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Bueno-Sánchez JC, Gómez-Gutiérrez AM, Maldonado-Estrada JG, Quintana-Castillo JC. Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087845. [PMID: 37206444 PMCID: PMC10190602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem disorder characterized by altered trophoblast invasion, oxidative stress, exacerbation of systemic inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. The pathogenesis includes hypertension and mild-to-severe microangiopathy in the kidney, liver, placenta, and brain. The main mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis have been proposed to limit trophoblast invasion and increase the release of extracellular vesicles from the syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation, exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. The placenta expresses glycans as part of its development and maternal immune tolerance during gestation. The expression profile of glycans at the maternal-fetal interface may play a fundamental role in physiological pregnancy changes and disorders such as preeclampsia. It is unclear whether glycans and their lectin-like receptors are involved in the mechanisms of maternal-fetal recognition by immune cells during pregnancy homeostasis. The expression profile of glycans appears to be altered in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which could lead to alterations in the placental microenvironment and vascular endothelium in pregnancy conditions such as preeclampsia. Glycans with immunomodulatory properties at the maternal-fetal interface are altered in early-onset severe preeclampsia, implying that innate immune system components, such as NK cells, exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of glycans in gestational physiology and the perspective of glycobiology on the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares en Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVATREM), Chillan, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research & Development (OHVRI) Research Group, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Puchwein-Schwepcke A, Genzel-Boroviczény O, Nussbaum C. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: Physiology and Pathology in Neonates, Infants and Children. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733557. [PMID: 34540845 PMCID: PMC8440834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) as part of the endothelial surface layer (ESL) is an important regulator of vascular function and homeostasis, including permeability, vascular tone, leukocyte recruitment and coagulation. Located at the interface between the endothelium and the blood stream, this highly fragile structure is prone to many disruptive factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Shedding of the EG has been described in various acute and chronic diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction and angiopathy, such as sepsis, trauma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Circulating EG components including syndecan-1, hyaluronan and heparan sulfate are being evaluated in animal and clinical studies as diagnostic and prognostic markers in several pathologies, and advances in microscopic techniques have enabled in vivo assessment of the EG. While research regarding the EG in adult physiology and pathology has greatly advanced throughout the last decades, our knowledge of the development of the glycocalyx and its involvement in pathological conditions in the pediatric population is limited. Current evidence suggests that the EG is present early during fetal development and plays a critical role in vessel formation and maturation. Like in adults, EG shedding has been demonstrated in acute inflammatory conditions in infants and children and chronic diseases with childhood-onset. However, the underlying mechanisms and their contribution to disease manifestation and progression still need to be established. In the future, the glycocalyx might serve as a marker to identify pediatric patients at risk for vascular sequelae and as a potential target for early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Puchwein-Schwepcke
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczény
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Nussbaum
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sheppard DJ, Cameron SA, Tyler PC, Schwörer R. Comparison of disaccharide donors for heparan sulfate synthesis: uronic acids vs. their pyranose equivalents. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4728-4733. [PMID: 32531013 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Late oxidation of hexose based building blocks or the use of uronic acid containing building blocks are two complementary strategies in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, the latter simplifiying the later stages of the process. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of various disaccharide donors-uronic acids and their pyranose equivalents-for the synthesis of heparan sulfate, using an established protective group strategy. Hexose based "imidate" type donors perform well in the studied glycosylations, while their corresponding uronate esters fall short; a uronate ester thioglycoside performs equal to, if not better than, a hexose thioglycoside equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sheppard
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Scott A Cameron
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Peter C Tyler
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
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Datta P, Fu L, He W, Koffas MAG, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Expression of enzymes for 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) biosynthesis and their preparation for PAPS synthesis and regeneration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7067-7078. [PMID: 32601738 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfated polysaccharides involves the sulfation of simpler polysaccharide substrates, through the action sulfotransferases using the cofactor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Three enzymes are essential for the in vitro synthesis of PAPS, namely, pyrophosphatase (PPA), adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and ATP sulfurylase (ATPS). The optimized enzyme expression ratio and effect on PAPS synthesis were evaluated using ePathBrick, a novel synthetic biology tool that assemble multiple genes in a single vector. The introduction of multiple promoters and stop codons at different location enable the bacterial system to fine tune expression level of the genes inserted. Recombinant vectors expressing PPA (U39393.1), ATPS (CP021243.1), and PPA (CP047127.1) were used for fermentations and resulted in volumetric yields of 400-1380 mg/L with accumulation of 34-66% in the soluble fraction. The enzymes from soluble fraction, without any further purification, were used for PAPS synthesis. The PAPS was used for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a heparan sulfate polysaccharide and coupled with a PAPS-ASTIV regeneration system. ASTIV catalyzes the regeneration of PAPS. A recombinant vector expressing the enzyme ASTIV (from Rattus norvegicus) was used for fermentations and resulted in volumetric yield of 1153 mg/L enzyme with accumulation of 48% in the soluble fraction. In conclusion, we have successfully utilized a metabolic engineering approach to optimize the overall PAPS synthesis productivity. In addition, we have demonstrated that the ePathBrick system could be applied towards study and improvement of enzymatic synthesis conditions. In parallel, we have successfully demonstrated an autoinduction microbial fermentation towards the production of mammalian enzyme (ASTIV). KEY POINTS : • ePathBrick used to optimize expression levels of enzymes. • Protocols have been used for the production of recombinant enzymes. • High cell density fed-batch fermentations with high yields of soluble enzymes. • Robust fermentation protocol successfully transferred to contract manufacturing and research facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Wenqin He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - M A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - J S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - R J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Li X, Zheng Y, Hou L, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Jia L, Li W. Exosomes derived from maxillary BMSCs enhanced the osteogenesis in iliac BMSCs. Oral Dis 2019; 26:131-144. [PMID: 31541596 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Liyu Hou
- Department of Stomatology Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
- Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
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Schwörer R, Zubkova OV, Turnbull JE, Tyler PC. Synthesis of a targeted library of heparan sulfate hexa- to dodecasaccharides as inhibitors of β-secretase: potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Chemistry 2013; 19:6817-23. [PMID: 23553710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HS) are a class of sulfated polysaccharides that function as dynamic biological regulators of the functions of diverse proteins. The structural basis of these interactions, however, remains elusive, and chemical synthesis of defined structures represents a challenging but powerful approach for unravelling the structure-activity relationships of their complex sulfation patterns. HS has been shown to function as an inhibitor of the β-site cleaving enzyme β-secretase (BACE1), a protease responsible for generating the toxic Aβ peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with 6-O-sulfation identified as a key requirement. Here, we demonstrate a novel generic synthetic approach to HS oligosaccharides applied to production of a library of 16 hexa- to dodecasaccharides targeted at BACE1 inhibition. Screening of this library provided new insights into structure-activity relationships for optimal BACE1 inhibition, and yielded a number of potent non-anticoagulant BACE1 inhibitors with potential for development as leads for treatment of AD through lowering of Aβ peptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schwörer
- Carbohydrate Chemistry, Industrial Research, Ltd. P. O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Purushothaman A, Sugahara K, Faissner A. Chondroitin sulfate "wobble motifs" modulate maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells and their progeny. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:2935-42. [PMID: 22094467 PMCID: PMC3270950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.298430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans, major components of the central nervous system, have the potential to interact with a wide range of growth factors and neurotrophic factors that influence neuronal migration, axon guidance pathways, and neurite outgrowth. Recent studies have also revealed the role of CS/DS chains in the orchestration of the neural stem/progenitor cell micromilieu. Individual functional proteins recognize a set of multiple overlapping oligosaccharide sequences decorated to give different sulfation patterns, which are termed here "wobble CS/DS oligosaccharide motifs," and induce signaling pathways essential for the proliferation, self-renewal, and cell lineage commitment of neural stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- the Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Frontier Research Center for Post-genomic Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Andreas Faissner
- the Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University , 44801 Bochum, Germany
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