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Wang S, Tu Y, Yu H, Li Z, Feng J, Liu S. Animal models and related techniques for dentin study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00987-1. [PMID: 39225758 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate and protracted process of dentin formation has been extensively explored, thanks to the significant advancements facilitated by the use of animal models and related techniques. Despite variations in their effectiveness, taking into account factors such as sensitivity, visibility, and reliability, these models or techniques are indispensable tools for investigating the complexities of dentin formation. This article focuses on the latest advances in animal models and related technologies, shedding light on the key molecular mechanisms that are essential in dentin formation. A deeper understanding of this phenomenon enables the careful selection of appropriate animal models, considering their suitability in unraveling the underlying molecular intricacies. These insights are crucial for the advancement of clinical drugs targeting dentin-related ailments and the development of comprehensive treatment strategies throughout the duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Dental Disease Prevention Institute, Shanghai, 201499, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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Yang N, Shen R, Yang W, Zhang S, Gong T, Liu Y. Biomimetic pulp scaffolds prepared from extracellular matrix derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promote pulp-dentine complex regeneration. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1279-1292. [PMID: 38828966 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of biomimetic pulp scaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix derived of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-ECM-PS) in promoting pulp-dentine complex regeneration. METHODOLOGY SHED-ECM-PS was prepared through cell aggregation and decellularization techniques. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and DNA quantification assays were used to characterize the SHED-ECM-PS. Additionally, a tooth slice implantation model was established to evaluate the effects of SHED-ECM-PS on regeneration of the pulp-dentine complex in vivo. Extraction medium for SHED-ECM-PS was prepared, and its effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was assessed in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 and Ki-67 staining assays were performed to determine cell proliferation. The rate of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration. Alizarin red S staining was performed to examine mineralized nodule formation. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of osteogenic and odontogenic markers. The results were analysed using an independent two-tailed Student's t-test. p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS SHED-ECM-PS was successfully constructed, exhibiting a striped dental pulp-like shape devoid of nuclear structures or DNA components, and rich in fibronectin, collagen I, DMP1 and DSPP. Notably, SHED-ECM-PS showed no impact on the proliferation or apoptosis of BMMSCs. Histological analysis revealed that dental pulp fibroblasts formed an interwoven mesh in the root canal, and angiogenesis was observed in the SHED-ECM-PS group. Moreover, a continuous, newly formed tubular dentine layer with polarized odontoblast-like cells was observed along the inner wall of the root canal. SHED-ECM-PS promoted the migration, polar alignment and mineralized nodule formation of BMMSCs and specifically elevated the expression levels of odontogenic markers, but not osteogenic markers, compared with the control group in vitro. CONCLUSION SHED-ECM-PS exhibited no cytotoxicity and promoted pulp-dentine complex regeneration in vivo as well as cell migration and odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs in vitro. These findings provide evidence that SHED-ECM-PS, as a novel biological scaffold, has the potential to improve the outcomes of REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Rou Shen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengcai Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxing Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
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Yuan S, Yang X, Wang X, Chen J, Tian W, Yang B. Injectable Xenogeneic Dental Pulp Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17483. [PMID: 38139310 PMCID: PMC10743504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present challenge in dental pulp tissue engineering scaffold materials lies in the development of tissue-specific scaffolds that are conducive to an optimal regenerative microenvironment and capable of accommodating intricate root canal systems. This study utilized porcine dental pulp to derive the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) via appropriate decellularization protocols. The resultant dECM was dissolved in an acid pepsin solution to form dECM hydrogels. The analysis encompassed evaluating the microstructure and rheological properties of dECM hydrogels and evaluated their biological properties, including in vitro cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel served as the control. Subsequently, hydrogels were injected into treated dentin matrix tubes and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to regenerate dental pulp tissue in vivo. The results showed that dECM hydrogels exhibited exceptional injectability and responsiveness to physiological temperature. It supported the survival, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in a 3D culture setting. Moreover, it exhibited a superior ability to promote cell migration and angiogenesis compared to GelMA hydrogel in vitro. Additionally, the dECM hydrogel demonstrated the capability to regenerate pulp-like tissue with abundant blood vessels and a fully formed odontoblast-like cell layer in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of porcine dental pulp dECM hydrogel as a specialized scaffold material for dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Nugraheni VI, Bagio DA, Margono A, Julianto I. The Effect of Hydrogel Hyaluronic Acid on Dentine Sialophosphoprotein Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Eur Endod J 2023; 8:280-285. [PMID: 38219035 PMCID: PMC10500214 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2023.59672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyaluronic acid (HA) is glycosaminoglycan and one of important factors in extracellular matrix. In an inflamed pulp, when niche biology is conducive, the recruitment of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) will take place and differentiate into odontoblast like cell, creating reparative dentine and expressing dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of hydrogel HA in various concentration towards hDPSCs differentiation via DSPP expression at day 7 and 14. METHODS After hDPSCs incubation reaching 80% confluence, cells were then starved for 24 hours. Then, culture media were supplemented with osteogenic media. hDPSCs planted into 96 well plate and HA 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, and 30 μg/mL were added. DSPP expression was analysed using elisa reader at day 7 and 14, qualitative result was analysed using alizarin red at day 21. Data was analysed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS At day 7, there was a statistically significant different potential of HA conditioned media in various concentration (p<0.05) towards hDPSCs differentiation via expression of DSPP with HA 30 μg/mL being the most potential concentration to increase DSPP expression. CONCLUSION HA have the potential to increase odontoblast differentiation process via expression of DSPP, with HA 30 μg/mL being the optimum concentration for hDPSCs. (EEJ-2022-12-169).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valonia Irene Nugraheni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Julianto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Universitas Sebelas Maret Faculty of Medicine, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Tabassum N, Khalid S, Ghafoor S, Woo KM, Lee EH, Samie M, Konain K, Ponnusamy S, Arany P, Rahman SU. Tideglusib-incorporated nanofibrous scaffolds potently induce odontogenic differentiation. J Biomater Appl 2023:8853282231190470. [PMID: 37485690 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231190470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulp-Dentin regeneration is a key aspect of maintain tooth vitality and enabling good oral-systemic health. This study aimed to investigate a nanofibrous scaffold loaded with a small molecule i.e. Tideglusib to promote odontogenic differentiation. Tideglusib (GSK-3β inhibitor) interaction with GSK-3β was determined using molecular docking and stabilization of β-catenin was examined by confocal microscopy. 3D nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning and their physicochemical characterizations were performed. Scaffolds were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells or pre-odontoblast cells to determine the cells proliferation and odontogenic differentiation. Our results showed that Tideglusib (TG) binds with GSK-3β at Cys199 residue. Stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin was increased in the odontoblast cells treated with TG. SEM analysis revealed that nanofibers exhibited controlled architectural features that effectively mimicked the natural ECM. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that TG was incorporated successfully and released in a controlled manner. Both kinds of biomimetic nanofibrous matrices (PCLF-TG100, PCLF-TG1000) significantly stimulated cells proliferation. Furthermore, these scaffolds significantly induced dentinogenic markers (ALP, and DSPP) expression and biomineralization. In contrast to current pulp capping material driving dentin repair, the sophisticated, polymeric scaffold systems with soluble and insoluble spatiotemporal cues described here can direct stem cell differentiation and dentin regeneration. Hence, bioactive small molecule-incorporated nanofibrous scaffold suggests an innovative clinical tool for dentin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- PGMI, De Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Khalid
- PGMI, De Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Ghafoor
- Oral Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Samie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Konain
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sasikumar Ponnusamy
- Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedial Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Praveen Arany
- Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedial Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedial Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
- Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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6
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Xu K, Liu Q, Huang W, Chu Y, Fan W, Liu J, He Y, Huang F. Promotive Effect of FBXO32 on the Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097708. [PMID: 37175415 PMCID: PMC10178205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is crucial for the intricate formation and repair processes in dental pulp. Until now, the literature is not able to demonstrate the role of ubiquitination in the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. This study investigated the role of F-box-only protein 32 (FBXO32), an E3 ligase, in the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. The mRNA expression profile was obtained from ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and analyzed. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining identify the FBXO32 expression in human dental pulp and hDPSCs. Small-hairpin RNA lentivirus was used for FBXO32 knockdown and overexpression. Odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs was determined via alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red S staining, and mRNA and protein expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Furthermore, subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice was performed to evaluate the role of FBXO32 in mineralization in vivo using histological analysis. FBXO32 expression was upregulated in the odontoblast differentiated hDPSCs as evidenced by RNA-Seq data analysis. FBXO32 was detected in hDPSCs and the odontoblast layer of the dental pulp. Increased FBXO32 expression in hDPSCs during odontoblastic differentiation was confirmed. Through lentivirus infection method, FBXO32 downregulation in hDPSCs attenuated odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas FBXO32 upregulation promoted the hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation, without affecting proliferation and migration. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the promotive role of FBXO32 in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs, thereby providing novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms during odontoblastic differentiation in hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Li T, Yongfeng L, Ruiqi L, Mingyue Z, Xiaofeng H. Development and structural characteristics of pseudoosteodentine in the Pacific cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Bayrami Z, Abdollahi M. Lead inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells by affecting WNT1/β-catenin signaling and related miRNAs expression. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105422. [PMID: 35738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in environment that accumulates in teeth and calcified tissues from where it releases gradually with aging and adversely affects dental health. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pb exposure on odontogenic differentiation potential of isolated human dental pulp stem cells and investigate the possible underlying epigenetic factors. In the absence of Pb exposure, stem cells displayed significant odontogenic markers including elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining intensity, and increased expression of odontogenic DMP1 and DSPP genes. Exposure to 60 μM Pb resulted in reduced ALP activity and calcium deposition. Also, diminished expression of RUNX2, DMP1, and DSPP, as well as Wnt signaling mediators including WNT1, and β-catenin were detected. The expression of Wnt signaling related microRNAs, miRNA-139-5p and miRNA-142-3p, on the other hand, were shown to have a significant increase. We concluded that Pb could adversely affect the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cell. The underlying mechanism might related to Pb-induced epigenetic dysregulation of WNT1/β-catenin pathway-related miRNAs leading to down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin related odontogenic genes and eventually impaired odontogenic differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayrami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Kajiura K, Umemura N, Ohkoshi E, Ohta T, Kondoh N, Kawano S. Shikonin induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via AKT-mTOR signaling in the presence of CD44. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:689-697. [PMID: 33334200 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1865937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In our previous study, we demonstrated that hyaluronan induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via interactions with CD44. However, it remains unclear whether CD44 expression by dental pulp stem cells is required for odontoblastic differentiation.Methods: We searched for a compound other than hyaluronan that induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and used western blotting to determine whether CD44 is involved in the induction of odontoblastic differentiation by the compound. We further validated the cell signaling details of the compound-induced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), which is known as a marker of odontoblastic differentiation.Results: We investigated shikonin, which is one of the derivatives of naphthoquinone, the skeleton of vitamin K. Shikonin-induced expression of DSPP was inhibited by PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors. Additionally, shikonin-induced expression of DSPP was inhibited in dental pulp stem cells transfected with siRNA against CD44.Conclusions: Shikonin can stimulate dental pulp stem cells to undergo odontoblastic differentiation through a mechanism involving the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and CD44. Although expression of CD44 is important for inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, the relationship between the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and CD44 expression, in the context of shikonin stimulation, has not yet been elucidated. This study suggests that shikonin may be useful for inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, and that it may have clinical applications, including protection of the dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Kajiura
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
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Lim D, Wu KC, Lee A, Saunders TL, Ritchie HH. DSPP dosage affects tooth development and dentin mineralization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250429. [PMID: 34038418 PMCID: PMC8153449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphophoryn (PP) are two most dominant non-collagenous proteins in dentin, which are the cleavage products of the DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein) precursor protein. The absence of the DSPP gene in DSPP knock-out (KO) mice results in characteristics that are consistent with dentinogenesis imperfecta type III in humans. Symptoms include thin dentin, bigger pulp chamber with frequent pulp exposure as well as abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and the appearance of chondrocyte-like cells in dental pulp. To better understand how DSPP influences tooth development and dentin formation, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene construct (BAC-DSPP) that contained the complete DSPP gene and promoter to generate BAC-DSPP transgenic mice directly in a mouse DSPP KO background. Two BAC-DSPP transgenic mouse strains were generated and characterized. DSPP mRNA expression in BAC-DSPP Strain A incisors was similar to that from wild-type (wt) mice. DSPP mRNA expression in BAC-DSPP Strain B animals was only 10% that of wt mice. PP protein content in Strain A incisors was 25% of that found in wt mice, which was sufficient to completely rescue the DSPP KO defect in mineral density, since microCT dentin mineral density analysis in 21-day postnatal animal molars showed essentially identical mineral density in both strain A and wt mice. Strain B mouse incisors, with 5% PP expression, only partially rescued the DSPP KO defect in mineral density, as microCT scans of 21-day postnatal animal molars indicated a reduced dentin mineral density compared to wt mice, though the mineral density was still increased over that of DSPP KO. Furthermore, our findings showed that DSPP dosage in Strain A was sufficient to rescue the DSPP KO defect in terms of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, odontoblast lineage maintenance, along with normal dentin thickness and normal mineral density while DSPP gene dosage in Strain B only partially rescued the aforementioned DSPP KO defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandrich Lim
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ko-Chien Wu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arthur Lee
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Division of Medical Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Helena H. Ritchie
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Granz CL, Gorji A. Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:897-921. [PMID: 33033554 PMCID: PMC7524692 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues, and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells. The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation, high plasticity, immunomodulatory properties, and multipotential abilities. Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules, such as growth factors, and cytokines, can improve the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes. An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs. Of these, the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis, cell-matrix interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix, organized matrix formation, and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for tooth, bone, and neural tissue restoration. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Larissa Granz
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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12
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Full Mouth Rehabilitation of Two Siblings with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II Using Different Treatment Modalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197029. [PMID: 32992978 PMCID: PMC7579056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) is a complex anomaly, not only by its structure but by treatment approach. The treatment protocol depends on the severity, behavior, and the age of the patient. Case Description: This paper presents two siblings’ cases of DGI type II (DGI-II) with different treatment based on the patient’s clinical severity, behavior, and age (mixed versus primary dentition). The first case involves a patient in the primary dentition with severe attrition leading to a reduction in the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) treated by the fabrication of complete overlay dentures. The second case involves a patient in the early mixed dentition treated with restorations and extractions. Conclusion: Full mouth rehabilitation in the two patients dramatically improves function, aesthetics, and proved to be a significant psychological boost to the patient’s well-being. Practical Implications: Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach for patients with DGI to preserve the remaining teeth and rehabilitation for their function and aesthetics are essential for obtaining a favorable prognosis.
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13
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Hao J, Yang H, Cao Y, Zhang C, Fan Z. IGFBP5 enhances the dentinogenesis potential of dental pulp stem cells via JNK and ErK signalling pathways. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:1557-1565. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionCapital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
- Department of Endodontics Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionCapital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionCapital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Endodontics Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionCapital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing China
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14
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Abdelaz P, ElZoghbi A, Shokry M, Ahmed AZ, Rasha H. Reparative Dentin Formation Using Stem Cell Therapy versus Calcium Hydroxide in Direct Pulp Capping: An Animal Study. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:542-549. [PMID: 31800747 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct pulp capping process is a therapeutic method aimed at maintenance of pulp vitality and health by using a biocompatible material placed directly over the exposed pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of direct pulp capping procedures by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or calcium hydroxide on dentin tissue formation. Three mongrel dogs were used as experimental model. Two access cavities were prepared in the right and left mandibular fourth premolars in all dogs to expose and extirpate the pulp tissues which were processed in the lab to obtain a single-cell suspensions. The isolated cells were cultures in odontogenic medium for subsequent differentiation. The maxillary teeth (3 incisors and one canine) of the corresponding dog number were subjected to class V cavities to expose their pulps which were assigned into 2 groups of 12 teeth each ( group I - pulp capping with calcium hydroxide) and (group II - pulp capping with dental stem cells DPSCs). The operated teeth were collected after 3 months and processed for histological and electron microscopic examinations. Specimens were subjected to elemental analysis of calcium and phosphorus. EDX elemental analysis revealed significant differences in the calcium and phosphorous wt, % in the reparative dentin of calcium hydroxide treated group which confirmed histologically. Direct pulp capping by DPSCs has shown promising generative potential for regaining normal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Possy Abdelaz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira ElZoghbi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shokry
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology ?αμπ; Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abo-Zeid Ahmed
- Basic Dental Sciences, Dental Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan Rasha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Han X, Yang H, Cao Y, Ge L, Han N, Zhang C, Fan Z, Yao R. The miR-3940-5p inhibits cell proliferation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1363-1373. [PMID: 30908814 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a well-recognized side effect of nifedipine (NIF). However, the molecular mechanisms of DIGO are still unknown. Here, we explored the possible role of miR-3940-5p in DIGO using NIF-treated gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS CFSE and cell cycle assays were used to examine cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, and osteogenesis-related gene expression were used to examine osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. RESULTS The CFSE assay showed that NIF enhanced cell proliferation, and the over-expression of miR-3940-5p inhibited the proliferation of GMSCs with or without NIF stimulation. Cell cycle assays revealed that the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, it was found that the over-expression of miR-3940-5p upregulated p15INK4b , p18INK4c , p19INK4d , and Cyclin A and downregulated Cyclin E in GMSCs with or without NIF treatment. In addition, the over-expression of miR-3940-5p enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in vitro and increased the expression of the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation markers DSPP and DMP1 and the key transcription factor DLX5 in GMSCs. CONCLUSIONS miR-3940-5p inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of GMSCs, and might play a role in DIGO as a potent agent in the treatment of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tianjin Stomatology Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tianjin Stomatology Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Huang X, Wang F, Zhao C, Yang S, Cheng Q, Tang Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Luo W, Wang C, Zhou P, Kim S, Zuo G, Hu N, Li R, He TC, Zhang H. Dentinogenesis and Tooth-Alveolar Bone Complex Defects in BMP9/GDF2 Knockout Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:683-694. [PMID: 30816068 PMCID: PMC6534167 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by sequential and reciprocal epithelium-mesenchymal interactions and their related molecular signaling pathways, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Among the 14 types of BMPs, BMP9 (also known as growth differentiation factor 2) is one of the most potent BMPs to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this study was to examine potential roles of BMP9 signaling in tooth development. First, we detected the expression pattern of BMP9 in tooth germ during postnatal tooth development, and we found that BMP9 was widely expressed in odontoblasts, ameloblasts, dental pulp cells, and osteoblasts in alveolar bones. Then, we established a BMP9-KO mouse model. Gross morphological examination revealed that the tooth cusps of BMP9-KO mice were significantly abraded with shorter roots. Micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis indicated that the first molars of the BMP9-KO mice exhibited a reduced thickness dentin, enlarged pulp canals, and shortened roots, resembling the phenotypes of the common hereditary dental disease dentinogenesis imperfecta. Further, the alveolar bone of the BMP9-KO mutants was found to be shorter and had a decreased mineral density and trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction compared with that of the wild-type control. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that both dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1 were induced in dental stem cells by BMP9, whereas their expression was reduced when BMP9 was silenced. Further studies are required to determine whether loss of or decreased BMP9 expression is clinically associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that BMP9 may play an important role in regulating dentinogenesis and tooth development. Further research is recommended into the therapeutic uses of BMP9 to regenerate traumatized and diseased tissues and for the bioengineering of replacement teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,5 Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stephanie Kim
- 6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guowei Zuo
- 7 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Hu
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- 8 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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The functional significance of dentin sialoprotein-phosphophoryn and dentin sialoprotein. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:31. [PMID: 30393383 PMCID: PMC6215839 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphophoryn (PP) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) are the most dominant non-collagenous proteins in dentin. PP is an extremely acidic protein that can function as a mineral nucleator for dentin mineralization. DSP was first identified in 1981, yet its functional significance is still controversial. Historically, these two proteins were considered to be independently synthesized and secreted by dental pulp cells into the developing dentin matrix. However, with the identification of the DSP coding sequence in 1994, followed 2 years later by the finding that the PP coding sequence was located immediately downstream from the DSP sequence, it became immediately clear that DSP and PP proteins were derived from a single DSP-PP (i.e., dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP) transcript. Since DSPP cDNA became available, tremendous progress has been made in studying DSP-PP mRNA distribution and DSP generation from the DSP-PP precursor protein at specific cleavage sites by protease tolloid-related-1 (TLR1) or bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). The functions of DSP-PP and DSP were investigated via DSP-PP knockout (KO) and DSP knockin in DSP-PP KO mice. In addition, a number of in vitro studies aimed to elucidate DSPP and DSP function in dental pulp cells. Along with phosphophoryn (PP), dental sialoprotein (DSP) is the dominant non-collagen protein in dentin, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DSP is involved in inducing the differentiation of dental pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells, which form dentin. PP is known to be involved in the mineralization of dentin, but the functional significance of DSP had been controversial. Helena Ritchie of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry conducted a review of studies investigating the derivation, function and distribution of PP and DSP. It was originally thought that PP and DSP were synthesized independently; later, it became evident that they derive from a single DSP-PP gene. Wider DSP-PP distribution in various tissues, including kidney and salivary glands, and DSP or PP expression in non-mineralized tissues suggest that the proteins may have functions other than mineralization.
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18
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Vining KH, Scherba JC, Bever AM, Alexander MR, Celiz AD, Mooney DJ. Synthetic Light-Curable Polymeric Materials Provide a Supportive Niche for Dental Pulp Stem Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:10.1002/adma.201704486. [PMID: 29215170 PMCID: PMC5788014 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental disease annually affects billions of patients, and while regenerative dentistry aims to heal dental tissue after injury, existing polymeric restorative materials, or fillings, do not directly participate in the healing process in a bioinstructive manner. There is a need for restorative materials that can support native functions of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are capable of regenerating dentin. A polymer microarray formed from commercially available monomers to rapidly identify materials that support DPSC adhesion is used. Based on these findings, thiol-ene chemistry is employed to achieve rapid light-curing and minimize residual monomer of the lead materials. Several triacrylate bulk polymers support DPSC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro, and exhibit stiffness and tensile strength similar to existing dental materials. Conversely, materials composed of a trimethacrylate monomer or bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, which is a monomer standard in dental materials, do not support stem cell adhesion and negatively impact matrix and signaling pathways. Furthermore, thiol-ene polymerized triacrylates are used as permanent filling materials at the dentin-pulp interface in direct contact with irreversibly injured pulp tissue. These novel triacrylate-based biomaterials have potential to enable novel regenerative dental therapies in the clinic by both restoring teeth and providing a supportive niche for DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Vining
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jacob C Scherba
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alaina M Bever
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam D Celiz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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19
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Milhan NVM, de Barros PP, de Lima Zutin EA, de Oliveira FE, Camargo CHR, Camargo SEA. The Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Possible Adjunct for the Proliferation and Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2017; 43:2048-2053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Clark EL, Bush SJ, McCulloch MEB, Farquhar IL, Young R, Lefevre L, Pridans C, Tsang HG, Wu C, Afrasiabi C, Watson M, Whitelaw CB, Freeman TC, Summers KM, Archibald AL, Hume DA. A high resolution atlas of gene expression in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006997. [PMID: 28915238 PMCID: PMC5626511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep are a key source of meat, milk and fibre for the global livestock sector, and an important biomedical model. Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has aided genome annotation and supported functional annotation of mammalian genes. We present a large-scale RNA-Seq dataset representing all the major organ systems from adult sheep and from several juvenile, neonatal and prenatal developmental time points. The Ovis aries reference genome (Oar v3.1) includes 27,504 genes (20,921 protein coding), of which 25,350 (19,921 protein coding) had detectable expression in at least one tissue in the sheep gene expression atlas dataset. Network-based cluster analysis of this dataset grouped genes according to their expression pattern. The principle of 'guilt by association' was used to infer the function of uncharacterised genes from their co-expression with genes of known function. We describe the overall transcriptional signatures present in the sheep gene expression atlas and assign those signatures, where possible, to specific cell populations or pathways. The findings are related to innate immunity by focusing on clusters with an immune signature, and to the advantages of cross-breeding by examining the patterns of genes exhibiting the greatest expression differences between purebred and crossbred animals. This high-resolution gene expression atlas for sheep is, to our knowledge, the largest transcriptomic dataset from any livestock species to date. It provides a resource to improve the annotation of the current reference genome for sheep, presenting a model transcriptome for ruminants and insight into gene, cell and tissue function at multiple developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. B. McCulloch
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Iseabail L. Farquhar
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu G. Tsang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Afrasiabi
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C. Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan L. Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Zhu YQ, Song RM, Ritchie HH. Differential expression between "DSP-only" and DSP-PP 523 transcripts in rat molar teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:33-37. [PMID: 28595095 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression patterns of two multiple transcripts derived from DSP-PP gene during tooth development. One is DSP-only transcript (i.e. does not encode PP) and the other is DSP-PP523 transcript, a main DSP-PP transcript. DESIGN Unique antisense and sense riboprobes were generated from DSP-only and DSPPP523 cDNAs for in situ studies to examine DSP-only and DSP-PP523 transcript expression in developing molars. Paraffin-embedded sections (5-7μ m) from embryonic 20day, postnatal 2, 3 and 6days were deparaffined and hydrated. Tissues were prehybridized, then hybridized with DSP-only and DSP-PP523 anti-sense (AS) or sense (S) Digoxigenin labeled-riboprobes overnight, and washed. Anti-Digoxigenin antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase were used to detect the presence of bound riboprobes by color reaction with NBT/BCIP. Stro-1 antibody was used for immunohistochemical analysis of Stro-1 protein expression in rat molars. RESULTS We found that unlike the DSP-PP523 transcript, the DSP-only transcript does not express in the entire polarized mature odontoblasts but is expressed in the areas subjacent to the mature odontoblast layer. In addition, DSP-only transcript is expressed in the dental pulp. Interestingly, Stro-1 protein, a stem cell marker, was also identified in the areas subjacentto odontoblasts and in dental pulp. CONCLUSION Differential expression of DSP-only and DSP-PP523 transcripts suggest that these two kinds of transcripts may play different roles during dentinogenesis. DSP-PP523 transcript is expressed in mature odontoblasts, which actively participates in dentin formation. DSP-only transcript might have a different function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ryan M Song
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Helena H Ritchie
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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22
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Xiong F, Ji Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu L, Yang Q, Qiu Q, Zhao L, Chen D, Tian Z, Shang X, Zhang L, Wei X, Liu C, Yu Q, Zhang M, Cheng J, Xiong J, Li D, Wu X, Yuan H, Zhang W, Xu X. Mutation in SSUH2 Causes Autosomal-Dominant Dentin Dysplasia Type I. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:95-104. [PMID: 27680507 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dentin dysplasia type I (DDI) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder resulting from dentin defects. The molecular basis of DDI remains unclear. DDI exhibits unique characteristics with phenotypes featuring obliteration of pulp chambers and diminutive root, thus providing a useful model for understanding the genetics of tooth formation. Using a large Chinese family with 14 DDI patients, we mapped the gene locus responsible for DDI to 3p26.1-3p24.3 and further identified a missense mutation, c.353C>A (p.P118Q) in the SSUH2 gene on 3p26.1, which co-segregated with DDI. We showed that SSUH2 (p.P118Q) perturbed the structure and significantly reduced levels of mutant (MT) protein and mRNA compared with wild-type SSUH2. Furthermore, MT P141Q knock-in mice (+/- and -/-) had a unique partial obliteration of the pulp cavity and upregulation or downregulation of six major genes involved in odontogenesis: Dspp, Dmp1, Runx2, Pax9, Bmp2, and Dlx2. The phenotype of missing teeth was determined in zebrafish with morpholino gene knockdowns and rescued by injection of normal human mRNA. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that SSUH2 disrupts dental formation and that this novel gene, together with other odontogenesis genes, is involved in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisong Ji
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinwei Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhao
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Center for Medical Genetics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongri Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of silicate calcium cements as potential protective materials for pulpal revascularization. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1510-22. [PMID: 26494267 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In pulpal revascularization, a protective material is placed coronal to the blood clot to prevent recontamination and to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to produce new dental tissues. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been the material of choice for clot protection, it is easily displaced into the clot during condensation. The present study evaluated the effects of recently introduced calcium silicate cements (Biodentine and TheraCal LC) on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) by comparing with MTA Angelus. METHODS Cell viability was assessed using XTT assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of hDPSCs exposed to calcium silicate cements was examined using qRT-PCR for osteogenic gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, Alizarin red S staining and transmission electron microscopy of extracellular calcium deposits. Parametric statistical methods were employed for analyses of significant difference among groups, with α=0.05. RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of Biodentine and TheraCal LC on hDPSCs were time- and concentration-dependent. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was enhanced after exposure to Biodentine that was depleted of its cytotoxic components. This effect was less readily observed in hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC, although both cements supported extracellular mineralization better than the positive control (zinc oxide-eugenol-based cement). SIGNIFICANCE A favorable tissue response is anticipated to occur with the use of Biodentine as a blood clot-protecting material for pulpal revascularization. Further investigations with the use of in vivo animal models are required to validate the potential adverse biological effects of TheraCal LC on hDPSCs.
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24
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Liu C, Niu Y, Zhou X, Xu X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng L. Cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis-related pathways control pre-ameloblasts differentiation during tooth development. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:592. [PMID: 26265206 PMCID: PMC4534026 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblast differentiation is the most critical stepwise process in amelogenesis, and it is controlled by precise molecular events. To better understand the mechanism controlling pre-ameloblasts (PABs) differentiation into secretory ameloblasts (SABs), a more precise identification of molecules and signaling networks will elucidate the mechanisms governing enamel formation and lay a foundation for enamel regeneration. Results We analyzed transcriptional profiles of human PABs and SABs. From a total of 28,869 analyzed transcripts, we identified 923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with p < 0.05 and Fold-change > 2. Among the DEGs, 647 genes showed elevated expression in PABs compared to SABs. Notably, 38 DEGs displayed greater than eight-fold changes. Comparative analysis revealed that highly expressed genes in PABs were involved in cell cycle control, DNA damage repair and apoptosis, while highly expressed genes in SABs were related to cell adhesion and extracellular matrix. Moreover, coexpression network analysis uncovered two highly conserved sub-networks contributing to differentiation, containing transcription regulators (RUNX2, ETV1 and ETV5), solute carrier family members (SLC15A1 and SLC7A11), enamel matrix protein (MMP20), and a polymodal excitatory ion channel (TRPA1). Conclusions By combining comparative analysis and coexpression networks, this study provides novel biomarkers and research targets for ameloblast differentiation and the potential for their application in enamel regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1783-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yulong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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25
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Yamamoto R, Oida S, Yamakoshi Y. Dentin Sialophosphoprotein-derived Proteins in the Dental Pulp. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1120-7. [PMID: 25951824 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515585715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), the most abundant noncollagenous protein in dentin, is critical for proper mineralization of tooth dentin. DSPP is processed by proteases into 3 major domains: dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). There are at least 2 mRNA variants expressed from the Dspp gene: one encodes the full-length DSPP protein (DSP+DGP+DPP); the other encodes only DSP. The shorter transcript is generated through the use of a polyadenylation signal within intron 4, immediately following the DSP coding region (DGP and DPP are encoded by exon 5). We fractionated DSPP-derived proteins from the dental pulp of developing porcine incisors using heparin chromatography. DSP was identified, but little DPP could be detected in any fractions. BMP-1 digestion of DSPP-derived proteins extracted from dental pulp did not generate new DPP bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (indicating an absence of intact DSPP), although the results suggested another BMP-1 cleavage site within DSP. We further purified DSPP-derived protein by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its amino acid composition was similar to DSP. Expression of the full-length Dspp mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was significantly higher in odontoblasts than in pulp, while expression of the DSP-only mRNA was almost equal in odontoblasts and in the body of the pulp. Expression of the full-length Dspp mRNA was also significantly higher than the expression of DSP-only mRNA in odontoblasts. Both the full-length and the DSP-only Dspp mRNA showed only trace expression in the pulp tip. We conclude that use of the 3' polyadenylation signal in exon 5 predominates in fully differentiated odontoblasts, while both polyadenylation signals are used throughout odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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