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Luo B, Song J, Zhang J, Han J, Zhou X, Chen L. The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1387576. [PMID: 38903177 PMCID: PMC11187296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1387576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls various behavioral and physiological rhythms. In mammals, the primary circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The rhythm of the circadian clock is controlled by the interaction between negative and positive feedback loops, consisting of crucial clock regulators (including Bmal1 and Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3), and two cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). The development of early mammalian embryos is an ordered and complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts and undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, and compaction. The circadian clock affects the onset and timing of embryonic development. The circadian clock affects many biological processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, and endocrinology, therefore, it is also crucial for overall health, growth and development after birth. This review summarized the effects of the circadian clock in the body's physiological activities. A new strategy is proposed for the prevention of malformations or diseases by regulating the circadian clock or changing circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyuan Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Harris AL, Dinopoulou V, Loutradis D, Drakakis P, Kiessling AA. Microarray evidence that 8-cell human embryos express some hormone family members including oxytocin. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:323-332. [PMID: 38133877 PMCID: PMC10894797 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to discover hormone pathways active in early cleaving human embryos. METHODS A list of 152 hormones and receptors were compiled to query the microarray database of mRNAs in 8-cell human embryos, two lines of human embryonic stem cells plus human fibroblasts before and after induced pluripotency. RESULTS Over half of the 152 hormones and receptors were silent on the arrays of all cell types, and more were detected at high or moderate levels on the 8-cell arrays than on the pluripotent cell or fibroblast arrays. Eight hormone family genes were uniquely detected at least 22-fold higher on the 8-cell arrays than the stem cell arrays: AVPI1, CCK, CORT, FSTL4, GIP, GPHA2, OXT, and PPY suggesting novel roles for these proteins in early development. Oxytocin was detected by pilot immunoassay in culture media collected from Day 3 embryos. Robust detection of CRHR1 and EPOR suggests the 8-cell embryo may be responsive to maternal CRH and EPO. The over-expression of POMC and GHITM suggests POMP peptide products may have undiscovered roles in early development and GHITM may contribute to mitochondrial remodeling. Under-detected on the 8-cell arrays at least tenfold were two key enzymes in steroid biosynthesis, DHCR24 and FDPS. CONCLUSIONS The 8-cell human embryo may be secreting oxytocin, which could stimulate its own progress down the fallopian tube as well as play a role in early neural precursor development. The 8-cell embryo does not synthesize reproductive steroid hormones. As previously reported for growth factor families, the early embryo over-expresses more hormones than hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lee Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Vasiliki Dinopoulou
- 1St Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Lourou 4-2, 115 28, Athina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Loutradis
- 1St Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Lourou 4-2, 115 28, Athina, Greece
| | - Peter Drakakis
- 1St Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Lourou 4-2, 115 28, Athina, Greece
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Mannan A, Dhiamn S, Garg N, Singh TG. Pharmacological modulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways in Angiogenesis: A mechanistic perspective. Dev Biol 2023; 504:58-74. [PMID: 37739118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathway is an imperative operating network that helps in regulates the critical events during the development processes like multicellular embryo growth and patterning. Disruptions in SHh pathway regulation can have severe consequences, including congenital disabilities, stem cell renewal, tissue regeneration, and cancer/tumor growth. Activation of the SHh signal occurs when SHh binds to the receptor complex of Patch (Ptc)-mediated Smoothened (Smo) (Ptc-smo), initiating downstream signaling. This review explores how pharmacological modulation of the SHh pathway affects angiogenesis through canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical pathway for angiogenesis involves the activation of angiogenic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2), which facilitate the process of angiogenesis. The Non-canonical pathway includes indirect activation of certain pathways like iNOS/Netrin-1/PKC, RhoA/Rock, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch signaling pathway, and so on. This review will provide a better grasp of the mechanistic approach of SHh in mediating angiogenesis, which can aid in the suppression of certain cancer and tumor growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sonia Dhiamn
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Berkay EG, Şoroğlu CV, Kalaycı T, Uyguner ZO, Akçapınar GB, Başaran S. A new enrichment approach for candidate gene detection in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and implantation failure. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:253-272. [PMID: 36385415 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and implantation failure (RIF) are obstacles to livebirth and multifactorial conditions in which nearly half of the cases remain unexplained, and we aimed to identify maternal candidate gene variants and pathways for RPL and RIF by analyzing whole-exome sequencing (WES) data via a new detailed bioinformatics approach. A retrospective cohort study was applied to 35 women with normal chromosomal configuration diagnosed with unexplained RPL and/or RIF. WES and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed. Published gene expression datasets (n = 46) were investigated for candidate genes. Variant effects on protein structure were analyzed for 12 proteins, and BUB1B was visualized in silico. WES and bioinformatics analyses are effective and applicable for studying URPL and RIF to detect mutations, as we suggest new candidates to explain the etiology. Forty-three variants in 39 genes were detected in 29 women, 7 of them contributing to oligogenic inheritance. These genes were related to implantation, placentation, coagulation, metabolism, immune system, embryological development, cell cycle-associated processes, and ovarian functions. WES, genomic variant analyses, expression data, and protein configuration studies offer new and promising ways to investigate the etiology of URPL and RIF. Discovering etiology-identifying genetic factors can help manage couples' needs and develop personalized therapies and new pharmaceutical products in the future. The classical approach with chromosomal analysis and targeted gene panel testing is insufficient in these cases; the exome data provide a promising way to detect and understand the possible clinical effects of the variant and its alteration on protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Gizem Berkay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul Kent University, 34433, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Can Veysel Şoroğlu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kalaycı
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Günseli Bayram Akçapınar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Başaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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Maury EA, Walsh CA. Somatic copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:9-17. [PMID: 33444936 PMCID: PMC8205940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, with rare-inherited and de novo CNVs (dnCNVs) having large effects on disease liability. Recent studies started exploring a class of dnCNVs that occur post-zygotically, and are therefore present in some but not all cells of the body. Analogous to conditional mutations in animal models, the presence of risk mutations in a fraction of cells has the potential to enlighten how damaging mutations affect cell-type/cell-circuit specific pathologies leading to neuropsychiatric manifestations. Although mosaic CNVs appear to contribute to a modest fraction of risk (0.3-0.5%), expanding our insights about them with more sensitive experimental and statistical methods, has the potential to help clarify mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Maury
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Bioinformatics & Integrative Genomics Program and Harvard/MIT MD-PHD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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ASGR1 and Its Enigmatic Relative, CLEC10A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144818. [PMID: 32650396 PMCID: PMC7404283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The large family of C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors comprises carbohydrate-binding proteins that require Ca2+ to bind a ligand. The prototypic receptor is the asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGR1, CLEC4H1) that is expressed primarily by hepatocytes. The early work on ASGR1, which is highly specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), established the foundation for understanding the overall function of CLEC receptors. Cells of the immune system generally express more than one CLEC receptor that serve diverse functions such as pathogen-recognition, initiation of cellular signaling, cellular adhesion, glycoprotein turnover, inflammation and immune responses. The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc. CLEC10A is most highly expressed on immature DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and alternatively activated macrophages (subtype M2a) as well as oocytes and progenitor cells at several stages of embryonic development. This receptor is involved in initiation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 immune responses and induction of tolerance in naïve T cells. Ligand-mediated endocytosis of CLEC receptors initiates a Ca2+ signal that interestingly has different outcomes depending on ligand properties, concentration, and frequency of administration. This review summarizes studies that have been carried out on these receptors.
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Wang F, Wang AY, Chesnelong C, Yang Y, Nabbi A, Thalappilly S, Alekseev V, Riabowol K. ING5 activity in self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells via calcium and follicle stimulating hormone pathways. Oncogene 2017; 37:286-301. [PMID: 28925404 PMCID: PMC5799773 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-like brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) cause recurrence of glioblastomas, with BTIC 'stemness' affected by epigenetic mechanisms. The ING family of epigenetic regulators (ING1-5) function by targeting histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase complexes to the H3K4me3 mark to alter histone acetylation and subsequently, gene expression. Here we find that ectopic expression of ING5, the targeting subunit of HBO1, MOZ and MORF HAT complexes increases expression of the Oct4, Olig2 and Nestin stem cell markers, promotes self-renewal, prevents lineage differentiation and increases stem cell pools in BTIC populations. This activity requires the plant homeodomain region of ING5 that interacts specifically with the H3K4me3 mark. ING5 also enhances PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK activity to sustain self-renewal of BTICs over serial passage of stem cell-like spheres. ING5 exerts these effects by activating transcription of calcium channel and follicle stimulating hormone pathway genes. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggest that ING5 is a positive regulator of BTIC stemness, whose expression negatively correlates with patient prognosis, especially in the Proneural and Classical subtypes, and in tumors with low SOX2 expression. These data suggest that altering histone acetylation status and signaling pathways induced by ING5 may provide useful clinical strategies to target tumor resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Y Wang
- Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Chesnelong
- Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - A Nabbi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Thalappilly
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Alekseev
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Cote R, Lynn Eggink L, Kenneth Hoober J. CLEC receptors, endocytosis and calcium signaling. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Early human embryos are naturally aneuploid-can that be corrected? J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:15-21. [PMID: 27900612 PMCID: PMC5330987 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is common and may be a natural occurrence in early human embryos. Selecting against embryos containing aneuploid cells for embryo transfer has been reported to increase clinical pregnancies per transfer in some studies, but not others. Some aneuploidy is due to misallocation of chromosomes during meiosis, in either the egg or sperm, but most aneuploidy is due to misallocation of chromosomes during mitoses after fertilization. Big questions are as follows: Why does this happen? How much aneuploidy in a preimplantation embryo is compatible with normal fetal development? Is aneuploidy increased by in vitro culture, and/or could it be prevented or corrected in the IVF lab?
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