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Jiao L, Kang H, Geng Y, Liu X, Wang M, Shu K. The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in neuromodulation therapy: a systematic review from the perspective of neural network oscillations. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1376764. [PMID: 38650866 PMCID: PMC11033491 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1376764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As a crucial component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal forebrain, dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. However, no drugs, including existing cholinesterase inhibitors, have been shown to reverse this dysfunction. Due to advancements in neuromodulation technology, researchers are exploring the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy targeting the NBM (NBM-DBS) to treat mental and neurological disorders as well as the related mechanisms. Herein, we provided an update on the research progress on cognition-related neural network oscillations and complex anatomical and projective relationships between the NBM and other cognitive structures and circuits. Furthermore, we reviewed previous animal studies of NBM lesions, NBM-DBS models, and clinical case studies to summarize the important functions of the NBM in neuromodulation. In addition to elucidating the mechanism of the NBM neural network, future research should focus on to other types of neurons in the NBM, despite the fact that cholinergic neurons are still the key target for cell type-specific activation by DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwu Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huicong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yumei Geng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Tagliatti E, Desiato G, Mancinelli S, Bizzotto M, Gagliani MC, Faggiani E, Hernández-Soto R, Cugurra A, Poliseno P, Miotto M, Argüello RJ, Filipello F, Cortese K, Morini R, Lodato S, Matteoli M. Trem2 expression in microglia is required to maintain normal neuronal bioenergetics during development. Immunity 2024; 57:86-105.e9. [PMID: 38159572 PMCID: PMC10783804 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is a myeloid cell-specific gene expressed in brain microglia, with variants that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Trem2 is essential for microglia-mediated synaptic refinement, but whether Trem2 contributes to shaping neuronal development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Trem2 plays a key role in controlling the bioenergetic profile of pyramidal neurons during development. In the absence of Trem2, developing neurons in the hippocampal cornus ammonis (CA)1 but not in CA3 subfield displayed compromised energetic metabolism, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial mass and abnormal organelle ultrastructure. This was paralleled by the transcriptional rearrangement of hippocampal pyramidal neurons at birth, with a pervasive alteration of metabolic, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial gene signatures, accompanied by a delay in the maturation of CA1 neurons. Our results unveil a role of Trem2 in controlling neuronal development by regulating the metabolic fitness of neurons in a region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tagliatti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Genni Desiato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mancinelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bizzotto
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Faggiani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cugurra
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Poliseno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Miotto
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Fabia Filipello
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Lodato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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3
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Sharma V, Nehra S, Do LH, Ghosh A, Deshpande AJ, Singhal N. Biphasic cell cycle defect causes impaired neurogenesis in down syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007519. [PMID: 36313423 PMCID: PMC9596798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis in Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by reduced neurons, increased glial cells, and delayed cortical lamination. However, the underlying cause for impaired neurogenesis in DS is not clear. Using both human and mouse iPSCs, we demonstrate that DS impaired neurogenesis is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the generation of neural progenitors from iPSCs named the “neurogenic stage” of neurogenesis. Upon neural induction, DS cells showed reduced proliferation during the early phase followed by increased proliferation in the late phase of the neurogenic stage compared to control cells. While reduced proliferation in the early phase causes reduced neural progenitor pool, increased proliferation in the late phase leads to delayed post mitotic neuron generation in DS. RNAseq analysis of late-phase DS progenitor cells revealed upregulation of S phase-promoting regulators, Notch, Wnt, Interferon pathways, and REST, and downregulation of several genes of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. NFIB and POU3F4, neurogenic genes activated by the interaction of PAX6 and the BAF complex, were downregulated in DS cells. ChIPseq analysis of late-phase neural progenitors revealed aberrant PAX6 binding with reduced promoter occupancy in DS cells. Together, these data indicate that impaired neurogenesis in DS is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the neurogenic stage of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long H. Do
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nishant Singhal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Nishant Singhal,
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4
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Parmentier T, James FMK, Hewitson E, Bailey C, Werry N, Sheridan SD, Perlis RH, Perreault ML, Gaitero L, Lalonde J, LaMarre J. Human cerebral spheroids undergo 4-aminopyridine-induced, activity associated changes in cellular composition and microrna expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9143. [PMID: 35650420 PMCID: PMC9160269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced neurogenesis has been extensively studied in rodents but the lack of ante mortem accessibility to human brain at the cellular and molecular levels limits studies of the process in humans. Using cerebral spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we investigated the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) on neuronal activity and associated neurogenesis. Our studies demonstrate that 4AP increases neuronal activity in 3-month-old cerebral spheroids while increasing numbers of new neurons and decreasing the population of new glial cells. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of miR-135a, which has previously been shown to be decreased in exercise-induced neurogenesis. Predicted targets of miR-135a include key participants in the SMAD2/3 and BDNF pathways. Together, our results suggest that iPSC-derived cerebral spheroids are an attractive model to study several aspects of activity-induced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parmentier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fiona M K James
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hewitson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Werry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Gaitero
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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5
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Vargova I, Kriska J, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW, Jendelova P. Long-Term Cultures of Spinal Cord Interneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:827628. [PMID: 35197829 PMCID: PMC8859857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.827628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord interneurons (SpINs) are highly diverse population of neurons that play a significant role in circuit reorganization and spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury. Regeneration of SpIN axons across rodent spinal injuries has been demonstrated after modification of the environment and neurotrophin treatment, but development of methods to enhance the intrinsic regenerative ability of SpINs is needed. There is a lack of described in vitro models of spinal cord neurons in which to develop new regeneration treatments. For this reason, we developed a new model of mouse primary spinal cord neuronal culture in which to analyze maturation, morphology, physiology, connectivity and regeneration of identified interneurons. Isolated from E14 mice, the neurons mature over 15 days in vitro, demonstrated by expression of maturity markers, electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings, and formation of synapses. The neurons express markers of SpINs, including Tlx3, Lmx1b, Lbx1, Chx10, and Pax2. The neurons demonstrate distinct morphologies and some form perineuronal nets in long-term cultivation. Live neurons in various maturation stages were axotomized, using a 900 nm multiphoton laser and their fate was observed overnight. The percentage of axons that regenerated declined with neuronal maturity. This model of SpINs will be a valuable tool in future regenerative, developmental, and functional studies alongside existing models using cortical or hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vargova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- The Center for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Fawcett
- The Center for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Potassium channels and the development of arousal-relevant action potential trains in primary hindbrain neurons. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147574. [PMID: 34274325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC) have been shown by many lines of evidence to be important for regulating generalized CNS arousal. Our previous study on mouse pups suggested that the development of NGC neurons' capability to fire action potential (AP) trains may both lead to the development of behavioral arousal and may itself depend on an increase in delayed rectifier currents. Here with whole-cell patch clamp we studied delayed rectifier currents in two stages. First, primary cultured neurons isolated from E12.5 embryonic hindbrain (HB), a dissection which contains all of NGC, were used to take advantage of studying neurons in vitro over using neurons in situ or in brain slices. HB neurons were tested with Guangxitoxin-1E and Resveratrol, two inhibitors of Kv2 channels which mediate the main bulk of delayed rectifier currents. Both inhibitors depressed delayed rectifier currents, but differentially: Resveratrol, but not Guangxitoxin-1E, reduced or abolished action potentials in AP trains. Since Resveratrol affects the Kv2.2 subtype, the development of the delayed rectifier mediated through Kv2.2 channels may lead to the development of HB neurons' capability to generate AP trains. Stage Two in this work found that electrophysiological properties of the primary HB neurons recorded are essentially the same as those of NGC neurons. Thus, from the two stages combined, we propose that currents mediated through Kv2.2 are crucial for generating AP trains which, in turn, lead to the development of mouse pup behavioral arousal.
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7
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Coppi E, Cherchi F, Sarchielli E, Fusco I, Guarnieri G, Gallina P, Corradetti R, Pedata F, Vannelli GB, Pugliese AM, Morelli A. Acetylcholine modulates K + and Na + currents in human basal forebrain cholinergic neuroblasts through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1182-1195. [PMID: 33030215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) is the main source of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain to be crucially involved in cognitive functions and whose degeneration correlates with cognitive decline in major degenerative pathologies as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, knowledge concerning NBM neurons derived from human brain is very limited to date. We recently characterized a primary culture of proliferating neuroblasts isolated from the human fetal NBM (hfNBM) as immature cholinergic neurons expressing the machinery to synthetize and release acetylcholine. Here we studied in detail electrophysiological features and cholinergic effects in this cell culture by patch-clamp recordings. Our data demonstrate that atropine-blocked muscarinic receptor activation by acetylcholine or carbachol enhanced IK and reduced INa currents by stimulating Gi -coupled M2 or phospholipase C-coupled M3 receptors, respectively. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity by neostigmine unveiled a spontaneous acetylcholine release from hfNBM neuroblasts that might account for an autocrine/paracrine signaling during human brain development. Present data provide the first description of cholinergic effects in human NBM neurons and point to a role of acetylcholine as an autocrine/paracrine modulator of voltage-dependent channels. Our research could be of relevance in understanding the mechanisms of cholinergic system development and functions in the human brain, either in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Lindhout FW, Kooistra R, Portegies S, Herstel LJ, Stucchi R, Snoek BL, Altelaar AFM, MacGillavry HD, Wierenga CJ, Hoogenraad CC. Quantitative mapping of transcriptome and proteome dynamics during polarization of human iPSC-derived neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e58124. [PMID: 32940601 PMCID: PMC7498259 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neuronal stem cells into polarized neurons is a well-coordinated process which has mostly been studied in classical non-human model systems, but to what extent these findings are recapitulated in human neurons remains unclear. To study neuronal polarization in human neurons, we cultured hiPSC-derived neurons, characterized early developmental stages, measured electrophysiological responses, and systematically profiled transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics during these steps. The neuron transcriptome and proteome shows extensive remodeling, with differential expression profiles of ~1100 transcripts and ~2200 proteins during neuronal differentiation and polarization. We also identified a distinct axon developmental stage marked by the relocation of axon initial segment proteins and increased microtubule remodeling from the distal (stage 3a) to the proximal (stage 3b) axon. This developmental transition coincides with action potential maturation. Our comprehensive characterization and quantitative map of transcriptome and proteome dynamics provides a solid framework for studying polarization in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline W Lindhout
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Robbelien Kooistra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Sybren Portegies
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Lotte J Herstel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - AF Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, IncSan FranciscoUnited States
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9
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Tang GB, Mi TW, Sun ML, Xu YJ, Yang SG, Du HZ, Saijilafu, Teng ZQ, Gao J, Liu CM. Overexpression of serotonin receptor 5b expression rescues neuronal and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:138-146. [PMID: 32775759 PMCID: PMC7394843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B (5-HT5B) is a gene coding for a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays key roles in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous study showed that disruption of 5-HT5B induced by lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A (Kdm6a, also known as Utx) conditional knockout (cKO) in mouse hippocampus was associated with cognition deficits underlying intellectual disability in Kabuki syndrome (KS), a rare disease associated with multiple congenital and developmental abnormalities, especially neurobehavioral features. Here we show that Utx knockout (KO) in cultured hippocampal neurons leads to impaired neuronal excitability and calcium homeostasis. In addition, we show that 5-HT5B overexpression reverses dysregulation of neuronal excitability, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and long-term potentiation (LTP) in cultured Utx KO hippocampal neurons and hippocampal slices. More importantly, overexpression of 5-HT5B in Utx cKO mice results in reversal of abnormal anxiety-like behaviors and impaired spatial memory ability. Our findings therefore indicate that 5-HT5B, as a downstream target of Utx, functions to modulate electrophysiological outcomes, thereby affecting behavioral activities in KS mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ting-Wei Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Man-Lian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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10
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Are Functionally Mature In Vitro and Integrate into the Mouse Striatum Following Transplantation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2766-2798. [PMID: 32356172 PMCID: PMC7253531 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a powerful tool for modelling human development. In recent years, hPSCs have become central in cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases given their potential to replace affected neurons. However, directing hPSCs into specific neuronal types is complex and requires an accurate protocol that mimics endogenous neuronal development. Here we describe step-by-step a fast feeder-free neuronal differentiation protocol to direct hPSCs to mature forebrain neurons in 37 days in vitro (DIV). The protocol is based upon a combination of specific morphogens, trophic and growth factors, ions, neurotransmitters and extracellular matrix elements. A human-induced PSC line (Ctr-Q33) and a human embryonic stem cell line (GEN-Q18) were used to reinforce the potential of the protocol. Neuronal activity was analysed by single-cell calcium imaging. At 8 DIV, we obtained a homogeneous population of hPSC-derived neuroectodermal progenitors which self-arranged in bi-dimensional neural tube-like structures. At 16 DIV, we generated hPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with mostly a subpallial identity along with a subpopulation of pallial NPCs. Terminal in vitro neuronal differentiation was confirmed by the expression of microtubule associated protein 2b (Map 2b) by almost 100% of hPSC-derived neurons and the expression of specific-striatal neuronal markers including GABA, CTIP2 and DARPP-32. HPSC-derived neurons showed mature and functional phenotypes as they expressed synaptic markers, voltage-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Neurons displayed diverse spontaneous activity patterns that were classified into three major groups, namely “high”, “intermediate” and “low” firing neurons. Finally, transplantation experiments showed that the NPCs survived and differentiated within mouse striatum for at least 3 months. NPCs integrated host environmental cues and differentiated into striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which successfully integrated into the endogenous circuitry without teratoma formation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the potential of this robust human neuronal differentiation protocol, which will bring new opportunities for the study of human neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, and will open new avenues in cell-based therapies, pharmacological studies and alternative in vitro toxicology.
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11
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Piggott BJ, Peters CJ, He Y, Huang X, Younger S, Jan LY, Jan YN. Paralytic, the Drosophila voltage-gated sodium channel, regulates proliferation of neural progenitors. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1739-1750. [PMID: 31753914 PMCID: PMC6942049 DOI: 10.1101/gad.330597.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Piggott et al. set out to examine the role of paralytic, the sole voltage-gated sodium channel in Drosophila, in neural progenitors. Using cell biology assays and electrophysiological analysis, the authors report for the first time a developmental role of voltage-gated sodium channels in regulating neural progenitor proliferation in Drosophila larvae. Proliferating cells, typically considered “nonexcitable,” nevertheless, exhibit regulation by bioelectric signals. Notably, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) that are crucial for neuronal excitability are also found in progenitors and up-regulated in cancer. Here, we identify a role for VGSC in proliferation of Drosophila neuroblast (NB) lineages within the central nervous system. Loss of paralytic (para), the sole gene that encodes Drosophila VGSC, reduces neuroblast progeny cell number. The type II neuroblast lineages, featuring a population of transit-amplifying intermediate neural progenitors (INP) similar to that found in the developing human cortex, are particularly sensitive to para manipulation. Following a series of asymmetric divisions, INPs normally exit the cell cycle through a final symmetric division. Our data suggests that loss of Para induces apoptosis in this population, whereas overexpression leads to an increase in INPs and overall neuroblast progeny cell numbers. These effects are cell autonomous and depend on Para channel activity. Reduction of Para expression not only affects normal NB development, but also strongly suppresses brain tumor mass, implicating a role for Para in cancer progression. To our knowledge, our studies are the first to identify a role for VGSC in neural progenitor proliferation. Elucidating the contribution of VGSC in proliferation will advance our understanding of bioelectric signaling within development and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly J Piggott
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Christian J Peters
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Ye He
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10031, New York
| | - Xi Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Susan Younger
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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12
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Ojeda J, Ávila A. Early Actions of Neurotransmitters During Cortex Development and Maturation of Reprogrammed Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:33. [PMID: 31824293 PMCID: PMC6881277 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the brain is shaped by a myriad of factors among which neurotransmitters play remarkable roles before and during the formation and maturation of synaptic circuits. Cellular processes such as neurogenesis, morphological development, synaptogenesis and maturation of synapses are temporary and spatially regulated by the local or distal influence of neurotransmitters in the developing cortex. Thus, research on this area has contributed to the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of brain development and to shed light on the etiology of various human neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and Rett syndrome (RTT), among others. Recently, the field of neuroscience has been shaken by an explosive advance of experimental approaches linked to the use of induced pluripotent stem cells and reprogrammed neurons. This new technology has allowed researchers for the first time to model in the lab the unique events that take place during early human brain development and to explore the mechanisms that cause synaptopathies. In this context, the role of neurotransmitters during early stages of cortex development is beginning to be re-evaluated and a revision of the state of the art has become necessary in a time when new protocols are being worked out to differentiate stem cells into functional neurons. New perspectives on reconsidering the function of neurotransmitters include opportunities for methodological advances, a better understanding of the origin of mental disorders and the potential for development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ojeda
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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13
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Harbom LJ, Rudisill TL, Michel N, Litwa KA, Beenhakker MP, McConnell MJ. The effect of rho kinase inhibition on morphological and electrophysiological maturity in iPSC-derived neurons. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:641-654. [PMID: 30406823 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons permit the study of neurogenesis and neurological disease in a human setting. However, the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived neurons are consistent with those observed in immature cortical neurons, including a high membrane resistance depolarized resting membrane potential and immature firing properties, limiting their use in modeling neuronal activity in adult cells. Based on the proven association between inhibiting rho kinase (ROCK) and increased neurite complexity, we seek to determine if short-term ROCK inhibition during the first 1-2 weeks of differentiation would increase morphological complexity and electrophysiological maturity after several weeks of differentiation. While inhibiting ROCK resulted in increased neurite formation after 24 h, this effect did not persist at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Additionally, there was no effect of ROCK inhibition on electrophysiological properties at 2-3, 6, or 12 weeks of age, despite an increase in evoked and spontaneous firing and a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential over time. These results indicate that while there is a clear effect of time on electrophysiological maturity, ROCK inhibition did not accelerate maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise J Harbom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience, Centers for Brain Immunology and Glia, Public Health Genomics, and Children's Health Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Taylor L Rudisill
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Nadine Michel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience, Centers for Brain Immunology and Glia, Public Health Genomics, and Children's Health Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Karen A Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Mark P Beenhakker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience, Centers for Brain Immunology and Glia, Public Health Genomics, and Children's Health Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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14
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Yeh E, Dao DQ, Wu ZY, Kandalam SM, Camacho FM, Tom C, Zhang W, Krencik R, Rauen KA, Ullian EM, Weiss LA. Patient-derived iPSCs show premature neural differentiation and neuron type-specific phenotypes relevant to neurodevelopment. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1687-1698. [PMID: 29158583 PMCID: PMC5962360 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ras/MAPK pathway signaling is a major participant in neurodevelopment, and evidence suggests that BRAF, a key Ras signal mediator, influences human behavior. We studied the role of the mutation BRAFQ257R, the most common cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), in an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived model of human neurodevelopment. In iPSC-derived neuronal cultures from CFC subjects, we observed decreased p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 compared to controls, as well as a depleted neural progenitor pool and rapid neuronal maturation. Pharmacological PI3K/AKT pathway manipulation recapitulated cellular phenotypes in control cells and attenuated them in CFC cells. CFC cultures displayed altered cellular subtype ratios and increased intrinsic excitability. Moreover, in CFC cells, Ras/MAPK pathway activation and morphological abnormalities exhibited cell subtype-specific differences. Our results highlight the importance of exploring specific cellular subtypes and of using iPSC models to reveal relevant human-specific neurodevelopmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Q Dao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Z Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S M Kandalam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F M Camacho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Tom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Krencik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Telezhkin V, Straccia M, Yarova P, Pardo M, Yung S, Vinh NN, Hancock JM, Barriga GGD, Brown DA, Rosser AE, Brown JT, Canals JM, Randall AD, Allen ND, Kemp PJ. Kv7 channels are upregulated during striatal neuron development and promote maturation of human iPSC-derived neurons. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1359-1376. [PMID: 29797067 PMCID: PMC6096767 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kv7 channels determine the resting membrane potential of neurons and regulate their excitability. Even though dysfunction of Kv7 channels has been linked to several debilitating childhood neuronal disorders, the ontogeny of the constituent genes, which encode Kv7 channels (KNCQ), and expression of their subunits have been largely unexplored. Here, we show that developmentally regulated expression of specific KCNQ mRNA and Kv7 channel subunits in mouse and human striatum is crucial to the functional maturation of mouse striatal neurons and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. This demonstrates their pivotal role in normal development and maturation, the knowledge of which can now be harnessed to synchronise and accelerate neuronal differentiation of stem cell-derived neurons, enhancing their utility for disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod Telezhkin
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK. .,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK. .,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London University College, London, UK.
| | - Marco Straccia
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polina Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Monica Pardo
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sun Yung
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jane M Hancock
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Diaz Barriga
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London University College, London, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jonathan T Brown
- Hatherly Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Josep M Canals
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew D Randall
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Hatherly Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas D Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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16
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J Siney E, Kurbatskaya K, Chatterjee S, Prasannan P, Mudher A, Willaime-Morawek S. Modelling neurodegenerative diseases in vitro: Recent advances in 3D iPSC technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/celltissue.2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Xie Y, Schutte RJ, Ng NN, Ess KC, Schwartz PH, O'Dowd DK. Reproducible and efficient generation of functionally active neurons from human hiPSCs for preclinical disease modeling. Stem Cell Res 2017; 26:84-94. [PMID: 29272856 PMCID: PMC5899925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuronal cultures to study the mechanisms of neurological disorders is often limited by low efficiency and high variability in differentiation of functional neurons. Here we compare the functional properties of neurons in cultures prepared with two hiPSC differentiation protocols, both plated on astroglial feeder layers. Using a protocol with an expandable intermediate stage, only a small percentage of cells with neuronal morphology were excitable by 21-23days in culture. In contrast, a direct differentiation strategy of the same hiPSC line produced cultures in which the majority of neurons fired action potentials as early as 4-5days. By 35-38days over 80% of the neurons fired repetitively and many fired spontaneously. Spontaneous post-synaptic currents were observed in ~40% of the neurons at 4-5days and in ~80% by 21-23days. The majority (75%) received both glutamatergic and GABAergic spontaneous postsynaptic currents. The rate and degree of maturation of excitability and synaptic activity was similar between multiple independent platings from a single hiPSC line, and between two different control hiPSC lines. Cultures of rapidly functional neurons will facilitate identification of cellular mechanisms underlying genetically defined neurological disorders and development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Xie
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ryan J Schutte
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nathan N Ng
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Philip H Schwartz
- Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Diane K O'Dowd
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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18
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Single-cell analysis of diversity in human stem cell-derived neurons. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:171-179. [PMID: 29185070 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells produce one of the most remarkable organs in nature, the human brain. Among neural stem cell progeny, post-mitotic neurons are likewise remarkably diverse. Single-cell transcriptomic approaches are now cataloging a long-sought-after molecular taxonomy of neuronal diversity in the brain. Contemporary single-cell omic classifications of neuronal diversity build from electrophysiological approaches that for decades have measured and cataloged diverse biophysical properties of single neurons. With the widespread application of human pluripotent stem cell-based models of neurogenesis to investigate disease pathology and to develop new drugs, a high-resolution understanding of neuronal diversity in vivo is essential to benchmark the state of in vitro models of human neurological disease.
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19
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Morelli A, Sarchielli E, Guarnieri G, Coppi E, Pantano D, Comeglio P, Nardiello P, Pugliese AM, Ballerini L, Matucci R, Ambrosini S, Castronovo G, Valente R, Mazzanti B, Bucciantini S, Maggi M, Casamenti F, Gallina P, Vannelli GB. Young Human Cholinergic Neurons Respond to Physiological Regulators and Improve Cognitive Symptoms in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:339. [PMID: 29163051 PMCID: PMC5666298 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) in the basal forebrain (BF) is associated to the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To date no resolutive therapies exist. Cell-based replacement therapy is a strategy currently under consideration, although the mechanisms underlying the generation of stem cell-derived NBM cholinergic neurons able of functional integration remain to be clarified. Since fetal brain is an optimal source of neuronal cells committed towards a specific phenotype, this study is aimed at isolating cholinergic neurons from the human fetal NBM (hfNBMs) in order to study their phenotypic, maturational and functional properties. Extensive characterization confirmed the cholinergic identity of hfNBMs, including positivity for specific markers (such as choline acetyltransferase) and acetylcholine (Ach) release. Electrophysiological measurements provided the functional validation of hfNBM cells, which exhibited the activation of peculiar sodium (INa) and potassium (IK) currents, as well as the presence of functional cholinergic receptors. Accordingly, hfNBMs express both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, which were activated by Ach. The hfNBMs cholinergic phenotype was regulated by the nerve growth factor (NGF), through the activation of the high-affinity NGF receptor TrkA, as well as by 17-β-estradiol through a peculiar recruitment of its own receptors. When intravenously administered in NBM-lesioned rats, hfNBMs determined a significant improvement in memory functions. Histological examination of brain sections showed that hfNBMs (labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye prior to administration) reached the damaged brain areas. The study provides a useful model to study the ontogenetic mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of the human brain cholinergic system and to assess new lines of research, including disease modeling, drug discovery and cell-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna M Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Ballerini
- Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Ambrosini
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castronovo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Clinical Physiopathology, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosa Valente
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- Neurosurgery School of Tuscany, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Kemp PJ, Rushton DJ, Yarova PL, Schnell C, Geater C, Hancock JM, Wieland A, Hughes A, Badder L, Cope E, Riccardi D, Randall AD, Brown JT, Allen ND, Telezhkin V. Improving and accelerating the differentiation and functional maturation of human stem cell-derived neurons: role of extracellular calcium and GABA. J Physiol 2017; 594:6583-6594. [PMID: 27616476 DOI: 10.1113/jp270655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons differentiated from pluripotent stem cells using established neural culture conditions often exhibit functional deficits. Recently, we have developed enhanced media which both synchronize the neurogenesis of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors and accelerate their functional maturation; together these media are termed SynaptoJuice. This pair of media are pro-synaptogenic and generate authentic, mature synaptic networks of connected forebrain neurons from a variety of induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cell lines. Such enhanced rate and extent of synchronized maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells generates neurons which are characterized by a relatively hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, higher spontaneous and induced action potential activity, enhanced synaptic activity, more complete development of a mature inhibitory GABAA receptor phenotype and faster production of electrical network activity when compared to standard differentiation media. This entire process - from pre-patterned neural progenitor to active neuron - takes 3 weeks or less, making it an ideal platform for drug discovery and disease modelling in the fields of human neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David J Rushton
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Charlene Geater
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jane M Hancock
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | | | - Alis Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luned Badder
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Cope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Randall
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Jonathan T Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
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21
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An expandable embryonic stem cell-derived Purkinje neuron progenitor population that exhibits in vivo maturation in the adult mouse cerebellum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8863. [PMID: 28821816 PMCID: PMC5562837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells into cell-type specific neurons has inspired the development of therapeutic discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Many forms of ataxia result from degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells, but thus far it has not been possible to efficiently generate Purkinje neuron (PN) progenitors from human or mouse pluripotent stem cells, let alone to develop a methodology for in vivo transplantation in the adult cerebellum. Here, we present a protocol to obtain an expandable population of cerebellar neuron progenitors from mouse embryonic stem cells. Our protocol is characterized by applying factors that promote proliferation of cerebellar progenitors. Cerebellar progenitors isolated in culture from cell aggregates contained a stable subpopulation of PN progenitors that could be expanded for up to 6 passages. When transplanted into the adult cerebellum of either wild-type mice or a strain lacking Purkinje cells (L7cre-ERCC1 knockout), GFP-labeled progenitors differentiated in vivo to establish a population of calbindin-positive cells in the molecular layer with dendritic trees typical of mature PNs. We conclude that this protocol may be useful for the generation and maturation of PNs, highlighting the potential for development of a regenerative medicine approach to the treatment of cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases.
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22
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Partial Reprogramming of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes into Neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44840. [PMID: 28327614 PMCID: PMC5361100 DOI: 10.1038/srep44840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of somatic cells has been demonstrated, however, it is unknown whether electrophysiologically-active somatic cells derived from separate germ layers can be interconverted. We demonstrate that partial direct reprogramming of mesoderm-derived cardiomyocytes into neurons is feasible, generating cells exhibiting structural and electrophysiological properties of both cardiomyocytes and neurons. Human and mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (PSC-CMs) were transduced with the neurogenic transcription factors Brn2, Ascl1, Myt1l and NeuroD. We found that CMs adopted neuronal morphologies as early as day 3 post-transduction while still retaining a CM gene expression profile. At week 1 post-transduction, we found that reprogrammed CMs expressed neuronal markers such as Tuj1, Map2, and NCAM. At week 3 post-transduction, mature neuronal markers such as vGlut and synapsin were observed. With single-cell qPCR, we temporally examined CM gene expression and observed increased expression of neuronal markers Dcx, Map2, and Tubb3. Patch-clamp analysis confirmed the neuron-like electrophysiological profile of reprogrammed CMs. This study demonstrates that PSC-CMs are amenable to partial neuronal conversion, yielding a population of cells exhibiting features of both neurons and CMs.
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23
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Liu X, Pfaff DW, Calderon DP, Tabansky I, Wang X, Wang Y, Kow LM. Development of Electrophysiological Properties of Nucleus Gigantocellularis Neurons Correlated with Increased CNS Arousal. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:295-310. [PMID: 27788521 DOI: 10.1159/000449035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many types of data have suggested that neurons in the nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC) in the medullary reticular formation are critically important for CNS arousal and behavioral responsiveness. To extend this topic to a developmental framework, whole-cell patch-recorded characteristics of NGC neurons in brainstem slices and measures of arousal-dependent locomotion of postnatal day 3 (P3) to P6 mouse pups were measured and compared. These neuronal characteristics developed in an orderly, statistically significant monotonic manner over the course of P3-P6: (1) proportion of neurons capable of firing action potential (AP) trains, (2) AP amplitude, (3) AP threshold, (4) amplitude of inward and outward currents, (5) amplitude of negative peak currents, and (6) steady state currents (in I-V plot). These measurements reflect the maturation of sodium and certain potassium channels. Similarly, all measures of locomotion, latency to first movement, total locomotion duration, net locomotion distance, and total quiescence time also developed monotonically over P3-P6. Most importantly, electrophysiological and behavioral measures were significantly correlated. Interestingly, the behavioral measures were not correlated with frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents or the proportion of neurons showing these currents, responses to a battery of neurotransmitter agents, or rapid activating potassium currents (including IA). Considering the results here in the context of a large body of literature on NGC, we hypothesize that the developmental increase in NGC neuronal excitability participates in causing the increased behavioral responsivity during the postnatal period from P3 to P6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y., USA
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24
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Halliwell RF. Electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons in vitro. Neurochem Int 2016; 106:37-47. [PMID: 27742467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional studies of neurons have traditionally used nervous system tissues from a variety of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate species, even when the focus of much of this research has been directed at understanding human brain function. Over the last decade, the identification and isolation of human stem cells from embryonic, tissue (or adult) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the availability of human neurons for experimental studies in vitro. In addition, the direct conversion of terminally differentiated fibroblasts into Induced neurons (iN) has generated great excitement because of the likely value of such human stem cell derived neurons (hSCNs) and iN cells in drug discovery, neuropharmacology, neurotoxicology and regenerative medicine. This review addresses the current state of our knowledge of functional receptors and ion channels expressed in neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons and identifies gaps and questions that might be investigated in future studies; it focusses almost exclusively on what is known about the electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iN cells in vitro with an emphasis on voltage and ligand gated ion channels, since these mediate synaptic signalling in the nervous system and they are at the heart of neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Halliwell
- Schools of Pharmacy & Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA, USA.
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25
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Shahbazi E, Moradi S, Nemati S, Satarian L, Basiri M, Gourabi H, Zare Mehrjardi N, Günther P, Lampert A, Händler K, Hatay FF, Schmidt D, Molcanyi M, Hescheler J, Schultze JL, Saric T, Baharvand H. Conversion of Human Fibroblasts to Stably Self-Renewing Neural Stem Cells with a Single Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:539-551. [PMID: 27052315 PMCID: PMC4834053 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct conversion of somatic cells into neural stem cells (NSCs) by defined factors holds great promise for mechanistic studies, drug screening, and potential cell therapies for different neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that a single zinc-finger transcription factor, Zfp521, is sufficient for direct conversion of human fibroblasts into long-term self-renewable and multipotent NSCs. In vitro, Zfp521-induced NSCs maintained their characteristics in the absence of exogenous factor expression and exhibited morphological, molecular, developmental, and functional properties that were similar to control NSCs. In addition, the single-seeded induced NSCs were able to form NSC colonies with efficiency comparable with control NSCs and expressed NSC markers. The converted cells were capable of surviving, migrating, and attaining neural phenotypes after transplantation into neonatal mouse and adult rat brains, without forming tumors. Moreover, the Zfp521-induced NSCs predominantly expressed rostral genes. Our results suggest a facilitated approach for establishing human NSCs through Zfp521-driven conversion of fibroblasts. ZFP521 can directly convert human fetal, neonatal, and adult fibroblasts into NSCs iNSCs exhibit NSC properties, i.e., markers, long-term self-renewal, and tripotency ZFP521-iNSCs predominantly express rostral markers Single-seeded ZFP521-iNSCs are clonogenically comparable with control NSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Shahbazi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Shiva Nemati
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Leila Satarian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Narges Zare Mehrjardi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Patrick Günther
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Institute of Physiology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Firuze Fulya Hatay
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Diana Schmidt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marek Molcanyi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Tomo Saric
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1461968151, Iran.
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26
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Kálmán S, Garbett KA, Janka Z, Mirnics K. Human dermal fibroblasts in psychiatry research. Neuroscience 2016; 320:105-21. [PMID: 26855193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to decipher the disease etiology, progression and treatment of multifactorial human brain diseases we utilize a host of different experimental models. Recently, patient-derived human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures have re-emerged as promising in vitro functional system for examining various cellular, molecular, metabolic and (patho)physiological states and traits of psychiatric disorders. HDF studies serve as a powerful complement to postmortem and animal studies, and often appear to be informative about the altered homeostasis in neural tissue. Studies of HDFs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ), depression, bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric disorders have significantly advanced our understanding of these devastating diseases. These reports unequivocally prove that signal transduction, redox homeostasis, circadian rhythms and gene*environment (G*E) interactions are all amenable for assessment by the HDF model. Furthermore, the reported findings suggest that this underutilized patient biomaterial, combined with modern molecular biology techniques, may have both diagnostic and prognostic value, including prediction of response to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K A Garbett
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Z Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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27
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Telezhkin V, Schnell C, Yarova P, Yung S, Cope E, Hughes A, Thompson BA, Sanders P, Geater C, Hancock JM, Joy S, Badder L, Connor-Robson N, Comella A, Straccia M, Bombau G, Brown JT, Canals JM, Randall AD, Allen ND, Kemp PJ. Forced cell cycle exit and modulation of GABAA, CREB, and GSK3β signaling promote functional maturation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C520-41. [PMID: 26718628 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous protocols have been developed for differentiation of neurons from a variety of pluripotent stem cells, most have concentrated on being able to specify effectively appropriate neuronal subtypes and few have been designed to enhance or accelerate functional maturity. Of those that have, most employ time courses of functional maturation that are rather protracted, and none have fully characterized all aspects of neuronal function, from spontaneous action potential generation through to postsynaptic receptor maturation. Here, we describe a simple protocol that employs the sequential addition of just two supplemented media that have been formulated to separate the two key phases of neural differentiation, the neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, each characterized by different signaling requirements. Employing these media, this new protocol synchronized neurogenesis and enhanced the rate of maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors. Neurons differentiated using this protocol exhibited large cell capacitance with relatively hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials; moreover, they exhibited augmented: 1) spontaneous electrical activity; 2) regenerative induced action potential train activity; 3) Na(+) current availability, and 4) synaptic currents. This was accomplished by rapid and uniform development of a mature, inhibitory GABAAreceptor phenotype that was demonstrated by Ca(2+) imaging and the ability of GABAAreceptor blockers to evoke seizurogenic network activity in multielectrode array recordings. Furthermore, since this protocol can exploit expanded and frozen prepatterned neural progenitors to deliver mature neurons within 21 days, it is both scalable and transferable to high-throughput platforms for the use in functional screens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Polina Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sun Yung
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alis Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip Sanders
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlene Geater
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M Hancock
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shona Joy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Luned Badder
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Comella
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Straccia
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Bombau
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon T Brown
- Hatherly Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M Canals
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew D Randall
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Hatherly Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
| | - Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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28
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A Dishful of a Troubled Mind: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Psychiatric Research. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7909176. [PMID: 26839567 PMCID: PMC4709917 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7909176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming represent powerful methods for modeling the development of neurons in vitro. Moreover, this approach is also a means for comparing various cellular phenotypes between cell lines originating from healthy and diseased individuals or isogenic cell lines engineered to differ at only one or a few genomic loci. Despite methodological constraints and initial skepticism regarding this approach, the field is expanding at a fast pace. The improvements include the development of new differentiation protocols resulting in selected neuronal populations (e.g., dopaminergic, GABAergic, hippocampal, and cortical), the widespread use of genome editing methods, and single-cell techniques. A major challenge awaiting in vitro disease modeling is the integration of clinical data in the models, by selection of well characterized clinical populations. Ideally, these models will also demonstrate how different diagnostic categories share overlapping molecular disease mechanisms, but also have unique characteristics. In this review we evaluate studies with regard to the described developments, to demonstrate how differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming can contribute to psychiatry.
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29
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Bradford AB, McNutt PM. Importance of being Nernst: Synaptic activity and functional relevance in stem cell-derived neurons. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:899-921. [PMID: 26240679 PMCID: PMC4515435 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional synaptogenesis and network emergence are signature endpoints of neurogenesis. These behaviors provide higher-order confirmation that biochemical and cellular processes necessary for neurotransmitter release, post-synaptic detection and network propagation of neuronal activity have been properly expressed and coordinated among cells. The development of synaptic neurotransmission can therefore be considered a defining property of neurons. Although dissociated primary neuron cultures readily form functioning synapses and network behaviors in vitro, continuously cultured neurogenic cell lines have historically failed to meet these criteria. Therefore, in vitro-derived neuron models that develop synaptic transmission are critically needed for a wide array of studies, including molecular neuroscience, developmental neurogenesis, disease research and neurotoxicology. Over the last decade, neurons derived from various stem cell lines have shown varying ability to develop into functionally mature neurons. In this review, we will discuss the neurogenic potential of various stem cells populations, addressing strengths and weaknesses of each, with particular attention to the emergence of functional behaviors. We will propose methods to functionally characterize new stem cell-derived neuron (SCN) platforms to improve their reliability as physiological relevant models. Finally, we will review how synaptically active SCNs can be applied to accelerate research in a variety of areas. Ultimately, emphasizing the critical importance of synaptic activity and network responses as a marker of neuronal maturation is anticipated to result in in vitro findings that better translate to efficacious clinical treatments.
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30
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Mehrban N, Zhu B, Tamagnini F, Young FI, Wasmuth A, Hudson KL, Thomson AR, Birchall MA, Randall AD, Song B, Woolfson DN. Functionalized α-Helical Peptide Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:431-439. [PMID: 26240838 PMCID: PMC4517957 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Trauma to the central and peripheral
nervous systems often lead
to serious morbidity. Current surgical methods for repairing or replacing
such damage have limitations. Tissue engineering offers a potential
alternative. Here we show that functionalized α-helical-peptide
hydrogels can be used to induce attachment, migration, proliferation
and differentiation of murine embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs).
Specifically, compared with undecorated gels, those functionalized
with Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptides increase the proliferative activity
of NSCs; promote their directional migration; induce differentiation,
with increased expression of microtubule-associated protein-2, and
a low expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein; and lead to the
formation of larger neurospheres. Electrophysiological measurements
from NSCs grown in RGDS-decorated gels indicate developmental progress
toward mature neuron-like behavior. Our data indicate that these functional
peptide hydrogels may go some way toward overcoming the limitations
of current approaches to nerve-tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Mehrban
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Bangfu Zhu
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fraser I Young
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Wasmuth
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran L Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Thomson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute , London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Randall
- Medical School, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Song
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Derek N Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom ; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom ; BrisSynBio, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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31
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Telias M, Segal M, Ben-Yosef D. Electrical maturation of neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells. F1000Res 2014; 3:196. [PMID: 25309736 PMCID: PMC4184377 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4943.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells has become a widely used tool in disease modeling and prospective regenerative medicine. Most studies evaluate neurons molecularly and only a handful of them use electrophysiological tools to directly indicate that these are genuine neurons. Therefore, the specific timing of development of intrinsic electrophysiological properties and synaptic capabilities remains poorly understood. Here we describe a systematic analysis of developing neurons derived in-vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show that hESCs differentiated in-vitro into early embryonic neurons, displaying basically mature morphological and electrical features as early as day 37. This early onset of action potential discharges suggests that first stages of neurogenesis in humans are already associated with electrical maturation. Spike frequency, amplitude, duration, threshold and after hyperpolarization were found to be the most predictive parameters for electrical maturity. Furthermore, we were able to detect spontaneous synaptic activity already at these early time-points, demonstrating that neuronal connectivity can develop concomitantly with the gradual process of electrical maturation. These results highlight the functional properties of hESCs in the process of their development into neurons. Moreover, our results provide practical tools for the direct measurement of functional maturity, which can be reproduced and implemented for stem cell research of neurogenesis in general, and neurodevelopmental disorders in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Wolfe PGD-SC Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD-SC Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
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32
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A time course analysis of the electrophysiological properties of neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103418. [PMID: 25072157 PMCID: PMC4114788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protocols have been designed to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neurons. Despite the relevance of electrophysiological properties for proper neuronal function, little is known about the evolution over time of important neuronal electrophysiological parameters in iPSC-derived neurons. Yet, understanding the development of basic electrophysiological characteristics of iPSC-derived neurons is critical for evaluating their usefulness in basic and translational research. Therefore, we analyzed the basic electrophysiological parameters of forebrain neurons differentiated from human iPSCs, from day 31 to day 55 after the initiation of neuronal differentiation. We assayed the developmental progression of various properties, including resting membrane potential, action potential, sodium and potassium channel currents, somatic calcium transients and synaptic activity. During the maturation of iPSC-derived neurons, the resting membrane potential became more negative, the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels increased, the membrane became capable of generating action potentials following adequate depolarization and, at day 48–55, 50% of the cells were capable of firing action potentials in response to a prolonged depolarizing current step, of which 30% produced multiple action potentials. The percentage of cells exhibiting miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents increased over time with a significant increase in their frequency and amplitude. These changes were associated with an increase of Ca2+ transient frequency. Co-culturing iPSC-derived neurons with mouse glial cells enhanced the development of electrophysiological parameters as compared to pure iPSC-derived neuronal cultures. This study demonstrates the importance of properly evaluating the electrophysiological status of the newly generated neurons when using stem cell technology, as electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived neurons mature over time.
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