1
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Güven B, Tanoglu A, Ozcelik F, Tanoglu EG, Terzi NK. 4-phenyl butyric acid improves hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and affects gene expression of ABC transporter Abcc5 in rats. Croat Med J 2023; 64:391-403. [PMID: 38168520 PMCID: PMC10797231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) on oxidative stress, inflammation, liver histology, endoplasmic (ER) reticulum stress, and the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter family members in a hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. METHODS Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, IR, IR + 100 mg kg-1 PBA, IR + 200 mg kg-1 PBA, and IR + placebo. After sacrifice, we assessed serum biochemical variables, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS). The expression levels of Abcc (2 and 5), Abcg2, Abcf2, Ire1-α, and Perk genes were measured with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum biochemical variables, MPO, MDA, TAS, and TOS levels of the PBA groups (especially in the low dose group) were lower than in the IR and placebo group (P<0.05). Histological tissue damage in the IR group was more severe than in the PBA groups. Ire1-α and Perk expression levels were significantly lower in the PBA groups than the IR group (P<0.001). Abcc (2 and 5) and Abcg2 expression levels were significantly lower in the IR group than in the sham and PBA groups (P<0.001, P<0.035, and P<0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The use of PBA significantly positively affected IR injury, which makes PBA a candidate treatment to reduce liver IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Güven
- Bülent Barış Güven, Girne Mah., Madenci sok. 16, Whitecity sit, D-14, Maltepe, 34852, Istanbul, Turkey,
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2
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Li H, Weng W, Zhou B. Perfect duet: Dual recombinases improve genetic resolution. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13446. [PMID: 37060165 PMCID: PMC10212704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a powerful genetic tool, site-specific recombinases (SSRs) have been widely used in genomic manipulation to elucidate cell fate plasticity in vivo, advancing research in stem cell and regeneration medicine. However, the low resolution of conventional single-recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies, which rely heavily on the specificity of one marker gene, has led to controversial conclusions in many scientific questions. Therefore, different SSRs systems are combined to improve the accuracy of lineage tracing. Here we review the recent advances in dual-recombinase-mediated genetic approaches, including the development of novel genetic recombination technologies and their applications in cell differentiation, proliferation, and genetic manipulation. In comparison with the single-recombinase system, we also discuss the advantages of dual-genetic strategies in solving scientific issues as well as their technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wendong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryShenzhenChina
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3
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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4
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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5
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Kasai-Brunswick TH, Carvalho AB, Campos de Carvalho AC. Stem cell therapies in cardiac diseases: Current status and future possibilities. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1231-1247. [PMID: 34630860 PMCID: PMC8474720 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the world’s leading cause of death. In this heterogeneous group of diseases, ischemic cardiomyopathies are the most devastating and prevalent, estimated to cause 17.9 million deaths per year. Despite all biomedical efforts, there are no effective treatments that can replace the myocytes lost during an ischemic event or progression of the disease to heart failure. In this context, cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic alternative to treat cardiovascular diseases by cell administration, aimed at cardiac regeneration and repair. In this review, we will cover more than 30 years of cell therapy in cardiology, presenting the main milestones and drawbacks in the field and signaling future challenges and perspectives. The outcomes of cardiac cell therapies are discussed in three distinct aspects: The search for remuscularization by replacement of lost cells by exogenous adult cells, the endogenous stem cell era, which pursued the isolation of a progenitor with the ability to induce heart repair, and the utilization of pluripotent stem cells as a rich and reliable source of cardiomyocytes. Acellular therapies using cell derivatives, such as microvesicles and exosomes, are presented as a promising cell-free therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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6
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He L, Nguyen NB, Ardehali R, Zhou B. Heart Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: Controversy, Fallacy, and Progress. Circulation 2020; 142:275-291. [PMID: 32687441 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes with subsequent adverse remodeling and heart failure. Identifying new sources for cardiomyocytes and promoting their formation represents a goal of cardiac biology and regenerative medicine. Within the past decade, many types of putative cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to regenerate the injured myocardium by differentiating into new cardiomyocytes. Some of these CSCs have been translated from bench to bed with reported therapeutic effectiveness. However, recent basic research studies on stem cell tracing have begun to question their fundamental biology and mechanisms of action, raising serious concerns over the myogenic potential of CSCs. We review the history of different types of CSCs within the past decade and provide an update of recent cell tracing studies that have challenged the origin and existence of CSCs. In addition to the potential role of CSCs in heart regeneration, proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes has recently gained more attention. This review will also evaluate the methodologic and technical aspects of past and current studies on CSCs and cardiomyocyte proliferation, with emphasis on technical strengths, advantages, and potential limitations of research approaches. While our understanding of cardiomyocyte generation and regeneration continues to evolve, it is important to address the shortcomings and inaccuracies in this field. This is best achieved by embracing technological advancements and improved methods to label single cardiomyocytes/progenitors and accurately investigate their developmental potential and fate/lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.).,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China (B.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.)
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7
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Kyei B, Li L, Yang L, Zhan S, Zhang H. CDR1as/miRNAs-related regulatory mechanisms in muscle development and diseases. Gene 2020; 730:144315. [PMID: 31904497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscles are critical tissues for mammals due to their close association with movement and physiology. Myogenesis involves proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of myoblast, in which many well-known protein-coding genes, as well as linear non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted much attention since several circRNAs are known to play significant roles in muscle development and diseases through limited mechanisms, particularly through sponging miRNAs. Through advanced researches, increasing evidence suggests that Cerebellar Degeneration-Related protein 1 antisense (CDR1as) is an important circRNA that regulates the levels of mRNAs expression via competitively sponged miRNAs. Here, we reviewed the robust expression and base pairing relationships of CDR1as and several myogenic miRNAs, as well as these miRNAs and their targeted genes in muscles or some muscle-related diseases. These potential CDR1as/miRNAs/mRNA pathways will provide the basis for further research on the function of CDR1as in muscle development, and eventually extend the versatile roles of CDR1as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Kyei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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8
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Villanueva S, Zhang W, Zecchinati F, Mottino A, Vore M. ABC Transporters in Extrahepatic Tissues: Pharmacological Regulation in Heart and Intestine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1155-1184. [PMID: 29589524 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180327092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins expressed in secretory epithelia like the liver, kidneys and intestine, in the epithelia exhibiting barrier function such as the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and to a much lesser extent, in tissues like reproductive organs, lungs, heart and pancreas, among others. They regulate internal distribution of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics including drugs of therapeutic use and also participate in their elimination from the body. We here describe the function and regulation of ABC transporters in the heart and small intestine, as examples of extrahepatic tissues, in which ABC proteins play clearly different roles. In the heart, they are involved in tissue pathogenesis as well as in protecting this organ against toxic compounds and druginduced oxidative stress. The small intestine is highly exposed to therapeutic drugs taken orally and, consequently, ABC transporters localized on its surface strongly influence drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. Examples of the ABC proteins currently described are Multidrug Resistance-associated Proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and 2) for heart and small intestine, respectively, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) for both organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
| | - Felipe Zecchinati
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Aldo Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mary Vore
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
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9
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Li Y, He L, Huang X, Bhaloo SI, Zhao H, Zhang S, Pu W, Tian X, Li Y, Liu Q, Yu W, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu K, Tang J, Zhang H, Cai D, Ralf AH, Xu Q, Lui KO, Zhou B. Genetic Lineage Tracing of Nonmyocyte Population by Dual Recombinases. Circulation 2018; 138:793-805. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Whether the adult mammalian heart harbors cardiac stem cells for regeneration of cardiomyocytes is an important yet contentious topic in the field of cardiovascular regeneration. The putative myocyte stem cell populations recognized without specific cell markers, such as the cardiosphere-derived cells, or with markers such as Sca1
+
, Bmi1
+
, Isl1
+
, or Abcg2
+
cardiac stem cells have been reported. Moreover, it remains unclear whether putative cardiac stem cells with unknown or unidentified markers exist and give rise to de novo cardiomyocytes in the adult heart.
Methods:
To address this question without relying on a particular stem cell marker, we developed a new genetic lineage tracing system to label all nonmyocyte populations that contain putative cardiac stem cells. Using dual lineage tracing system, we assessed whether nonmyocytes generated any new myocytes during embryonic development, during adult homeostasis, and after myocardial infarction. Skeletal muscle was also examined after injury for internal control of new myocyte generation from nonmyocytes.
Results:
By this stem cell marker–free and dual recombinases–mediated cell tracking approach, our fate mapping data show that new myocytes arise from nonmyocytes in the embryonic heart, but not in the adult heart during homeostasis or after myocardial infarction. As positive control, our lineage tracing system detected new myocytes derived from nonmyocytes in the skeletal muscle after injury.
Conclusions:
This study provides in vivo genetic evidence for nonmyocyte to myocyte conversion in embryonic but not adult heart, arguing again the myogenic potential of putative stem cell populations for cardiac regeneration in the adult stage. This study also provides a new genetic strategy to identify endogenous stem cells, if any, in other organ systems for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (S.I.B. Q.X.)
| | - Huan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xueying Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Wei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Libo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Kuo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
| | - Adams H. Ralf
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany (A.H.R.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (S.I.B. Q.X.)
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, L.H., X.H., H.Z., S.Z., W.P., X.T., Yi Li, Q.L., W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, China (X.T., D.C., B.Z.)
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10
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Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1247857. [PMID: 30034478 PMCID: PMC6035836 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1247857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development in mammals is followed by a postnatal decline in cell proliferation and cell renewal from stem cell populations. A better understanding of the developmental changes in cardiac microenvironments occurring during heart maturation will be informative regarding the loss of adult regenerative potential. We reevaluate the adult heart's mitotic potential and the reported adult cardiac stem cell populations, as these are two topics of ongoing debate. The heart's early capacity for cell proliferation driven by progenitors and reciprocal signalling is demonstrated throughout development. The mature heart architecture and environment may be more restrictive on niches that can host progenitor cells. The engraftment issues observed in cardiac stem cell therapy trials using exogenous stem cells may indicate a lack of supporting stem cell niches, while tissue injury adds to a hostile microenvironment for transplanted cells. Engraftment may be improved by preconditioning the cultured stem cells and modulating the microenvironment to host these cells. These prospective areas of further research would benefit from a better understanding of cardiac progenitor interactions with their microenvironment throughout development and may lead to enhanced cardiac niche support for stem cell therapy engraftment.
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11
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Erdei Z, Schamberger A, Török G, Szebényi K, Várady G, Orbán TI, Homolya L, Sarkadi B, Apáti Á. Generation of multidrug resistant human tissues by overexpression of the ABCG2 multidrug transporter in embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194925. [PMID: 29649238 PMCID: PMC5896897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABCG2 multidrug transporter provides resistance against various endo- and xenobiotics, and protects the stem cells against toxins and stress conditions. We have shown earlier that a GFP-tagged version of ABCG2 is fully functional and may be used to follow the expression, localization and function of this transporter in living cells. In the present work we have overexpressed GFP-ABCG2, driven by a constitutive (CAG) promoter, in HUES9 human embryonic stem cells. Stem cell clones were generated to express the wild-type and a substrate-mutant (R482G) GFP-ABCG2 variant, by using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. We found that the stable overexpression of these transgenes did not change the pluripotency and growth properties of the stem cells, nor their differentiation capacity to hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes. ABCG2 overexpression provided increased toxin resistance in the stem cells, and protected the derived cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin toxicity. These studies document the potential of a stable ABCG2 expression for engineering toxin-resistant human pluripotent stem cells and selected stem cell derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Erdei
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Török
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I. Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mochizuki M, Lorenz V, Ivanek R, Della Verde G, Gaudiello E, Marsano A, Pfister O, Kuster GM. Polo-Like Kinase 2 is Dynamically Regulated to Coordinate Proliferation and Early Lineage Specification Downstream of Yes-Associated Protein 1 in Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005920. [PMID: 29066438 PMCID: PMC5721832 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) can produce new cardiac cells. Such cell formation requires an intricate coordination of progenitor cell proliferation and commitment, but the molecular cues responsible for this regulation in CPCs are ill defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Extracellular matrix components are important instructors of cell fate. Using laminin and fibronectin, we induced two slightly distinct CPC phenotypes differing in proliferation rate and commitment status and analyzed the early transcriptomic response to CPC adhesion (<2 hours). Ninety-four genes were differentially regulated on laminin versus fibronectin, consisting of mostly downregulated genes that were enriched for Yes-associated protein (YAP) conserved signature and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1)-related genes. This early gene regulation was preceded by the rapid cytosolic sequestration and degradation of YAP on laminin. Among the most strongly regulated genes was polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2). Plk2 expression depended on YAP stability and was enhanced in CPCs transfected with a nuclear-targeted mutant YAP. Phenotypically, the early downregulation of Plk2 on laminin was succeeded by lower cell proliferation, enhanced lineage gene expression (24 hours), and facilitated differentiation (3 weeks) compared with fibronectin. Finally, overexpression of Plk2 enhanced CPC proliferation and knockdown of Plk2 induced the expression of lineage genes. CONCLUSIONS Plk2 acts as coordinator of cell proliferation and early lineage commitment in CPCs. The rapid downregulation of Plk2 on YAP inactivation marks a switch towards enhanced commitment and facilitated differentiation. These findings link early gene regulation to cell fate and provide novel insights into how CPC proliferation and differentiation are orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Cai CL, Molkentin JD. The Elusive Progenitor Cell in Cardiac Regeneration: Slip Slidin' Away. Circ Res 2017; 120:400-406. [PMID: 28104772 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart is unable to regenerate after various forms of injury, suggesting that this organ lacks a biologically meaningful endogenous stem cell pool. However, injecting the infarcted area of the adult mammalian heart with exogenously prepared progenitor cells of various types has been reported to create new myocardium by the direct conversion of these progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes. These reports remain controversial because follow-up studies from independent laboratories failed to observe such an effect. Also, the exact nature of various putative myocyte-producing progenitor cells remains elusive and undefined across laboratories. By comparison, the field has gradually worked toward a consensus viewpoint that proposes that the adult mammalian myocardium can undergo a low level of new cardiomyocyte renewal of ≈1% per year, which is primarily because of proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes but not from the differentiation of putative progenitor cells. This review will weigh the emerging evidence, suggesting that the adult mammalian heart lacks a definable myocyte-generating progenitor cell of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Leng Cai
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.-L.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, OH (J.D.M.).
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.-L.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, OH (J.D.M.).
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14
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Wanjare M, Huang NF. Regulation of the microenvironment for cardiac tissue engineering. Regen Med 2017; 12:187-201. [PMID: 28244821 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of myocardium plays an important role in the fate and function of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Cardiovascular tissue engineering strategies commonly utilize stem cell sources in conjunction with microenvironmental cues that often include biochemical, electrical, spatial and biomechanical factors. Microenvironmental stimulation of CMs, in addition to the incorporation of intercellular interactions from non-CMs, results in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs. Current studies suggest that use of these factors when engineering cardiac constructs improve cardiac function when implanted in vivo. In this review, we summarize the approaches to modulate biochemical, electrical, biomechanical and spatial factors to induce CM differentiation and their subsequent organization for cardiac tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wanjare
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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Caetano-Pinto P, Jansen J, Assaraf YG, Masereeuw R. The importance of breast cancer resistance protein to the kidneys excretory function and chemotherapeutic resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 30:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Yellamilli A, van Berlo JH. The Role of Cardiac Side Population Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:102. [PMID: 27679798 PMCID: PMC5020051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a limited ability to regenerate. It is important to identify therapeutic strategies that enhance cardiac regeneration in order to replace cardiomyocytes lost during the progression of heart failure. Cardiac progenitor cells are interesting targets for new regenerative therapies because they are self-renewing, multipotent cells located in the heart. Cardiac side population cells (cSPCs), the first cardiac progenitor cells identified in the adult heart, have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. They become activated in response to cardiac injury and transplantation of cSPCs into the injured heart improves cardiac function. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on the progenitor cell properties and therapeutic potential of cSPCs. This body of work demonstrates the great promise cSPCs hold as targets for new regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Stem Cell Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Bruyneel AAN, Sehgal A, Malandraki-Miller S, Carr C. Stem Cell Therapy for the Heart: Blind Alley or Magic Bullet? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:405-418. [PMID: 27542008 PMCID: PMC5153828 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When stressed by ageing or disease, the adult human heart is unable to regenerate, leading to scarring and hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. As a result, stem cell therapy has been proposed as an ultimate therapeutic strategy, as stem cells could limit adverse remodelling and give rise to new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. Unfortunately, the results from clinical trials to date have been largely disappointing. In this review, we discuss the current status of the field and describe various limitations and how future work may attempt to resolve these to make way to successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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