1
|
Chen MY, Zhang F, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393451. [PMID: 38903502 PMCID: PMC11188312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the orchestration of effective T cell responses against tumors. However, their functional behavior is context-dependent. DC type, transcriptional program, location, intratumoral factors, and inflammatory milieu all impact DCs with regard to promoting or inhibiting tumor immunity. The following review introduces important facets of DC function, and how subset and phenotype can affect the interplay of DCs with other factors in the tumor microenvironment. It will also discuss how current cancer treatment relies on DC function, and survey the myriad ways with which immune therapy can more directly harness DCs to enact antitumor cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Simon Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malik AE, Slauenwhite D, McAlpine SM, Hanly JG, Marshall JS, Issekutz TB. Differences in IDO1 + dendritic cells and soluble CTLA-4 are associated with differential clinical responses to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352251. [PMID: 38840915 PMCID: PMC11150726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, however, their tolerogenic potential remains unclear. Herein, the tolerogenic profiles of DCs are characterized in treatment-naïve RA patients to determine their role to inflammatory arthritis management. Methods Thirty-six treatment-naïve RA patients were enrolled, of which 62% were non-responders to methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy based on disease activity score (DAS) after 6-months of therapy. DC and monocyte subset frequencies, activation (CD40, CD86, CD209 expression), and tolerogenic profile (intracellular indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase [IDO1] and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4] expression) were examined in the baseline peripheral blood by multicolor flow-cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) levels in plasma were measured. Results DC subsets were decreased in RA compared to healthy controls (HC), and the frequency of conventional DCs (cDC) inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and improvement in disease activity. CD141+ cDC1s were the major IDO1-expressing cells. IDO1+cDC1s were reduced in RA patients compared to HC. The baseline frequency of IDO1+cDC1s inversely correlated with improvement in disease activity. CTLA-4 expression in CD1c+ cDC2s and monocytes was lower in RA patients compared to HC. Moreover, MTX-responders had a significantly lower frequency of IDO1+cDC1 cells and higher level of sCTLA-4 in the plasma compared to MTX non-responders. There was a strong predictive association of low IDO1+cDC1 cells, low sCTLA-4 and non-response to MTX. Conclusions Our findings reveal altered DC and monocytes immunophenotypes that are associated with RA pathology and treatment response. The frequencies of tolerogenic IDO1+cDC1s and the low level of sCTLA-4 are strongly associated with MTX non-responsiveness and therapeutic outcome. These results suggest that investigation of the association IDO1+cDC1 and sCTLA-4 with response to treatment may be more generalizable to other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó E. Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Drew Slauenwhite
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah M. McAlpine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G. Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas B. Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu J, Cheng Z, Jiang Z, Gan L, Zhang Z, Xie Z. Immunomodulatory Precision: A Narrative Review Exploring the Critical Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5490. [PMID: 38791528 PMCID: PMC11122264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An immune checkpoint is a signaling pathway that regulates the recognition of antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) during an immune response. These checkpoints play a pivotal role in suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis against viral or microbial infections. There are several FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab. These ICIs target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, ongoing efforts are focused on developing new ICIs with emerging potential. In comparison to conventional treatments, ICIs offer the advantages of reduced side effects and durable responses. There is growing interest in the potential of combining different ICIs with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the classification, mechanism of action, application, and combination strategies of ICIs in various cancers and discusses their current limitations. Our objective is to contribute to the future development of more effective anticancer drugs targeting immune checkpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qiu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zilin Cheng
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Luhan Gan
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Huan Kui School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee S, Blanco T, Musayeva A, Dehghani S, Narimatsu A, Forouzanfar K, Ortiz G, Kahale F, Wang S, Chen Y, Dohlman TH, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote allograft survival by suppressing regulatory T cell dysfunction in high-risk corneal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00218-1. [PMID: 38514014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Highly inflamed and neovascularized corneal graft beds are known as high-risk (HR) environments for transplant survival. One of the primary factors leading to this rejection is reduction in the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Our results show that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) counteract interleukin-6-mediated Treg dysfunction by expressing interleukin-10. Additionally, MDSC maintain forkhead box P3 stability and their ability to suppress IFN-γ+ Th1 cells. Administering MDSC to HR corneal transplant recipients demonstrates prolonged graft survival via promotion of Treg while concurrently suppressing IFN-γ+ Th1 cells. Moreover, MDSC-mediated donor-specific immune tolerance leads to long-term corneal graft survival as evidenced by the higher survival rate or delayed survival of a second-party C57BL/7 (B6) graft compared to those of third-party C3H grafts observed in contralateral low-risk or HR corneal transplantation of BALB/c recipient mice, respectively. Our study provides compelling preliminary evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of MDSC in preventing Treg dysfunction, significantly improving graft survival in HR corneal transplantation, and showing promising potential for immune tolerance induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokjoo Lee
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytan Musayeva
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shima Dehghani
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katayoon Forouzanfar
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Kahale
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shudan Wang
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wong C, Stoilova I, Gazeau F, Herbeuval JP, Fourniols T. Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles as a therapeutic tool: immune regulation, MSC priming, and applications to SLE. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355845. [PMID: 38390327 PMCID: PMC10881725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized particles carrying a diverse range of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, miRNAs, and lipids. Despite the methodological disparities, recent works on MSC-EVs have highlighted their broad immunosuppressive effect, thus driving forwards the potential of MSC-EVs in the treatment of chronic diseases. Nonetheless, their mechanism of action is still unclear, and better understanding is needed for clinical application. Therefore, we describe in this review the diverse range of bioactive molecules mediating their immunomodulatory effect, the techniques and possibilities for enhancing their immune activity, and finally the potential application to SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wong
- EVerZom, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8601, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Chemistry and Biology, Modeling and Immunology for Therapy (CBMIT), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ivana Stoilova
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8601, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Chemistry and Biology, Modeling and Immunology for Therapy (CBMIT), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) UMR CNRS 7057, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8601, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Chemistry and Biology, Modeling and Immunology for Therapy (CBMIT), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kennedy PT, Saulters EL, Duckworth AD, Lim YJ, Woolley JF, Slupsky JR, Cragg MS, Ward FJ, Dahal LN. Soluble CTLA-4 attenuates T cell activation and modulates anti-tumor immunity. Mol Ther 2024; 32:457-468. [PMID: 38053333 PMCID: PMC10861965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 is a crucial immune checkpoint receptor involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, tolerance, and tumor control. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been promising treatments for numerous cancers, but the mechanistic basis of their anti-tumoral immune-boosting effects is poorly understood. Although the ctla4 gene also encodes an alternatively spliced soluble variant (sCTLA-4), preclinical/clinical evaluation of anti-CTLA-4-based immunotherapies have not considered the contribution of this isoform. Here, we explore the functional properties of sCTLA-4 and evaluate the efficacy of isoform-specific anti-sCTLA-4 antibody targeting in a murine cancer model. We show that expression of sCTLA-4 by tumor cells suppresses CD8+ T cells in vitro and accelerates growth and experimental metastasis of murine tumors in vivo. These effects were accompanied by modification of the immune infiltrate, notably restraining CD8+ T cells in a non-cytotoxic state. sCTLA-4 blockade with isoform-specific antibody reversed this restraint, enhancing intratumoral CD8+ T cell activation and cytolytic potential, correlating with therapeutic efficacy and tumor control. This previously unappreciated role of sCTLA-4 suggests that the biology and function of multi-gene products of immune checkpoint receptors need to be fully elucidated for improved mechanistic understanding of cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma L Saulters
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew D Duckworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Yeong Jer Lim
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - John F Woolley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Frank J Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobhani N, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Chai D, Generali D, Li JR, Vazquez-Perez J, Lim JM, Morris R, Bullock ZN, Davtyan A, Cheng C, Decker WK, Li Y. Artificial intelligence-powered discovery of small molecules inhibiting CTLA-4 in cancer. BJC REPORTS 2024; 2:4. [PMID: 38312352 PMCID: PMC10838660 DOI: 10.1038/s44276-023-00035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Checkpoint inhibitors, which generate durable responses in many cancer patients, have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited, and immune-related adverse events are severe, especially for monoclonal antibody treatment directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which plays a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity and fostering anticancer immunity by interacting with the B7 proteins CD80 and CD86. Small molecules impairing the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction have been developed; however, they directly target CD80, not CTLA-4. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this study, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual screening of approximately ten million compounds to identify those targeting CTLA-4. We validated the hits molecules with biochemical, biophysical, immunological, and experimental animal assays. RESULTS The primary hits obtained from the virtual screening were successfully validated in vitro and in vivo. We then optimized lead compounds and obtained inhibitors (inhibitory concentration, 1 micromole) that disrupted the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction without degrading CTLA-4. CONCLUSIONS Several compounds inhibited tumor development prophylactically and therapeutically in syngeneic and CTLA-4-humanized mice. Our findings support using AI-based frameworks to design small molecules targeting immune checkpoints for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Ming Lim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Morris
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Zaniqua N. Bullock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aram Davtyan
- Atomwise Inc., 717 Market St, Suite 800, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William K. Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang S, Zou R, Dai Y, Hu Y, Li F, Hu H. Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:137. [PMID: 37888583 PMCID: PMC10631767 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy originating from the epithelial system of the bile ducts, and its incidence in recent years is steadily increasing. The immune microenvironment of CCA is characterized by diversity and complexity, with a substantial presence of cancer‑associated fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration, which plays a key role in regulating the distinctive biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma, including tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Despite the notable success of immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors in recent years, patients with CCA have responded poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The interaction of tumor cells with cellular components of the immune microenvironment can regulate the activity and function of immune cells and form an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may cause ineffective immunotherapy. Therefore, the components of the tumor immune microenvironment appear to be novel targets for immune therapies. Combination therapy focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising and valuable first‑line or translational treatment approach for intractable biliary tract malignancies. The present review discusses the compositional characteristics and regulatory factors of the CCA immune microenvironment and the possible immune escape mechanisms. In addition, a summary of the advances in immunotherapy for CCA is also provided. It is hoped that the present review may function as a valuable reference for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yushi Dai
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fathi M, Razavi SM, Sojoodi M, Ahmadi A, Ebrahimi F, Namdar A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Gholamin S, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Targeting the CTLA-4/B7 axes in glioblastoma: preclinical evidence and clinical interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:949-961. [PMID: 36527817 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2160703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one of the fatal cancers of the Central Nervous System (CNS). A variety of reasons exist for why previous immunotherapy strategies, especially Immune Checkpoint Blockers (ICBs), did not work in treating GBM patients. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a key immune checkpoint receptor. Its overexpression in cancer and immune cells causes tumor cell progression. CTLA-4 suppresses anti-tumor responses inside the GBM tumor-immune microenvironment. AREAS COVERED It has been attempted to explain the immunobiology of CTLA-4 as well as its interaction with different immune cells and cancer cells that lead to GBM progression. Additionally, CTLA-4 targeting studies have been reviewed and CTLA-4 combination therapy, as a promising therapeutic target and strategy for GBM immunotherapy, is recommended. EXPERT OPINION CTLA-4 could be a possible supplement for future cancer immunotherapies of GBM. However, many challenges remain such as the high toxicity of CTLA-4 blockers, and the unresponsiveness of most patients to immunotherapy. For the future clinical success of CTLA-4 blocker therapy, combination approaches with other targeted treatments would be a potentially effective strategy. Going forward, predictive biomarkers can be used to reduce trial timelines and increase the chance of success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Fathi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Farbod Ebrahimi
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim J, Thomas SN. Opportunities for Nitric Oxide in Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1146-1175. [PMID: 36180108 PMCID: PMC9553106 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite nearly 30 years of development and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and NO delivery systems in anticancer therapy, the limited understanding of exogenous NO's effects on the immune system has prevented their advancement into clinical use. In particular, the effects of exogenously delivered NO differing from that of endogenous NO has obscured how the potential and functions of NO in anticancer therapy may be estimated and exploited despite the accumulating evidence of NO's cancer therapy-potentiating effects on the immune system. After introducing their fundamentals and characteristics, this review discusses the current mechanistic understanding of NO donors and delivery systems in modulating the immunogenicity of cancer cells as well as the differentiation and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Lastly, the potential for the complex modulatory effects of NO with the immune system to be leveraged for therapeutic applications is discussed in the context of recent advancements in the implementation of NO delivery systems for anticancer immunotherapy applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite a 30-year history and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and delivery systems as anticancer therapeutics, their clinical translation has been limited. Increasing evidence of the complex interactions between NO and the immune system has revealed both the potential and hurdles in their clinical translation. This review summarizes the effects of exogenous NO on cancer and immune cells in vitro and elaborates these effects in the context of recent reports exploiting NO delivery systems in vivo in cancer therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathania AS, Prathipati P, Murakonda SP, Murakonda AB, Srivastava A, Avadhesh A, Byrareddy SN, Coulter DW, Gupta SC, Challagundla KB. Immune checkpoint molecules in neuroblastoma: A clinical perspective. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:247-258. [PMID: 35787940 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is challenging to treat with 5-year long-term survival in patients remaining below 50% and low chances of survival after tumor relapse or recurrence. Different strategies are being tested or under evaluation to destroy resistant tumors and improve survival outcomes in NB patients. Immunotherapy, which uses certain parts of a person's immune system to recognize or kill tumor cells, effectively improves patient outcomes in several types of cancer, including NB. One of the immunotherapy strategies is to block immune checkpoint signaling in tumors to increase tumor immunogenicity and anti-tumor immunity. Immune checkpoint proteins put brakes on immune cell functions to regulate immune activation, but this activity is exploited in tumors to evade immune surveillance and attack. Immune checkpoint proteins play an essential role in NB biology and immune escape mechanisms, which makes these tumors immunologically cold. Therapeutic strategies to block immune checkpoint signaling have shown promising outcomes in NB but only in a subset of patients. However, combining immune checkpoint blockade with other therapies, including conjugated antibody-based immunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, tumor vaccines, or cellular therapies like modified T or natural killer (NK) cells, has shown encouraging results in enhancing anti-tumor immunity in the preclinical setting. An analysis of publicly available dataset using computational tools has unraveled the complexity of multiple cancer including NB. This review comprehensively summarizes the current information on immune checkpoint molecules, their biology, role in immune suppression and tumor development, and novel therapeutic approaches combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other therapies to combat high-risk NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Philip Prathipati
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Swati P Murakonda
- Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560032, India
| | - Ajay B Murakonda
- Sree Sai Dental College & Research Institute, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh 532001, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Avadhesh Avadhesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Kishore B Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; The Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Differential regulation of CTLA4 expression through BTK-dependent and independent mechanisms in CLL. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5440-5448. [PMID: 35759759 PMCID: PMC9631695 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib suppresses CLL cell CTLA4 expression in vitro and in vivo. CTLA4 expression on CLL is regulated by non-BTKs that differ from T-cell CTLA4 regulation.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a major immune checkpoint and target for cancer immunotherapy. Although originally discovered and primarily studied on T cells, its role on other cell types has also been recognized in recent years. Here we describe an unexpected interaction between ibrutinib (a targeted inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK]) and CTLA4 expression on malignant chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Although BTK itself does play a role in CTLA4 expression in CLL, we demonstrate that ibrutinib’s main suppressive effect on CTLA4 protein expression and trafficking occurs through non-BTK targets influenced by this drug. This suppression is not seen in T cells, indicating a different mechanism of CTLA4 regulation in CLL vs T cells. Appreciating this distinct mechanism and the beneficial non-BTK effects of ibrutinib may contribute to understanding the immune benefits of ibrutinib treatment and lead to therapeutic approaches to improve immune function in patients with CLL by suppressing CTLA4 expression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim J, Francis DM, Sestito LF, Archer PA, Manspeaker MP, O'Melia MJ, Thomas SN. Thermosensitive hydrogel releasing nitric oxide donor and anti-CTLA-4 micelles for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1479. [PMID: 35304456 PMCID: PMC8933465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their autosynchronous roles in shaping the anti-tumor immune response, complex immune regulatory networks acting both locally within the tumor microenvironment as well as in its draining lymph nodes play critical roles in the cancer immunotherapy response. We describe herein a thermosensitive co-polymer hydrogel system formed from biocompatible polymers gelatin and Pluronic® F127 that are widely used in humans to enable the sustained release of a nitric oxide donor and antibody blocking immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 for efficient and durable anti-tumor immunotherapy. By virtue of its unique gel formation and degradation properties that sustain drug retention at the tumor tissue site for triggered release by the tumor microenvironment and formation of in situ micelles optimum in size for lymphatic uptake, this rationally designed thermosensitive hydrogel facilitates modulation of two orthogonal immune signaling networks relevant to the regulation of the anti-tumor immune response to improve local and abscopal effects of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David M Francis
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Paul A Archer
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Margaret P Manspeaker
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Meghan J O'Melia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that when ischemic stroke (IS) occurs, the BBB would be destructed, thereby promoting the immune cells to migrate into the brain, suggesting that the immune responses can play a vital role in the pathology of IS. As an essential subpopulation of immunosuppressive T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing immune responses in the pathophysiological conditions of IS. During the past decades, the regulatory role of Treg cells has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. However, whether they are beneficial or detrimental to the outcomes of IS remains controversial. Moreover, Treg cells exert distinctive effects in the different stages of IS. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate how Treg cells modulate the immune responses induced by IS. In this review, we describe how Treg cells fluctuate and play a role in the regulation of immune responses after IS in both experimental animals and humans, and summarize their biological functions and mechanisms in both CNS and periphery. We also discuss how Treg cells participate in poststroke inflammation and immunodepression and the potential of Treg cells as a novel therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
16
|
Alemohammad H, Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Ghorbaninezhad F, Najafzadeh A, Safarpour H, Bernardini R, Brunetti O, Sonnessa M, Fasano R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The importance of immune checkpoints in immune monitoring: A future paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112516. [PMID: 34906767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the immune system. A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy depends on various mechanisms to detect immunosuppressive factors that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoints are expressed on many immune cells such as T-cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NKs), regulatory T (Tregs), M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immune inhibitory molecules, including CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and LAG-3, normally inhibit immune responses via negatively regulating immune cell signaling pathways to prevent immune injury. However, the up-regulation of inhibitory immune checkpoints during tumor progression on immune cells suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and promotes immune escape in cancer. It has recently been indicated that cancer cells can up-regulate various pathways of the immune checkpoints. Therefore, targeting immune inhibitory molecules through antibodies or miRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy and shows favorable results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are introduced as a new immunotherapy strategy that enhance immune cell-induced antitumor responses in many patients. In this review, we highlighted the function of each immune checkpoint on different immune cells and therapeutic strategies aimed at using monoclonal antibodies and miRNAs against inhibitory receptors. We also discussed current challenges and future strategies for maximizing these FDA-approved immunosuppressants' effectiveness and clinical success in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Najafzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Imazeki H, Ogiwara Y, Kawamura M, Boku N, Kudo-Saito C. CD11b +CTLA4 + myeloid cells are a key driver of tumor evasion in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002841. [PMID: 34261702 PMCID: PMC8280900 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death of colorectal cancer (CRC), and metastatic CRC remains incurable in many cases despite great advances in genetic and molecular profiling, and clinical development of numerous drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed for the patients in clinical settings. Methods We used mouse CRC metastasis models that murine Colon26 cells were subcutaneously and intravenously implanted and attempted to elucidate the tumor biological and immunological mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis. Then, we evaluated in vivo antitumor efficacy induced by agents targeting the identified molecular mechanisms using the mouse models. We validated the clinical relevancy of the findings using peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from stage IV metastatic CRC patients. Results CD11b+CTLA4+ myeloid cells were systemically expanded in the metastatic settings and facilitated tumor progression and metastasis directly via generating lipid droplets in tumor cells and indirectly via inducing immune exhaustion. These events were mediated by IL1B produced via the CTLA4 signaling from the increased myeloid cells. Blocking CTLA4 and IL1B with the specific mAbs significantly suppressed tumor progression and metastasis in the mouse models resistant to anti-PD1 therapy, and the therapeutic efficacy was optimized by blocking cyclooxygenases with aspirin. Conclusions The CD11b+CTLA4+ cells are a key driver of tumor evasion, and targeting the CTLA4-IL1B axis could be a promising strategy for treating metastatic CRC. The triple combination regimen with anti-CTLA4/IL1B mAbs and aspirin may be useful in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imazeki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yamato Ogiwara
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kawamura
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tiemann M, Atiakshin D, Samoilova V, Buchwalow I. Identification of CTLA-4-Positive Cells in the Human Tonsil. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051027. [PMID: 33925389 PMCID: PMC8145386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) was originally defined as a T-lymphocyte antigen and was used as a target in cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the existence of CTLA-4 in cells other than T-lymphocytes is often overlooked. The goal of the present study was to analyze the distribution pattern of CTLA-4 in the human tonsils using a panel of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies of different clones. We found that CTLA-4 was expressed in T-lymphocyte cells of various geneses, including hematopoietic cells and their derivatives (monocytes, macrophages, dendritic, plasma cells, mast cells, and neutrophils), as well as stromal cells of mesodermal (mesenchymal) origin and reticular epithelial cells of ectodermal origin. The expression of CTLA-4 in cells of different origins supports the proposition that CTLA-4 is not restricted to the lymphoid cell lineage and can provide broader effects of CTLA-4 on immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tiemann
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany; (M.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vera Samoilova
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany; (M.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany; (M.T.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(040)-7070-85317; Fax: +49-(040)-7070-85110
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mázló A, Kovács R, Miltner N, Tóth M, Veréb Z, Szabó K, Bacskai I, Pázmándi K, Apáti Á, Bíró T, Bene K, Rajnavölgyi É, Bácsi A. MSC-like cells increase ability of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to polarize IL-17-/IL-10-producing T cells via CTLA-4. iScience 2021; 24:102312. [PMID: 33855282 PMCID: PMC8027231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell-like (MSCl) cells generated from human embryonic stem cells are considered to be an eligible cell line to model the immunomodulatory behavior of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the maintenance and restoration of the sensitive balance between tolerance and immunity. Here, the effects of MSCl cells on the in vitro differentiation of human monocytes into DCs were investigated. MSCl cells promote the differentiation of CTLA-4 expressing DCs via the production of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) functioning as a ligand of RARα, a key nuclear receptor in DC development. These semi-matured DCs exhibit an ability to activate allogeneic, naive T cells and polarize them into IL-10 + IL-17 + double-positive T helper cells in a CTLA-4-dependent manner. Mapping the molecular mechanisms of MSC-mediated indirect modulation of DC differentiation may help to expand MSCs' clinical application in cell-free therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells alter moDC differentiation via RARα activation Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells express genes known to play role in ATRA synthesis MoDCs, differentiated in the presence of MSCl-derived factors, express CTLA-4 CTLA-4+ moDCs are able to induce polarization of IL-10- and IL-17-producing helper T cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Noémi Miltner
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary.,Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabó
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bacskai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cancer Cells Resistance Shaping by Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020165. [PMID: 33418996 PMCID: PMC7825276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor is a complex system that is composed of tumor cells, themselves surrounded by many other different cell types. Among these cells, myeloid cells have to eliminate cancer cells to reduce tumor size, but they are also able, depending on the tumor stage, to favor tumor development. Therefore, different cellular interactions and soluble factors that are produced by all these cells can participate to maintain tumor cell survival and favor their proliferation, migration, and resistance to cytotoxic immune cells and therapies. This revue aims to detail the physiological function of myeloid cells, their pathological function, and how they shape tumor cells to be resistant to apoptotic, to immune effector cells, and to therapies. Abstract Interactions between malignant cells and neighboring stromal and immune cells profoundly shape cancer progression. New forms of therapies targeting these cells have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, in order to specifically address each population, it was essential to identify and understand their individual roles in interaction between malignant cells, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we focus on the myeloid cell compartment, a prominent, and heterogeneous group populating TME, which can initially exert an anti-tumoral effect, but with time actively participate in disease progression. Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils act alone or in concert to shape tumor cells resistance through cellular interaction and/or release of soluble factors favoring survival, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells, but also immune-escape and therapy resistance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Oyewole-Said D, Konduri V, Vazquez-Perez J, Weldon SA, Levitt JM, Decker WK. Beyond T-Cells: Functional Characterization of CTLA-4 Expression in Immune and Non-Immune Cell Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608024. [PMID: 33384695 PMCID: PMC7770141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response consists of a finely-tuned program, the activation of which must be coupled with inhibitory mechanisms whenever initiated. This ensures tight control of beneficial anti-pathogen and anti-tumor responses while preserving tissue integrity, promoting tissue repair, and safeguarding against autoimmunity. A cogent example of this binary response is in the mobilization of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signaling in regulating the strength and type of a T-cell response. Of particular importance is the costimulatory molecule CD28 which is countered by CTLA-4. While the role of CD28 in the immune response has been thoroughly elucidated, many aspects of CTLA-4 biology remain controversial. The expression of CD28 is largely constrained to constitutive expression in T-cells and as such, teasing out its function has been somewhat simplified by a limited and specific expression profile. The expression of CTLA-4, on the other hand, while reported predominantly in T-cells, has also been described on a diverse repertoire of cells within both lymphoid and myeloid lineages as well as on the surface of tumors. Nonetheless, the function of CTLA-4 has been mostly described within the context of T-cell biology. The focus on T-cell biology may be a direct result of the high degree of amino acid sequence homology and the co-expression pattern of CD28 and CTLA-4, which initially led to the discovery of CTLA-4 as a counter receptor to CD28 (for which a T-cell-activating role had already been described). Furthermore, observations of the outsized role of CTLA-4 in Treg-mediated immune suppression and the striking phenotype of T-cell hyperproliferation and resultant disease in CTLA-4−/− mice contribute to an appropriate T-cell-centric focus in the study of CTLA-4. Complete elucidation of CTLA-4 biology, however, may require a more nuanced understanding of its role in a context other than that of T-cells. This makes particular sense in light of the remarkable, yet limited utility of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the treatment of cancers and of CTLA-4-Ig in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. By fully deducing the biology of CTLA-4-regulated immune homeostasis, bottlenecks that hinder the widespread applicability of CTLA-4-based immunotherapies can be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Halpert MM, Konduri V, Liang D, Vazquez-Perez J, Hofferek CJ, Weldon SA, Baig Y, Vedula I, Levitt JM, Decker WK. MHC class I and II peptide homology regulates the cellular immune response. FASEB J 2020; 34:8082-8101. [PMID: 32298026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian immune responses are initiated by "danger" signals--immutable molecular structures known as PAMPs. When detected by fixed, germline encoded receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) subsequently inform the polarization of downstream adaptive responses depending upon identity and localization of the PAMP. Here, we report the existence of a completely novel "PAMP" that is not a molecular structure but an antigenic pattern. This pattern--the incidence of peptide epitopes with stretches of 100% sequence identity bound to both dendritic cell (DC) major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and MHC class II--strongly induces TH 1 immune polarization and activation of the cellular immune response. Inherent in the existence of this PAMP is the concomitant existence of a molecular sensor complex with the ability to scan and compare amino acid sequence identities of bound class I and II peptides. We provide substantial evidence implicating the multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (mARS) complex and its AIMp1 structural component as the key constituents of this complex. The results demonstrate a wholly novel mechanism by which T-helper (TH ) polarization is governed and provide critical information for the design of vaccination strategies intended to provoke cell-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Colby J Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyu Baig
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Indira Vedula
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Van Coillie S, Wiernicki B, Xu J. Molecular and Cellular Functions of CTLA-4. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:7-32. [PMID: 32185705 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin subfamily, expressed primarily by T-cells. Its ligands, CD80 and CD86, are typically found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and can either bind CD28 or CTLA-4, resulting in a costimulatory or a co-inhibitory response, respectively. Because of its dampening effect, CTLA-4 is a crucial regulator of T-cell homeostasis and self-tolerance. The mechanisms by which CTLA-4 exerts its inhibitory function can be categorized as either cell-intrinsic (affects the CTLA-4 expressing T-cell) or cell-extrinsic (affects secondary cells). Research from the last decade has shown that CTLA-4 mainly acts in a cell-extrinsic manner via its competition with CD28, CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86, and its direct tolerogenic effects on the interacting cell. Nonetheless, intrinsic CTLA-4 signaling has been implicated in T-cell motility and the regulation of CTLA-4 its subcellular localization amongst others. CTLA-4 is well recognized as a key immune checkpoint and has gained significant momentum as a therapeutic target in the field of autoimmunity and cancer. In this chapter, we describe the role of costimulation in immune response induction as well as the main mechanisms by which CTLA-4 can inhibit this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samya Van Coillie
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bartosz Wiernicki
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hargadon KM. Tumor microenvironmental influences on dendritic cell and T cell function: A focus on clinically relevant immunologic and metabolic checkpoints. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:374-411. [PMID: 32508018 PMCID: PMC7240858 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is fast becoming one of the most promising means of treating malignant disease. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade have all shown varying levels of success in the clinical management of several cancer types in recent years. However, despite the clinical benefits often achieved by these regimens, an ongoing problem for many patients is the inherent or acquired resistance of their cancer to immunotherapy. It is now appreciated that dendritic cells and T lymphocytes both play key roles in antitumor immune responses and that the tumor microenvironment presents a number of barriers to the function of these cells that can ultimately limit the success of immunotherapy. In particular, the engagement of several immunologic and metabolic checkpoints within the hostile tumor microenvironment can severely compromise the antitumor functions of these important immune populations. This review highlights work from both preclinical and clinical studies that has shaped our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on dendritic cell and T cell function. It focuses on clinically relevant targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies that have emerged from these studies in an effort to prevent or overcome immune subversion within the tumor microenvironment. Emphasis is also placed on the potential of next-generation combinatorial regimens that target metabolic and immunologic impediments to dendritic cell and T lymphocyte function as strategies to improve antitumor immune reactivity and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyHampden‐Sydney CollegeHampden‐SydneyVirginiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tucci M, Passarelli A, Mannavola F, Felici C, Stucci LS, Cives M, Silvestris F. Immune System Evasion as Hallmark of Melanoma Progression: The Role of Dendritic Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1148. [PMID: 31750245 PMCID: PMC6848379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor whose relationship with immune cells resident in the microenvironment significantly influences cancer cell proliferation, progression, and metastasis. During melanomagenesis, both immune and melanoma cells undergo the immunoediting process that includes interconnected phases as elimination, equilibrium, and escape or immune evasion. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) are active players that indirectly counteract the proliferation of melanoma cells. Moreover, DC maturation, migration, and cross-priming as well as their functional interplay with cytotoxic T-cells through ligands of immune checkpoint receptors result impaired. A number of signals propagated by highly proliferating melanoma cells and accessory cells as T-cells, natural killer cells (NKs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T-regulatory cells (T-regs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and endothelial cells participate to create an immunosuppressive milieu that results engulfed of tolerogenic factors and interleukins (IL) as IL-6 and IL-10. To underline the role of the immune infiltrate in blocking the melanoma progression, it has been described that the composition, density, and distribution of cytotoxic T-cells in the surrounding stroma is predictive of responsiveness to immunotherapy. Here, we review the major mechanisms implicated in melanoma progression, focusing on the role of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anderson R, Theron AJ, Rapoport BL. Immunopathogenesis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events: Roles of the Intestinal Microbiome and Th17 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2254. [PMID: 31616428 PMCID: PMC6775220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of novel, innovative, and effective anti-cancer immunotherapies has engendered an era of renewed optimism among cancer specialists and their patients. Foremost among these successful immunotherapies are monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which target immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules, most prominently cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its major ligand, PD-L1. These immunotherapeutic agents are, however, often associated with the occurrence of immune-mediated toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). The incidence of severe toxicities increases substantially when these agents are used together, particularly with CTLA-4 in combination with PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonists. Accordingly, dissociating the beneficial anti-tumor therapeutic activity of these agents from the emergence of IRAEs represents a significant challenge to attaining the optimum efficacy of ICI-targeted immunotherapy of cancer. This situation is compounded by an increasing awareness, possibly unsurprising, that both the beneficial and harmful effects of ICI-targeted therapies appear to result from an over-reactive immune system. Nevertheless, this challenge may not be insurmountable. This contention is based on acquisition of recent insights into the role of the gut microbiome and its products as determinants of the efficacy of ICI-targeted immunotherapy, as well as an increasing realization of the enigmatic involvement of Th17 cells in both anti-tumor activity and the pathogenesis of some types of IRAEs. Evidence linking the beneficial and harmful activities of ICI-targeted immunotherapy, recent mechanistic insights focusing on the gut microbiome and Th17 cells, as well as strategies to attenuate IRAEs in the setting of retention of therapeutic activity, therefore represent the major thrusts of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annette J Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bourque J, Hawiger D. Immunomodulatory Bonds of the Partnership between Dendritic Cells and T Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:379-401. [PMID: 30792568 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
By acquiring, processing, and presenting both foreign and self-antigens, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate T cell activation that is shaped through the immunomodulatory functions of a variety of cell-membrane-bound molecules including BTLA-HVEM, CD40-CD40L, CTLA-4-CD80/CD86, CD70-CD27, ICOS-ICOS-L, OX40-OX40L, and PD-L1-PD-1, as well as several key cytokines and enzymes such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Some of these distinct immunomodulatory signals are mediated by specific subsets of DCs, therefore contributing to the functional specialization of DCs in the priming and regulation of immune responses. In addition to responding to the DC-mediated signals, T cells can reciprocally modulate the immunomodulatory capacities of DCs, further refining immune responses. Here, we review recent studies, particularly in experimental mouse systems, that have delineated the integrated mechanisms of crucial immunomodulatory pathways that enable specific populations of DCs and T cells to work intimately together as single functional units that are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fucikova J, Rakova J, Hensler M, Kasikova L, Belicova L, Hladikova K, Truxova I, Skapa P, Laco J, Pecen L, Praznovec I, Halaska MJ, Brtnicky T, Kodet R, Fialova A, Pineau J, Gey A, Tartour E, Ryska A, Galluzzi L, Spisek R. TIM-3 Dictates Functional Orientation of the Immune Infiltrate in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4820-4831. [PMID: 31076549 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In multiple oncological settings, expression of the coinhibitory ligand PD-L1 by malignant cells and tumor infiltration by immune cells expressing coinhibitory receptors such as PD-1, CTLA4, LAG-3, or TIM-3 conveys prognostic or predictive information. Conversely, the impact of these features of the tumor microenvironment on disease outcome among high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients remains controversial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We harnessed a retrospective cohort of 80 chemotherapy-naïve HGSC patients to investigate PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells as well as by PD-1+, CTLA4+, LAG-3+, and TIM-3+ cells in relation with prognosis and function orientation of the tumor microenvironment. IHC data were complemented with transcriptomic and functional studies on a second prospective cohort of freshly resected HGSC samples. In silico analysis of publicly available RNA expression data from 308 HGSC samples was used as a confirmatory approach. RESULTS High levels of PD-L1 and high densities of PD-1+ cells in the microenvironment of HGSCs were strongly associated with an immune contexture characterized by a robust TH1 polarization and cytotoxic orientation that enabled superior clinical benefits. Moreover, PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+ T cells presented all features of functional exhaustion and correlated with poor disease outcome. However, although PD-L1 levels and tumor infiltration by TIM-3+ cells improved patient stratification based on the intratumoral abundance of CD8+ T cells, the amount of PD-1+ cells failed to do so. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PD-L1 and TIM-3 constitute prognostically relevant biomarkers of active and suppressed immune responses against HGSC, respectively.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/immunology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/immunology
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Lenka Kasikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamila Hladikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Truxova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivan Praznovec
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J Halaska
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brtnicky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kodet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josephine Pineau
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Alain Gey
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kong BY, Bolton H, Kim JW, Silveira PA, Fromm PD, Clark GJ. On the Other Side: Manipulating the Immune Checkpoint Landscape of Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:50. [PMID: 30788290 PMCID: PMC6372550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules have been successful in clinical trials of both solid and hematological malignancies as acknowledged by the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine, however improving clinical response rates is now key to expanding their efficacy in areas of unmet medical need. Antibodies to checkpoint inhibitors target molecules on either T cells or tumor cells to stimulate T cells or remove tumor mediated immunosuppression, respectively. However, many of the well-characterized T cell immune checkpoint receptors have their ligands on antigen presenting cells or exert direct effects on those cells. Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen presenting cells; they possess the ability to elicit antigen-specific responses and have important roles in regulation of immune tolerance. Despite their theoretical benefits in cancer immunotherapy, the translation of DC therapies into the clinic is yet to be fully realized and combining DC-based immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an attractive strategy. This combination takes advantage of the antigen presenting capability of DC to maximize specific immune responses to tumor antigens whilst removing tumor-associated immune inhibitory mechanisms with immune checkpoint inhibition. Here we review the expression and functional effects of immune checkpoint molecules on DC and identify rational combinations for DC vaccination to enhance antigen-specific T cell responses, cytokine production, and promotion of long-lasting immunological memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Kong
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Bolton
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Julius W Kim
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo A Silveira
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip D Fromm
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina J Clark
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dendritic cell vaccination plus low-dose doxorubicin for the treatment of spontaneous canine hemangiosarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:282-291. [PMID: 30670791 PMCID: PMC6760631 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a deadly neoplasm of the vascular endothelium. Metastatic disease is often present at diagnosis, and 5-year survival is only 10–35%. Although there exist no immunocompetent mouse models of angiosarcoma with which to study immune-based approaches to therapy, angiosarcoma is a major killer of companion dogs, responsible for up to 2% of all canine deaths in some susceptible breeds or an estimated 120,000 per year in the US. The canine disease (HSA) often presents in the spleen as acute hemoabdomen secondary to splenic rupture. Even if life-saving splenectomy is performed, median overall survival (OS) is only 48 days, and 1-year survival is negligible. Here we report the analysis of a pilot phase I open-label trial of chemo-immunotherapy performed on consecutively presenting splenectomized canines with histologically verified HSA. Subjects received an abbreviated course of low-dose doxorubicin plus alpha interferon and an autologous dendritic cell-therapy reported to enhance durable CD8+ memory. Disease was monitored monthly by abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. Median OS in the per protocol population was 109 days including one of five animals that died cancer-free at 16 months after documented resolution of relapsed disease. These results indicate that therapeutic administration of chemo-immunotherapy is both feasible and safe, substantiating the rationale for additional veterinary and human clinical studies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Costa F, Das R, Kini Bailur J, Dhodapkar K, Dhodapkar MV. Checkpoint Inhibition in Myeloma: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2204. [PMID: 30319648 PMCID: PMC6168958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvements in the treatment landscape, most multiple myeloma (MM) patients eventually succumb to the underlying malignancy. Immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy to achieve durable remissions due to its specificity and capacity for long term memory. Activation of immune cells is controlled by a balance of agonistic and inhibitory signals via surface and intracellular receptors. Blockade of such inhibitory immune receptors (termed as "immune checkpoints") including PD-1/PD-L1 has led to impressive tumor regressions in several cancers. Preclinical studies suggest that these immune checkpoints may also play a role in regulating tumor immunity in MM. Indeed, myeloma was among the first tumors wherein therapeutic efficacy of blockade of PD-1 axis was demonstrated in preclinical models. Expression of PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells also correlates with the risk of malignant transformation. However, early clinical studies of single agent PD-1 blockade have not led to meaningful tumor regressions. Immune modulatory drugs (IMiDs) are now the mainstay of most MM therapies. Interestingly, the mechanism of immune activation by IMiDs also involves release of inhibitory checkpoints, such as Ikaros-mediated suppression of IL-2. Combination of PD-1 targeted agents with IMiDs led to promising clinical activity, including objective responses in some patients refractory to IMiD therapy. However, some of these studies were transiently halted in 2017 due to concern for a possible safety signal with IMiD-PD1 combination. The capacity of the immune system to control MM has been further reinforced by recent success of adoptive cell therapies, such as T cells redirected by chimeric-antigen receptors (CAR-Ts). There remains an unmet need to better understand the immunologic effects of checkpoint blockade, delineate mechanisms of resistance to these therapies and identify optimal combination of agonistic signaling, checkpoint inhibitors as well as other therapies including CAR-Ts, to realize the potential of the immune system to control and prevent MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rituparna Das
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Kavita Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gaber T, Schönbeck K, Hoff H, Tran CL, Strehl C, Lang A, Ohrndorf S, Pfeiffenberger M, Röhner E, Matziolis G, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F, Hoff P. CTLA-4 Mediates Inhibitory Function of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082312. [PMID: 30087255 PMCID: PMC6121442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are stem cells of the connective tissue, possess a plastic phenotype, and are able to differentiate into various tissues. Besides their role in tissue regeneration, MSCs perform additional functions as a modulator or inhibitor of immune responses. Due to their pleiotropic function, MSCs have also gained therapeutic importance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and for improving fracture healing and cartilage regeneration. However, the therapeutic/immunomodulatory mode of action of MSCs is largely unknown. Here, we describe that MSCs express the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4). We show that depending on the environmental conditions, MSCs express different isoforms of CTLA-4 with the secreted isoform (sCTLA-4) being the most abundant under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the immunosuppressive function of MSCs is mediated mainly by the secretion of CTLA-4. These findings open new ways for treatment when tissue regeneration/fracture healing is difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Schönbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Hoff
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eric Röhner
- Department of Orthopedics, Campus Eisenberg, Jena University Hospital, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Georg Matziolis
- Department of Orthopedics, Campus Eisenberg, Jena University Hospital, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Gerd-R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics, Campus Eisenberg, Jena University Hospital, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
- Endokrinologikum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cao H, Zhang R, Zhang W. CTLA‑4 interferes with the HBV‑specific T cell immune response (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:703-712. [PMID: 29786112 PMCID: PMC6034931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatic inflammation. Successful HBV clearance in patients is associated with sustained viral control by effector T cells. Compared with acute hepatitis B, chronic HBV infection is associated with the depletion of T cells, resulting in weak or absent virus-specific T cells reactivity, which is described as 'exhaustion'. This exhaustion is characterized by impaired cytokine production and sustained expression of multiple coinhibitory molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of many coinhibitory molecules that can attenuate T cell activation by inhibiting costimulation and transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells. Persistent HBV infection results in the upregulation of CTLA-4 on hepatic CD8+ T cells. This prompts CD8+ T cell apoptosis, and the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is blocked. Similar to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T helper (Th) cell proliferation is hindered following CTLA-4 upregulation. In addition, the differentiation of CD4+ Th is polarized toward the Th2/peripherally-inducible T regulatory cell types, increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the activation of proinflammatory cells (Th1 and follicular helper T) is blocked, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines decline. This review summarizes the current literature relevant to T cell exhaustion in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis, and discusses the roles of CTLA-4 in T cell exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peer S, Baier G, Gruber T. Cblb-deficient T cells are less susceptible to PD-L1-mediated inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41841-41853. [PMID: 28611299 PMCID: PMC5522032 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the immune system for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors has been a goal of cancer research for many years. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b has been established as an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell activation, critically contributing to the maintenance of self-tolerance. Furthermore, it has been shown that Cblb deficiency enhances T cell effector functions towards tumors. Blockade of the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has recently emerged as a promising strategy in the development of effective cancer immune therapies. Therefore, we explored the concept of targeting different checkpoints concomitantly. Interestingly, we observed that CTLA-4 but not PD-L1 based immunotherapy selectively enhanced the anti-tumor phenotype of Cblb-deficient mice. In agreement with the in vivo results, in vitro experiments showed that Cblb−/− T cells were less susceptible to PD-L1-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation and IFNγ secretion. Taken together, our findings reveal a so far unappreciated function of Cbl-b in the regulation of PD-1 signaling in murine T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peer
- Department for Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Department for Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Department for Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumar C, Kohli S, Chiliveru S, Jain M, Sharan B. Complete remission of rare adenocarcinoma of the oropharynx with APCEDEN ® (dendritic cell-based vaccine): a case report. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1692-1696. [PMID: 29026574 PMCID: PMC5628247 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
APCEDEN® is an autologous monocyte‐derived dendritic cell‐based immunotherapy. A 58‐year‐old man with adenocarcinoma of oropharynx shows complete remission after receiving APCEDEN® in conjunction with Geftinib validated by reduction in size, whereas Gefitinib alone lead to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minish Jain
- Medical Oncology Ruby Hall Clinic Pune India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Konduri V, Li D, Halpert MM, Liang D, Liang Z, Chen Y, Fisher WE, Paust S, Levitt JM, Yao QC, Decker WK. Chemo-immunotherapy mediates durable cure of orthotopic K rasG12D/p53 -/- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1213933. [PMID: 27757308 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, exhibiting a five-year overall survival (OS) of only 7% despite aggressive standard of care. Recent advances in immunotherapy suggest potential application of immune-based treatment approaches to PDAC. To explore this concept further, we treated orthotopically established K-rasG12D/p53-/- PDAC tumors with gemcitabine and a cell-based vaccine previously shown to generate durable cell-mediated (TH1) immunity. Tumor progression was monitored by IVIS. The results indicated that the combination of chemotherapy and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination was effective in eliminating tumor, preventing metastasis and recurrence, and significantly enhancing OS. No animal that received the combination therapy relapsed, while mice that received gemcitabine-only or vaccine-only regimens relapsed and progressed. Analysis of circulating PBMC demonstrated that mice receiving the combination therapy exhibited significantly elevated levels of CD8+IFNγ+CCR7+NK1.1+ T-cells with significantly reduced levels of exhausted GITR+CD8+ T-cells after the cessation of treatment. Retro-orbital tumor re-challenge of surviving animals at six-months post-treatment demonstrated durable antitumor immunity only among mice that had received the combination therapy. CD8+ splenocytes derived from surviving mice that had received the combination therapy were sorted into NK1.1pos and NK1.1neg populations and adoptively transferred into naive recipients. Transfer of only 1,500 CD8+NK1.1pos T-cells was sufficient to mediate tumor rejection whereas transfer of 1,500 CD8+NK1.1neg T-cells imparted only minimal effects. The data suggest that addition of a TH1 DC vaccine regimen as an adjuvant to existing therapies can mediate eradication of tumors and offer durable protection against PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyu Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Cathy Yao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|