also found that these natural compounds could not only supersede the action of the Wnt3a ligand but also had a very quick response time, allowing them to act as efficient cardiac mesoderm inducers that subsequently promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation. Thus, this study offers a way to develop chemical-based differentiation strategy for high-efficiency cardiac lineage commitment, which has an advantage over currently available methods with complex medium composition and parameters. Furthermore, it also provides an opportunity to pinpoint the key molecular mechanisms pivotal to the cardiac differentiation process, which are necessary to design an efficient strategy for cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Lee
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jieun An
- 2 Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tong Mook Kang
- 2 Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Debojyoti De
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,3 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Linder T, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD. One-pot synthesis of triazines as potential agents affecting cell differentiation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1257-1284. [PMID: 29983453 PMCID: PMC6006243 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper outlines the synthesis of a number of structural analogs of 3-[(4,6-diphenoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]benzoic acid which represent compounds with potential cardiogenetic activity. A one-pot protocol was developed for swift functionalization of the 1,3,5-triazine core without the need of isolating intermediates. The developed route starts from readily available 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, displacing the chlorine atoms sequentially by aryloxy, arylamino, or arylthio moieties to enable access to molecules with three different substituents of this type in good yields. To facilitate purification, tert-butyl, methyl, and ethyl ester derivatives of the target compounds were initially synthesized. The tert-butyl esters could be readily hydrolyzed to the desired compounds, while reduction of the methyl and ethyl esters gave the corresponding benzylic alcohols in high yields, thereby expanding the substrate scope for future relevant cell assays. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Onderak AM, Anderson JT. Loss of the RNA helicase SKIV2L2 impairs mitotic progression and replication-dependent histone mRNA turnover in murine cell lines. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:910-926. [PMID: 28351885 PMCID: PMC5435864 DOI: 10.1261/rna.060640.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA surveillance via the nuclear exosome requires cofactors such as the helicase SKIV2L2 to process and degrade certain noncoding RNAs. This research aimed to characterize the phenotype associated with RNAi knockdown of Skiv2l2 in two murine cancer cell lines: Neuro2A and P19. SKIV2L2 depletion in Neuro2A and P19 cells induced changes in gene expression indicative of cell differentiation and reduced cellular proliferation by 30%. Propidium iodide-based cell-cycle analysis of Skiv2l2 knockdown cells revealed defective progression through the G2/M phase and an accumulation of mitotic cells, suggesting SKIV2L2 contributes to mitotic progression. Since SKIV2L2 targets RNAs to the nuclear exosome for processing and degradation, we identified RNA targets elevated in cells depleted of SKIV2L2 that could account for the observed twofold increase in mitotic cells. Skiv2l2 knockdown cells accumulated replication-dependent histone mRNAs, among other RNAs, that could impede mitotic progression and indirectly trigger differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Onderak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - James T Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
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13
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Mu JS, Xu S, Dong S, Zhang J, Bo P. Differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytesin vitro. J Histotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2017.1326446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-sheng Mu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjun Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianqun Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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14
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Abbey D, Seshagiri PB. Ascorbic acid-mediated enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse ES-cells involves interplay of DNA methylation and multiple-signals. Differentiation 2017; 96:1-14. [PMID: 28554048 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ES-cells) provide a good model system to study lineage-specific differentiation. Though, the differentiation of ES-cells to cardiomyocytes is documented, a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of differentiation and improved functional-differentiation efficiency are yet to be achieved. In this regard, ascorbic acid (Aa) is shown to be one of the effective cardiac inducers in ES-cells. But, its mechanism is poorly understood. We therefore, investigated the mechanism of Aa-mediated cardiomyocyte differentiation of ES-cells. Here, we describe the potential involvement of epigenetic (DNA methylation) as well as integrin- and Erk- signaling systems during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Transgenic GS-2 ES-cells and wild-type D3 ES-cells were differentiated to cardiomyocytes, in the presence or absence of Aa and with or without inhibitors of Erk-, collagen- and integrin- pathways. At specific time points, differentiated states of ES-cells were scored by gene expression analyses and the proportion of functional cTnI+ cardiomyocytes. DNA methylation changes of Isl-1, BMP-2, GATA-4 and α-MHC in cardiogenic cells, following stimulation with Aa, were analyzed by using methylation specific PCR (MSP). We observed that Aa, when applied in initial phase of ES-cell differentiation, consistently enhanced cardiac differentiation (99%) over that observed during spontaneous differentiation (70%). This was associated with enhanced expressions of cardiogenesis-associated genes. A two-fold increase in cTnI+ cells was observed, with appropriate myofibril arrangement. The observed effect of Aa was due to enhanced collagen and integrin signaling, coupled with a high p-ERK1/2 expression, downstream. Besides, the involvement of DNA methylation in regulating the expression of cardiac genes i.e., Isl-1 and α-MHC was also observed. Overall, this study, for the first time, demonstrates that Aa-mediated cardiac enhancement is brought about, mechanistically, through the interplay of epigenetic changes in DNA methylation of cardiac genes (Isl-1 and α-MHC) and integrin signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Polani B Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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15
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Lo Vasco VR, Leopizzi M, Di Maio V, Della Rocca C. U-73122 reduces the cell growth in cultured MG-63 ostesarcoma cell line involving Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipases C. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:156. [PMID: 27026853 PMCID: PMC4766154 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The definition of the number and nature of the signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis and the identification of the molecules promoting metastasis spread might improve the knowledge of the natural history of osteosarcoma, also allowing refine the prognosis and opening the way to novel therapeutic strategies. Phosphatydil inositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP2), belonging to the Phosphoinositide (PI) signal transduction pathway, was related to the regulation of ezrin, an ezrin-radixin-moesin protein involved in metastatic osteosarcoma spread. The levels of PIP2 are regulated by means of the PI-specific Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes. Recent literature data suggested that in osteosarcoma the panel of expression of PLC isoforms varies in a complex and unclear manner and is related to ezrin, probably networking with Ras GTPases, such as RhoA and Rac1. We analyzed the expression and the subcellular localization of PLC enzymes in cultured human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, commonly used as an experimental model for human osteoblasts, using U-73122 PLC inhibitor, U-73343 inactive analogue, and by silencing ezrin. The treatment with U-73122 significantly reduces the number of MG-63 viable cells and contemporarily modifies the expression and the subcellular localization of selected PLC isoforms. U-73122 reduces the cell growth in cultured MG-63 ostesarcoma cell line involving PI-specific Phospholipases C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Rita Lo Vasco
- />Sensory Organs Department, Policlinico Umberto I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, viale dell’Università, 33, 00157 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- />Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Polo Pontino- Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- />Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Polo Pontino- Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- />Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Polo Pontino- Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
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16
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Cheng J, Ding Q, Wang J, Deng L, Yang L, Tao L, Lei H, Lu S. 5-Azacytidine delivered by mesoporous silica nanoparticles regulates the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2011-2021. [PMID: 26699243 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the deadliest diseases causing mortality due to the limited regenerative capability of highly differentiated cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapy in tissue engineering is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas and raises promising prospects for cardiac repair. In this study, we have synthesized FITC-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSNs) based on a sol-gel method (known as Stöber's method) as a drug delivery platform to transport 5-azacytidine in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells. The surfactant CTAB is utilized as a liquid crystal template to self-aggregate into micelles, resulting in the synthesis of MSNs. Based on the cell viability assay, treatment with FMSNs + 5-azacytidine resulted in much more significant inhibition of the proliferation than 5-azacytidine alone. To study the mechanism, we have tested the differentiation genes and cardiac marker genes in P19 cells and found that these genes have been up-regulated in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells treated with FMSNs + 5-azacytidine + poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), with the changes of histone modifications on the regulatory region. In conclusion, with FMSNs as drug delivery platforms, 5-azacytidine can be more efficiently delivered into stem cells and can be used to monitor and track the transfection process in situ to clarify their effects on stem cell functions and the differentiation process, which can serve as a promising tool in tissue engineering and other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Haihong Lei
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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17
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Nosanchuk JD, Nosanchuk MD, Rodrigues ML, Nimrichter L, de Carvalho ACC, Weiss LM, Spray DC, Tanowitz HB. The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:945-55. [PMID: 26691452 PMCID: PMC4704644 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Send correspondence to J.D. Nosanchuk. Departments of Medicine,
Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA.
E-mail:
| | - Murphy D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Louis M. Weiss
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - David C. Spray
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
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18
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Choi SC, Choi JH, Cui LH, Seo HR, Kim JH, Park CY, Joo HJ, Park JH, Hong SJ, Yu CW, Lim DS. Mixl1 and Flk1 Are Key Players of Wnt/TGF-β Signaling During DMSO-Induced Mesodermal Specification in P19 cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1807-21. [PMID: 25521758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used to induce multilineage differentiation of embryonic and adult progenitor cells. To date, little is known about the mechanisms underlying DMSO-induced mesodermal specification. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways and lineage-determining genes involved in DMSO-induced mesodermal specification in P19 cells. Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways such as BMP, TGF-β and GDF1 signaling were significantly activated during DMSO-induced mesodermal specification. In contrast, Nodal/Cripto signaling pathway molecules, required for endoderm specification, were severely downregulated. DMSO significantly upregulated the expression of cardiac mesoderm markers but inhibited the expression of endodermal and hematopoietic lineage markers. Among the DMSO-activated cell lineage markers, the expression of Mixl1 and Flk1 was dramatically upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels, and the populations of Mixl1+, Flk1+ and Mixl1+/Flk1+ cells also increased significantly. DMSO modulated cell cycle molecules and induced cell apoptosis, resulting in significant cell death during EB formation of P19 cells. An inhibitor of Flk1, SU5416 significantly blocked expressions of TGF-β superfamily members, mesodermal cell lineage markers and cell cycle molecules but it did not affect Wnt molecules. These results demonstrate that Mixl1 and Flk1 play roles as key downstream or interacting effectors of Wnt/TGF-β signaling pathway during DMSO-induced mesodermal specification in P19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Combination of retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and 5-azacytidine promotes cardiac differentiation of human fetal liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 17:147-59. [PMID: 26070350 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are controversial reports about cardiac differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and there is still no well-defined protocol for the induction of cardiac differentiation. The effects of retinoic acid (RA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the proliferation and differentiation of human fetal liver-derived MSCs (HFMSCs) as well as the pluripotent state induced by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) in vitro were investigated. MSCs were isolated from fetal livers and cultured in accordance with previous reports. Cells were plated and were treated for 24 h by the combination of 5-aza, RA and DMSO in different doses. Different culture conditions were tested in our study, including temperature, oxygen content and medium. Three weeks later, cells were harvested for the certification of cardiac differentiation as well as the pluripotency, which indicated by cardiac markers and Oct4. It was found that the cardiac differentiation was only induced when HFMSCs were treated in the following conditions: in high-dose combination (5-aza 50 μM + RA 10(-1) μM + DMSO 1 %) in cardiac differentiation medium at 37 °C and 20 % O2. The results of immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR showed that about 40 % of the cells positively expressed Nkx2.5, desmin and cardiac troponin I, as well as Oct4. No beating cells were observed during the period. The combined treatment with RA, DMSO and 5-aza in high-dose could promote HFMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells and possibly through the change of their pluripotent state.
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20
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Macrí-Pellizzeri L, Pelacho B, Sancho A, Iglesias-García O, Simón-Yarza AM, Soriano-Navarro M, González-Granero S, García-Verdugo JM, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Prosper F. Substrate Stiffness and Composition Specifically Direct Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1633-41. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macrí-Pellizzeri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Sancho
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, CEIT and Tecnun, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana María Simón-Yarza
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mario Soriano-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana González-Granero
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe - UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena M. De-Juan-Pardo
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, CEIT and Tecnun, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Izarra A, Moscoso I, Cañón S, Carreiro C, Fondevila D, Martín-Caballero J, Blanca V, Valiente I, Díez-Juan A, Bernad A. miRNA-1 and miRNA-133a are involved in early commitment of pluripotent stem cells and demonstrate antagonistic roles in the regulation of cardiac differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:787-799. [PMID: 25492026 DOI: 10.1002/term.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
miRNA-1 (miR-1) and miRNA-133a (miR-133a) are muscle-specific miRNAs that play an important role in heart development and physiopathology. Although both miRNAs have been broadly studied during cardiogenesis, the mechanisms by which miR-1 and miR-133a could influence linage commitment in pluripotent stem cells remain poorly characterized. In this study we analysed the regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a expression during pluripotent stem cell differentiation [P19.CL6 cells; embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)] and investigated their role in DMSO and embryoid body (EB)-mediated mesodermal and cardiac differentiation by gain- and loss-of-function studies, as well as in vivo, by the induction of teratomas. Gene expression analysis revealed that miR-1 and miR-133a are upregulated during cardiac differentiation of P19.CL6 cells, and also during ESC and iPSC EB differentiation. Forced overexpression of both miRNAs promoted mesodermal commitment and a concomitant decrease in the expression of neural differentiation markers. Moreover, overexpression of miR-1 enhanced the cardiac differentiation of P19.CL6, while miR-133a reduced it with respect to control cells. Teratoma formation experiments with P19.CL6 cells confirmed the influence of miR-1 and miR-133a during in vivo differentiation. Finally, inhibition of both miRNAs during P19.CL6 cardiac differentiation had opposite results to their overexpression. In conclusion, gene regulation involving miR-1 and miR-133a controls the mesodermal and cardiac fate of pluripotent stem cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izarra
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology and Oncology Department, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moscoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Area, CIMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Cañón
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology and Oncology Department, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Candelas Carreiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Fondevila
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vanessa Blanca
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Valiente
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Díez-Juan
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology and Oncology Department, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Dehne T, Adam X, Materne EM, Reimann MC, Krüger JP, Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C, Haag M, Sittinger M, Ringe J. A P19 and P19CL6 Cell-Based Complementary Approach to Determine Paracrine Effects in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:24-36. [DOI: 10.1159/000362540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Stevens AS, Pirotte N, Plusquin M, Willems M, Neyens T, Artois T, Smeets K. Toxicity profiles and solvent-toxicant interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea after dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) exposure. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:319-26. [PMID: 24964768 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate hydrophobic test compounds in toxicological studies, solvents like dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are inevitable. However, using these solvents, the interpretation of test compound-induced responses can be biased. DMSO concentration guidelines are available, but are mostly based on acute exposures involving one specific toxicity endpoint. Hence, to avoid solvent-toxicant interference, we use multiple chronic test endpoints for additional interpretation of DMSO concentrations and propose a statistical model to assess possible synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects of test compounds and their solvents. In this study, the effects of both short- (1 day) and long-term (2 weeks) exposures to low DMSO concentrations (up to 1000 µl l(-1) ) were studied in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. We measured different biological levels in both fully developed and developing animals. In a long-term exposure set-up, a concentration of 500 µl l(-1) DMSO interfered with processes on different biological levels, e.g. behaviour, stem cell proliferation and gene expression profiles. After short exposure times, 500 µl l(-1) DMSO only affected motility, whereas the most significant changes on different parameters were observed at a concentration of 1000 µl l(-1) DMSO. As small sensitivity differences exist between biological levels and developmental stages, we advise the use of this solvent in concentrations below 500 µl l(-1) in this organism. In the second part of our study, we propose a statistical approach to account for solvent-toxicant interactions and discuss full-scale solvent toxicity studies. In conclusion, we reassessed DMSO concentration limits for different experimental endpoints in the planarian S. mediterranea.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Stevens
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, BE 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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24
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Douglas GAF, McGirr R, Charlton CL, Kagan DB, Hoffman LM, Luyt LG, Dhanvantari S. Characterization of a far-red analog of ghrelin for imaging GHS-R in P19-derived cardiomyocytes. Peptides 2014; 54:81-8. [PMID: 24468548 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), are expressed in the heart, and may function to promote cardiomyocyte survival, differentiation and contractility. Previously, we had generated a truncated analog of ghrelin conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate for the purposes of determining GHS-R expression in situ. We now report the generation and characterization of a far-red ghrelin analog, [Dpr(3)(octanoyl), Lys(19)(Cy5)]ghrelin (1-19), and show that it can be used to image changes in GHS-R in developing cardiomyocytes. We also generated the des-acyl analog, des-acyl [Lys(19)(Cy5)]ghrelin (1-19) and characterized its binding to mouse heart sections. Receptor binding affinity of Cy5-ghrelin as measured in HEK293 cells overexpressing GHS-R1a was within an order of magnitude of that of fluorescein-ghrelin and native human ghrelin, while the des-acyl Cy5-ghrelin did not bind GHS-R1a. Live cell imaging in HEK293/GHS-R1a cells showed cell surface labeling that was displaced by excess ghrelin. Interestingly, Cy5-ghrelin, but not the des-acyl analog, showed concentration-dependent binding in mouse heart tissue sections. We then used Cy5-ghrelin to track GHS-R expression in P19-derived cardiomyocytes. Live cell imaging at different time points after DMSO-induced differentiation showed that GHS-R expression preceded that of the differentiation marker aMHC and tracked with the contractility marker SERCA 2a. Our far-red analog of ghrelin adds to the tools we are developing to map GHS-R in developing and diseased cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A F Douglas
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Carlie L Charlton
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Dov B Kagan
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Lisa M Hoffman
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Departments of Pathology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada.
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25
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Yilbas AE, Hamilton A, Wang Y, Mach H, Lacroix N, Davis DR, Chen J, Li Q. Activation of GATA4 gene expression at the early stage of cardiac specification. Front Chem 2014; 2:12. [PMID: 24790981 PMCID: PMC3982529 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective treatments to directly repair damaged heart tissue after cardiac injury since existing therapies focus on rescuing or preserving reversibly damaged tissue. Cell-based therapies using cardiomyocytes generated from stem cells present a promising therapeutic approach to directly replace damaged myocardium with new healthy tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the commitment of stem cells into cardiomyocytes are not fully understood and will be critical to guide this new technology into the clinic. Since GATA4 is a critical regulator of cardiac differentiation, we examined the molecular basis underlying the early activation of GATA4 gene expression during cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Our studies demonstrate the direct involvement of histone acetylation and transcriptional coactivator p300 in the regulation of GATA4 gene expression. More importantly, we show that histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity is important for GATA4 gene expression with the use of curcumin, a HAT inhibitor. In addition, the widely used histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid enhances both histone acetylation and cardiac specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse E Yilbas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymn Mach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natascha Lacroix
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Mike AK, Koenig X, Koley M, Heher P, Wahl G, Rubi L, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD, Weitzer G, Hilber K. Small molecule cardiogenol C upregulates cardiac markers and induces cardiac functional properties in lineage-committed progenitor cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 33:205-21. [PMID: 24481283 PMCID: PMC4389081 DOI: 10.1159/000356663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cell transplantation into the heart is a new therapy after myocardial infarction. Its success, however, is impeded by poor donor cell survival and by limited transdifferentiation of the transplanted cells into functional cardiomyocytes. A promising strategy to overcome these problems is the induction of cardiomyogenic properties in donor cells by small molecules. METHODS Here we studied cardiomyogenic effects of the small molecule compound cardiogenol C (CgC), and structural derivatives thereof, on lineage-committed progenitor cells by various molecular biological, biochemical, and functional assays. RESULTS Treatment with CgC up-regulated cardiac marker expression in skeletal myoblasts. Importantly, the compound also induced cardiac functional properties: first, cardiac-like sodium currents in skeletal myoblasts, and secondly, spontaneous contractions in cardiovascular progenitor cell-derived cardiac bodies. CONCLUSION CgC induces cardiomyogenic function in lineage-committed progenitor cells, and can thus be considered a promising tool to improve cardiac repair by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes K. Mike
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Moumita Koley
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology
| | - Philipp Heher
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Wahl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Lena Rubi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology
| | | | - Georg Weitzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
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Agarwal P, Zhao S, Bielecki P, Rao W, Choi JK, Zhao Y, Yu J, Zhang W, He X. One-step microfluidic generation of pre-hatching embryo-like core-shell microcapsules for miniaturized 3D culture of pluripotent stem cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4525-33. [PMID: 24113543 PMCID: PMC3848340 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel core-shell microcapsule system is developed in this study to mimic the miniaturized 3D architecture of pre-hatching embryos with an aqueous liquid-like core of embryonic cells and a hydrogel-shell of zona pellucida. This is done by microfabricating a non-planar microfluidic flow-focusing device that enables one-step generation of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell and an aqueous liquid core of cells from two aqueous fluids. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells encapsulated in the liquid core are found to survive well (>92%). Moreover, ~20 ES cells in the core can proliferate to form a single ES cell aggregate in each microcapsule within 7 days while at least a few hundred cells are usually needed by the commonly used hanging-drop method to form an embryoid body (EB) in each hanging drop. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses show significantly higher expression of pluripotency marker genes in the 3D aggregated ES cells compared to the cells under 2D culture. The aggregated ES cells can be efficiently differentiated into beating cardiomyocytes using a small molecule (cardiogenol C) without complex combination of multiple growth factors. Taken together, the novel 3D microfluidic and pre-hatching embryo-like microcapsule systems are of importance to facilitate in vitro culture of pluripotent stem cells for their ever-increasing use in modern cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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28
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Shu Z, Heimfeld S, Gao D. Hematopoietic SCT with cryopreserved grafts: adverse reactions after transplantation and cryoprotectant removal before infusion. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:469-76. [PMID: 24076548 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been successfully developed as a part of treatment protocols for a large number of clinical indications, and cryopreservation of both autologous and allogeneic sources of HSC grafts is increasingly being used to facilitate logistical challenges in coordinating the collection, processing, preparation, quality control testing and release of the final HSC product with delivery to the patient. Direct infusion of cryopreserved cell products into patients has been associated with the development of adverse reactions, ranging from relatively mild symptoms to much more serious, life-threatening complications, including allergic/gastrointestinal/cardiovascular/neurological complications, renal/hepatic dysfunctions, and so on. In many cases, the cryoprotective agent (CPA) used-which is typically dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-is believed to be the main causal agent of these adverse reactions and thus many studies recommend depletion of DMSO before cell infusion. In this paper, we will briefly review the history of HSC cryopreservation, the side effects reported after transplantation, along with advances in strategies for reducing the adverse reactions, including methods and devices for removal of DMSO. Strategies to minimize adverse effects include medication before and after transplantation, optimizing the infusion procedure, reducing the DMSO concentration or using alternative CPAs for cryopreservation and removing DMSO before infusion. For DMSO removal, besides the traditional and widely applied method of centrifugation, new approaches have been explored in the past decade, such as filtration by spinning membrane, stepwise dilution-centrifugation using rotating syringe, diffusion-based DMSO extraction in microfluidic channels, dialysis and dilution-filtration through hollow-fiber dialyzers and some instruments (CytoMate, Sepax S-100, Cobe 2991, microfluidic channels, dilution-filtration system, etc.) as well. However, challenges still remain: development of the optimal (fast, safe, simple, automated, controllable, effective and low cost) methods and devices for CPA removal with minimum cell loss and damage remains an unfilled need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Heimfeld
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abbey D, Seshagiri PB. Aza-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 EC-cells by epigenetic co-regulation and ERK signaling. Gene 2013; 526:364-73. [PMID: 23747406 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in cell based therapy for cardiac injury is being potentially considered. However, genetic regulatory networks involved in cardiac differentiation are not clearly understood. Among stem cell differentiation models, mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells, are employed for studying (epi)genetic regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we comprehensively assessed cardiogenic differentiation potential of 5-azacytidine (Aza) on P19 EC-cells, associated gene expression profiles and the changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and activated-ERK signaling status during differentiation. Initial exposure of Aza to cultured EC-cells leads to an efficient (55%) differentiation to cardiomyocyte-rich embryoid bodies with a threefold (16.8%) increase in the cTnI+ cardiomyocytes. Expression levels of cardiac-specific gene markers i.e., Isl-1, BMP-2, GATA-4, and α-MHC were up-regulated following Aza induction, accompanied by differential changes in their methylation status particularly that of BMP-2 and α-MHC. Additionally, increases in the levels of acetylated-H3 and pERK were observed during Aza-induced cardiac differentiation. These studies demonstrate that Aza is a potent cardiac inducer when treated during the initial phase of differentiation of mouse P19 EC-cells and its effect is brought about epigenetically and co-ordinatedly by hypo-methylation and histone acetylation-mediated hyper-expression of cardiogenesis-associated genes and involving activation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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30
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Jung DW, Williams DR. Reawakening atlas: chemical approaches to repair or replace dysfunctional musculature. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1773-90. [PMID: 23043623 DOI: 10.1021/cb3003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle diseases are major health concerns. For example, ischemic heart disease is the third most common cause of death. Cell therapy is an attractive approach for treating muscle diseases, although this is hampered by the need to generate large numbers of functional muscle cells. Small molecules have become established as attractive tools for modulating cell behavior and, in this review, we discuss the recent, rapid research advances made in the development of small molecule methods to facilitate the production of functional cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells. We also describe how new developments in small molecule strategies for muscle disease aim to induce repair and remodelling of the damaged tissues in situ. Recent progress has been made in developing small molecule cocktails that induce skeletal muscle regeneration, and these are discussed in a broader context, because a similar phenomenon occurs in the early stages of salamander appendage regeneration. Although formidable technical hurdles still remain, these new advances in small molecule-based methodologies should provide hope that cell therapies for patients suffering from muscle disease can be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong,
Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong,
Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Pal R, Mamidi MK, Das AK, Bhonde R. Diverse effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the differentiation potential of human embryonic stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:651-61. [PMID: 22105179 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro disease modeling using pluripotent stem cells can be a fast track screening tool for toxicological testing of candidate drug molecules. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most commonly used solvents in drug screening. In the present investigation, we exposed 14- to 21-day-old embryoid bodies (EBs) to three different concentrations of DMSO [0.01% (low dose), 0.1% (medium dose) and 1.0% (high dose)] to identify the safest dose that could effectively be used as solvent. We found that DMSO treatment substantially altered the morphology and attachment of cells in concurrence with a significant reduction in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression studies revealed a selective downregulation of key markers associated with stemness (Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog and Rex-1); ectoderm (Nestin, TuJ1, NEFH and Keratin-15); mesoderm (HAND-1, MEF-2C, GATA-4 and cardiac-actin); and endoderm (SOX-17, HNF-3β, GATA-6 and albumin), indicating an aberrant and untimely differentiation trajectory. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and histological analyses demonstrated substantial decrease in the levels of albumin and CK-18 proteins coupled with a massive reduction in the number of cells positive for PAS staining, implicating reduced deposits of glycogen. Our study advocates for the first time that DMSO exposure not only affects the phenotypic characteristics but also induces significant alteration in gene expression, protein content and functionality of the differentiated hepatic cells. Overall, our experiments warrant that hESC-based assays can provide timely alerts about the outcome of widespread applications of DMSO as drug solvent, cryoprotectant and differentiating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Pal
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India
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Ao A, Hao J, Hong CC. Regenerative chemical biology: current challenges and future potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:413-24. [PMID: 21513877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The enthusiasm surrounding the clinical potential of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is tempered by the fact that key issues regarding their safety, efficacy, and long-term benefits have thus far been suboptimal. Small molecules can potentially relieve these problems at major junctions of stem cell biology and regenerative therapy. In this review we will introduce recent advances in these important areas and the first generation of small molecules used in the regenerative context. Current chemical biology studies will provide the archetype for future interdisciplinary collaborations and improve clinical benefits of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 383 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Liu W, Foley AC. Signaling pathways in early cardiac development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 3:191-205. [PMID: 20830688 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte differentiation is a complex multistep process requiring the proper temporal and spatial integration of multiple signaling pathways. Previous embryological and genetic studies have identified a number of signaling pathways that are critical to mediate the initial formation of the mesoderm and its allocation to the cardiomyocyte lineage. It has become clear that some of these signaling networks work autonomously, in differentiating myocardial cells whereas others work non-autonomously, in neighboring tissues, to regulate cardiac differentiation indirectly. Here, we provide an overview of three signaling networks that mediate cardiomyocyte specification and review recent insights into their specific roles in heart development. In addition, we demonstrate how systems level, 'omic approaches' and other high-throughput techniques such as small molecules screens are beginning to impact our understanding of cardiomyocyte specification and, to identify novel signaling pathways involved in this process. In particular, it now seems clear that at least one chemokine receptor CXCR4 is an important marker for cardiomyocyte progenitors and may play a functional role in their differentiation. Finally, we discuss some gaps in our current understanding of early lineage selection that could be addressed by various types of omic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Liu
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Aguiar DP, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Abreu JG. CCN2/CTGF silencing blocks cell aggregation in embryonal carcinoma P19 cell. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:200-5. [PMID: 21344133 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular-secreted protein involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. The P19 cell line is an embryonic carcinoma line widely used as a cellular model for differentiation and migration studies. In the present study, we employed an exogenous source of CCN2 and small interference RNA to address the role of CCN2 in the P19 cell aggregation phenomenon. Our data showed that increasing CCN2 protein concentrations from 0.1 to 20 nM decreased the number of cell clusters and dramatically increased cluster size without changing proliferation or cell survival, suggesting that CCN2 induced aggregation. In addition, CCN2 specific silencing inhibited typical P19 cell aggregation, which could be partially rescued by 20 nM CCN2. The present study demonstrates that CCN2 is a key molecule for cell aggregation of embryonic P19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Aguiar
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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