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Elbehery HH, Ibrahim SS. Potential fumigant toxicity of essential oils against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Sci Rep 2024; 14:6253. [PMID: 38491058 PMCID: PMC10943214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sitotroga cerealella is a serious pest of a wide range of stored cereal grains. An essential element of an integrated pest control approach is the application of plant oils as a substitute for chemical insecticides. This study aimed to investigate the fumigant toxicity of Allium sativum and Mentha piperita essential oils against S. cerealella adult moths and the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses detected that Diallyl trisulfide (37.97%) and DL-Menthol (47.67%) as main compounds in A. sativum and M. piperita, respectively. The results showed that, A. sativum at 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5 µL/L air resulted in 100% insect mortality after 24 h exposure. The concentrations of 10.0 and 5.0 µL/L air of M. piperita oil resulted in 100 and 96% insect mortality, respectively. The parasitoid adult emergence in the F1 reduced when exposed to LC99 of A. sativum and M. piperita oils by 10.89 and 9.67%, respectively. Also, the parasitism of emerged parasitoid decreased by 9.25 and 5.84% (class I-harmless), respectively. Therefore A. sativum and M. piperita have the potential to be used as bio-fumigant for the management of S. cerealella and can be used alongside the T. evanescens in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H Elbehery
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Abdeen A, Elsabagh R, Elbasuni SS, Said AM, Abdelkader A, El-Far AH, Ibrahim SF, Mihaela O, Fericean L, Abdelfattah AM, El-Hewaity M, Elbarbary N, Kadah AY, Ibrahim SS. Microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris) attenuates aflatoxin-associated renal injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291965. [PMID: 38205372 PMCID: PMC10777483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aflatoxins (AFT) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are extremely dangerous for both human beings as well as animals. A safe, effective, and considerate strategy is therefore credited with controlling AFT intoxication. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the mitigating properties of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) against AFT-induced nephrotoxicity and altered egg quality. Methods: Quails were randomized into Control group (receiving a normal diet); ChV group (1 g/kg diet); AFT group (receiving an AFT-containing diet); and the AFT-ChV group were given both treatments. Results and discussion: AFT provoked kidney injury, exhibited by increased renal biochemical parameters and reduced protein levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels dramatically increased as a consequence of AFT exposure, and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also decreased. Substantial up-modulation of the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was additionally reported. Furthermore, AFT residues were detected in the egg compromising its quality and nutritional value. Contrarily, ChV supplemented diet suppressed the AFT-prompted oxidative stress and inflammation, together with enhancing the nutritional value and quality of eggs and decreasing AFT residues. These beneficial impacts are proposed to be attributed to its antioxidant and nutritional ingredients. The molecular docking dynamics confirmed the inflammatory and apoptotic protein targets for ChV. Our findings recommend that adding ChV supplements to foods might guard against nephrotoxicity brought on by AFT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elsabagh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Sawsan S. Elbasuni
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M. Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ostan Mihaela
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Life Sciences “King Michael I" from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Life Sciences “King Michael I" from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Abdelfattah M. Abdelfattah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Hewaity
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum, Egypt
| | - Nady Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Amgad Y. Kadah
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Elbialy ZI, Assar DH, Abdelnaby A, Asa SA, Abdelhiee EY, Ibrahim SS, Abdel-Daim MM, Almeer R, Atiba A. Retraction notice to "Healing potential of Spirulina platensis for skin wounds by modulating bFGF, VEGF, TGF-ß1 and α-SMA genes expression targeting angiogenesis and scar tissue formation in the rat model" [Biomed. Pharmacother. 137 (2021) 111349]. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115371. [PMID: 37802729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Aml Abdelnaby
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abu Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Y Abdelhiee
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Elsabagh R, Ibrahim SS, Abd-Elaaty EM, Abdeen A, Rayan AM, Ibrahim SF, Abdo M, Imbrea F, Şmuleac L, El-Sayed AM, Abd Elghaffar RY, Morsy MK. Chitosan edible coating: a potential control of toxic biogenic amines and enhancing the quality and shelf life of chilled tuna filets. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023; 7. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1177010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible films and coatings offer great potential to support sustainable food production by lowering packaging waste, extending product shelf life, and actively preserving food quality. Using edible coatings containing plant extracts with antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics could help to enhance the quality and shelf life of fish products. In this study, the combination effect of chitosan with beetroot, curcumin, and garlic extracts on biogenic amines (BAs) reduction, biochemical quality [pH, thiobarbituric acid index (TBA), trimethylamine (TMA), and total volatile base (TVB)], shelf life and sensory characteristics of tuna filets was investigated over 14 days of refrigerated storage compared to control (uncoated) samples. The results showed that the coated samples experienced a lower increase in BAs levels than the control samples. Among the treated samples, chitosan incorporated with curcumin (CH-C) showed the highest reduction in BAs formation (1.45 – 19.33, 0.81 – 4.45, and 1.04 – 8.14 mg/kg), followed by chitosan with garlic (CH-G) (1.54 – 21.74, 0.83 – 5.77, and 1.08 – 8.84 mg/kg), chitosan with beetroot extract (CH-B) (1.56 – 31.70, 0.84 – 6.79, and 1.07 – 10.82 mg/kg), and chitosan without extract addition (CH) (1.62 – 33.83, 0.71 – 7.82 and 1.12 – 12.66 mg/kg) compared to control samples (1.62 – 59.45, 0.80 – 11.96, and 1.14 – 20.34 mg/kg) for histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine, respectively. In addition, the rate of increase in pH, TBA, TMA, and TVB of all coated treatments was lower than in the control samples. Sensory evaluation results revealed that chitosan-treated samples incorporated with beetroot, garlic, and curcumin extracts showed good quality and acceptability characteristics. Overall, chitosan edible coatings incorporated with beetroot, garlic, and curcumin extracts reduced the formation of biogenic amine, delayed biochemical deterioration, and extended the shelf life of tuna filets. Among the treated samples, CH-C demonstrated a remarkable superiority in all the studied parameters. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy for the incorporation of active compounds in edible coatings to improve the quality and safety of foods during storage.
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Abdelnaby A, Abdelaleem NM, Elshewy E, Mansour AH, Ibrahim SS. Application of Bentonite Clay, Date Pit, and Chitosan Nanoparticles as Promising Adsorbents to Sequester Toxic Lead and Cadmium from Milk. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2650-2664. [PMID: 35829983 PMCID: PMC10020323 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating residual lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in food products, especially milk, is critical for product safety and quality. In this purview, the current study aims to determine Pb and Cd concentrations in milk using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and compare their values with international standards. In addition, it aims to remove these metals from milk samples using low-cost, naturally occurring materials, such as bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles. The ability of potential adsorbents was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, their impact on milk's nutritional properties was considered. The results revealed that most milk samples contained Pb and Cd, with mean values of 0.237 ± 0.179 and 0.041 ± 0.036 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the three possible adsorbents demonstrated high sequestering ability due to their existing functional groups; the adsorption capacity of bentonite to Pb and Cd was 84 and 88%, date pit was 97 and 93%, and chitosan nanoparticles were 82 and 98%, respectively, with no discernible change in milk nutritional contents. In conclusion, the bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles were found to be significantly effective and safe in removing hazardous trace elements (Pb and Cd) from contaminated milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdelnaby
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, (Benha Branch), Benha, 13512, Egypt.
| | - Nabila M Abdelaleem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Elham Elshewy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Ayman H Mansour
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki,, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
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Elbasuni SS, Ibrahim SS, Elsabagh R, Nada MO, Elshemy MA, Ismail AK, Mansour HM, Ghamry HI, Ibrahim SF, Alsaati I, Abdeen A, Said AM. The Preferential Therapeutic Potential of Chlorella vulgaris against Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Quail. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120843. [PMID: 36548739 PMCID: PMC9787596 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most detrimental mycotoxin, potentially hazardous to animals and humans. AFs in food threaten the health of consumers and cause liver cancer. Therefore, a safe, efficient, and friendly approach is attributed to the control of aflatoxicosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Chlorella vulgaris (CLV) on hepatic aflatoxicosis, aflatoxin residues, and meat quality in quails. Quails were allocated into a control group; the CLV group received CLV (1 g/kg diet); the AF group received an AF-contaminated diet (50 ppb); and the AF+CLV group received both treatments. The results revealed that AF decreased the growth performance and caused a hepatic injury, exhibited as an increase in liver enzymes and disrupted lipid metabolism. In addition, AF induced oxidative stress, exhibited by a dramatic increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreases in glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Significant up-regulation in the inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) mRNA expression was also documented. Moreover, aflatoxin residues were detected in the liver and meat with an elevation of fat% alongside a decrease in meat protein%. On the other hand, CLV supplementation ameliorated AF-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in addition to improving the nutritional value of meat and significantly reducing AF residues. CLV mitigated AF-induced hepatic damage, decreased growth performance, and lowered meat quality via its antioxidant and nutritional constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan S. Elbasuni
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elsabagh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Mai O. Nada
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute-Benha Branch, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Elshemy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Ayman K. Ismail
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 3236101, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.F.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Ilhaam Alsaati
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.F.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Alshaimaa M. Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
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Darwish H, Alharthi S, Mehanna RA, Ibrahim SS, Fawzy MA, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, Albogami B, Hassan SHA, Noureldeen A. Evaluation of the Anti-Cancer Potential of Rosa damascena Mill. Callus Extracts against the Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196241. [PMID: 36234779 PMCID: PMC9572977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy aiming to destroy cancer cells. Adjuvant therapy may reduce hazards of chemotherapy and help in destroying these cells when obtained from natural products, such as medical plants. In this study, the potential therapeutic effect of Rosa damascena callus crude extract produced in vitamin-enhanced media is investigated on colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. Two elicitors, i.e., L-ascorbic acid and citric acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L were added to the callus induction medium. Callus extraction and the GC–MS analysis of methanolic crude extracts were also determined. Cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, proliferation and migration of Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells were investigated using MTT cytotoxicity, colony-forming, Ki-67 flow cytometry proliferation and Migration Scratch assays, respectively. Our results indicated that L-ascorbic acid treatment enhanced callus growth parameters and improved secondary metabolite contents. It showed the least IC50 value of 137 ug/mL compared to 237 ug/mL and 180 ug/mL in the citric acid-treated and control group. We can conclude that R. damascena callus elicited by L-ascorbic acid improved growth and secondary metabolite contents as well as having an efficient antiproliferative, anti-clonogenic and anti-migratory effect on Caco-2 cancer cells, thus, can be used as an adjuvant anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-55-621-4209
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa A. Mehanna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
| | - Mustafa A. Fawzy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Albogami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sedky H. A. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Elbehery HH, Ibrahim SS. Cinnamon essential oil loaded β-cyclodextrin/gum Arabic nanoparticles affecting life table parameters of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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Allam A, Abdeen A, Devkota HP, Ibrahim SS, Youssef G, Soliman A, Abdel-Daim MM, Alzahrani KJ, Shoghy K, Ibrahim SF, Aboubakr M. N-Acetylcysteine Alleviated the Deltamethrin-Induced Oxidative Cascade and Apoptosis in Liver and Kidney Tissues. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19020638. [PMID: 35055458 PMCID: PMC8775898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with anti-acaricide and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Humans and animals are exposed to DLM through the ingestion of polluted food and water, resulting in severe health issues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug of L-cysteine, the precursor to glutathione. It can restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Therefore, this research aimed to examine whether NAC may protect broiler chickens against oxidative stress, at the level of biochemical and molecular alterations caused by DLM intoxication. The indicators of liver and kidney injury in the serum of DLM-intoxicated and NAC-treated groups were examined. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase activity, and apoptotic gene expressions (caspase-3 and Bcl-2) were investigated. All parameters were significantly altered in the DLM-intoxicated group, suggesting that DLM could induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in hepato-renal tissue. The majority of the changes in the studied parameters were reversed when NAC therapy was used. In conclusion, by virtue of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, NAC enabled the provision of significant protection effects against DLM-induced hepato-renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (S.S.I.); (G.Y.)
- Center of Excellence in Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.P.D.); Tel.: +20-1000222986 (A.A.); +81-96-371-4837 (H.P.D.)
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.P.D.); Tel.: +20-1000222986 (A.A.); +81-96-371-4837 (H.P.D.)
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (S.S.I.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gehan Youssef
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (S.S.I.); (G.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled Shoghy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.A.)
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Elbialy ZI, Assar DH, Abdelnaby A, Asa SA, Abdelhiee EY, Ibrahim SS, Abdel-Daim MM, Almeer R, Atiba A. Healing potential of Spirulina platensis for skin wounds by modulating bFGF, VEGF, TGF-ß1 and α-SMA genes expression targeting angiogenesis and scar tissue formation in the rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111349. [PMID: 33567349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue-green microalga Spirulina platensis (SP) gained more attention for its antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties magnifying its beneficial effects as a feed additive and for cosmetic and biomedical applications. This study was performed to examine the impact of SP on the cutaneous wound and burn healing and to develop an understanding of the correlation between the sequelae of wound healing and the molecular expression patterns of wound healing-related genes as angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrosis-related genes as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rat wound models. To achieve these goals, two experiments were performed on 32 Wister male rats that were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. Each experiment was represented by 2 groups; the control group (CG) and the Spirulina group (SG). A full-thickness wound (1.5 × 1.5 cm) and burn wound (2 × 2 cm) were made on the back of each generally anaesthetized rat and the areas of wound and burn were measured on days of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 and 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 post-wound and post-burn respectively. In both experiments, SP was topically applied on the backs of wounded and burned rats in Spirulina treated groups. The phases of wound granulation tissues were detected histopathologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of (TGF-B1) and (VEGF). Furthermore, the relative quantification of gene expression was implemented using the (bFGF), (VEGF), (TGF-Ɓ1), and (α-SMA) as target genes. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, epithelialization, and extracellular matrix deposition and wound contraction in SG as compared to CG in both experiments. Immunohistochemistry results showed a significant improvement in the VEGF and TGF-β1 expression levels of SG in both experiments. Interestingly, SG in both experiments revealed upregulation of angiogenic genes (bFGF and VEGF) and downregulation of fibrotic genes (TGF-β1 and α-SMA). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the topically applied Spirulina promoted wound healing. Thus, SP can be used as a biomedical application to treat various skin wounds and may reveal a potential molecular basis for future promising antifibrotic agents against scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Aml Abdelnaby
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abu Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Y Abdelhiee
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Ibrahim SS, Said AM. EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN AMELIORATION OF TESTICULAR AND RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE IN MALE ALBINO RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.32553/ijmbs.v3i3.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative ameliorating efficacy of lycopene against the deleterious effects of boldenone, an androgenic steroid, on the rat testis and kidney. Materials and Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group received intramuscular (i.m) injection of olive oil once a week; lycopene (Lc) group received lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily); boldenone (Bol) group received (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week); Bol + Lc group received boldenone (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week) and lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily) all for four weeks. Results: intramuscular injection of boldenone significantly induced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as well as inhibited total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity in testis and kidney tissue. Additionally, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression after Bol injection along with marked increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and decrease in serum testosterone. These alterations were confirmed by the histopathological examination of testis and kidney. On the other hand, lycopene oral administration attenuated the testicular and renal injuries induced by boldenone injection. Conclusion: administration of antioxidants as lycopene effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of boldenone on testis and kidney tissues.
Key words: Boldenone undecylenate, lycopene, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis.
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Bahgy HEKE, Elbarbary HA, Ibrahim SS. Open Access Estimation of deltamethrin residues in cow's and goat's environment and trials to reduce its level in milk. Vet World 2018; 11:606-611. [PMID: 29915498 PMCID: PMC5993775 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.606-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed to estimate deltamethrin residues in cow’s and goat’s environment over a certain period of time post-application, to identify the role of both feed and water as a source of pesticides, and to conduct some trials to reduce their levels in milk. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 water and feed samples (40 of each) and 120 milk samples (80 cow’s milk and 40 goat’s milk) were collected. Fresh milk samples were collected directly from the udder as well as from feed and water before application and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 15th, 21st, and 35th days after insecticide application. Results: Deltamethrin residues were detected after its application in both water and feed at different levels up to the first 3 days and in all cow’s and goat’s milk samples at 35th day. The highest levels were detected in milk samples at the 2nd day then at the 7th day followed at the 15th day after application as such levels were above the maximum residual limits. By microwaving the polluted cow’s milk samples, deltamethrin residues were not detected without influencing the chemical composition of the milk. However, on freezing of milk, the deltamethrin residues reached 12.6±3.24 μg/L in association with a significant decline in the concentration of fat. Conclusion: Microwaving of milk is an effective method to decline deltamethrin concentration in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halla E K El Bahgy
- Hygiene and Veterinary Care, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Hend A Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
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Irving H, Riveron JM, Ibrahim SS, Lobo NF, Wondji CS. Positional cloning of rp2 QTL associates the P450 genes CYP6Z1, CYP6Z3 and CYP6M7 with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus. Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 109:383-92. [PMID: 22948188 PMCID: PMC3499844 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus is threatening malaria control in
Africa. Elucidation of underlying resistance mechanisms is crucial to improve the success
of future control programs. A positional cloning approach was used to identify genes
conferring resistance in the uncharacterised rp2 quantitative trait locus (QTL)
previously detected in this vector using F6 advanced intercross lines (AIL). A
113 kb BAC clone spanning rp2 was identified and sequenced revealing a
cluster of 15 P450 genes and one salivary protein gene (SG7-2). Contrary to
A. gambiae, AfCYP6M1 is triplicated in A. funestus, while
AgCYP6Z2 orthologue is absent. Five hundred and sixty-five new single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for genetic mapping from rp2
P450s and other genes revealing high genetic polymorphisms with one SNP every
36 bp. A significant genotype/phenotype association was detected for
rp2 P450s but not for a cluster of cuticular protein genes previously
associated with resistance in A. gambiae. QTL mapping using F6 AIL confirms the
rp2 QTL with an increase logarithm of odds score of 5. Multiplex gene
expression profiling of 15 P450s and other genes around rp2 followed by
individual validation using qRT–PCR indicated a significant overexpression in the
resistant FUMOZ-R strain of the P450s AfCYP6Z1, AfCYP6Z3,
AfCYP6M7 and the glutathione-s-transferase GSTe2 with respective fold
change of 11.2, 6.3, 5.5 and 2.8. Polymorphisms analysis of AfCYP6Z1 and
AfCYP6Z3 identified amino acid changes potentially associated with resistance
further indicating that these genes are controlling the pyrethroid resistance explained by
the rp2 QTL. The characterisation of this rp2 QTL significantly improves
our understanding of resistance mechanisms in A. funestus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Irving
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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16
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Abstract
The present work deals with the study of efficacy of some treatments, namely soaking (in water and bicarbonate solution), ordinary and pressure cooking, germination and fermentation in reducing or removal of antinutritional factors usually present in cowpeas (protease inhibitors, tannins, phytic acid and flatus-producing oligosaccharides (raffinose and stachyose). The results showed that long-time soaking (16 h) in bicarbonate solution caused remarkable reduction in the antinutritional factors. Pressure cooking was more effective than ordinary. Cooking pregerminated cowpeas was most effective. Fermentation completely removed trypsin inhibitor, oligosaccharides and reduced remarkably phytic acid. However, tannins noticeably increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ibrahim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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17
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Mullen JR, Kaliraman V, Ibrahim SS, Brill SJ. Requirement for three novel protein complexes in the absence of the Sgs1 DNA helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2001; 157:103-18. [PMID: 11139495 PMCID: PMC1461486 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/157.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgs1 protein is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and is required for genome stability, but not cell viability. To identify proteins that function in the absence of Sgs1, a synthetic-lethal screen was performed. We obtained mutations in six complementation groups that we refer to as SLX genes. Most of the SLX genes encode uncharacterized open reading frames that are conserved in other species. None of these genes is required for viability and all SLX null mutations are synthetically lethal with mutations in TOP3, encoding the SGS1-interacting DNA topoisomerase. Analysis of the null mutants identified a pair of genes in each of three phenotypic classes. Mutations in MMS4 (SLX2) and SLX3 generate identical phenotypes, including weak UV and strong MMS hypersensitivity, complete loss of sporulation, and synthetic growth defects with mutations in TOP1. Mms4 and Slx3 proteins coimmunoprecipitate from cell extracts, suggesting that they function in a complex. Mutations in SLX5 and SLX8 generate hydroxyurea sensitivity, reduced sporulation efficiency, and a slow-growth phenotype characterized by heterogeneous colony morphology. The Slx5 and Slx8 proteins contain RING finger domains and coimmunoprecipitate from cell extracts. The SLX1 and SLX4 genes are required for viability in the presence of an sgs1 temperature-sensitive allele at the restrictive temperature and Slx1 and Slx4 proteins are similarly associated in cell extracts. We propose that the MMS4/SLX3, SLX5/8, and SLX1/4 gene pairs encode heterodimeric complexes and speculate that these complexes are required to resolve recombination intermediates that arise in response to DNA damage, during meiosis, and in the absence of SGS1/TOP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mullen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
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18
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Schinazi RF, Boudinot FD, Ibrahim SS, Manning C, McClure HM, Liotta DC. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of racemic 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine in rhesus monkeys. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:2432-8. [PMID: 1336946 PMCID: PMC284348 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.11.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
2',3'-Dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (FTC) is a nucleoside analog that selectively inhibits human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B viruses in vitro. In this study, the preclinical pharmacokinetics of racemic FTC in rhesus monkeys following intravenous and oral administration were characterized. The terminal half-life of FTC was independent of the route of administration and averaged 1.34 +/- 0.18 h (mean +/- standard deviation). Total clearance of FTC was moderate to high, averaging 1.49 +/- 0.24 liters/h/kg. Qualitative assessment of urine samples suggests that renal excretion of unchanged FTC was the major route of elimination of the nucleoside. The compound was also eliminated by metabolism and the deaminated biotransformation product 2,3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiauridine (FTU) was detected in serum and urine. This metabolite has no antiviral activity in human lymphocytes and liver cells. FTC and the metabolite FTU were conjugated, to a minor extent yielding the corresponding glucuronides. No 5-fluorouracil was detected in serum or urine. This is consistent with chromatographic studies using a chiral column that indicated that when racemic FTC is treated with cellular cytidine-deoxycytidine deaminase, the D-(+)-enantiomer of FTC is slowly deaminated to D-(+)-FTU, whereas the L-(-)-enantiomer is essentially resistant to this enzyme. The steady-state volume of distribution of FTC in serum averaged 2.23 +/- 0.42 liters/kg, and the nucleoside analog was distributed into the cerebrospinal fluid, which suggests that this drug penetrated the blood-brain barrier. Absorption of FTC after oral administration was rapid, with bioavailability averaging 73 +/- 6%. Taken together, the results indicate that the unusual L-(-)-enantiomer of FTC should be evaluated further in rhesus monkeys prior to determination of whether this compound is useful for treatment of human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Schinazi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
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Zimmerman CL, Remmel RP, Ibrahim SS, Beers SA, Vince R. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of (-)-6-aminocarbovir as a prodrug for (-)-carbovir in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 1992; 20:47-51. [PMID: 1346995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently synthesized carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-guanosine [(-)6AC] was evaluated as a prodrug for carbovir, carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine [(-)CBV] in seven male Sprague-Dawley rats. A randomized three-way cross-over design was used. Rats were assigned to receive the following treatments: a 20 mg/kg (-)6AC infusion, 40 mg/kg (-)6AC orally, and a 20 mg/kg (-)CBV infusion. Blood samples were collected over 480 min, and urine was collected for up to 48 hr. A 2- to 3-day washout period was observed between treatments. Following i.v. infusion, (-)6AC concentrations in the blood declined rapidly in a monoexponential pattern with an elimination half-life of 11.3 +/- 3.3 min (mean +/- SD, n = 7). The time-averaged total body clearance was 115.7 +/- 32.6 ml/min/kg. The fraction of the dose excreted unchanged in urine was 0.28 +/- 0.06. The fraction of the (-)6AC dose metabolized to (-)CBV was 0.48 +/- 0.14. Following oral administration of (-)6AC, the bioavailability of (-)CBV was 46.2 +/- 9.9% (n = 6) in comparison with the bioavailability of approximately 20% previously obtained after an oral dose of (-)CBV. The Cmax of (-)CBV after a 40 mg/kg oral dose of (-)6AC was 1.65 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml as compared with the previously reported Cmax of 1.00 microgram/ml obtained after a 60 mg/kg oral dose of (-)CBV. (-)6AC has considerable potential for the improvement of the extent of absorption of (-)CBV from oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC) was characterized after iv administration of a high dose (500 mg/kg) of DDC to rats. The high dose was administered to optimally characterize plasma DDC concentration and urinary excretion rate versus time profiles. Drug concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC. Plasma DDC concentrations and DDC urinary excretion rates as a function of time were fitted simultaneously to a two-compartment model. Drug concentrations in plasma and urinary excretion rates declined in parallel with a terminal half-life of 1.29 +/- 0.07 h (mean +/- SD). Total, renal, and nonrenal clearances were 1.48 +/- 0.15, 0.73 +/- 0.38, and 0.75 +/- 0.36 L/h/kg, respectively. Renal clearance exceeds glomerular filtration rate in the rat, indicating that DDC undergoes active renal tubular secretion. The unbound secretory intrinsic clearance for DDC renal excretion was moderate, with a value of 0.4 L/h. The steady-state volume of distribution of DDC was 1.25 +/- 0.13 L/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters after iv administration of 500 mg/kg of DDC were virtually identical to those reported previously after administration of 10-200 mg/kg of the nucleoside to rats. Thus, the disposition of DDC in the rat is independent of dose over a range of 10 to 500 mg/kg. High doses of DDC can be administered to rats to allow for complete characterization of the disposition pattern of the drug without complexities due to any nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Abstract
The effects of dose on the pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC), a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, have been studied in rats. DDC was administered intravenously at doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1. Plasma and urine drug concentrations were determined by HPLC. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by area/moment analysis. DDC plasma concentrations declined rapidly with a terminal half-life of 0.98 +/- 0.18 h (mean +/- s.d.). No statistically significant differences were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters between the four doses. Total, renal and non-renal clearance values were independent of dose and averaged 1.67 +/- 0.24, 0.78 +/- 0.11, and 0.89 +/- 0.27 L h-1 kg-1, respectively. Approximately 50% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine. Steady state volume of distribution was also independent of dose and averaged 1.2 +/- 0.21 L kg-1. Protein binding of DDC to rat serum proteins was independent of drug concentration with the fraction of drug bound averaging 0.45 +/- 0.12. Thus, the disposition pattern of DDC in the rat is independent of the administered dose even at high doses. Significant interspecies correlations were found for total, renal and non-renal clearance and steady state volume of distribution. Interspecies scaling resulted in superimposable plasma DDC concentration-time profiles from four laboratory animal species and man. Thus, plasma DDC concentrations in humans can be predicted from pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Abstract
Vaccination against poliomyelitis in Egypt is described, including a historical perspective. Mass vaccination programmes have significantly reduced the incidence of the diseases, although it is far from being eradicated. Much disability has been prevented, though more work is needed to verify seroconversion rates in children after vaccination and to clarify the effect of environmental factors on success.
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el-Sadek SE, Ibrahim SS, Abdel-Salam SA. Effect of chloropheniramine maleate on liver and kidney functions as well as blood count of guinea pigs. Arch Exp Veterinarmed 1989; 43:249-53. [PMID: 2774822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at exploring the effect of antihistamine chloropheniramine maleate (H1-blocker) on liver and kidney functions as well as on blood count. 60 mature guinea pigs were used. Histamine or chloropheniramine maleate was given, either alone or together, intramuscularly for 7 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for determination of blood counts and of the levels of urea, creatinine, GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase in the sera of different groups. The results showed significant groupwise variations in blood count, liver function as well as kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Boudinot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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