1
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Jäntti H, Kistemaker L, Buonfiglioli A, De Witte LD, Malm T, Hol EM. Emerging Models to Study Human Microglia In vitro. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:545-568. [PMID: 39207712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
New in vitro models provide an exciting opportunity to study live human microglia. Previously, a major limitation in understanding human microglia in health and disease has been their limited availability. Here, we provide an overview of methods to obtain human stem cell or blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells that provide a nearly unlimited source of live human microglia for research. We address how understanding microglial ontogeny can help modeling microglial identity and function in a dish with increased accuracy. Moreover, we categorize stem cell-derived differentiation methods into embryoid body based, growth factor driven, and coculture-driven approaches, and review novel viral approaches to reprogram stem cells directly into microglia-like cells. Furthermore, we review typical readouts used in the field to verify microglial identity and characterize functional microglial phenotypes. We provide an overview of methods used to study microglia in environments more closely resembling the (developing) human CNS, such as cocultures and brain organoid systems with incorporated or innately developing microglia. We highlight how microglia-like cells can be utilized to reveal molecular and functional mechanisms in human disease context, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as neurodevelopmental diseases. Finally, we provide a critical overview of challenges and future opportunities to more accurately model human microglia in a dish and conclude that novel in vitro microglia-like cells provide an exciting potential to bring preclinical research of microglia to a new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Jäntti
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lois Kistemaker
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Buonfiglioli
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D De Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Ding J, Li Y, Larochelle A. De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:321. [PMID: 36672255 PMCID: PMC9857267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capabilities. This review examines how key intrinsic cues and extrinsic environmental inputs have been integrated within human PSC differentiation protocols to enhance the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis and how advances in genomics set the stage for imminent breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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MacDonnell S, Megna J, Ruan Q, Zhu O, Halasz G, Jasewicz D, Powers K, E H, del Pilar Molina-Portela M, Jin X, Zhang D, Torello J, Feric NT, Graziano MP, Shekhar A, Dunn ME, Glass D, Morton L. Activin A directly impairs human cardiomyocyte contractile function indicating a potential role in heart failure development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1038114. [PMID: 36440002 PMCID: PMC9685658 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1038114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A has been linked to cardiac dysfunction in aging and disease, with elevated circulating levels found in patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Here, we investigated whether Activin A directly impairs cardiomyocyte (CM) contractile function and kinetics utilizing cell, tissue, and animal models. Hydrodynamic gene delivery-mediated overexpression of Activin A in wild-type mice was sufficient to impair cardiac function, and resulted in increased cardiac stress markers (N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) and cardiac atrophy. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC) CMs, Activin A caused increased phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and significantly upregulated SERPINE1 and FSTL3 (markers of SMAD2/3 activation and activin signaling, respectively). Activin A signaling in hiPSC-CMs resulted in impaired contractility, prolonged relaxation kinetics, and spontaneous beating in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the cardiac cellular source of Activin A, inflammatory cytokines were applied to human cardiac fibroblasts. Interleukin -1β induced a strong upregulation of Activin A. Mechanistically, we observed that Activin A-treated hiPSC-CMs exhibited impaired diastolic calcium handling with reduced expression of calcium regulatory genes (SERCA2, RYR2, CACNB2). Importantly, when Activin A was inhibited with an anti-Activin A antibody, maladaptive calcium handling and CM contractile dysfunction were abrogated. Therefore, inflammatory cytokines may play a key role by acting on cardiac fibroblasts, causing local upregulation of Activin A that directly acts on CMs to impair contractility. These findings demonstrate that Activin A acts directly on CMs, which may contribute to the cardiac dysfunction seen in aging populations and in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Megna
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Qin Ruan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Zhu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Gabor Halasz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Dan Jasewicz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Kristi Powers
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Hock E
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | | | - Ximei Jin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Dongqin Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | | | - Nicole T. Feric
- TARA Biosystems Inc., Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael P. Graziano
- TARA Biosystems Inc., Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - David Glass
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Lori Morton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
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4
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: New Perspectives for Preclinical Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092335. [PMID: 34571984 PMCID: PMC8465353 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a malignant myeloproliferative disorder arising in infants and young children. The origin of this neoplasm is attributed to an early deregulation of the Ras signaling pathway in multipotent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Since JMML is notoriously refractory to conventional cytostatic therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the mainstay of curative therapy for most cases. However, alternative therapeutic approaches with small epigenetic molecules have recently entered the stage and show surprising efficacy at least in specific subsets of patients. Hence, the establishment of preclinical models to test novel agents is a priority. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) offer an opportunity to imitate JMML ex vivo, after attempts to generate immortalized cell lines from primary JMML material have largely failed in the past. Several research groups have previously generated patient-derived JMML IPSCs and successfully differentiated these into myeloid cells with extensive phenotypic similarities to primary JMML cells. With infinite self-renewal and the capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, JMML IPSCs are a promising resource to advance the development of treatment modalities targeting specific vulnerabilities. This review discusses current reprogramming techniques for JMML stem/progenitor cells, related clinical applications, and the challenges involved.
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5
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Lyadova I, Gerasimova T, Nenasheva T. Macrophages Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Diversity of Protocols, Future Prospects, and Outstanding Questions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640703. [PMID: 34150747 PMCID: PMC8207294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMphs) represent a novel and promising model for studying human Mφ function and differentiation and developing new therapeutic strategies based on or oriented at Mφs. iMphs have several advantages over the traditionally used human Mφ models, such as immortalized cell lines and monocyte-derived Mφs. The advantages include the possibility of obtaining genetically identical and editable cells in a potentially scalable way. Various applications of iMphs are being developed, and their number is rapidly growing. However, the protocols of iMph differentiation that are currently used vary substantially, which may lead to differences in iMph differentiation trajectories and properties. Standardization of the protocols and identification of minimum required conditions that would allow obtaining iMphs in a large-scale, inexpensive, and clinically suitable mode are needed for future iMph applications. As a first step in this direction, the current review discusses the fundamental basis for the generation of human iMphs, performs a detailed analysis of the generalities and the differences between iMph differentiation protocols currently employed, and discusses the prospects of iMph applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Fischer K, Hildebrand L, Haupt J, Stachelscheid H, Knaus P. ActivinA Induced SMAD1/5 Signaling in an iPSC Derived EC Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Can Be Rescued by the Drug Candidate Saracatinib. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1039-1052. [PMID: 33410098 PMCID: PMC8166717 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Balanced signal transduction is crucial in tissue patterning, particularly in the vasculature. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is tightly linked to vascularization with increased vessel number in hereditary forms of HO, such as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). FOP is caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 leading to aberrant SMAD1/5 signaling in response to ActivinA. Whether observed vascular phenotype in human FOP lesions is connected to aberrant ActivinA signaling is unknown. Blocking of ActivinA prevents HO in FOP mice indicating a central role of the ligand in FOP. Here, we established a new FOP endothelial cell model generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iECs) to study ActivinA signaling. FOP iECs recapitulate pathogenic ActivinA/SMAD1/5 signaling. Whole transcriptome analysis identified ActivinA mediated activation of the BMP/NOTCH pathway exclusively in FOP iECs, which was rescued to WT transcriptional levels by the drug candidate Saracatinib. We propose that ActivinA causes transcriptional pre-patterning of the FOP endothelium, which might contribute to differential vascularity in FOP lesions compared to non-hereditary HO. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Fischer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrand
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Haupt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Cottone L, Cribbs AP, Khandelwal G, Wells G, Ligammari L, Philpott M, Tumber A, Lombard P, Hookway ES, Szommer T, Johansson C, Brennan PE, Pillay N, Jenner RG, Oppermann U, Flanagan AM. Inhibition of Histone H3K27 Demethylases Inactivates Brachyury (TBXT) and Promotes Chordoma Cell Death. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4540-4551. [PMID: 32855205 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the transcription factor brachyury (TBXT) is normally restricted to the embryo, and its silencing is epigenetically regulated. TBXT promotes mesenchymal transition in a subset of common carcinomas, and in chordoma, a rare cancer showing notochordal differentiation, TBXT acts as a putative oncogene. We hypothesized that TBXT expression is controlled through epigenetic inhibition to promote chordoma cell death. Screening of five human chordoma cell lines revealed that pharmacologic inhibition of the histone 3 lysine 27 demethylases KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3) leads to cell death. This effect was phenocopied by dual genetic inactivation of KDM6A/B using CRISPR/Cas9. Inhibition of KDM6A/B with a novel compound KDOBA67 led to a genome-wide increase in repressive H3K27me3 marks with concomitant reduction in active H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3 marks. TBXT was a KDM6A/B target gene, and chromatin changes at TBXT following KDOBA67 treatment were associated with a reduction in TBXT protein levels in all models tested, including primary patient-derived cultures. In all models tested, KDOBA67 treatment downregulated expression of a network of transcription factors critical for chordoma survival and upregulated pathways dominated by ATF4-driven stress and proapoptotic responses. Blocking the AFT4 stress response did not prevent suppression of TBXT and induction of cell death, but ectopic overexpression of TBXT increased viability, therefore implicating TBXT as a potential therapeutic target of H3K27 demethylase inhibitors in chordoma. Our work highlights how knowledge of normal processes in fetal development can provide insight into tumorigenesis and identify novel therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacologic inhibition of H3K27-demethylases in human chordoma cells promotes epigenetic silencing of oncogenic TBXT, alters gene networks critical to survival, and represents a potential novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cottone
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Garima Khandelwal
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Wells
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Ligammari
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Philpott
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Lombard
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward S Hookway
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Szommer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Jenner
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- FRIAS - Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhang J, Xu Y, Liu T, Min J, Ma Y, Song Y, Lu J, Mi W, Wang Y, Li H, Li W, Zhao D. In vivo construction of lymphoid node by implantation of adipose-derived stromal cells with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hydrogel in BALB/c nude mice. Organogenesis 2019; 15:85-99. [PMID: 31448695 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1656994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells have multilineage potential to differentiate into several specialized tissue types. Herein, we investigated whether ADSCs could differentiate into lymphoid node in vivo. Human ADSCs from routine liposuction were cultured in differentiation medium and were supplemented with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF)-β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The induced hADSCs mixed with 13% (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were injected into BALB/c nude mice subcutaneously. Eight weeks later, nodules were found under the injected sites. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and species identification analysis confirmed that the nodules were lymphoid nodes that were derived from the injected hADSCs. Our experiment demonstrated that the hADSCs could differentiate into lymphocyte-like cells and form lymphoid nodes in vivo. TGF-β1 and bFGF might play important roles in the differentiation of hADSCs into lymphocyte-like cells. Our study might present an alternative approach for engineering immune organs and thus offer potential treatment for immunodeficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the second affiliated hospital.,Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, No.371 Central Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Xinxiang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Tao Liu
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Jie Min
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Yongli Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Jianrong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Wenjuan Mi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, the first affiliated hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Wangzhou Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns, the second affiliated hospital; Air Force Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the second affiliated hospital
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9
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Wang Y, Gao J, Wang H, Wang M, Wen Y, Guo J, Su P, Shi L, Zhou W, Zhou J. R-spondin2 promotes hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by activating TGF beta signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 31109354 PMCID: PMC6528258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide supplies of potential functional blood cells to suffice the clinical needs. However, the underlying mechanism of generating genuine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and functional blood cells from hPSCs remains largely elusive. METHOD In this study, we supplied R-spondin2 exogenously during hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs under various culture conditions and analyzed the production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We further added R-spondin2 at different temporal window to pin down the stage at which R-spondin2 conferred its effects. RNA-SEQ-based gene profiling was applied to analyze genes with significantly altered expression and altered signaling pathways. Finally, megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation were determined using HPCs with R-spondin2 treatment. RESULTS We found that R-spondin2 generated by hematopoiesis-supporting stromal cells significantly enhances hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs. Supply of R-spondin2 exogenously at the early stage of mesoderm differentiation elevates the generation of APLNR+ cells. Furthermore, early treatment of cells with R-spondin2 enables us to increase the output of hPSC-derived platelet-like particles (PLPs) with intact function. At the mechanistic level, R-spondin2 activates TGF-β signaling to promote the hematopoietic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a transient supply of R-spondin2 can efficiently promote hematopoietic development by activating both WNT and TGF-β signaling. R-spondin2 can be therefore used as a powerful tool for large-scale generation of functional hematopoietic progenitors and platelets for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yv Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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10
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Beisaw A, Tsaytler P, Koch F, Schmitz SU, Melissari MT, Senft AD, Wittler L, Pennimpede T, Macura K, Herrmann BG, Grote P. BRACHYURY directs histone acetylation to target loci during mesoderm development. EMBO Rep 2017; 19:118-134. [PMID: 29141987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factors play essential roles in multiple aspects of vertebrate development. Here, we show that cooperative function of BRACHYURY (T) with histone-modifying enzymes is essential for mouse embryogenesis. A single point mutation (TY88A) results in decreased histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at T target sites, including the T locus, suggesting that T autoregulates the maintenance of its expression and functions by recruiting permissive chromatin modifications to putative enhancers during mesoderm specification. Our data indicate that T mediates H3K27ac recruitment through a physical interaction with p300. In addition, we determine that T plays a prominent role in the specification of hematopoietic and endothelial cell types. Hematopoietic and endothelial gene expression programs are disrupted in TY88A mutant embryos, leading to a defect in the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. We show that this role of T is mediated, at least in part, through activation of a distal Lmo2 enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pavel Tsaytler
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Koch
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra U Schmitz
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna D Senft
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wittler
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tracie Pennimpede
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karol Macura
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Grote
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany .,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Tesarova L, Simara P, Stejskal S, Koutna I. Hematopoietic Developmental Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Is Accompanied by the Morphology of Embryoid Bodies and the Expression of Endodermal and Hematopoietic Markers. Cell Reprogram 2017. [PMID: 28632430 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential clinical applications of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are limited by the difficulty of recapitulating embryoid hematopoiesis and by the unknown differentiation potential of hPSC lines. To evaluate their hematopoietic developmental potential, available hPSC lines were differentiated by an embryoid body (EB) suspension culture in serum-free medium supplemented with three different cytokine mixes (CMs). The hPSC differentiation status was investigated by the flow cytometry expression profiles of cell surface molecules, and the gene expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers over time was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). hPSC lines differed in several aspects of the differentiation process, including the absolute yield of hematopoietic progenitors, the proportion of hematopoietic progenitor populations, and the effect of various CMs. The ability to generate hematopoietic progenitors was then associated with the morphology of the developing EBs, the expression of the endodermal markers AFP and SOX17, and the hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1. These findings deepen the knowledge about the hematopoietic propensity of hPSCs and identify its variability as an aspect that must be taken into account before the usage of hPSC-derived HSCs in downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Tesarova
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Simara
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Stejskal
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Koutna
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Paes BCMF, Moço PD, Pereira CG, Porto GS, de Sousa Russo EM, Reis LCJ, Covas DT, Picanço-Castro V. Ten years of iPSC: clinical potential and advances in vitro hematopoietic differentiation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:233-250. [PMID: 28039590 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten years have passed since the first publication announcing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Issues related to ethics, immune rejection, and cell availability seemed to be solved following this breakthrough. The development of iPSC technology allows advances in in vitro cell differentiation for cell therapy purpose and other clinical applications. This review provides a perspective on the iPSC potential for cell therapies, particularly for hematological applications. We discuss the advances in in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the possibilities to employ iPSC in hematology studies, and their potential clinical application in hematologic diseases. The generation of red blood cells and functional T cells and the genome editing technology applied to mutation correction are also covered. We highlight some of the requirements and obstacles to be overcome before translating these cells from research to the clinic, for instance, iPSC variability, genotoxicity, the differentiation process, and engraftment. Also, we evaluate the patent landscape and compile the clinical trials in the field of pluripotent stem cells. Currently, we know much more about iPSC than in 2006, but there are still challenges that must be solved. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of hematopoietic stem cells is necessary to produce suitable and transplantable hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from iPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gonçalves Pereira
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geciane Silveira Porto
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil.
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13
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Lee JB, Graham M, Collins TJ, Lee JH, Hong SH, Mcnicol AJ, Shapovalova Z, Bhatia M. Reversible lineage-specific priming of human embryonic stem cells can be exploited to optimize the yield of differentiated cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1142-52. [PMID: 25639500 PMCID: PMC4413029 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) requires efficient cellular expansion that must be paired with an ability to generate specialized progeny through differentiation. Self-renewal and differentiation are deemed inherent hallmarks of hESCs and a growing body of evidence suggests that initial culture conditions dictate these two aspects of hESC behavior. Here, we reveal that defined culture conditions using commercial mTeSR1 media augment the expansion of hESCs and enhance their capacity for neural differentiation at the expense of hematopoietic lineage competency without affecting pluripotency. This culture-induced modification was shown to be reversible, as culture in mouse embryonic fibroblast-conditioned media (MEF-CM) in subsequent passages allowed mTeSR1-expanded hESCs to re-establish hematopoietic differentiation potential. Optimal yield of hematopoietic cells can be achieved by expansion in mTeSR1 followed by a recovery period in MEF-CM. Furthermore, the lineage propensity to hematopoietic and neural cell types could be predicted via analysis of surrogate markers expressed by hESCs cultured in mTeSR1 versus MEF-CM, thereby circumventing laborious in vitro differentiation assays. Our study reveals that hESCs exist in a range of functional states and balance expansion with differentiation potential, which can be modulated by culture conditions in a predictive and quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Hirota S, Ogawa M. Activin A in combination with OP9 cells facilitates development of Flk-1+ PDGFRα− and Flk-1+ PDGFRα+ hematopoietic mesodermal cells from murine embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:583-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Parikh A, Wu J, Blanton RM, Tzanakakis ES. Signaling Pathways and Gene Regulatory Networks in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:377-92. [PMID: 25813860 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for harnessing stem cells as a source to treat cell loss in heart disease are the subject of intense research. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be expanded extensively in vitro and therefore can potentially provide sufficient quantities of patient-specific differentiated cardiomyocytes. Although multiple stimuli direct heart development, the differentiation process is driven in large part by signaling activity. The engineering of hPSCs to heart cell progeny has extensively relied on establishing proper combinations of soluble signals, which target genetic programs thereby inducing cardiomyocyte specification. Pertinent differentiation strategies have relied as a template on the development of embryonic heart in multiple model organisms. Here, information on the regulation of cardiomyocyte development from in vivo genetic and embryological studies is critically reviewed. A fresh interpretation is provided of in vivo and in vitro data on signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlying cardiopoiesis. The state-of-the-art understanding of signaling pathways and GRNs presented here can inform the design and optimization of methods for the engineering of tissues for heart therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirath Parikh
- 1 Lonza Walkersville, Inc. , Lonza Group, Walkersville, Maryland
| | - Jincheng Wu
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- 3 Division of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute , Tufts Medical Center, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts.,4 Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) , Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Wu YT, I-Shing Yu, Tsai KJ, Shih CY, Hwang SM, Su IJ, Chiang PM. Defining minimum essential factors to derive highly pure human endothelial cells from iPS/ES cells in an animal substance-free system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9718. [PMID: 25864432 PMCID: PMC4394195 DOI: 10.1038/srep09718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is desirable to obtain unlimited supplies of endothelial cells for research and therapeutics. However, current methods of deriving endothelial cells from humans suffer from issues, such as limited supplies, contamination from animal substances, and lengthy/complicated procedures. In this article we developed a way to differentiate human iPS and ES cells to highly pure endothelial cells in 5 days. The chemically defined system is robust, easy to perform, and free of animal substances. Using the system, we verified that combined TGFβ and canonical Wnt agonists are essential and sufficient for iPS/ES cell-to-mesoderm transition. Besides, VEGF-KDR signaling alone is required for endothelial formation at high density while supplementation with FGF allows for colonial endothelial differentiation. Finally, anti-adsorptive agents could enrich the endothelial output by allowing selective attachment of the endothelial precursors. The system was validated to work on multiple iPS/ES cells lines to produce endothelial cells capable of forming capillary-like structures in vitro and integrating into host vasculature in vivo. In sum, the simple yet robust differentiation system permits the unlimited supply of human endothelial cells. The defined and animal substance-free nature of the system is compatible with clinical applications and characterization of endothelial differentiation in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Min Chiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Liu S, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Feng B, Huang H. Progress and challenges in generating functional hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:344-58. [PMID: 25680303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro holds great potential for providing alternative sources of donor cells for clinical HSC transplantation. However, the low efficiency of current protocols for generating blood lineages and the dysfunction identified in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells limit their use for full hematopoietic reconstitution in clinics. This review outlines the current understanding of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs, emphasizes the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms that are attributed to the aberrant phenotype and function in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells, pinpoints the current challenges to develop the truly functional HSCs from hPSCs for clinical applications and explores their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; SBS Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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18
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Wamsley JJ, Kumar M, Allison DF, Clift SH, Holzknecht CM, Szymura SJ, Hoang SA, Xu X, Moskaluk CA, Jones DR, Bekiranov S, Mayo MW. Activin upregulation by NF-κB is required to maintain mesenchymal features of cancer stem-like cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 75:426-35. [PMID: 25432175 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Soluble growth factors and cytokines within the tumor microenvironment aid in the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although EMT promotes the development of cancer-initiating cells (CIC), cellular mechanisms by which cancer cells maintain mesenchymal phenotypes remain poorly understood. Work presented here indicates that induction of EMT stimulates non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to secrete soluble factors that function in an autocrine fashion. Using gene expression profiling of all annotated and predicted secreted gene products, we find that NF-κB activity is required to upregulate INHBA/Activin, a morphogen in the TGFβ superfamily. INHBA is capable of inducing and maintaining mesenchymal phenotypes, including the expression of EMT master-switch regulators and self-renewal factors that sustain CIC phenotypes and promote lung metastasis. Our work demonstrates that INHBA mRNA and protein expression are commonly elevated in primary human NSCLC and provide evidence that INHBA is a critical autocrine factor that maintains mesenchymal properties of CICs to promote metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob Wamsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David F Allison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sheena H Clift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Caitlyn M Holzknecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Szymon J Szymura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen A Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - David R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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19
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Uenishi G, Theisen D, Lee JH, Kumar A, Raymond M, Vodyanik M, Swanson S, Stewart R, Thomson J, Slukvin I. Tenascin C promotes hematoendothelial development and T lymphoid commitment from human pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:1073-84. [PMID: 25448067 PMCID: PMC4263995 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of hemogenic endothelium (HE) in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures presents opportunities to investigate signaling pathways that are essential for blood development from endothelium and provides an exploratory platform for de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the use of poorly defined human or animal components limits the utility of the current differentiation systems for studying specific growth factors required for HE induction and manufacturing clinical-grade therapeutic blood cells. Here, we identified chemically defined conditions required to produce HE from hPSCs growing in Essential 8 (E8) medium and showed that Tenascin C (TenC), an extracellular matrix protein associated with HSC niches, strongly promotes HE and definitive hematopoiesis in this system. hPSCs differentiated in chemically defined conditions undergo stages of development similar to those previously described in hPSCs cocultured on OP9 feeders, including the formation of VE-Cadherin+CD73−CD235a/CD43− HE and hematopoietic progenitors with myeloid and T lymphoid potential. Hemogenic endothelium is generated in a completely defined xenogen-free system The system reproduces all stages of hematopoietic development Tenascin C enhances hematoendothelial development from pluripotent stem cells Tenesacin C uniquely supports T cell specification
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Uenishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Derek Theisen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matt Raymond
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Maxim Vodyanik
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - James Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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20
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Pawani H, Nagvenkar P, Pethe P, Bhartiya D. Differentiation of human ES cell line KIND-2 to yield tripotent cardiovascular progenitors. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:82-93. [PMID: 23288411 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the ability to differentiate into all the three lineages and are an ideal starting material to obtain cells of desired lineage for regenerative medicine. Continued efforts are needed to evolve more robust protocols to obtain cells of desired lineages and in larger numbers. Also, it has now been realized that rather than transplanting fully committed cells differentiated in vitro, it may be ideal to transplant committed progenitors which retain the intrinsic ability to proliferate and also differentiate better into multiple lineages based on the in vivo cues. For cardiac regeneration, the desired progenitor is a multipotent cardiovascular progenitor which has the ability to regenerate cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and also smooth muscle cells. The present study was undertaken to carefully compare three widely used protocols to differentiate hESCs into cardiac progenitors, viz., spontaneous differentiation, differentiation by END-2-conditioned medium, and directed differentiation using growth factors followed by quantitative PCR to study the relative expression of early cardiovascular markers. hESC differentiation mimicked the early embryonic development, and the transition into mesoendoderm, mesoderm, early cardiac progenitors, and cardiac cells associated with spontaneous beating was clearly evident in all the three groups. However, compared to spontaneous and END-2-associated differentiation, directed differentiation led to several-fold higher expression of cardiac transcripts (>75-fold Nkx2.5 and >150-fold Tbx5) in response to the stage-specific addition of well-established cardiogenic inducers and inhibitors of specific signaling pathways. We propose to use tripotent cardiovascular progenitors derived by directed differentiation for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Pawani
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
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